2017雅思阅读考试真题(1)

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雅思阅读题及答案解析

雅思阅读题及答案解析雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017不要为已消逝之年华叹息，须正视欲匆匆溜走的时光，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017，希望能给大家带来帮助!Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry's greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title "Thoughts on Music" has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is "digital rights management" (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple's DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has "locked in" customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of "state-sponsored piracy". Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? "This is clearly the best alternative for consumers," he declares, "and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat."D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe's regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, "those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free." Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple's. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related "lock in".F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM's defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs's argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs'idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?A. DRM places restrictions on consumer'choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word "unfazed" in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?A. Sony would gain the most profit.B. More customers would be “locked in”.C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from ReadingPassage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he chan ges his mind with a possible expectation that Europe's regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companie s to sell their music DRM-free.Notes to Reading Passage 11. low-key：抑制的，受约束的，屈服的2. showman：开展览会的`人，出风头的人物3. unassuming：谦逊的，不夸耀的，不装腔作势的4. iPod：(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器5. iTunes store：(苹果公司出产的)在线音乐商店6. get off person's back: 不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠7. gravitate: 受吸引，倾向于8. unfazed: 不再担忧，不被打扰Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-131. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph A "… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store."2. FALSESee the third senten ce in Paragraph A "…At issue is 'digitalrights management' (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft."3. TRUESee the fourth sentence in Paragraph A "Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another."4. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph B "It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has 'locked in' customers."5. NOT GIVENThe third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. "Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)."6. FALSESee the last sentence in Paragraph E "So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related 'lock in'".7. NOT GIVENSee the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony "Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility."8. BSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation."9. CSee the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context "Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today."10. ASee the last four sentences of Paragraph F "Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most."11. the iTunes storeSee the second sentence of Paragraph C "They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM."12. withdraw their cataloguesSee the third sentence of Paragraph C "They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised."13. produce security fixesSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly."14. redirect their energiesSee the second sentence of Paragraph D "Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free."【雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017】。

2017年10月28日雅思阅读机经真题及答案解析

【导语】2017年10⽉28⽇雅思阅读考试已结束，以下是整理的2017年10⽉28⽇雅思阅读机经真题及答案解析，仅供参考。

⼀、考试概述：本次考试的⽂章两篇旧题⼀篇新题，第⼀篇是关于长寿的影响因素，第⼆篇是跟英国农村房屋的分布相关的，第三篇介绍了游戏对记忆的好处。

⼆、具体题⽬分析 Passage 1：题⽬: 长寿的影响因素题型：暂⽆新旧程度：新题⽂章⼤意：暂⽆参考⽂章：暂⽆参考答案：暂⽆ Passage 2：题⽬：Exploring the British Village 题型：标题配对7+填空题6 新旧程度：旧题⽂章⼤意：英国村庄参考答案：段落细节配对: 1. iv 2. v 3. i 4. vii 5. viii 6. ix 7. ii 填空题： 8. cottage 9. Domesday Book 10. self sufficient 11. remnants 12. defense 13. triangular (答案仅供参考) Passage 3：题⽬: Video-games’ Unexpected Benefits to Human Brain(游戏的好处) 题型：单选题4 +判断题4+⼈名配对5 新旧程度：旧题⽂章⼤意：讲游会对⼤脑产⽣哪些好处，⽐如会让孩⼦聪明，教授孩⼦⾼级思维⽅式，真正锻炼⼤脑，能让孩⼦思考如何更好的分配资源，如何合作等等。

参考⽂章： Video Games’ Unexpected Benefits to Human Brain A James Paul Gee, professor of education at the University of Wisconsin Madison, played his first video game years ago when his six-year-old son Sam was playing Pajama Sam: No Need to Hide When It’s Dark Outside. He wanted to play the game so he could support Sam’s problem solving. Though Pajama Sam is not an “educational game”, it is replete with the types of problems psychologists study when they study thinking and learning. When he saw how well the game held Sam’s attention, he wondered what sort of beast a more mature video game might be. B Video and computer games, like many other popular, entertaining and addicting kid’s activities, are looked down upon by many parents as time wasters, and worse, parents think that these games rot the brain. Violent video games are readily blamed by the media and some experts as the reason why some youth become violent or commit extreme anti-social behavior. Recent content analyses of video games show that as many as 89% of games contain some violent content, but there is no form of aggressive content for 70% of popular games. Many scientists and psychologists, like James Paul Gee, find that video games actually have many benefits - the main one being making kids smart. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skills that they will need in the future. C “Video games change your brain,” according to University of Wisconsin psychologist Shawn Green. Video games change the brain’s physical structure the same way as do learning to read, playing the piano, or navigating using a map. Much like exercise can build muscle, the powerful combination of concentration and rewarding surges of neurotransmitters like dopamine, which strengthens neural circuits, can build the player’s brain. D Video games give your child’s brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at school. Some of the mental skills trained by video games include: following instructions, problem solving, logic, hand-eye coordination, fine motor and spatial skills. Research also suggests that people can learn iconic, spatial, and visual attention skills from video games. There have been even studies with adults showing that experience with video games is related to better surgical skills. Jacob Benjamin, doctor from Beth Israel Medical Center NY, found a direct link between skill at video gaming and skill at keyhole or laparoscopic surgery. Also, areason given by experts as to why fighter pilots of today are more skillful is that this generation’s pilots are being weaned on video games. E The players learn to manage resources that are limited, and decide the best use of resources, the same way as in real life. In strategy games, for instance, while developing a city, an unexpected surprise like an enemy might emerge. This forces the player to be flexible and quickly change tactics. Sometimes the player does this almost every second of the game giving the brain a real workout. According to researchers at the University of Rochester, led by Daphne Bavelier, a cognitive scientist, games simulating stressful events such as those found in battle or action games could be a training tool for real world situations. The study suggests that playing action video games primes the brain to make quick decisions. Video games can be used to train soldiers and surgeons, according to the study. Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad is Good For You: How Today’s Popular Culture, says gamers must deal with immediate problems while keeping their long-term goals on their horizon. Young gamers force themselves to read to get instructions, follow storylines of games, and get information from the game texts.。

