物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告

物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____ 二级学院专业班级学号学生姓名电话号码时间2012-04-5原文：Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of ChinaLuo Yixin(Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205)Received 15 July 2004AbstractFor further pushin g ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry，the author，based on the status quo of China's logistics industry，alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China．By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics，standards of technical terms，logistics technologies and management，the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal．Key words：logistics；development；problem；measure1 PrefaceModem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades．Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s，logistics industry has been developed rapidly．At present，our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers，develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights．Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + +／SMCS) in 2003.The real—time connection with famous ERP system (SAPR／3)has been realized，the system radically changes the unicity and low int egrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system．Another example is the new structural—type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0—150 m／rain．1ifting speed of 0—40 m／min and forking speed of 0 —20／40 m／rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year．Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction．resulting that the distance—measuring error is ±1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm．For the vertical direction．due to the application of rotary encoder plus tooth—be technique，positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm．In this way．the system successfully integrates a variety of new—type detecting technologies involving laser location，rotary encoder and toth—belt eranging．integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method ．Besides，the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability．The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new—type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments．In 2003。

a patent product at world—leading place，the push—pull laser guiding AGV cart，ca／Be into market．Ever has never been a similar product both at home and abroad．is AGV cart．having conquered numbers of difficulties as path planning，reflecting board layout and pinpointing position，can travel an d locate its position safely and flexibly in rolling machine units．In other words，it realizes complete automation delivery ．In 2003，domestic enterprises designed and applied automatic supplementary—materials allocation system equipped with vision—identification movable robot．system was ran king at international leading stage．In year 2003,thanks to the successfuldevelopments of Hong He Cigarette Factory ’s automatic logistics system and Legend’s integration logistics system，numbers of blanks in domestic logistics industry are叫ed。

quantities of leading logistics systems and equipments ale produced and the gap between China and other countries advanced in key equipments and primary indexes are reduced．Through years of research and exploration．Tai Yuan Gang Yu Storage Company，by cope ration with scientific research institutes，success finally developed automatization tired warehouse facility assisted by computer planning and designing technology，which is at the leading place in the world.With the support an d regard from all levels of governmental departments，China’s modern logistics industry is now taking unprecedented momentum and developing rapidly．However，it’s worth being pointed out that，as far as the whole is concerned．China’s logistics industry is still in an initial stage．China’s GDP in 2000 was 8.94×1000 billion RMB．of which the added value of circulation area accounts for merely 8．1％．11}lis number is much lower than that of developed countries like the United States．Japan and UK．In 2000，the sale of WalMart，one of the world retailing giants，was US193.3 billion，corresponding to 46％of China ’s total a nual sales in retailing．On top of that．the annual sale of WAIMART is on the increase by US$20—30 billion dollars a year．Domestically，the annual sale of our leading retailer，Shanghai Unilever，is simply 11 billion RMB．accounting for about 7％of Mart．From the above statistics，it’s by no means difficult for one to find out that distant gap of logistics industries exists between China and developed countries．Of course，on the contrary，the statistics also tell us that there are great development potential and space regarding logistics industry in China.Many problems，some of which even ale the bottlenecks of China’s modern logistics，are available in the course of development．Great importance to these problems should be attached，which are worthy of the concern and study of logistics staff. Available primary problems2.1 Unbalanced development between western and developed regions including the east，the south and costal areasCh ina’s logistics industry is at the initial stage．In most occasions，what we mean by the so-called logistics actually refers to the narrow sense of logistics：elementary functions such as transportation or storage．Real modern logistics has been focused and developed only in a few comparatively developed regions in the east and the south while logistics development is still far from commencing in vast regions of mid-，western and remote regions．Even in the developed regions of eastern China，southern China and costal and costal areas，the level of socialization an d the adoption of market principles are fairly low．According to the data，the physical distributions owned by domestic enterprises account for 60％to 70％of the total market scale．Shortage in logistics demand hampers the development of logistics industry in China and thus limits its development.2．2 Disordered and rough planning for logisticsLogistics park is a special center of one or more than one logistics enterprises(or distribution centers)．By operating logistics park，scale can be formed and operation cost reduced．The construction of logistics park is expected to play a positive role in urban freight traffic，urban ecology environment and urban land planning．However，the planning of China’s logistics parks are mostly conducted by local authorities.Recently，numbers of local authorities haven’t been clear about the interior meaning of logistics industry．Instead，they mistakenly take it for granted that logistics could anyhow revive economy．