状语从句讲练
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状语从句讲练
状语从句根据它表达的意义的不同可分为： 时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、 时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较方 式状语从句、目的状语从句、 式状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和让步状语 从句。 从句。 如果状语从句放在主句前，通常在从句后用逗号隔开。 时间状语从句 其连接词有：when，while，before，after，since， 其连接词有：when，while，before，after，since， till（until），as till（until），as soon as 等。由这些连词引导的主从 复合句中的主句和从句谓语动词发生的时间有三种情况， 即同时发生和先后发生。因此在运用时间状语从句时， 特别要注意主句和从句之间的时态呼应。
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3. 由before 引导的从句 在由before 引导的从句中，一般来说主句的动作发生 在从句的动作之前，主从句的动词都用过去时。例如： Wei Fang had cut the meat into pieces before her mother started cooking. He didn't know little Chinese before he came to China. My brother studied in No.1 Middle School before he joined the army. 4. 由after引导的从句 由after引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句之后， 为了表明动作的先后顺序，这是主句的动作用一般过去 时，而从句的动作用过去完成时。有时主从句的动词都 用过去时。例如： After he had finished his homework, he went home. After the bell rang, all the students rushed out of the classroom.
典型例题分析： Nobody knows if it ________ tomorrow. A. rains B. will rain C. rained 分析：if 分析：if 既可引导宾语从句又可引导状语从句。此题中 判断if 判断if 引导的是宾语从句还是状语从句是解题的关键。 故正确选项为：B 故正确选项为：B。 3. 由“祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 或 “祈使句 + and 陈述句” + 陈述句”的两个句式都可以转化为由if 引导的条件 陈述句”的两个句式都可以转化为由if 状语从句。 Hurry up or you will be late. = If you don't hurry up, you will be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
1. when引导的从句 when引导的从句 有时主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，有时主句的动作 在前，从句的动作在后。如果主句用一般将来时，则从句就要 用一般现在时。 Tom will go to see her when he has time. It was raining when I left the hospital. The film had already began when I got to the cinema. 2. 由while 引导的从句 表示正在进行某一动作时另一动作发生了；还可以表示某 个动作还在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中。例如： While he was reading, the telephone rang. While we were boating on the lake, we saw a fish jump out of the water. While my sister was watching TV, I was writing. While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.
6. till（until）引导的从句 till（until）引导的从句 （1）如果主句和从句都用肯定形式，表示“直 ）如果主句和从句都用肯定形式，表示“ 到……”这一动作直到until 才结束。例如： ……”这一动作直到until They worked until it was too late. He waits until the children are asleep. （2）如果主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式， 表示“直到……才……”， 表示“直到……才……”， 并且主句的谓语动词 为非延续性动词如：leave, 为非延续性动词如：leave, start, come, see, go to bed 等，表示这一动作直到until才开始 等，表示这一动作直到until才开始 发生。例如： I didn't know it until you told me. We won't begin the party until everyone is here.
（3）当主句为一般将来时时，until引导的从句用一般现 ）当主句为一般将来时时，until引导的从句用一般现 在时代替一般将来时。例如： Please don't get off the bus until it stops. He won't have supper until he finishes reading the newspaper. （4）not…until…的句式可以转化成when 或after 引 not…until…的句式可以转化成when 导的时间状语从句，但主句必须用肯定式。例如： They didn't go home until the rain stopped.= They went home after the rain stopped. The students won't come into the classroom until the teachers finish their work. = The students will come into the classroom when the teacher finish their work.
（三）条件状语从句 1. 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless。如果主 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless。如果主 句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。例如： She will pass the exam if she works harder. If you do well in maths, you can learn other subjects well. 2. 注意判定if 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句。 注意判定if 在英语里，if 在英语里，if 既能引导宾语从句又能引导状语从句。 这要看主句中的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。 例如： Could you tell me if it fine tomorrow. 这句话的主句谓语动词是tell, 及物动词，所以后面if 这句话的主句谓语动词是tell, 及物动词，所以后面if 引导的从句是宾语从句。 I won't go if it isn't fine tomorrow. 这句话的主句谓语动词是go, 这句话的主句谓语动词是go, 不及物动词，所以后面 if 引导的从句是状语从句。
（四）比较状语从句 连接词有as… as… than，the… the… 连接词有as… as…，than，the… the…，as 等。 1. 表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相当时，就用“as 表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相当时，就用“ + 形容词或副词原级 + as”的句型。 as” I think science is as important as maths. Tom runs as fast as John. 2. 表示甲在某一方面不及乙时，就用not so… 表示甲在某一方面不及乙时，就用not so… as… as… 句型。例如： The Yellow River is not so long as the Changjiang River. He did not come so early as Li Lei.