剑桥雅思17 Test2 Passage1阅读原文及答案解析

剑桥雅思17 Test2 Passage1阅读原文及答案解析第1段In late 1946 or early 1947, three Bedouin teenagers were tending their goats and sheep near the ancient settlement of Qumran, located on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea in what is now known as the West Bank. One of these young shepherds tossed a rock into an opening on the side of a cliff and was surprised to hear a shattering sound. He and his companions later entered the cave and stumbled across a collection of large clay jars, seven of which contained scrolls with writing on them. The teenagers took the seven scrolls to a nearby town where they were sold for a small sum to a local antiquities dealer. Word of the find spread, and Bedouins and archaeologists eventually unearthed tens of thousands of additional scroll fragments from 10 nearby caves; together they make up between 800 and 900 manuscripts. It soon became clear that this was one of the greatest archaeological discoveries ever made.第2段The origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls, which were written around 2,000 years ago between 150 BCE and 70 CE, is still the subject of scholarly debate even today. According to the prevailing theory, they are the work of a population that inhabited the area until Roman troops destroyed the settlement around 70 CE. The area was known as Judea at that time, and the people are thought to have belonged to a group called the Essenes, a devout Jewish sect.第3段The majority of the texts on the Dead Sea Scrolls are in Hebrew, with some fragments written in an ancient version of its alphabet thought to have fallen out of use in the fifth century BCE. But there are other languages as well. Some scrolls are in Aramaic, the language spoken by many inhabitants of the region from the sixth century BCE to the siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. In addition, several texts feature translations of the Hebrew Bible into Greek.第4段The Dead Sea Scrolls include fragments from every book of the Old Testament of the Bible except for the Book of Esther. The only entire book of the Hebrew Bible preserved among the manuscripts from Qumran is Isaiah; this copy, dated to the first century BCE, is considered the earliest biblical manuscript still in existence. This article is from laokaoya website. Along with biblical texts, the scrolls include documents about sectarian regulations and religious writings that do not appear in the Old Testament.第5段The writing on the Dead Sea Scrolls is mostly in black or occasionally red ink, and the scrolls themselves are nearly all made of either parchment (animal skin) or an early form of paper called ‘papyrus’. The only exception is the scroll numbered 3Q15, which was created out of a combination of copper and tin. Known as the Copper Scroll, this curious document features letters chiselled onto metal – perhaps, as some have theorized, to better withstand the passage of time. One of the most intriguingmanuscripts from Qumran, this is a sort of ancient treasure map that lists dozens of gold and silver caches. Using an unconventional vocabulary and odd spelling, it describes 64 underground hiding places that supposedly contain riches buried for safekeeping. None of these hoards have been recovered, possibly because the Romans pillaged Judea during the first century CE. According to various hypotheses, the treasure belonged to local people, or was rescued from the Second Temple before its destruction or never existed to begin with.第6段Some of the Dead Sea Scrolls have been on interesting journeys. In 1948, a Syrian Orthodox archbishop known as Mar Samuel acquired four of the original seven scrolls from a Jerusalem shoemaker and part-time antiquity dealer, paying less than $100 for them. He then travelled to the United States and unsuccessfully offered them to a number of universities, including Yale. Finally, in 1954, he placed an advertisement in the business newspaper The Wall Street Journal – under the category ‘Miscellaneous Items for Sale’ – that read: ‘Biblical Manuscripts dating back to at least 200 B.C. are for sale. This would be an ideal gift to an educational or religious institution by an individual or group.’ Fortunately, Israeli archaeologist and statesman Yigael Yadin negotiated their purchase and brought the scrolls back to Jerusalem, where they remain to this day.第7段In 2017, researchers from the University of Haifa restored and deciphered one of the last untranslated scrolls. The university’s Eshbal Ratson and Jonathan Ben-Dov spent one year reassembling the 60 fragments that make up the scroll. Deciphered from a band of coded text on parchment, the find provides insight into the community of people who wrote it and the 364-day calendar they would have used. The scroll names celebrations that indicate shifts in seasons and details two yearly religious events known from another Dead Sea Scroll. Only one more known scroll remains untranslated.2剑桥雅思17 Test2 Passage1阅读答案解析第1题答案：rock对应原文：第1段：One of these young shepherds tossed a rock into an opening on the side of a cliff and was surprised to hear a shattering sound.答案解析：根据题目上一行的opening on the side of cliff定位到第1段的这句话，空前词threw与toss同义替换，由修饰关系确定rock为正确答案。

雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析

雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析赶脚的对头是脚懒，学习的对头是自满。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!From The Economist print editionHow shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. Thechallenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bough t the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but wasless pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 1-6Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.2. In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.3. According to Mr. Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do nothave to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 7-12Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write YES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contraicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life. Answer keys：1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行：Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increaseimpulse buying using this phenomenon.)4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语“get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的.试验要等到春天才开始)8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)9. 答案：YES。

2017年7月雅思真题回忆及解析

2017年7月雅思真题回忆及解析学习是一个长期坚持的过程，对于考试而言，每天进步一点点，基础扎实一点点，日积月累，考试就会更容易一点点。

无忧考网搜集整理了2017年7月雅思真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。

2017年7月举行了4场考试，考试时间为7月8日、7月15日、7月20日、7月29日。

以下内容仅供参考。

7月8日雅思口语真题回忆：Describe a time you were not allowed to use your mobile phone.You should say:when and where it was;why you were not allowed to use your phone;what you wanted to use your phone for;and explain how you felt about not being able to use your phone.解析：题目要求描述你不被允许用手机的时刻，这种时刻可以时某个重要的场合，比如考试，开会等等。

题目中的问题要素都要一一作答。

Last Monday, I went to visit a famous grand museum that is located in the center of the city. The administrator said that we are not allowed to use our mobile phones and cameras during the visit because taking photographs of exhibitions are not allowed. I obeyed the rules, handed in my mobile phone and other personal stuff and enjoyed the visit. Suddenly, it occurred to me that I didn’t tell my mom that I would be late for home and I took the only keys of my home. She possibly couldn’t get into the rooms if she came home earlier than me. Then I couldn’t focus on my visit. I wanted to use my mobile phone to call her. But the workers in the museum told me that they could only return our mobile phones after the visit is over, otherwise they will shoulder the responsibility of any loss of visitors’ stuff.I was worried and restless all the time during the following visit.This is the first time that I wanted to use my phone so much. I felt a great sense of unease and danger if I lost the contacts by mobile phones. The most key point is we are in the era of science and technology. Mobile phones have become the most common product that most people have access to. It has become a normal habit that whenever you wanna use it, you can use it. If you can’t, it seems thatyou’re deprived of some basic need. We often say that we rely too much on our electronic devices, but I have to say they are really helpful in all sorts of emergencies.Describe a challenging experience you hadYou should say:What experience it was;When you had it;Why it was challenging;And explain how you felt about it.解析：话题要求描述一项颇有挑战性的经历，可以是重大考试、求职等比较重要的人生经历，也可以是学习一项技能等比较细节的经历。

2017年最新雅思考试阅读考题回顾精品

【海口朗阁】雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王上考试日期：2014年10月18日Reading Passage 1Title: Undergraduate Students Study DramaQuestion types:TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 4题表格填空题9题文章内容回顾文学专业的学生学习戏剧，列举了不同时代的四种剧院的特点，戏剧的发展和影响，让学生观看英国不同时期的不同戏剧。

