英语阅读的微技能
培养学生“捕捉关键信息”的英语阅读微技能
培养学生“捕捉关键信息”的英语阅读微技能作者：陈婷婷来源：《教育实践与研究·中学课程版》2020年第04期摘要：在英语学习中，阅读能力是语言能力的一个重要方面。
任何一篇文章都要有主要信息structural information和次要信息information key words。
主要信息是文章的关键信息，是作者竭力想要传达给读者的信息，是文章的灵魂;次要信息是为主要信息服务的辅助性信息，对主要信息起进一步具体诠释和补充的作用。
关键词：中学英语;主要信息;次要信息;关键信息;思维品质中图分类号：G633.51 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-010X（2020）11-0060-02一、捕捉关键信息对于英语阅读的意义《义务教育英语课程标准》对初中阶段的英语阅读能力提出了明确的目标：能根据上下文的意思，推测生词的意义;能掌握所读材料的大意，抓住要点，获取关键信息;能在整体理解文章的基础上进行适当的推理和判断，领会作者的意图;能从各种媒体中获取基本信息。
二、捕捉关键信息的策略和方法首先，通过读题目，捕捉关键信息，理解文章的主旨大意。
其次，通过跳读，聚焦高复现的词语，捕捉关键信息，理解文章内容。
最后，精读环节，关注文章what、when、who、where、why、how關键信息，关注时间脉络或步骤变化顺序比如first、then、next等，理解文章结构和内容后，在此基础上，关注key information words等次要信息，进一步掌握和理解细节内容。
三、课堂教学课例人教新目标八年级上册Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake（2a-2e）Reading教学目标：学生能学会描述节日及相关食物的做法，理解中国和北美文化之间的不同。
教学设计：（一）教师带领学生唱拍手歌，导入今天的主题——感恩节。
歌词设计巧妙，把感恩节典型食物——火鸡、感恩节的意义、时间、庆祝方式融入其中，既起到热身作用，又能激发学生的学习兴趣、初步了解感恩节，为本课教学打下基础。
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中的有效渗透
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中的有效渗透在英语教学中，阅读是一个至关重要的技能。
通过阅读，学生可以扩大词汇量、提高阅读理解能力、增进对文化的理解等。
一些学生在阅读时可能会遇到困难，比如词汇量不足、阅读速度慢等。
针对这些问题，我们可以通过一些微技能来有效渗透教学，提高学生的阅读能力。
第一，词汇量扩展。
在阅读中，词汇是非常重要的。
如果学生对一些词汇不了解，就会影响对整个文章的理解。
所以，扩大词汇量是非常必要的。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些小技巧来帮助学生扩大词汇量，比如通过词根词缀来帮助学生记忆单词，通过词汇卡片来进行记忆等。
这些小技巧可以帮助学生更好地记忆和掌握词汇，从而提高阅读能力。
第二，阅读速度提升。
阅读速度影响着阅读的效率，而阅读效率又直接影响着对文章的理解。
所以，提升阅读速度是非常重要的。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些练习来帮助学生提升阅读速度，比如阅读计时，通过设置时间来要求学生在规定时间内完成阅读，逐步提高阅读速度。
通过阅读一些简单的文章来进行速读练习，也可以帮助学生提高阅读速度。
阅读理解能力。
阅读不仅仅是单纯地读懂文章，更重要的是理解文章的含义。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些小技巧来帮助学生提高阅读理解能力，如通过提问的方式来引导学生深入理解文章，通过让学生进行分段阅读，每段阅读完后进行思考总结等。
这些小技巧可以帮助学生更好地理解文章，提高阅读理解能力。
第四，文化背景了解。
在英语阅读中，很多文章都涉及到一些文化背景知识，而这些知识又对文章的理解起着至关重要的作用。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些小技巧来帮助学生了解英语国家的文化背景，比如通过观看视频、听音频等方式来了解英语国家的风俗习惯，通过阅读相关的文化背景知识来提高学生的文化素养。
这些小技巧可以帮助学生更好地理解文章，提高阅读理解能力。
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中具有非常重要的作用。
通过这些微技能，可以帮助学生更好地理解文章，提高阅读速度，扩大词汇量等。
高中英语“三读”微技能阅读课课堂教学模式简介
高中英语“三读”微技能阅读课课堂教学模式简介1 高中英语“三读”微技能阅读课课堂教学法的提出（原因、背景）高中英语教学有听力课、说话课、阅读课、语法课、写作课等课型，不同的课型有不同的教学模式。
古人云：“读万卷书，行万里路。
”哲人也说：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。
”余秋雨说：“阅读的最大理由是想摆脱平庸，早一天就多一份人生的精彩，迟一天就多一天平庸。
”英语阅读可以扩大学生的知识面，英语阅读可以提高学生对语言的兴趣，英语阅读还可以扩大词汇量，英语阅读可以增加学生对该国家的文化背景的了解。
通过大量的英语阅读，可以形成良好的语感。
历年高考英语阅读占到70%的份额。
因此，让学生体验阅读的快乐，养成终生阅读的良好习惯，是我们英语阅读课堂所要研究和追求的目标。
阅读教学是我国高中英语教学最普通的课型，但传统阅读教学存在以下问题：1.1 偏重语法教学，学生缺乏阅读兴趣。
教师只是利用阅读教材将所要讲解的语法、词汇一一呈列在学生面前，将完整而有意义的文章分解成若干个零散的知识点传授给学生。
在整个教学过程中，学生始终处于被动状态。
学生的学习主体性受到了严重的约束和压制。
从而对阅读课的教学不感兴趣甚至产生厌倦情绪。
1.2 囫囵吞枣式的阅读教学。
与上述情况恰好相反，另外一部分教师要求学生先阅读文章，再完成课后的相关问题，最后教师在全班校对答案正误，一堂阅读教学课就结束了。
1.3 问题的设计缺乏层次性，不能有效的检测阅读效果。
课堂内我们经常看到的课文阅读题是以下两种：①以Who /What /When /Where 提出的问题；②回答Yes /No，True /False 的判断题。
教师利用这些问题采用一问一答的方式组织课堂教学，无法将学生引入到对课文的深层次理解。
根据教育部最近颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》的要求，高中英语教学应着重培养学生以下几方面能力：在人际交往中得体地使用英语的能力，用英语获取和处理信息的能力，用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力以及批判性思维能力。
2021届 高考英语阅读微技能突破：推理判断：2020全国卷易错题+对点练习 含答案
2021年高考英语阅读微技能突破：推理判断2020全国卷易错题+对点练习项目二：基于错题重做：2020真题阅读（二）推理判断题学生版：1、（2020全国卷1 ）文章大意：这是一篇说明文。
短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。
作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight....24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It’s a window to a whole new world.C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.教师版：(正确答案：D）一、词汇重点familiarity n. 熟悉，精通；亲密suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑transformative adj. 变化的，变形的lie in在于…mental register心理状态a give and take 互相交换pull one's weight 尽自己本分；尽职责，做好自己的工作二、句子结构分析There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.主干：There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion.分析：that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship中that引导同位语从句。
教学设计方案(人教版英语九年级阅读理解技巧)
人教版英语九年级中考重点题型之阅读理解兴国县第五中学赖清芳阅读理解题型阅读理解题型: 1.细节理解题 2. 推理判断题 3.主旨归纳题 4.词义猜测题阅读理解微技能一、细节理解题1、Question forms1）疑问句式: 以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
2）是非题的形式: 常含true (except)，not right/correct (except)等词语。
3）不完整的陈述句式: To keep healthy，people are advised ________.2、Answering skills1）直接查找细节A. Visit MikeB. Give Mike a callC. Write to MikeD. Send Mike an email62. How much does it cost to join the photography club?A. ₤15B. ₤8C. ₤3D. Free2）在文中找出相应的句子，通过间接转述得出答案。
63. Which of the following is true according to the ads above?A. You are sure to get a camera to join the photography club.B. Talent is the most important for actors in the theatre group.C. The running groups have running competitions every Wednesday.D. Actors must take part in the theatre group’s activities twice a week.3）在文中找出相应的句子，多点归纳。
B1 In 2007, Barrington Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world. He was just 23 years old—and he built the plane himself. How did he achieve this?2 Irving’s interest in flying started when he was 15. He was working in his parents’ bookstore in Miami, Florida. One of the customers was a pilot, Gary Robinson. One day, Robinson asked Irving if he was interested in flying. Irving didn’t think he was smart enough. But the next day, Robinson took Irving to an airport. He showed Irving inside the cockpit (驾驶舱) ofa Boeing 777. That experience changed Irving’s life.3 Irving really wanted to fly, but flight school was expensive. To achieve his dream, he worked different jobs. He washed airplanes and cleaned swimming pools. At home, he practiced flying on a video game. In the end, he got enough money for flight school.4 At flight school, Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly. But he wasn’t finished. Next, he planned to build his own plane and fly alone around the world.5 Building the plane was difficult. Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts. Most said no, but he persisted (顽强地坚持) in asking. Three years later, he had parts worth $ 300,000. Columbia, an airplane company, agreed to build a plane using the parts. Soon, his airplane was ready to fly.6 On March 23，2007, Irving began his round -the -world trip. After 97 days—with 145 hours in the air—he landed backin Miami. A cheering crowd of people was there to welcome him.7 Irving saw many young people in the crowd, and this had a powerful effect (影响) on him. He wanted to use his experience to help other young people achieve their own dreams.8 “Everyone told me what I couldn’t do，"says Irving. “They said I was too young, that I didn’t have enough money. But even if no one believes in your dream,” he says, “you have to pursue (追求) it."65. Put the events about Irving in the correct order.a. Irving got the parts for his plane.b. Irving flew around the world.c. Irving met Gary Robinson.d. Irving learned to fly.A. c-d-a-bB. c-a-d-bC. b-c-a-dD. b-c-d-aD1 How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century.2 As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people ’s in the other group.3 The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks.4 Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai (迪拜)，for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea(韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature.73. Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer.①the USA②Dubai③Switzerland ④South Koreaa. Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside.b. About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year.c. A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built.d. 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.A. ①—a ②—d ③—b ④—cB. ①—d ②—c ③—a ④—bC. ①—a ②—c ③—d ④—bD. ①—d ②—c ③—b ④—a3、Summary细节理解和细节判断题解题技巧：Skimming(寻读法)1.细心审题，直接就题找答案；2.变通理解，间接转述找答案；3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案二、推理判断题1、Question forms1) The passage implies (暗示) that_______.2) We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.3) What can we infer (推论) according to the passage?4) What can we know about…from the passage?5) What does the writer think of…?2、Practice(B篇) 64. Why was Gary Robinson important in Irving’s life?A. He got Irving interested in flying.B. He sent Irving to a flight school.C. He helped Irving build a plane.D. He taught Irving how to fly.(B篇) 66. What can we know about Irving’s personality according to the passage?A. Clever and honest.B. Humorous and responsible.C. Polite and powerful.D. Hard-working and persistent.C1. Some people ski (滑雪) down mountains. Others climb huge rocks or photograph dangerous animals. Why do people enjoy risky activities like these?2. Some people take risks simply because it makes them feel good. Psychologist (心理学家) Marvin says that this kind of explorers (探险者) are always looking for change and excitement. When people do something new or risky, a chemical (化学物质) in the brain creates a pleasant feeling. They love this feeling and want to experience it as often as possible.3. Other people don’ t take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal. For example, Mike Fay went on a dangerous 2,000 -mile special journey in central Africa. He worked to help save the wildlife there. Fay’s expeditions helped create 13 national parks.4. For other people, such as extreme athletes (极限运动员), taking risks is part of their job. Sports psychologist Shane says extreme athletes see the world differently. In a dangerous activity, most people probably do not feel in control. Extreme athletes are different: they feel in control in dangerous situations. The danger can even help them. For example, skier Daron Rahlves says that being afraid makes him try harder to succeed.5. Most of us are not extreme athletes or explorers. However, we still take risks in our lives. Some of us take social risks, such as speaking in front of a large group of people. Sometimes, we take financial risks, such as buying a house. And sometimes we take career risks, such as leaving a job or starting a business. Most people take risks in some areas of life, but not in others. What kind of risk-taker are you?68. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The brain.B. Something new.C. A chemical.D. A pleasant feeling3、Summary推理判断解题技巧：Guessing and Inferring(猜测和推断)如何推测文章的观点或结论★ 答题窍门：这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。
高中英语：推断写作手法-阅读微技能训练(原版卷)
阅读微技能训练---推断写作手法（一）【典型例题1】(2018年河南天一大联考D)When you receive a vaccine(疫苗), you are injected with a weak strain of a virus, to support the development of resistance to something much more severe that you might meet down the road. Similarly, self-doubt is a process by which you can see opportunities for failure ahead of time, but also the possibilities of facing and defeating it. Self-doubt prepares you against the things that might ruin you later on.1.How is this paragraph developed?A. By listing examplesB. By making comparisonsC. By making classifications.D. By analyzing cause and effect.【典型例题2】(2015年安徽E)Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity（兴旺）in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.2. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by ___________.A. using examplesB. making comparisonsC. analyzingD. describing processes【典型例题3】（2019年河北衡水中学七调）W e put all these plastics into the environment and we still don’t really know what the outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics ona regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.3.How did the author support his opinion in this paragraph?A. He presented statistics.B. He cited quotes from leading experts.C. He used examples from his own experience.D. He used the strategy of comparison and contrast.passage 4 (2018年聊城一模B)With golden sunshine and a gentle breeze (微风), autumn is the most beautiful seasons in the year. This is a great time to go outside and have fun. Go to a valley to see red maple trees, go and pick fruit in an orchard or find an open field to fly your kite in.However, for many high school students, these great activities may be just a dream. With plenty of work to do, they spend all their hours indoors, struggling for a high mark in their exams. Of course, study is one of the most important things for teenagers. But life is definitely much more than that.Sometimes we spend so much time studying that we forget how to make life wonderful. In doing so, we lose the real purpose of life —to be a valuable and happy person. To enjoy just how great it is to be alive, we have to put down our books and pens and look around us. Students, take some exercise to improve your health, talk with your parents and friends for understanding and walk around outside to refresh (振作) your body and mind.Going out and enjoying the beautiful countryside often helps our creativity in our work. Chinese craftsman, Lu Ban created a saw to help woodworkers. But if he hadn't walked outside, he would not have been inspired by a kind of toothed (锯齿状的) grass. We could also suppose if Newton hadn't rested under that apple tree, then he wouldn't have been hit by an apple, and his classic (经典的) theories would not have come out.Going out is not only a break from hard work, but a chance to add to life experience. So come on, give your brain a good rest. Step out of the books and get your bag ready for an autumn outing. We are sure you will get much more than knowledge from the exciting journey.1. In which paragraph does the writer make a summary about his opinion?A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 4.2.Why is going out a dream for many high school students?A．They are unhappy to do so.B．Their parents don’t allow them to do so.C．They have too much work to do for getting high marks in the exams.D．They think study is the most important thing for them.3.Which of the following ISN’T the reason for high school students’ going out?A．To improve their health. B．To invent a new product.C．To develop their creativity. D．To refresh themselves.4.The passage is developed mainly by______________.A. describing the beautiful scenery in AutumnB. pointing out the present situation of high school studentsC. making predictions (做预测)D. reasoning and giving examples5.What can you learn from the passage?A. We should take an optimistic attitude towards life.B. Nature is power.C. Going out can make high school students get more.D. The author isn’t happy with our education at all.1/ 1。
英语阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧
阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧教学目标➢ 1. 通过文章中的关键词、句，把握语篇的内容、主旨、作者的观点、态度及意图等。
➢ 2. 让学生掌握一定的阅读理解的解题技巧，提高学生分析问题、解决问题和综合运用英语语言的能力。
➢ 3.培养学生自主学习能力；让学生获得成功感的同时增强对英语阅读的信心。
1.考察写作目的的设问方式（1）考查整篇文章的写作目的The writer writes this passage in order to _____.T he writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.The purpose of this article is to …The passage is intended to…(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.2.常见的写作意图⑴整篇文章的写作意图：to persuade readers to buy something; 说服读者接受某种观点to sell a product or a service; 推销一种产品﹑一种服务to attract more visitors / readers / audience(旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍)(让读者得到某种启示或教育)to inform readers of some information（告知读者某些信息）⑵某处的写作意图文章的开头：作者在文章开头提出问题一般是为了让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关to draw the readers’ attention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion）三.. 标题类主旨大意题1.标题的设问方式①The best title / headline for this passage is②The text could be entitled …2. 选择标题的原则①新颖性原则，能够吸引眼球。
初中英语中考题型攻略题型二《阅读理解(练)》
题型二 阅读理解
文章详见《面对面》 • P208 Paragraph 8
8. The word “hazardous” in this paragraph probably means “ C ”.
A. wet
B. common
C. dangerous
D. burnable
题型二 阅读理解
方法 3 通过同义词或近义词猜测词义 Paragraph 9（2019广东省卷阅读B节选）
c. challenging.
d. boring.
题型二 阅读理解 阅读微技能2 词（组）义猜测（每年D篇必考1道）
方法 1 根据上下文语境猜测词义 Paragraph 5（2019云南阅读A节选）
Parents are selfless（无私的）. They even make great sacrifices to
Matt Lamb could have been one of those people. In 1987， Matt owned and ran his own restaurant in Chicago. But that year， a doctor told Matt that he had a cancer. So he closed the restaurant a year later and pursued his true passion（激情）—painting. Soon， Matt’s art drew national attention. 7. The underlined word “pursued” in this paragraph means “___A____”. A. took up B. put up C. gave up D. woke up
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)
阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。
具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。
在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
高考英语重点题型微技能精讲：阅读专项之推理判断题
Q1: How did I feel? delighted
Q2: Did I pass the Early Admission Exam?
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考， 能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不 能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本 人从事10多年教学经验总结出的超实用新高考英语专题复习讲义希望可以帮助 大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！
观点态度题
inclusive adj. 包容广阔的
“The ‘slash life’ mania(狂热) shows that, along with China’s economic
development, our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive, and it welcomes everyone’s self-fulfillment,” says Shi Yanrong, an associate researcher from Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences. “Young people no longer
隐含推断题 Read
34. What can we learn about Dr Wild and Dr Aplin’s experiment? A. They believed older tits chose colors at random. B. They knew exactly why tits followed the first nest builder. C. They discovered most tits used wool in building their nests. D. They assumed older tits were the ones to lead the trend.