2. as 用来表明比较明显的原因和理由，（由于、既 然），这种原因一般是大家都知道的，其从句位于 主句之前。 As he was very busy, we went to the cinema without him. 3. since 用来表示比较勉强的理由和原因，意为“既 用来表示比较勉强的理由和原因，意为“ 然”。例如： Since everybody makes mistakes in life, Mr. Smith gave John a chance. 4. 另外由because 引导的原因状语从句，可以由 另外由because because of 短语换成简单句。 We didn't go out because it was raining.= We didn't go out because of the rain.
5. 由since引导的从句 since引导的从句 在由since引导的复合句中，从句动词用一般过去时， 在由since引导的复合句中，从句动词用一般过去时， 主句动词用现在完成时。例如： He has never returned home since he joined the army. I haven't seen him since he got a job. 注意：在英语里，有一些非延续性的动词，他们只 是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come, 是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up 等，用It is … 等，用It since… since…的句型来表达目前存在的一种状态。例如： It's a week since he came back. It's more than a year since he joined the army. It's three years since my younger brother was a football player.
（二）原因状语从句 其连接词为 because, since, as等。 as等。 1. 由because 引导的原因状语从句，直接明白地 说明因果关系，语气最强，它引导的从句一般位于主 句之后。 注意： （1）回答用why 提出的问题需用because 回答。 ）回答用why 提出的问题需用because （2）because 不能与并列连词so 连用。 不能与并列连词so 正：Because 正：Because I had seen the film, I didn't go to the cinema last night. 正：I 正：I didn't go to the cinema because I had seen the film. 误：Because 误：Because I had seen the film, so I didn't go to the cinema last night.
7. 由as soon as 引导的从句 （1）主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 （2）主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。 一般情况下，从句也用一般过去时。例如： I'll write to you as soon as I get there. We started as soon as we received his telephone.
状语从句根据它表达的意义的不同可分为： 时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、 时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较方 式状语从句、目的状语从句、 式状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和让步状语 从句。 从句。 如果状语从句放在主句前，通常在从句后用逗号隔开。 时间状语从句 其连接词有：when，while，before，after，since， 其连接词有：when，while，before，after，since， till（until），as till（until），as soon as 等。由这些连词引导的主从 复合句中的主句和从句谓语动词发生的时间有三种情况， 即同时发生和先后发生。因此在运用时间状语从句时， 特别要注意主句和从句之间的时态呼应。
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3. 由before 引导的从句 在由before 引导的从句中，一般来说主句的动作发生 在从句的动作之前，主从句的动词都用过去时。例如： Wei Fang had cut the meat into pieces before her mother started cooking. He didn't know little Chinese before he came to China. My brother studied in No.1 Middle School before he joined the army. 4. 由after引导的从句 由after引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句之后， 为了表明动作的先后顺序，这是主句的动作用一般过去 时，而从句的动作用过去完成时。有时主从句的动词都 用过去时。例如： After he had finished his homework, he went home. After the bell rang, all the students rushed out of the classroom.
典型例题分析： Nobody knows if it ________ tomorrow. A. rains B. will rain C. rained 分析：if 分析：if 既可引导宾语从句又可引导状语从句。此题中 判断if 判断if 引导的是宾语从句还是状语从句是解题的关键。 故正确选项为：B 故正确选项为：B。 3. 由“祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 或 “祈使句 + and 陈述句” + 陈述句”的两个句式都可以转化为由if 引导的条件 陈述句”的两个句式都可以转化为由if 状语从句。 Hurry up or you will be late. = If you don't hurry up, you will be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
1. when引导的从句 when引导的从句 有时主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，有时主句的动作 在前，从句的动作在后。如果主句用一般将来时，则从句就要 用一般现在时。 Tom will go to see her when he has time. It was raining when I left the hospital. The film had already began when I got to the cinema. 2. 由while 引导的从句 表示正在进行某一动作时另一动作发生了；还可以表示某 个动作还在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中。例如： While he was reading, the telephone rang. While we were boating on the lake, we saw a fish jump out of the water. While my sister was watching TV, I was writing. While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.