相关英文原文阅读This degree course combines the theory and practice of drama. Thetwo approaches are not merely complementary, but are indivisible in the study of drama and theatre at degree level.The main teaching modes compriseseminar discussion and practical workshop sessions, which explore playtexts, theoretical writings, performance traditions and techniques, and examine the theatre’srole and function in society throughout history. European, American and non-Western theatre traditions are studied as well as British theatre.Modules in Technical theatre, lighting, sound, set and costume, television drama, and playwriting are also available. Practical work takes place primarily in the Department’s theatre and studios. The Sir Robert Martin Theatre seats an audience of up to 300 and has a proscenium arch, which is easily adapted to accommodate otherforms of production. The LeonardDixon Studio and the Stanley Evernden Studio are flexible spaces seating up to 86 and 45 respectively.Studying AbroadOur courses enable you to study for a selected period of time in international destinations such as the USA, Canada, Singapore and continental Europe.AssessmentThe course is assessed solely through coursework, using various methods according to the module being studied. Methods include: essays/reflective work, seminar participation, online in-class tests,Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinationsannotated bibliographies, performance projects, in-classpresentations, research projects, workbook/log books, group work & peer assessments and dissertation.题型难度分析第一篇的题型包括是非无判断题和表格填空题。

2017年雅思英语考试阅读测试试题

2017年雅思英语考试阅读测试试题Never give up, Never lose the opportunity to succeed.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思英语考试阅读测试试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!Hackers target the home front1. One of the UK's leading banks has been forced to admit that organised hacking gangs have been targeting its executives. For the past year, Royal Bank of Scotland has been fighting systematic attempts to break into its computer systems from hackers who have sent personalised emails containing keyloggers to its senior management. This has included executives up to board level and is now the subject of a separate investigation by the Serious and Organised Crime Agency.2. The hackers are homing in on the trend for people to work from home. The hackers make the assumption that the computers being used outside the work environment are more vulnerable than those protected by a corporate IT department.Growing threat3. For companies it is a growing threat as home working increases: a recent survey from the Equal Opportunities Commission found that more than 60% of the UK's population wants the option of flexible working.4. And the hackers are employing increasingly sophisticated techniques. Each email they send is meticulously built to make it attractive to its target, who the criminals have carefully researched by trawling the internet for information. Once the email is composed, the malware is just as carefully designed: it is often modified to avoid detection by security software.5. The keylogger contained in the email installs itself automatically and then collects details of logins and passwords from the unsuspecting user. This means that hackers can, using the usernames and passwords stolen by the keyloggers, connect to VPNs, or Virtual Private Networks, which many companies use to create an encrypted pathway into their networks.6. Once inside a bank's network, the hackers can communicate directly with computers holding account information and manipulate funds.7. Has this actually happened? In some cases sources claim that the login details of VPNs have been obtained and used though there has been no confirmation that any losses have occurred as a result. The attacks are not believed to have focused on RBS but to have been across the whole of the banking industry.8. Royal Bank of Scotland said that the bank had suffered no losses as a result of the attacks and added: "RBS has extremely robust processes in place in order to protect our systems from fraud. Trojan email attacks are an industry-wide issue and are not isolated to a particular area ora particular bank."9. It is not just banks that have been targets. Last year attempts were made to steal information from the Houses of Parliament using malicious email. Messagelabs, the company responsible for monitoring much of the email traffic of the government and big business for suspect software, said at the beginning of the year that criminals have been evolving more sophisticated techniques to attack corporate networks.10. According to Mark Sunner, chief technology officer of Messagelabs, the number of malicious emails targeted at individuals has been increasing. Two years ago they were being seenonce every two months, but now they are seeing one or two a day. This has been accompanied by an increase in quality in the creation of Trojans and spyware.11. "The hackers are now aiming to take over computers, particularly those of home users. Some of the malicious software that we are routinely seeing for that purpose will have its own antivirus system built into it so that they can kill off the programs of their competitors."Increased vigilance12. Tony Neate, the head of Get Safe Online, a government-funded organisation set up to raise awareness among UK businesses of computer criminals, says: "There is now an attempt to target individuals within UK businesses - including the banking sector. What is happening is that crime is doing what it always does, which is look for the weakest link. Home working is where they perceive a weakness.13. "This points to a need for increased vigilance and security by those working from home and by those responsible for letting them work from home. For home working to be effective, security needs to be as effective as if working in an office."(667 words)Questions 1-4 Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.1. What do the hackers use to attack the computer system of the Royal Bank of Scotland?2. Which word is most likely to be used by hackers to describe home computers?3. What do the majority of people in the UK prefer?4. How do hackers collect information so as to compose emails?5. What do hackers obtain illegally to gain access to banks’ computer network?Questions 5-12 Complete the sentences below with words from the passage.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.6. The use of login details of VPNs by criminals does not necessarily result in any ______________.7. Royal Bank of Scotland claimed that they are not the only victim of ______________.8. Corporate networks will be another target of hackers with improved _______________.9. The attacks on individuals have been greatly increased within _______________.10. With ________________, software used by criminals can eliminate its competing programs.11. Home users are chosen as a target because they are considered as a __________ .12. Get Safe Online is calling for an increase in _____________ to ensure safe home working.Answers Keys:1.答案：personalised emails/keyloggers (见第1段第2句：For the past year, Royal Bank of Scotland has been fighting systematic attempts to break into its computer systems from hackers who have sent personalised emails containing keyloggers to its senior management.)2.答案：vulnerable (见第2段：The hackers make the assumption that the computers being used outside the work environment are more vulnerable than those protected by a corporate IT department. )3. 答案：flexible working (见第3段: For companies it is a growing threat as home working increases: a recent survey from the Equal Opportunities Commission found that more than 60% of the UK's population wants the option of flexible working.)4. 答案：trawling (the) internet (见第4段第2句：Each email they send is meticulouslybuilt to make it attractive to its target, who the criminals have carefully researched by trawling the internet for information.)5. 答案：logins and passwords/usernames and passwords (见第5段第第1、2句：The keylogger contained in the email installs itself automatically and then collects details of logins and passwords from the unsuspecting user. This means that hackers can, using the usernames and passwords stolen by the keyloggers, …)6. 答案：losses (见第7段第2句：In some cases sources claim that the login details of VPNs have been obtained and used though there has been no confirmation that any losses have occurred as a result.)7. 答案：Trojan email attacks (见第8段最后1句：Trojan email attacks are an industry-wide issue and are not isolated to a particular area or a particular bank.)8. 答案：techniques (见第9段最后1句：…said at the beginning of the year that criminals have been evolving more sophisticated techniques to attack corporate networks. )9. 答案：two years (见第10段第1、2句：According to Mark Sunner, chief technology officer of Messagelabs, the number of malicious emails targeted at individuals has been increasing. Two years ago they were being seen once every two months, but now they are seeing one or two a day.)10.答案：(an) antivirus system (见第11段："The hackers are now aiming to take over computers, particularly those of home users. Some of the malicious software that we are routinely seeing for that purpose will have its own antivirus system built into it so that they can kill off the programs of their competitors." )11. 答案：weakness (见第12段最后1句：Home working is where they perceive a weakness. )12. 答案：vigilance and security (见第13段："This points to a need for increased vigilance and security by those working from home and by those responsible for letting them work from home. For home working to be effective, security needs to be as effective as if working in an office.")。