高考英语 阅读微技能训练 细节理解题(2)
落堕市安心阳光实验学校阅读微技能训练4—细节理解题(2) 巩固练习(A)THE people have spoken –The Big Bang Theory is a worldwide sensation (引起轰动的事情). In January, the popular American sitcom earned its second People’s Choice Award for Best Network TV Comedy. As popular character Sheldon Cooper might say: “Bazinga!”, meaning “Gotcha”. In the US, the show’s popularity h as increased from an average of 8.31 million viewers per episode during season one to 18.61 million during the current, sixth season. So, how does The Big Bang Theory keep adding viewers after six years?According to Dan Martin, TV critic for The Guardian, the show’s focus on nerd (书呆子) culture “speaks to its viewers” in a way that Friends did in the 1990s with its focus on coffee-house culture. In 2013, being a geek (对电脑痴迷的人) in a lab coat is cool, and The Big Bang Theory’s characters, such as Howard and Raj, fit the bill.But being a nerd also means knowing your fantasy and sci-fi entertainment, and The Big Bang Theory is peppered (充满) with pop culture homages (敬意). Kenneth Andrews, writer at , notes that the show includes “references to cult fra nchises (备受推崇的剧目) such as Doctor Who, Star Trek, … Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter.” Viewers appreciate that the show’s characters love the same entertainment that they do. Leonard even dressed up as Frodo Baggins, the protagonist (主角) of Lord of the Rings, for Halloween, in season one episode The Middle-Earth Paradigm.But the show’s influence has extended even to the real setting that it satirizes (讽刺): the world of science. In November 2011, The Guardian reported that “there was a 10 percent increase[in the UK] in the number of students accepted to [university physics programs] between 2008-09, when The Big Bang Theory was first broadcast in the UK, and 2010-11.” And in January 2013, a group of biologists in Brazil named a bee species after Sheldon’s catchphrase (口头), “Bazinga!”, according to CNN’s Lightyears blog.Sounds like geeks the world over have a new rallying cry. Thanks, Sheldon.1. Which of the following statements about The Big Bang Theory is TRUE?A. The show is the second most popular sitcom in the US at present.B. The number of its viewers has increased by three times since it first came out.C. It inspired a group of biologists in Brazil to discover a new bee species.D. It has somewhat encouraged a number of UK students to take an interest in physics.2. What does the underlined word “fit the bill” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Become wealthy.B. Are just what is needed.C. Go against what is expected.D. Compete to pay for something.3. How does The Big Bang Theory attract so many viewers according to the text?A. It focuses on coffee-house culture like Friends once did.B. It teaches viewers some scientific knowledge in eve ry episode.C. It is about geeks and talks about popular culture and entertainment.D. It involves some classical sci-fi stories and satirizes the world of science.(B)FOR many die-hard fans, soccer is more than just a game. It’s a source of identity, a link to the culture of a place or region –and never more so than on derby (同城比赛) day. Those who support the victor gain bragging rights, renewed faith and increased optimism for the coming months. The losers’ supporters, on the other hand, earn wounded pride and dreams of revenge next time.To see this phenomenon in action, look no further than Spain’s national derby – Real Madrid versus FC Barcelona.On Feb 26, the two powerhouses staged a breathtaking showdown (一决胜负). Cristiano Ronaldo scored twice to lead Real Madrid to a 3-1 win.At Barcelona’s Camp Nou Stadium before Tuesday’s match, when thousands of Barcelona fans held up red and gold cards forming a big mosaic of the Catalan national flag, it became clear that this clash goes far beyond sports.According to the BBC, the rivalry (对立) goes back to the 1930s. Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, a Northeastern autonomous region in Spain where many people desire greater independence from the central Spanish government. After the Spanish Civil War, the government suppressed the Catalan language and culture.While the Catalonians and their club FC Barcelona fought to maintain their identity, Francisco Franco, the fascist ruler of Spain at that time, treated Real Madrid better. Throughout the years, FC Barcelona was a symbol of strength for the Catalan region. There is nothing Catalans enjoy more than beating Real Madrid – a team with strong links to Spain’s ruling family.But Real Madrid and FC Barcelona is not the only pair fighting for pride. Another fierce derby is between Boca Juniors and River Plate in Argentina. UK newspaper The Observer even placed attending the Argentinian event atop their list of “50 sporting things you must do before you die”.Both clubs originated in the La Boca district in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. In 1925, however, River moved to a wealthier district of the city. “Ju st seven kilometers separates these two fierce rivals but a huge class divide fuels their bitter hatred for each other,”noted The Observer. Some 70 percent of Argentines support either “aristocratic” River or the traditionally “working class” Boca.“It is a carnival-like atmosphere… Fans exchange songs and flares, and flag-burning is a regular occurrence,” the paper wrote.4. Why did the Barcelona fans make a big mosaic of the Catalan national flag?A. To represent Catalan identity.B. To call for a more united country.C. To show their love and support for Spain.D. To impress and entertain the audience.5. What is the biggest reason for Boca Juniors and River Plate’s rivalry?A. Different cultures.B. Different religions.C. Different social classes.D. The competition system.6. What is the article mainly about?A. What soccer fan culture is.B. Why derbies are so fierce.C. How derby came into being.D. How rivalry between two teams makes their game more interesting.(C)WHEN I signed up to volunteer as a team leader for the Special Olympics, I had no idea what it would entail (带来). Standing in the middle of the crowded gymnasium, I waited anxiously for my team of girls to be called. Suddenly, a small group of schoolgirls closed in on me.One young woman bounced clumsily toward me with such liveliness. Gravity seemed to have no effect on her. Strands of brown hair swayed back and forth in front of her blue eyes with every step, and a huge smile warmed her freckled face.I felt paralyzed as I realized she was heading directly toward me. She stood next to me, placed her arm on my shoulder, and said, “Hi, I’m Jane.”“Hi, I’m Sandy.”Then, moving even closer, she said: “Hi, Sandy. I’m Jane.”Smiling, I asked: “How are you, Jane?”