最新《英语词汇学》重要术语中英文对照

《英语词汇学》重要术语

One:

1. Native words 本族词

Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words.

2. Loan words 借词

Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words.

3. Slang words 俚语

Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary. 4. Function words 功能词

Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else.

5. Content words 实义词

Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning.

6. Free forms 自由形式

Forms which occur as sentences are free forms.

Two:

1. Morphemes 语素

Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.

2. Allomorphs 语素变体

Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.

3. Free morpheme 自由语素

Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning.

4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素

Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound.

5. Root 词根

Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.

6. Affix 词缀

Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.

7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀

Inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree.

8. Derivational affix 派生词缀

Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme.

9. Prefixes 前缀

Prefixes are affixes added before words.

10. Suffixes 后缀

Suffixes are affixes added after words.

Three

1. Word-formation rules 构词规则

Word-formation rules define the scope and methods whereby speakers of a language may create new words.

2. Stem 词干

Stem is the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.

3. Base 词基

Base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

4. Compounding 合成法

Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit.

5. Derivation 派生法

Derivation or affixation is a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base.

6. Conversion 转化法

Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.

7. Prefixation 前缀法

Prefixation is the addition of a prefix to the base.

8. Suffixation 后缀法

Suffixation refers to the addition of a suffix to the base.

Four:

1. Initialism 首字母连写词

Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase and it is pronounced letter by letter.

2. Acronyms首字母拼音词

Acronyms are word formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, and they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.

3. Clipping 截短法

The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.

4. Blending 拼缀法

Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.

5. Back-formation 逆成法

Back-formation is a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the language.

6. Reduplication 重叠法

Reduplication is a minor type of word-formation by which a compound word is created by the