6. till（until）引导的从句 till（until）引导的从句 （1）如果主句和从句都用肯定形式，表示“直 ）如果主句和从句都用肯定形式，表示“ 到……”这一动作直到until 才结束。例如： ……”这一动作直到until They worked until it was too late. He waits until the children are asleep. （2）如果主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式， 表示“直到……才……”， 表示“直到……才……”， 并且主句的谓语动词 为非延续性动词如：leave, 为非延续性动词如：leave, start, come, see, go to bed 等，表示这一动作直到until才开始 等，表示这一动作直到until才开始 发生。例如： I didn't know it until you told me. We won't begin the party until everyone is here.
（3）当主句为一般将来时时，until引导的从句用一般现 ）当主句为一般将来时时，until引导的从句用一般现 在时代替一般将来时。例如： Please don't get off the bus until it stops. He won't have supper until he finishes reading the newspaper. （4）not…until…的句式可以转化成when 或after 引 not…until…的句式可以转化成when 导的时间状语从句，但主句必须用肯定式。例如： They didn't go home until the rain stopped.= They went home after the rain stopped. The students won't come into the classroom until the teachers finish their work. = The students will come into the classroom when the teacher finish their work.
（三）条件状语从句 1. 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless。如果主 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless。如果主 句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。例如： She will pass the exam if she works harder. If you do well in maths, you can learn other subjects well. 2. 注意判定if 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句。 注意判定if 在英语里，if 在英语里，if 既能引导宾语从句又能引导状语从句。 这要看主句中的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。 例如： Could you tell me if it fine tomorrow. 这句话的主句谓语动词是tell, 及物动词，所以后面if 这句话的主句谓语动词是tell, 及物动词，所以后面if 引导的从句是宾语从句。 I won't go if it isn't fine tomorrow. 这句话的主句谓语动词是go, 这句话的主句谓语动词是go, 不及物动词，所以后面 if 引导的从句是状语从句。
（四）比较状语从句 连接词有as… as… than，the… the… 连接词有as… as…，than，the… the…，as 等。 1. 表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相当时，就用“as 表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相当时，就用“ + 形容词或副词原级 + as”的句型。 as” I think science is as important as maths. Tom runs as fast as John. 2. 表示甲在某一方面不及乙时，就用not so… 表示甲在某一方面不及乙时，就用not so… as… as… 句型。例如： The Yellow River is not so long as the Changjiang River. He did not come so early as Li Lei.
2. as 用来表明比较明显的原因和理由，（由于、既 然），这种原因一般是大家都知道的，其从句位于 主句之前。 As he was very busy, we went to the cinema without him. 3. since 用来表示比较勉强的理由和原因，意为“既 用来表示比较勉强的理由和原因，意为“ 然”。例如： Since everybody makes mistakes in life, Mr. Smith gave John a chance. 4. 另外由because 引导的原因状语从句，可以由 另外由because because of 短语换成简单句。 We didn't go out because it was raining.= We didn't go out because of the rain.
5. 由since引导的从句 since引导的从句 在由since引导的复合句中，从句动词用一般过去时， 在由since引导的复合句中，从句动词用一般过去时， 主句动词用现在完成时。例如： He has never returned home since he joined the army. I haven't seen him since he got a job. 注意：在英语里，有一些非延续性的动词，他们只 是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come, 是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up 等，用It is … 等，用It since… since…的句型来表达目前存在的一种状态。例如： It's a week since he came back. It's more than a year since he joined the army. It's three years since my younger brother was a football player.
（二）原因状语从句 其连接词为 because, since, as等。 as等。 1. 由because 引导的原因状语从句，直接明白地 说明因果关系，语气最强，它引导的从句一般位于主 句之后。 注意： （1）回答用why 提出的问题需用because 回答。 ）回答用why 提出的问题需用because （2）because 不能与并列连词so 连用。 不能与并列连词so 正：Because 正：Because I had seen the film, I didn't go to the cinema last night. 正：I 正：I didn't go to the cinema because I had seen the film. 误：Because 误：Because I had seen the film, so I didn't go to the cinema last night.
7. 由as soon as 引导的从句 （1）主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 （2）主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。 一般情况下，从句也用一般过去时。例如： I'll write to you as soon as I get there. We started as soon as we received his telephone.