“Fine,” she said.Just then the whistle announced the first event: abasketball-dribbling relay. The girls lined up behind the starting line, ready to dribble the ball to the other end of the court and back again.When it was Jane’s turn, she looked at me and said: “Watch, Sandy.I can do this.” As she attempted to dribble, her bouncing gait (步法) kept her from controlling the ball. With almost every step, Jane’s foot would kick the ball, sending it flying across the gymnasium.“You can do it, Jane!” I yelled..Her smile never faded as she happily retrieved (重新得到) the ball and resumed (再次开始) where she had left off. It took two more tripsacross the gymnasium before Jane was back at my side“I did good, didn’t I, Sandy?” Jane asked proudly. “Yes, you did fine.”Then, Jane on ce again placed her arm on my shoulder and declared: “Hi Sandy, I’m Jane.”“Yes, you are Jane, a wonderful young lady,” I responded, with a reassuring smile. This game continued throughout the other events.At the end of the day, each athlete received a ribbon. No one on my team came in first. Rankings weren’t important.Because of Jane, I now find joy in the little things. I know that winning isn’t the only thing that matters. When life sends me in an unexpected direction, I now get right back on course and start again, with a smile like hers.Every once in a while, I can feel her arm rest on my shoulder and hear her say: “Hi Sandy, I’m Jane. You did good.”7. When the author realized that Jane was coming toward her, she ______.A. felt surprised and didn’t know how to reactB. felt disappointed that Jane was on her teamC. was pleased because she liked her livelinessD. was a little frightened at her strange way of walking8. During the basketball-dribbling relay, Jane ______.A. would have given up without the author’s encouragementB. was dribbling at a fast speed despite her bouncing gaitC. failed to dribble the ball to the other end of the courtD. remained cheerful though she had some trouble controlling the ball9. When Jane said “I did good, didn’t I, Sandy?”, what was the author’s response?A. She agreed with her sincerely.B. She agreed for fear of hurting her self-esteem.C. She wondered why Jane was so confident.D. She worried that the result might disappoint her.10. What did the author learn from Jane?A. Independence and ambition.B. Responsibility and determination.C. Optimism and perseverance.D. Teamwork and an adventurous spirit.(D)ONE summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California to New Orleans, Louisiana. In the middle of the desert, I passed a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time when you’d be called a jerk (混蛋) for passing by somebody in need. Now you’re a fool for he lping. “I don’t want to get involved” seems to have become a national motto.Several days later I was thinking about the hitchhiker, about how I didn’t even lift my foot off the accelerator for him.“Does anyone stop any more?” I wondered. Blanche DuBois once said: “I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.” Was that possible these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey across the US without any money, just relying on the good will of others. What would happen? Would he find food, shelter and support?The idea intrigued (激起兴趣) me.The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never done something truly crazy. So I decided to really do it: travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. I would only accept offers of rides, food and places to sleep.For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states. I was treated kindly everywhere I went. I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger.In Nebraska, a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. I didn’t, so he g ave me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker in Michigan named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me a tent.I refused, but Tim insisted, packing it into my bag himself. I found people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food and gave me necessities. Those who had the least to give often gave the most.I’m grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter and their gifts. My faith in ordinary folks was renewed. It turns out you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.11. How did the author feel days after he refused to give the young mana ride?A. Guilty.B. Worried.C. Confused.D. Embarrassed.12. Why did the author decide to go on a hitchhiking journey without any money?A. To test his doubts about people’s kindness.B. To experience the culture of hitchhiking.C. To call for trust and love among people.D. To have a fun and cool birthday party.13. What does the underlined word “compassionate” in Paragraph 7 mean?A. Inspiring.B. Sympathetic.C. Passionate.D. Responsible.14. During the author’s journey, _____.A. he found his previous faith in people proved correctB. he was impressed that poor people were more eager to helpC. he made lots of friends and learned many practical survival skillsD. he didn’t receive as much help as he had expected。
中考英语阅读理解微技能训练
以偏概全
Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day, but he was just that on Saturday when he saved the lives of six runners during the mountain marathon （马拉松）in Baiyin, Gansu Province, in which 21 people lost their lives.
On May 22, 2021, the whole nation was saddened by the news that Chinese scientist Yuan Longping died.
Dr Yuan Longping worked most of his life growing better rice. As a result of his research, the Chinese people are no longer worried about getting starved. His great work also helped the world produce more and more rice.
Q: What ’s the best title of the story?______ A. The “Father of hybrid Rice”. B. How to grow rice. C. Different rice species.
Step 1: “抓” 抓首尾段/句 Step 2: 定原文： 主题句在文章的开头、结尾。 Step 3: 查选项 A选项是主题句People call him the Father of Hybrid Rice的同义替换。
高中英语读写整合微技能培养实践研究
3、课堂实践，分解微技能融入课堂教学。
4、磨课、议课，探索读后续写、概要写作技能培养课堂教学策略。
5、对比班级，检测微技能培养的有效性。（数据分析软件）
（三）反思改进阶段（2018年1月——2018年3月）
1、反思教学内容的科学性，改进教学内容。
2、典型案例分析，改进，再次实践，形成有效的教学策略。
（余下4页自行添加）
江苏邢文骏初步提出了解决概要写作问题的对策:结合时事,关注生活,激发学生思维；依据学情,关注主体,进行多元读写评价；研究《课程标准》,关注教材,处理好几个关系；准确输入,关注语境,提高语言输出质量；适时介入,关注中心,先读后写,以读定写；及时反馈,关注批阅,启发学生进行自我修正。
读后续写是首次出现在测试中，对于读后续写的教学研究国内外并不多见。王初明（2012）从理论上对读后续写的促学效应进行了论证，认为该法将语言输入与输出紧密结合，将语言的模仿与创造性使用有机结合，将语言的学习与运用切实结合，是提高外语学习效率的好方法。赵云利（2014）开展基于窄式阅读的续写写长研究，主要做法是先搜集材料并组织学生进行窄式阅读，以使学生积累好写作所需的背景信息和语言知识，接下来便为他们提供新的语境文本，并借鉴写长法的教学理念，要求学生基于文本进行续写写长，最后，针对学生续写文章的情况组织小组讨论和信息反馈。凌勇（2017）提出了读后分类关键词、写前分配关键词和写中回顾关键词的续写策略。薛静波（2016）通过阅读文本为读后续写搭建语言支架、内容支架、思维支架和情感支架的操作方法来开展写作教学。朱旭彬（2016）依据高考英语写作新题型读后续写的试题要求和评分标准，基于记叙文的体裁特征，提出了“读、析、思、写、校”五部曲课堂教学策略。这些教学策略的提出均给读后续写提供了参考，但尚未进行深入研究，细化到各个关键技能，形成学生长期、可迁移的写作能力。
阅读03 阅读理解微技能——推理判断题-2023年高考英语二轮复习
5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题
作者观点、态度题考查目标比较明确，题干一般都含有 according to the writer/author, attitude, opinion, believe, consider, regard等词或短语。
阅读03 阅读理解微技能—推理判断题之设问方式
1.What can we infer from...？/What can be inferred about...? 2.What can we learn about...？/What do we know about...? 3.Which of the following best describes...?