精编版-2017年10月雅思真题回忆及解析1

2017年10月雅思真题回忆及解析世上的事，只要肯用心去学，没有一件是太晚的。

你只要记住你的今天比昨天进步了一点，那么你离你的梦想也就更近了一步。

无忧考网搜集整理了2017年10月雅思真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。

2017年10月举行了4场考试，考试时间为10月5日、10月14日、10月21日、10月28日。

以下内容仅供参考。

10月5日雅思口语真题回忆：P2Describe a rule at your school that you agree or disagree.You should say:What it isWhy it is madeWhat are the consequences of breaking the ruleAnd explain why you agree or disagreeP3Should companies have rules?Should companies decide how long the working hours are?What kinds of rules do Chinese families have?Do you think strict rules are necessary in schools?Should students involve in rule-making?P2解析：题目要求描绘一个你赞成或不赞成的一个校规，该题的立意角度很多，如描述不赞成的校规：女生必须剪短发、全体学生必须穿校服等等。

Though I really love my school life, there is one rule that I could hardly agree.We are all required to wear the school uniform every day. I know that this rule is made to ensure that we wouldn’t distract our attention from study or we wouldn’t compare with our classmates on something like brand clothes. But it is really distressing to wear the same clothes everyday, not to mention that the school uniform are all very loose and especially not friendly to short and thin girls. Besides, since we are not allowed to wear other clothes, shoes become the only thing that could distinguish us from other people. So shoes, especially brand shoes suddenly has become what everyone likes. If any student breaks the rule intentionally, they would face severe punishment, which is detention. It seems that teachers are especially fond of this kind of punishment and they would order anyone who violates the discipline to detent. In my opinion, the reason why teachers, including parents, are positive about the uniformed dress or detention is that it requires little effort, and they believe if children will learn to be disciplined if they are punished.I am totally against the rule because I think as teenagers, we have the right to express our comprehension of beauty by choosing the clothes we wear. More importantly, it is a sign of respect and confidence. I think the right value should be nurtured through guidance, not harsh rules.鲜有人知的地方P2Describe an interesting place that few people knowYou should say:Where it isWhen you go thereWhat you can do thereAnd explain why few people know thereP3What kinds of tourist sites are popular in your country?What can government do to prevent pollution in tourist sites?What are the advantages of visiting less known places?What are the disadvantages when there are too many tourists in one site?P2解析：题目要求描述一个很少有人知道的但很有趣的地方。

雅思阅读真题及参考答案

雅思阅读真题及参考答案2017雅思阅读真题及参考答案在准备雅思阅读复习的时候，可以通过做一些真题来提高做题效率。

为此店铺为大家带来雅思考试阅读真题以及参考答案。

雅思考试阅读真题及答案The Afghan army says at least ten members of the T aliban have been beheaded by rival militants from the Islamic State group in the east of the country. The beheadings followed weeks of fierce fightings between the two groups. Mark Lobell reports from Kabul.“The revelations emerged in a secret memo from the Afghan army’s 201th Col mistaken ly sent to the media on Wednesday. The document says that a Taliban attack on a government-held area in the remote action district close to the border with Pakistan was repelled by the army. Then ten fleeing insurgents were captured by Islamic State militants and beheaded. This is the first known beheadings of Taliban members by Islamic State linked fighters who have reportedly been trying to recruit soldiers from the Taliban.”South African police have launched a preliminary investigation into allegations that the country’s football association paid a $10 million bribe to FIFA officials to host the 2010 World Cup. The claim emerged as part of a corruption scandal that engulfed FIFA. South Africa’s Finance Minister Nhlanhla Nene said he had seen no indication of financial wrong doing.“We were very vigorous and then all the available information that we save before those instructions were intensely interrogated and I can attest that none of such evidence eversurfaced in those meetings.”Britain’s Sports Minister John Whittingdale says there’s a strong case for rerunning the bids to host the World Cup in 2018 and 2022 if there’s evidence of corruption. FIFA awarded the tournaments to Russia and Qatar.The Chinese authorities say they are planning to right the cruise ship that overturned in the Yangtze River on Monday. More than 450 people on board, but only 14 are known to have survived. From Jianli on the Yangtze River, John Sudworth reports.“The divers have been battling near 0 visibility and serious risks i n trying to search ship’s 150 compartments. The body recovery work had begun to gather pace after holes were cut into the Eastern Star’s exposed upturned hull allowing workers to enter from above, but it now seems the engineers have decided the best option is to raise the 4-decked cruise ship out of the water. Hooks have been well in the place and the net has been stretched around the entire structure.”Google has apologized to the India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi after his photo appeared in Internet search results for the world’s top ten criminals. Here's Anberison at Rajkot."Google said the way images were described on the Internet could lead to surprising results to specific queries and they were not reflective of the opinions of the company. Google’s apology came after many Indian politicians and commentators expressed concern on social media. Despite the company’s apology, an image search for the world’s top ten criminals still shows pictures of Mr Modi alongside the wanted militants, murders and dictators."马里恩·马歇尔为你播报BBC新闻。

2017年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案：简单英语

2017 年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案：简单英语Summary
参考答案
判断题
1) 美国换了总统后那个运动就没效果了 (文中说虽然换了个总统，但还是怎样怎样) F
2) the campaigner has problem talking with the officials NG
3)推广 plain English 产生了 economic benefits (文中说增加了 sales) T
4)patients talk with docotors 后因为 doctors tend to use jargon(专业术语) 然后病人 confused (文中说是 medicine label 就是药瓶上的标签，不是谈话) NG
5)还有个是关于法院的 word check is made rugularly(文中好像说有个法官觉得应该 pay attention to those words have been used years on the courts, 他只是说我们应该注意) NG
填空题
我记得有个关于 DO-IT-YOURSELF(好像是)说应该现在 first-time users 上测试，他们通常感觉 upset (这个词我忘了是什么，反正就在那一句里面) 其他的反正应该不是很难，就在那几段里面。

哦，我还记得有个填 legal jargon。

雅思考试阅读题及答案解析

雅思考试阅读题及答案解析2017年雅思考试阅读精选题及答案解析人若是把一生的光阴虚度，便是抛下黄金未买一物，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的'2017年雅思考试阅读精选题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of T echnology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank's, and should not enter their passwords.4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.6."The premise is that site-authentication images increasesecurity because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image," said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. "From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time."7.He added: "If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better," he said.8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.12.SiteKey "gives our customers a fairly easy way ofauthenticating the Bank of America Web site," said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. "It was very well received."13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank's Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. "It's not like we're betting the bank on SiteKey," he said.15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user's PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mother's maiden name.16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, "has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers," Ms. Dhamija said. "Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimesthe appearance of security is more important than security itself."(811 words)Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the writerFALSE if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn't log on without seeing the correct pictures.3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.Questions 6-13 Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.10.Where is PassMark Security located?11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among onlinebanking customers?12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?Answer keys1. 第一段"Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection."似与问题文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一个措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。