As a result, nuinerous regions rush into the planning an d construction of various logistics circles，parks or centers．Nowadays many logistics parks are at the stages of planning and primary construction，neither link to the planning of next higher level，nor connect to the surrounding areas，nor conduct sufficient research and survey of the local economic situation, microeconomic orientation andfreight traffic flow．These logistics parks take on disadvantages，strong bureaucracy，unimpressive market response and inadequate flow of population and logistics，which prevents the from going into virtuous cycles as well as leads them to be the heavy burdens of governments．Obviously，the operation of logistics parks hasn’t followed principles of science and has breached our origin al intention of developing logistics industry．In fact，logistics industry falls under the category of tertiary industry，the functions of which should be providing service for certain trades in primary an d secondary industries．The profits of logistics industry mainly derive from service targets．Secondly，logistics industry is the one with nalTOW margin of profit that considerable profits could be gamed tlugh nothing else but scale operation．Therefore，logistics acts merely as the pillars for industries．Only on the basis of favorable primary and secondary industries, or with the intentions to reinforce the development of primary and secondary industries，logistics industry can be developed．Any planning and construction of regional logistics circles，parks or centers in any places must be argued and studied rigidly in accordance with scientific principles. The construction proportions of logistics places should be distributed according to economic regions whereas by no means according to administrative ones．Otherwise great deal of redundant project construction will be very likely and therefore result in wasting of resources．Apart from that，quite a few of domestic regions carried through pretty abstract and rough logistics planning．For instance，some regions seldom take the construction of regional logistic information platform into account when theyplan logistics parks．Some other regions take the construction of platform into account，but they merely consider its planning and designing，rarely thinking over its construction and application．In other words，the construction on logistics information platform is in short of operability．2．3 Outdated logistics technologyAlthough China，in a short term，has made great achievements that attract the attention of the world in terms of logistics industry and techniques，one has to admit that China is still left far behind world leading countries and as a whole，our logistics technology is outdated．To sum up，the disadvantage is mainly embodied as the following respects：2.3.1 Distribution and delivery facilities A significant orientation of logistics development is third-party logistics，of which freight distribution and delivery are essential components．Presently advanced foreign facilities of logistics distribution and delivery have reached the level of full automatization．A good example is a Japanese logistics center known as “White Bird” of Sanli Zhiguo Company．The center has an occupation of land of 4208 m ,a total area of 2774 square meters an d delivers 20000 boxes of goods to 200 wholesalers．111e center adopts automatic tiered warehouse facility for storage．For cold air release from the center of the warehouse and by taking advantage of the principle as “hot air ascends while cold air descends”，layers from the first to the fourth of the shelf are designed to be constant-temperature for storing chocolate candies while layers from the fifth to the eighth are room-temperature area for normal foods．The use of air conditioning reduced operation cost on building architectural compartments．Full automatization logistics system is adopted for operation．Goods are put into storage from the second floor．Sorting devices is in operation first；then stacking robots automatically pile the goods on stocks，which are delivered to automatic tiered warehouse by high．speed rail shuttles．The first floor is where the gods is shipped．High—speed rail shuttles are responsible for delivering the goods to sorting work station．When shipment preparations done，the goods are stored in preparation areas ready for delivery．Due to the adoption of automatic controlling devices，the error rate of shipment at the logistics center has been dramatically reduced．Moreover，the causes could be found rapidly once an y mistake appears an d service quality will not be affected．Another example is Shayiku logistics center of Sagawa Express Company in Japan．The center contains 44308 m2 with the total area of 798m．This five-•floor building of armored-•structure has the largest architecture scale in Asia．The first an d second floors of the center are platform working areas，third to fifth are logistics processing areas (offering logistics service for the third party) and on the roof are park and helipad．This logistics center locates at the middle region of Japan，covering 320 distribution and delivery network points of the whole nation．Sorting work is done overnight of the same day when gods brought here at the evening．At the morning of next day，the sorted goods will be delivered to nation-wide network points．At the same time when recipients of the center receiving goods，they use wireless data terminals to transmit the data of sorting，distribution and delivery to distribution center instandy．Goods could be directly put onto conveying belt for sorting without any other operation．The handling capacity per hour is 79000 pieces．As the product of social economy development and socialization division of labor，distribution and delivery center will undoubtedly vary according to the change of demands in social economy development．The majority of domestic enterprises have low logistics level，weak logistics awareness and weak distribution capability．Besides，faced with little business competition pressures an d relaxing demands for third-party logistics，the enterprises still remain on the basis of the traditional understanding of logistics：large and complete or small an d complete .2.3.2 Insufficient focus on modern inform action technology Currendy certain regions and local authorities attach great importance to the development planning of logistics．But they ignore that modern logistics must depend upon modern information technology ．One ma y easily draw the conclusion from the development history of logistics industry that there won’t be model logistics without modem information technology ．