这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度外，有 的还考查作者对具体的某个人或事物的态度或评价。如作者对 陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立/犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的 人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。
阅读03 阅读理解微技能—推理判断题之肺腑之言
1、看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索---推理的 前提和基础。 2、透过现象看本质，通以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。 切忌用自己的观点 代替作者的本意。 4、善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。
√B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international. 推理判断题。依据题干定位细节，即上文第一段中的“...traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s official historian，told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much of its past，including many of its finest buildings.”，揣摩此细节可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现 代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
高考英语阅读微技能训练篇章结构题
阅读微技能训练5—篇章结构题(1) 篇章结构题主要考查学生把握文章的脉络、辨认文章总体行文结构及组织方式、判断组织结构功能的能力，如果文章是节选的，可能会要求考生推断文章前后未呈现的内容。
I. 三类篇章结构题的出题方式1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。
结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：How is the text organized?The author develops the passage mainly by ______ .The text is mainly developed in the order of _______ .Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：The author quoted ⋯words in...paragraph in order to make the article .3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。
其常见的题干表述方式如下：What would the author probably discuss in theparagraph that follows?Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? II 、解题策略[Example 1]: The Diet Zone: A Dangerous PlaceDiet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet ...We are surrounded by the word “diet ” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling theconsumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthyfoods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight forthe scale( 秤) instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet ” in food labels.On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe thatgain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is timeto seriously think about buying them. Loosing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.1. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?Tip 1 ：__________________________________________________________________________________ [Practice 1] The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings ：in pure science —a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning ；in applied science —a more reasonable shari ng of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.William Shakespeare said, “ The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线） , good and ill together. ” The above brief review of the application of only onepart of human activities —science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But doesit have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?( ① =Paragrah 1, ② =Paragrah 2, ③ =Paragrah 3, ④ =Paragrah 4, ⑤ =Paragrah 5) [Example 2] Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames. Somep eople called him Bagamo. They said his mouth looked like a large bag. Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world of music. Born in 1901 in New Orleans, Jazz was invented in the city a “Jazz and I grew up together. Armstrong showed a great at a boy 's home. In his late He played in parades, clubs, River. At that time, to many great musicians. respected as their equal.In 1922 he went to Chicago. There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins. From then until the end of his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went. Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song. His cornet playing had a deep humanity and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over. ” He was the father of the jazz style and also one of the best-known and most admired people in the world. His death, on July 6, 1971, was headline news around the world. 2. The whole passage is developed _________ . A. by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparison Tip 2： ___________________________________________________________________________________ 考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此 , 具备文体、写作方式 和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。
有效培养初中生英语阅读微技能的阅读课模式——以报刊阅读课Wish You Enough为例
ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄ ｂ ｙ ｅ ？ Ｗｈ ａ ｔ ｄ ｉ ｄ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｍ ｏ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｓ ａ ｙ ｔ ｏ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｄ ａ ｕ ｇ ｈ ｔ ｅ ｒ ？ 的 答 案 ，学
１ ６ ４ 体细节 ；（ ３ ）根据上下文推测生词词义 ； （ ４ ）作出简单的
判 断 、推 理 或 推 算 ； （ ５ ）理 解 文 章 的 脉 络 结 构 ；（ ６ ）揣 测
英语 阅读 首先是 “ 为 了得到 乐趣 ，为 了获 取信息 ” ， 阅读不应 只是为 了学 习语法 、词汇 ，更重要 的是通过 阅 读 ，获取新 的知识 ，提 高认知水 平，增强 分析和解 决 问 题 的 能 力 ， 当 然 ，通 过 阅 读 ，学 习 者 也 可 以 得 到 必 要 的 语言输 入，从而扩大词汇 量，增强语感 ，提高语言水平 。 因此 ，阅读 教学必须 以培养学生 阅读兴趣 为前提 ，以培 养和提 高 阅读技 能 ，具 体来说 是 以阅读 微技能 为重 点 ， 以培养语篇理解能力和通过阅读获取信息 的能力为 目标 ， 兼顾 学生对 语 言知识 的学 习，提 高其语 言水平 。 目前 ，
2020届中考英语完形阅读微技能指导与训练
完形填空微技能指导与训练完形填空是一种既对局部进行细节考查、又对整体进行宏观考查的试题类型，是一种考查语言知识综合运用能力的测试形式。
其要求考生根据文章的整体内容和结构，在区分其内在的逻辑关系的同时，选择符合文章情节的答案。
命题特点是“立足语境、强调推理、注重实际”。
中考完形填空采用的考试形式通常为：在一篇记叙性文章、短篇小说、议论文、科普文章、剧本、书信、电子邮件等大多数学生熟悉的长度为300～380词的文本中留出15个空白处，构成15个小题，每小题有4个选项，要求考生从中选出一个最佳答案，使内容完整、正确，构成一篇完整、可阅读的文本。
解题时，可先跳过空格，通读全文，了解文章大意。
然后结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。
接着瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。
最后复读全文、弥补疏漏、完形完义。
本部分根据完形填空一般解题规律，总结了以下解题技巧，如下面的思维导图所示。
第一节词语复现解题法词语复现解题法是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。
语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。
词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义词或近义词复现(包括近义词的同根词复现，如ill与sick)、上下义复现(即总括与分述，如animal是sheep，tiger等的上义词；rose是flower的下义词)、反义复现等。
1．Mrs Neidl would ask me for my ______.She wanted to know how I thought…She believed I had opinions，so I began to…()A.opinions B．informationC．inventions D．introduction【选A，原词复现】2．Stories of the super nature are common in all parts of Britain.In particular，there was(and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies(仙子)．Not all of these __1__ are the friendly，people-loving characters that appear in Disney films，and in some folk stories they are __2__ and cause much human suffering.This is true in the stories about the Changeling.()1.A.babies B．beliefsC．fairies D．supermen()2.A.powerful B．cruelC．frightened D．afraid【1.选C，原词复现；2.选B，反义复现】3．The art experts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to ______ the paint on the picture.These checks found trace(痕迹)of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.()A.try B．remove C．wash D．check【选D，原词复现】4．One woman's car，for example，went into the water.She woke up four feet under the ______ and thought it was raining.()A.grass B．land C．water D．beach【选C，原词复现】5．Unluckily, in some countries，waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers.When these rivers finally reach the __1__，they pollute the ocean.In many countries with __2__，human waste is piped directly into the sea without being dealt with…In 1989，an international law was passed to stop people putting waste into the sea.It is now against the __3__ to put anything into the sea nearby.()1.A.pool B．lakeC．spring D．sea()2.A.grassland B．sea coastsC．deserts D．mountains()3.A.school B．organization C．factory D．law【1.选D项，近义词复现；2.选B项，上下义复现；3.选D项，原词复现】第二节上下文语境逻辑推理解题法这类题主要是通过短文中上下文语境所给的信息进行解题。
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中的有效渗透
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中的有效渗透随着信息技术的发展，英语阅读教学方式也在不断地发展和改善。
然而，学生在英语阅读过程中所遇到的难点和问题也不断地出现。
为了提高学生的英语阅读能力，微技能在英语阅读教学中的应用开始受到广泛关注。
微技能指的是短小精悍、容易掌握且具有切实用途的技能。
在英语阅读教学中，微技能可以帮助学生快速而有效地处理和理解文章中的难点，同时提高学生阅读速度和阅读质量。
1. 扫读和略读扫读和略读是两种最基本的微技能。
扫读是在较短时间内快速浏览文章，以获取一般性信息，例如文章的主题、段落大意等。
略读是在更短的时间内通读全文，获取一些特定信息，例如文章中的关键词、数字、日期等。
扫读和略读可以有效地提高学生阅读时的效率，同时也能训练学生的快速阅读能力。
2. 关键词识别关键词是文章中最能概括文章主题的词语。
学生在阅读时如果能够识别出关键词，就能更快地理解和掌握文章的内容。
因此，教师可以根据文章的主题和内容，提前教授相关的关键词，帮助学生在阅读时快速识别出这些词语。
3. 推断词义学生在阅读时遇到生词或不熟悉的词汇时，可以通过上下文的内容来推断词汇的含义。
这种推断词义的微技能可以帮助学生更迅速地理解文章的内容，同时提高学生的词汇应用能力。
4. 常识判断阅读时，有一些内容是跟学生的生活、经验和常识相关的。
而学生掌握的常识越丰富，就可以更快地理解文章内容，甚至可以自己预测出文章的发展方向。
因此，教师可以在教授文章时，注意培养学生的常识运用能力，同时鼓励学生对文章内容进行推测和预测。
5. 内容概括内容概括是学生在阅读中产生的一个较为高级的微技能。
学生需要从大量的信息中提取出文章的主题和主要内容，并在短时间内进行概括。
这种微技能可以帮助学生更好地掌握文章的内容，并提高学生的综合阅读能力。
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对学生英语阅读的微技能培养对学生英语阅读的微技能培养：在阅读教学过程中教师应把注意力集中在培养学生的阅读能力上,指导学生有意识地运用阅读策略, 帮助学生掌握阅读技能, 培养学生阅读的动力和能力, 激发自主阅读的兴趣, 让学生有自主选择权, 让学生成为阅读的主体。
阅读是获取英语语言知识和训练基本技能的主要途径。
掌握一定的阅读微技能并适时、适当、适量对之进行评价, 是提高英语阅读水平, 进一步提高英语学习的重要途径。
阅读的微技能包括: 扫描的技能、领会大意、绕过生词理解文章涵义、发现事实、把握顺序、利用语境、归纳总结和学会推测等能力。
教师应充分考虑各项阅读微技能的配置问题, 在指导学生阅读时, 将发展阅读各项微技能的顺序考虑进去, 按照一定的顺序首先发展难度较低的微技能, 然后进阶到难度较高的微技能,最后实现各种微技能的综合运用。
这样, 学生的阅读能力才能真正发展起来。