雅思考试阅读练习试题附答案

雅思考试阅读练习试题附答案人的知识和人的力量这两件东西是结合为一体的;工作的失败都起于对因果关系的无知。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理2017年雅思考试阅读练习试题附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Volatility KillsYou should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage below.ADespite gun battles in the capital of Chad, rioting in Kenya and galloping inflation in Zimbabwe, the economics of sub-Saharan Africa arc, as a whole, in better shape than they were a few years ago. The World Bank has reported recently that this part of the continent experienced a respectable growth rate of 5.6 percent in 2006 and a higher rate from 1995 to 2005 than in previous decades. The bank has given a cautious assessment that the region may have reached a turning point. An overriding question for developmental economists remains whether the upswing will continue so Africans can grow their way out of a poverty that relegates some 40 percent of the nearly 744 million in that region to living on less than a dollar a day. The optimism, when inspected more closely, may be short-lived because of the persistence of a devastating pattern of economic volatility that has lingered for decades.B“In reality, African countries grow as fast as Asian countries and other developing countries during the good times, but afterward they see growth collapses,” comments Jorge Arbache, a senior World Bank economist. “How to prevent collapses may be as important as promoting growth.” If these collapses hadnot occurred, he observes, the level of gross domestic product for each citizen of the 48 nations of sub-Saharan Africa would have been a third higher.CThe prerequisite to prevent the next crash are not in place, according to a World Bank study issued in January. Is Africa's Recent Growth Robust? The growth period that began in 1995, driven by a commodities boom spurred in particular by demand from China, may not be sustainable, because the economic fundamentals—new investment and the ability to stave off inflation, among other factors—are absent. The region lacks the necessary infrastructure that would encourage investors to look to Africa to find the next Bengaluru (Bangalore) or Shenzhen, a November report from the bank concludes. For sub-Saharan countries rich in oil and other resources, a boom period may even undermine efforts to institute sound economic practices. From 1996 to 2005, with growth accelerating, measures of governance—factors such as political stability, rule of law, and control of corruption—actually worsened, especially for countries endowed with abundant mineral resources, the January report notes.DPerhaps the most incisive analysis of the volatility question comes from Paul Collier, a longtime specialist in African economics at the University of Oxford and author of the recent book The Bottom Billion. He advocates a range of options that the U.S. and other nations could adopt when formulating policy toward African countries. They include revamped trade measures, better-apportioned aid and sustained military intervention in certain instances, to avert what he sees as a rapidly acceleratingdivergence of the world’s poorest, primarily in Africa, from the rest of the world, even other developing nations such India and China.ECollier find that bad governance is the main reason countries fail to take advantage of the revenue bonanza that results from a boom. Moreover, a democratic government, he adds, often makes the aftermath of a boom worse. “Instead of democracy disciplining governments to manage these resource booms well, what happens is that the resource revenues corrupt the normal functioning of democracy—unless you stop (them from) corrupting the normal function of democracy with sufficient checks and balances”, he said at a talk in January at the Carnegie Council in New York City.FCollier advocates that African nations institute an array of standards and codes to bolster governments, one of which would substitute auctions for bribes in apportioning mineral rights and another of which would tax export revenues adequately. He cites the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which took in $200 million from mineral exports in 2006 yet collected only $86,000 in royalties for its treasury. “If a nation gets these points right,” he argues, “it's going to develop. If it gets them wrong, it won't.”GTo encourage reform, Collier recommends that the G8 nations agree to accept these measures as voluntary guidelines for multinationals doing business in Africa—companies, for instance, would only enter new contracts through auctions monitored by an international verification group. Such an agreement would follow the examples of the so-called KimberleyProcess, which has effectively undercut the trade in blood diamonds, and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, in which a government must report to its citizens the revenues it receives from sales of natural resources.HThese measures, he says, are more important than elevating aid levels, an approach emphasized by economist Jeffrey D. Sachs of Columbia University and celebrity activists such as Bono. Collier insists that first Angola receives tens of billions of dollars in oil revenue and whether it gets a few hundred million more or less in aid is really second-order.Questions 1-4Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-C) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 1 -4 on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than onceA Jeffrey D. SachsB Paul CollierC Jorge Arbache1. An unexpectedly opposite result2. Estimated more productive outcomes if it were not for sudden economic downturns3. A proposal for a range of recommended instructions for certain countries to narrow the widening economic gap4. An advocate for a method used for a specific assessmentQuestions 5-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage5. The instability in economy in some African countries might negatively impact their continuing growth after a certain level has been reached.6. Collier is the most influential scholar on the study of volatility problem.7. Certain African governments levy considerable taxes on people profiting greatly from exportation.8. Some African nations' decisions on addressing specific existing problems are directly related to the future of their economic trends.9. Collier regards Jeffrey D. Sachs' recommended way of evaluating of little importance.Questions 10-13SummaryComplete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.According to one research carried by the World Bank, some countries in Africa may suffer from 10 due to the lack of according preconditions. They experienced a growth stimulated by 11 , but according to another study, they may not keep this trend stable because they don't have 12 which would attract investors. To some countries with abundant resources this fast-growth period might even mean something devastating to their endeavor. During one specific decade accompanied by 13 as a matter of fact, the governing saw a deterioration.参考译文：致命的波动性A尽管乍得共和国的首都都有**交火，肯尼亚经历着**，津巴布上演着骇人的通货膨胀，撒哈拉以南的非地区的经济作为一个整体比前几年要发展好很多。

雅思考试阅读练习题

雅思考试阅读练习题2017年雅思考试阅读练习题雅思阅读考试需要大家在备考中积累很多的阅读方法和技巧，并且灵活应用。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思考试阅读练习题,希望能给大家带来帮助!You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1 - 15, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.National Parks and Climate ChangeANational parks, nature reserves, protected areas and sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs) are an important part of the natural landscape in most countries. Their habitat and terrains vary massively, from tundra and glacier parks in the north to wetlands in Europe, steppes in central and eastern Europe, and prairie grasslands and deserts in other areas. Virtually all kinds of landscape are protected somewhere. And these protected areas are important for the variety of plant and animal life they harbour: caribou, bears, wolves, rare types of fish and birds.BBut these areas are under threat from a recent peril - global climate change. No amount of legislation in any one country can protect against a worldwide problem. What exactly are the problems caused by climate change? David Woodward, head of the British Council for Nature Conservation, spoke to Science Now about some of these areas, and his first point highlighted the enormous variation in nature reserves.C"Each park or reserve is an ecosystem," he says, "and the larger reserves, such as those in Canada, may have several typesof ecological subsystems within it. There are reserves which are half the size of Western Europe, so it doesn't make sense to talk about them as if they were all the same, or as if the microclimates within them were uniform." Woodward outlines some of the dangers posed by climatic change to parks in the northern Americas, for example.D"If climatic change is severe, and in particular if the change is happening as quickly as it is at the moment, then the boundaries of the park no longer make much sense. A park that was designated as a protected area 90 years ago may suffer such change in its climate that the nature of it changes too. It will no longer contain the animal and plant life that it did. So the area which once protected, say, a species of reindeer or a type of scenery, will have changed. In effect, you lose the thing you were trying to protect." This effect has already been seen in Canada, where parks which once contained glaciers have seen the glaciers melted by global warming.EJennie Lindstrom, Chief Executive Officer of H2O, the charity which campaigns on an international level on behalf of mainland Europe's protected wetland and wilderness areas, is even more pessimistic. In a letter to Science Now, she has asserted that up to 70% of such areas are already experiencing such "significant change ... in climate" that the distribution patterns. of flora and fauna are changing, and that all areas will eventually be affected. She estimates that the most profound change is occurring in the northernmost parks in areas such as Finland, Greenland, Iceland and northern Russia, but adds that "there is no place which will not suffer the effects of global warming. What we are seeing is amassive change in the environment - and that means the extinction of whole species, as well as visual and structural changes which means that areas like the Camargue may literally look totally different in 50 or 60 years' time."FThe problems are manifold. First, it is difficult or impossible to predict which areas are most in need of help - that is, which areas are in most danger. Predicting climate change is even more unreliable than predicting the weather. Secondly, there is a sense that governments in most areas are apathetic towards a problem which may not manifest itself until long after that government's term of office has come to an end. In poor areas, of course, nature conservation is low on the list of priorities compared to, say, employment or health. Third, and perhaps most important, even in areas where there is both the political will and the financial muscle to do something about the problem, it is hard to know just what to do. Maria Colehill of Forestlife, an American conservation body, thinks that in the case of climate change, the most we can realistically do is monitor the situation and allow for the changes that we cannot prevent, while lobbying governments internationally to make the changes to the pollution laws, for example, that will enable us to deal with the causes of the problem. "I am despondent," she admits. "I have no doubt that a lot of the work we are doing on behalf of the North American lynx, for example, will be wasted. The animal itself can live in virtually any environment where there are few humans, but of course its numbers are small. If climate change affects the other animal life in the areas where it now lives, if the food chain changes, then the lynx will be affected too. Less food for the lynx means fewer lynxes, or lynxes with nowhere to go."GCertainly, climate change is not going to go away overnight. It is estimated that fossil fuels burnt in the 1950s will still be affecting our climate in another 30 years, so the changes will continue for some time after that. If we want to protect the remnants of our wild landscapes for future generations, the impetus for change must come from the governments of the world.Questions 1 - 7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet, write Yes if the statement agrees with the information, No if the statement contradicts the information, Not Given if there is no information on this in the passage.1 Every country has protected areas or national parks.2 Countries can protect their parks by changing their laws.3 A protected area or park can contain many different ecosystems.4 David Woodward thinks that Canadian parks will all be different in 90 years.5 Canada, more than any other country, has felt the effects of global warming.6 H2O works to protect wetlands all over the world.7 Some parts of the world will feel the results of global warming more than others.Questions 8 - 13Complete the summary below. Choose your answers from the box below the summary and write them in boxes 8 - 13 on the answer sheet. There are more words than spaces, so you willnot use all the given words.There are ________ (8) encountered in attempting to stop the effects of ________ (9). One is the difficulty of predicting change. Another is a lack of ________ (10) to change the situation; most governments' interest in the matter is limited because it will not become very serious ________ (11). Finally, there is the quandary of what action we should actually take. One solution is both to keep an eye on the situation as it develops, and to push for changes ________ (12). Even if we do this, the problem is not going to ________ (13), since it takes a considerable time for global warming to happen.willingness of the authoritieslots of waysglobal warminginternationallyfor many yearslocallydisappear straight awaymany problemsafter allQuestions 14 and 15Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A - G. Which paragraphs state the following information? Write the appropriate letters A - G in boxes 14 and 15 on your answer sheet.14 All areas of the world are likely to be affected by global climate changes.________________________________________________________________ ________15 Remedies for global warming will not reverse these trends immediately.________________________________________________________________ ________参考答案：1. No2. No3. Yes4. Not Given5. Not Given6. No7.Yes8. many problems 9. global warming 10. willingness of the authorities11. for many years 12. internationally 13. disappear straight away14. E 15.G【2017年雅思考试阅读练习题】。