学生的阅读微技能培养包括:一、预测能力的训练与评价教师可在课堂教学的具体活动中训练学生的这一主动思考的能力。
可操作的方法有: 通过读前活动将学生引入特定的情景中, 找出阅读定位; 通过标题或关键词启发学生已有的相关背景知识; 也可以在读完一段后预测作品的其余内容, 或在读完作品的大部分后续写结尾。
在学生仔细阅读一篇文章之前, 可以让他们猜想一下会在文章中读到那些内容。
比如一些和文章题目相关的专业知识是否可以帮助他们预测文章中可能包含的内容。
看完题目, 可以想一下关于这个题目学生知道多少, 不知道多少。
或者可以设想一些看完文章后学生是否能够回答的问题。
这些准备可以帮助他们更快、更准确地确定文章的主旨。
Ex ample: How to Give a Good Speech? 根据标题我们就可猜测该篇是有关演讲技巧的文章。
Ex ample: The students are good at reading and writing , but when it comes to listening speaking , it is another case. 根据but 这个词我们可以预测到学生在听说能力上存在着困难。
二、浏览浏览就是将文章快速地读一遍然后找到文章的主旨。
文章的下列部分应该值得注意: 标题、副标题、有关作者的细节、摘要、介绍性的段落、每一段的第一、二句话和最后一句话。
关注这些部分可以使你了解文章的主旨, 对文章有一个总体而非细节的了解。
这种阅读方法可以被描述为快速地看一本书、一个章节或一篇文章等, 来决定它是否符合你的要求。
三、扫描扫描和浏览不同, 扫描是为了寻找某些特定的词句而不是文章的整体, 关注的是细节而非主旨。
当你阅读一篇文章时, 你可能仅仅想找一个百分数或者某个特定历史时间的发生时间, 而不是这篇文章的主旨。
扫描可以帮你更有效地找到这些信息。
四、详细的阅读第二遍和第三遍阅读文章的时候, 应该注意次要的主旨和那些支持、解释和发展主旨的细节部分。
这也可以说是更加全面的阅读, 一个更慢更认真的阅读过程。
这一阶段你可以试着猜一下不熟悉的单词的意思。
五、培养猜词能力教师应使学生认识到根据上下文推断词义的重要性。
猜词的具体方法有: 利用构词法来辨认同义词、反义词; 利用关联词在文中的作用进行逻辑推断, 把握其在语篇层次上所起的连接、指代、反证等作用, 从而提高语篇分析能力。
通常你不太可能认识一篇文章中所有的单词, 尤其是在读第一遍的时候,你可以利用上下文和自己所拥有的专业知识来猜测这些单词的意思。
在你第一遍阅读文章的时候, 最好不要停下来查字典, 这会打断你的阅读进程和理解。
通常随着阅读的进行, 你会理解这些原本不认识的单词和短语。
字典将在后面的阶段使用。
在利用上下文猜测单词意思的时候, 要先参考离该单词最近的内容, 再逐渐扩大到更大的范围。
最近的内容就是该单词所在的句子, 或者是这个句子的前后两个句子。
更大的范围包括该段落的其他句子甚至该文章的其他段落。
这些内容都可以为你猜测单词提供重要的信息。
如: Among all the malig nancies, lung cancer is the big gest killer : mo re t han 100, 000 Amer icans die of this disease each year. 根据lung cancer is the bigg est killer 这句可以猜出ma.. lignancies 是malignancy 的复数形式, lung cancer 是绝症, 属于malignancies 中的一种, 因此malig nancies 是恶性肿瘤。
六、把握中心意思你应该练习识别包含在文章中的中心意思。
在扫描的过程中你可能已经确认了一些中心意思, 在读第二和第三遍的时候, 你可以更加全面地理解它们。
文章的每个段落都包含一个中心意思, 它们往往都涉及到段落的主题。
阅读材料所提供的练习会帮助你确定和理解文章的中心意思。
判断一篇文章的重要性和是否满足你的需要, 理解中心意思是非常重要的,同时你也可以理解文章的结构。
Ex ample:Afternoo n teais now part o f o rdinary life fo r many people in Brita in. What co uld be better than inviting a few f riends and making them after no on tea on a sunny afternoon?本段只有两句话, 句句在谈论英国的下午茶, 所以本段的to pic 就是afterno on tea.七、推断有时作者在文章里的表达并不是直接的, 作者会暗示一些东西并把它留给读者去推断和理解。
当作者这样做时, 它需要读者有一定的知识面比如专业或文化方面的知识。
推断作者的意图在理解一篇文章的过程中有时是很重要的。
八、理解文章的结构文章的结构有很多种, 把握这些结构可以帮助学生更好地理解文章。
比如作者希望着重指一种情况, 讨论一个问题或者计划一个解决方案, 往往都会使用特殊的文章结构。
或者作者想要比较两种观点, 那么就会从两种适用的文章结构中来选择一种。
与文章结构有关的另一个特征是作者对时间的运用。
如果描写一系列的事件或者一个过程, 作者往往会使用时间顺序, 事件会在它们发生的时间被叙述。
也有一些作者会用其他的方法来叙述这样的一系列事件, 比如用过去和现在对比的方法。
九、确定作者的意图一旦理解了文章的结构, 学生会更清楚地理解作者的意图。
文章的结构会受到作者意图的影响, 作者的意图可能是告知或者劝说, 他会根据他的意图来为文章选择一种结构或风格。
作者也可能在一篇文章中体现两种意图告知和劝说,在这种情况下最好确定哪种意图是作者的主要意图。
十、评价作者的态度作者在文章中所表现的态度并不一定是中立的或者客观的, 尤其是在他们试图说服读者同意他们的意见时。
理解作者的态度和文章的主旨或者提供的信息之间的关系就显得尤为重要。
这是因为, 作者的态度会影响文章中信息的表达方式。
你应该着眼于确定作者态度的方法, 以及评价作者态度是保持中立还是带有偏见。
学生阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的动态的过程。
在阅读教学过程中教师应把注意力集中在培养学生的阅读能力上,指导学生有意识地运用阅读策略, 帮助学生掌握阅读技能, 培养学生阅读的动力和能力, 激发自主阅读的兴趣, 让学生有自主选择权, 让学生成为阅读的主体。
同时, 制定一定的测试性评价试题, 辅助英语阅读教学, 训练学生阅读水平, 检测阅读效果与教学效果, 改进教师教学方法, 使英语阅读的教与学朝着良性方向发展, 从而最终达到实现终身英语学习的目的。
书籍目录：Part I Word Guessing猜词Unit 1 Guessing Word from Cause and Result通过原因与结果关系猜词Unit 2 Guessing Word from Comparison and Contrast通过比较与对照的关系猜词Unit 3 Guessing Word from Synonym and 'Antonym通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词Unit 4 Guessing Word from Word Formation通过构词法猜词Unit 5 Guessing Word from Definition and Explanation通过定义和解释猜词Unit 6 Guessing Word from Description and Exemplification通过描述和例证猜词Part II Skimming for General Ideas捕捉中心思想Unit 1 Skimming for Topic Sentences捕捉主题句Unit 2 Skimming for Key Words捕捉关键词. Unit 3 Skimming for Titles捕捉标题Unit 4 Skimming for Main Ideas of Paragraphs捕捉段落大意Unit 5 Skimming for Main Ideas of the Articles捕捉文章中心思想Part III Scanning for Specific Information扫读具体信息Unit 1 Scanning for Numbers扫读数字Unit 2 Scanning for Certain Facts扫读特定事实Unit 3 Scanning for Logic Clues扫读逻辑提示Unit 4 Scanning for Chronological Order扫读时间顺序Unit 5 Scanning for Spatial Order扫读空间顺序Unit 6 Scanning for Relative lmportance扫读主次顺序Part IV Careful Reading for Deeper Meaning研读深层含义Unit 1 Careful Reading for Writer's Auitude研读作者意图Unit 2 Careful Reading for Implied Meaning揣摩寓意Unit Careful Reading for lnference研读时注意推断Unit Careful Reading for Conclusion研读作者结论Part V Background Knowledge Finding and Using寻找和使用背景知识Unit 1 Searching for Background lnformation扫读背景信息Unit 2 Understanding Charts，Diagrams，Signs and Notes理解表格、图表、标志和通告Unit 3 Understanding Hidden Messages with the Help of Background Knowledge 通过背景知识理解隐藏含义Unit 4 Understanding Humours and Jokes with the Help of Background Knowledge 通过背景知识理解幽默。