2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析

Seeking an energy holy trinity Jan 10th 2007 From 1 NEELIE KROES, the European Union’s competition commissioner, did not mince her words when reporting on Europe’s energy markets on Wednesday January 10th. Europe’s energy firms have failed to invest in networks and so customers are suffering. Those “vertically integrated” energy companies such as Electricité de France (EDF) or Germany’s E.ON, widely dubbed as “national champions”, are effectively behaving like local monopolies. Shy of competition, eager for artificially high prices, they are helping to block the efficient generation, transmission and distribution of energy on the continent. 2 Energy prices vary wildly across Europe. Ms Kroes wants to see cheaper energy, and intends to push suppliers to divest their distribution network and to get them to invest more in transportation systems so that more energy—in the form of gas, or electricity, for example—can flow easily over borders. It is remarkably hard, for example, for gas-poor Germany to import from the neighbouring, gas-rich Netherlands. Companies that dominate national markets have, so far, had little interest in improving the interconnections which would mean lower prices for consumers across the continent. 3 Ms Kroes, of course, will struggle to get her way. The European Commission, which on the same day presented its recommendation for improving EU energy policy, also wants to see the unbundling of ownership, the legal separation of energy suppliers and transporters, something that the integrated energy companies and interested governments, notably in France and Germany, are bound to oppose ferociously. 4 Complicating the matter is an argument over the security of energy supply in Europe. Much has been made of the risk for western Europe of depending too heavily on Russian exports of gas. Russia under Vladimir Putin is prone to using energy exports as a blunt tool of foreign policy, especially when trying to bully countries in its hinterland. Last year Russia interrupted gas deliveries to Ukraine, affecting supplies in central and western Europe too. This week it blocked oil exports passing via Belarus to Europe, though that spat was soon resolved. 5 The risk is that concerns about security of supply may be used spuriously by those in Europe who oppose the sort of liberalisation encouraged by Ms Kroes. The likes of E.ON and EDF may claim that only protected national champions are able to secure supply, by striking long-term deals with powerful foreign suppliers. The Commission disagrees. Such deals are too often politically motivated and far from transparent. Protection has been tried for long enough and evidently has not worked for the internal market, nor have these companies secured the best deals for consumers from the Russians. 6 In contrast, the Commission's new policy proposes, ideally, a break-up of these companies into suppliers and distributors. (As a second best solution, especially for France and Germany, it recommends the management of the networks by a third party.) Properly independent managers of Europe's energy networks would have a strong incentive to build interconnecting pipelines and power lines across borders. For the gas market another means of ensuring competition and security would be finding a more diverse range of suppliers, for example by building more terminals for the import of liquified natural gas. It would also be likely to mean lower prices, if the example of liberalised Britain over the past ten years is anything to go by. 7 Whether any of this is likely to happen soon, however, is another matter. The Commission is also calling for European governments to agree on a common effort to reduce carbon emissions by at least 20% by 2020 (compared with 1990 levels). If America is willing to play ball, the Commission proposes to reduce emissions by as much as 30%. Achieving either target would mean promoting cleaner cars, a more effective emissions-trading system for Europe, wider use of public transport and a sharp increase in the use of renewable sources of energy, like wind and solar power. All that is laudable enough, but will also require political horse-trading as governments—Europe’s leaders are due to meet in March to discuss the various energy proposals—try to avoid commitments that may hurt domestic energy companies or make European firms less competitive than rivals in America, Asia and elsewhere. (689 words) Questions 1-5 Do the following statements reflect the views of the writer in the reading passage? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement reflects the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage 1. Europe’s energy companies have funded the construction of the distribution network. 2. There has been a wide range of energy prices within Europe. 3. Gas-poor Germany has to pay a price higher than average to import gas from its neighbour. 4. E.ON and EDF may oppose the liberalisation due to their concerns about the security of energy supply. 5. The European Commission proposes to reduce carbon emissions by 30% if the U.S. is willing to cut its. Questions 6-10 Look at the box of countries below. Choose One or Two countries to complete the following sentences. Write your answers in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet. Countries A. Belarus B. Britain C. France D. Germany E. Russia F. Ukraine G. The U.S. 6. It’s dangerous for western Europe to depend too much on gas imports from …… 7. A liberalised policy of energy supply was enforced over ten years in … 8. Last year energy supplies in central and western Europe was affected owing to the interruption of gas deliveries to … 9. The governments in …… are bound to oppose the separation of energy suppliers and transporters? 10. Oil exports passing via … to Europe was blocked this week. Questions 11-14 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage above for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-14. 11. The EC disagrees with energy firms to strike long-term deals with foreign suppliers because such deals are usually far from … 12. The EC proposes to split those “national champions” into … 13. A more diverse range of suppliers would guarantee …in the European gas market. 14. The realization of carbon emissions reduction would require the promotion of cleaner cars, a better emissions-trading system, wider use of public transport and more use of … of energy. Key and Explanations: 1. No See para.1: Europe’s energy firms have failed to invest in networks… 2. Yesb d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 2 : E n e r g y p r ic e s v a r y w i ld l y a c r o s s E u r o pe . b r b d sf i d = " 1 5 7 " >0 0 3 . N o t G i v e n b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 2 : I t i s r e m a r k a b l y h a r d , f o r e x a m p l e , f o r g a s -p o o r G e r m a n y t o i m p o r t f r o m t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g , g a s - r i c h N e t h e r l a n d s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 00 4 . N o b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 5 : T h e r i s k i s t h a t c o n c e r n s a b o u t s e c u r i t y o f s u p p l y ma yb e u s e d s p u r i o u s l y b y t h o s e i n E u r o p e w h o o p p o s e t h e s o r t o f l i b e r a l i s a t i o n e nc o u r a g e db y M s K r o e s . T h e l i k e s o f E . O N a n d E D F m a yc l a i m t h a t & b r bd s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 5 . Ye s b r b d sf i d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 7 : I f A m e r i c a i s w i l l i ng t o p l a y b a l l , th e C o m mi s s i o n p r o p o s e s t o r e d u c e e m i s s i o n s b y a s m u c h a s 3 0 % . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 6 . E b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 4 : M u c h h a s b e e n m a d e o f t h e r i s k f o r w e s t e r n E u r o p e o f d e p e n d i n g t o o h e a v i l y o n R u s s i a n e x p o r t s o f g a s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 7 . B b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 6 : I t w o u l d a l s o b e l i k e l y t o m e a n l o w e r p r i c e s , i f t h e e x a m p l e o f l i b e r a l i s e d B r i t a i n o v e r t h e p a s t t e n y e a r s i s a n y t h i n g t o g o b y . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 8 . F b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 4 : L a s t y e a r R u s s i a i n t e r r u p t e d g a s d e l i v e r i e s t o U k r a i n e , a f f e c t i n g s u p p l i e s i n c e n t r a l a n d w e s t e r n E u r o p e t o o . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 9 . C , D b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 3 : & t h e l e g a l s e p a r a t i o n o f e n e r g y s u p p l i e r s a n d t r a n s p o r t e r s , s o m e t h i n g t h a t t h e i n t e g r a t e d e n e r g y c o m p a n i e s a n d i n t e r e s t e d g o v e r n m e n t s , n o t a b l y i n F r a n c e a n d G e r m a n y , a r e b o u n d t o o p p o s e f e r o c i o u s l y . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 1 0 . A b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 4 : T h i s w e e k i t b l o c k e d o i l e x p o r t s p a s s i n g v i a B e l a r u s t o E u r o p e , t h o u g h t h a t s p a t w a s s o o n r e s o l v e d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 1 1 . t r a n s p a r e n t b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 5 : b y s t r i k i n g l o n g - t e r m d e a l s w i t h p o w e r f u l f o r e i g n s u p p l i e r s . T h e C o m m i s s i o n d i s a g r e e s . S u c h d e a l s a r e t o o o f t e n p o l i t i c a l l y m o t i v a t e d a n d f a r f r o m t r a n s p a r e n t . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 1 2 . s u p p l i e r s a n d d i s t r i b u t o r s。

2017年英语一真题(阅读理解部分)

2017年Text 11--- First two hours, now three hours —this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.2--- Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.3--- Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.4--- Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.5--- There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodelling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.6--- It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.7--- The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the travelling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] explain American’s tolerance of current se curity checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to[A] quieter. [B] cheaper. [C] wider. [D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes2017年Text 21---“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.2---At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.3---Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.4---Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.5--- Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.6---The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.2017年Text 31---Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.2---The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measure s, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?3---A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.4---While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.5---This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.6---So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.7---The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a declinein the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A] praised the UK for its GDP.[B] identified GDP with happiness.[C] misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D] had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A] the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B] the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C] GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D] policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A] It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B] It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C] Its criteria are questionable.[D] Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A] the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B] high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C] it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D] it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A] High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B] GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D] Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being2017年Text 41---In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.2---The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.3---Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.4---The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”5---The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”6---But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.7---Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.8---The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic. [B] tolerant. [C] skeptical. [D] supportive.。

2017年10月21日雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析

【导语】以下是⽆忧考整理的2017年10⽉21⽇雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析，仅供参考。

⼀、考试概述：本次考试的⽂章两篇旧题⼀篇新题，第⼀篇是关于托马斯杨这个⼈的⼈物传记，第⼆篇是跟仿⽣科学相关的，讲⼈们可以利⽤⾃然中的现象改善⽣活，第三篇介绍了四种不同的性格和它们对团队合作的影响。

本次考试第⼀篇及第三篇⽂章较容易，最难的为第⼆篇⽂章，但是很多考⽣花费很多时间在第⼆篇上，导致没时间做简单的第三篇⽂章，所以希望⼤家考试中能灵活选择做题顺序。

⼆、具体题⽬分析 Passage 1：题⽬：Thomas Young 题型：判断题7 +简答题6 新旧程度：旧题⽂章⼤意：关于托马斯杨的个⼈传记参考⽂章： Thomas Young The Last True Know-It-All A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics," "Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything." Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2004 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath. B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three "principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct. C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an adult. D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He had devoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital. E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers. F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young's accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies. G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, "their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book. 参考答案：判断题： 1.“The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people. TURE 2. All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica. FALSE 3. Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up. FALSE 4. Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills. NOT GIVEN 5. Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues. TRUE 6. Young was interested in various social pastimes. TRUE 7. Young suffered from a disease in his later years. NOT GIVEN 填空题： 8. How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica? 46 9. What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper? human eye 10. What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages? Indo-European 11. Who inspired Young to start the medical studies? Richard Brocklesby 12. Where did Young get a teaching position? Royal Institution 13. What contribution did Young make to London? gas lighting (答案仅供参考) Passage 2：题⽬: Learn the nature 题型：段落细节配对4+填空题5+⼈名理论配对 4 新旧程度：新题⽂章⼤意：讲仿⽣科学的，写出⼤⾃然⾥有很多现象可以被学习和利⽤，⽤于科学研究改善⼈类社会和⽣活。

雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017

雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017不要为已消逝之年华叹息，须正视欲匆匆溜走的时光，以下是小编为大家搜索整理的雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry's greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title Thoughts on Music has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is digital rights management (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work onanother. Apple's DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has locked in customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of state-sponsored piracy. Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixespromptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? This is clearly the best alternative for consumers, he declares, and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe's regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free. Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple's. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in atypical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related lock in.F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM's defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs's argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kindof music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs'idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?A. DRM places restrictions on consumer'choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word unfazed in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?A. Sony would gain the most profit.B. More customers would be “locked in”.C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if theDRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe's regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.Notes to Reading Passage 11. low-key：抑制的，受约束的，屈服的2. showman：开展览会的人，出风头的人物3. unassuming：谦逊的，不夸耀的，不装腔作势的4. iPod：(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器5. iTunes store：(苹果公司出产的)在线音乐商店6. get off person's back: 不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠7. gravitate: 受吸引，倾向于8. unfazed: 不再担忧，不被打扰Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-131. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph A … the future of digitalmusic, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. FALSESee the third sentence in Paragraph A …At issue is 'digital rights management' (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft.3. TRUESee the fourth sentence in Paragraph A Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another.4. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph B It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has 'locked in' customers.5. NOT GIVENThe third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling).6. FALSESee the last sentence in Paragraph E So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related 'lock in'.7. NOT GIVENSee the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility.8. BSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation.9. CSee the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context Mr Jobs isevidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today.10. ASee the last four sentences of Paragraph F Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most.11. the iTunes storeSee the second sentence of Paragraph C They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM.12. withdraw their cataloguesSee the third sentence of Paragraph C They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised.13. produce security fixesSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly.14. redirect their energiesSee the second sentence of Paragraph D Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the musiccompanies to sell their music DRM-free.。

2017雅思阅读考试题库

2017 雅思阅读考试题库雅思分学术类(Academic)和普通类(General Training)两种题型，学术类主要适合留学生或访问学者，普通类主要适合移民申请人和某些非留学类别(例如工作签证)的申请人。

以下是小编整理的关于雅思阅读考试题库，希望大家认真阅读!第一套Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatestshowman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss ofApple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts onMusic”has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future ofdigital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunesmusic-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technologyguarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standardfor DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type ofmusic-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system, calledFairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobscalled for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire fromEuropean regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to otherfirms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot beplayed on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), anyiTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rivalfirm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill lastyear compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of“state-sponsored piracy”.Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, becauseit would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM doesis restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? “This is clearly the best alternative for consumers,” he declares, “and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.”D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe’s regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.”Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple’s.Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTuneslibrary is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re- ripped.) So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM’s defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn’t it lead to a surgein piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs’s argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs’idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?A. DRM places restrictions on consumer’choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word “unfazed” in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?A. Sony would gain the most profit.B. More customers would be “locked in”.C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe’s regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14…towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.Notes to Reading Passage 11. low-key：抑制的，受约束的，屈服的2. showman：开展览会的人，出风头的人物3. unassuming：谦逊的，不夸耀的，不装腔作势的4. iPod：(苹果GS 出产的)音乐播放器5. iTunes store：(苹果GS 出产的)在线音乐商店6. get off person’s back: 不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠7. gravitate: 受吸引，倾向于8. unfazed: 不再担忧，不被打扰Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-131. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph A “…the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music- store.”2. FALSESee the third sentence in Paragraph A “…At issue is ‘digital rights management’(DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft.”3. TRUESee the fourth sentence in Paragraph A “Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for onetype of music-player may not work on another.”4. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph B “It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to otherfirms has ‘locked in’customers.”5. NOT GIVENThe third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. “Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling).”6. FALSESee the last sentence in Paragraph E “So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related‘lock in’”.7. NOT GIVENSee the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony “Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility.”8. BSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation.”9. CSee the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context “Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today.”10. ASee the last four sentences of Paragraph F “Wouldn’t it lead to a surgein piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, peoplewishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most.”11. the iTunes storeSee the second sentence of Paragraph C “They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM.”12. withdraw their cataloguesSee the third sentence of Paragraph C “They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised.”13. produce security fixesSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly.”14. redirect their energiesSee the second sentence of Paragraph D “Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.”第二套Next Year Marks the EU’s 50th Anniversary of the TreatyA. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan- European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a timebefore is another matter.B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdamin 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU’s50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to vetoit) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.E. According to the German government—which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of yearsin which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009-10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to- five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self- destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barelyfunctioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucraticmomentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. After years’introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.4. It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.5. French government will hold the EU’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of 2008.6. For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.Questions 7-10 Complet the following sentencces.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1for each answer.Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to make a rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.10. The politics of the three large continental countries,__________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urgethe integration in 2007.Questions 11-14 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them inboxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.12. The word “immobilised”in the last line of Section C means ___________.A. stopped completely.B. pushed strongly.C. motivated wholely.D. impeded totally.13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, becauseA. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursueany European policy.D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and mostinfluential euro-zone countries.Notes to the Reading Passage1. pan-Enropeanpan- 前缀：全，总，泛pan-African 全/泛非洲的(运动)pan-Enropean 全/泛欧的(机构建设)2. outstrip超越，胜过，超过，优于Material development outstripped human development “物质的发展超过了人类的进步”3. ebb回落跌落;衰退或消减The tide is on the ebb. 正在退潮。

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G. In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company's drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends. H. Given France's reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald's revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company's most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald's is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain. I. “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald's restaurants in Britain are companyowned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer. J. M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants' margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America's 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin's reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group's top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.
2017雅思考试模拟试题 --阅读4
• How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe • A.
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When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald's in January 2004, the world's biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group's French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers' favourite enemy operates.
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Questions 1-6 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets. 2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners. 3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market. 4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned. 5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing. 6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.
B. So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group's profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly. C Mr Hennequin's recipe for revival is to be more open about his company's operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald's is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.
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D. He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald's through the visitors' programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald's packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners. E. Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald's restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald's employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald's managers across the continent. F. To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald's employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald's in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.