An optimized system will never take its shape unless logistics，capital flow，information flow and clients are brought into an organic corporation by making use of modern inform action technology ．The construction of modern information technology base and facilities are the primary factors that should be considered in the construction and planning of logistics centers and parks．2.3.3Abuse of “logistic center” and its like Nowadays many small-size freight stations and even certain private minishopstiled them selves as “logistics centers”or other similar names that have been fashionable and popular ．However，this sort of phenomenon will harm the development of logistics severely for the possibility of causing people's misunderstanding of logistics．Therefore the essence of such a case is distorting logistic centers．As a matter of fact，according to China Logistics Norms on Technical Terms，the definition of logistics center is：the site or organization that engages in logistics activities．A logistic center should fit into the following requirements：1)primarily offering service for the society；2) having complete and sound logistics functions；3)having complete information network；4)with large radiation and influential areas；5)with limited varieties but large quantities；6)with strong storage or handling capacity；and 7) having unified management and administration over l stics business．The definition shows us that the basic requirements and qualifications for logistic center are fairly high．Whereas almost none of the so-called logistic centers that are now existent meet the standard and requirements listed above．2．4 Low-quality service provided by logistics enterpriseAt present，most of domestic logistics enterprises，for their weakness in service capability，only bear basic business such as transportation，loading，un loading or storage while they have limited ability in handling value-added service as custom declaration，stock management，allotting，distribution and processing in circulation despite their intentions of doing those business．Moreover，for the reasons of staff qualification，capital an d equipment，service quality is unsatisfactory．According to the relative data，over 30％clients of those employ third-party logistics enterprises are not satisfied with the service．85％of logistics service provided by third-party logistics companies is basic service as transportation an d storage while only 1 5％goes to valued services like information，processing and financing.On top of that，affecting by important factors involving regional shortcomings，limited operation scope，out-of-date operation approaches and low-efficiency storage(or delivery) service，logistics talents，particularly the comprehensive management talents mastering specialized knowledge are difficult to find their positions in the market in today’s China in spite of high salaries.The main reasons of low．quality service provided by domestic logistics enterprises lie in that the three elements of logistics，management，technique and talent are far from balanced development．P resently China’s highway，railway，civil aviation and port are run separately and diversified from each other in many respects as the way of organizing service specification，norms for technique and equipments．In most case，enterprises offer logistics service by merely making use of unitary transport mode that trans regional vans commonly travel without any goods when they return．Furthermore，barriers come into being one after another that logistics system could not run smoothly although the system should be .An important element that directly affects service quality is the shortage of professional talents in logistics area．In China，logistics talents，in particular comprehensive management talents mastering expertise，are hard to hunt although they are demanded with high salaries.2.5 Insufficient attention paid to enterprise logisticsAccording to present situations，domestically large-size logistics(i．e．the logistics facing circulation field) is obviously stronger than enterprise logistics(i．e．the logistics facing production field)whether it is regarding how qualified the professional practitioner team is，or how many enterprises participate，or how much the society attached importance to．Because of that，there is a saying goes as “China’s logistics is still wan derin g at the gate of enterprises”．It is for certain that the saying is overstated ．A few of our enterprises as Haier Group have excellent performance in enterprise logistics．While what is undeniable that the enterprise logistics in China are lagging behind．Statistics show that 26％of the 450 large or medium size enterprises surveyed in 1999 take care of their own logistics independently, leave the business handled by third party，68.8％adopt the cooperation measure．among which 42.3％business of 30％enterprises went to the third party．36.5％of 30％to 60％enterprises go to third party．26％of 26％enterprises went to third party.2.5.1Norms for technical termsAlthough China had enacted “Norms for logistics Technical Terms” in 2001．currently great numbers of newly em erged technical terms that are frequently read in related articles or materials haven’t been brought into national norins，which has brought inconvenience to the further popularization and application of logistics．For instance．1ots of provinces and cities have planned or are planning various logistics circles，which are called commercial logistics circles or ecology logistics circles．Another question is that what’s the difference between logistics park and logistics base? Everyone thinks in his way and will not be convinced ．2.5.2 logistics facilities and equipmentsPresently there exists no com only accepted Horn3 for the facilities and equipments of domestic logistics．Imported from abroad，some equipments introduce nOIITIS of foreign countries，some equipments are self-ma de that what they adopt norms in enterprises，and some other equipments even haven't any Horn3．Nonexistence of com only recognized norms brings about enterprises and clients a series of problems such as the difficulty of purchasing fittings for maintenance as well as different operation procedures．A good example is the tray that used most com only in logistics．Large quantitiesof trays in foreign countries could be used for general purposes because they adopt salne norms．While in China，for different norms，trays sometimes have to be demounted and returned to the manufacturers after goods delivered，which may waste influence manpower and material resources.2．6 Severely insufficient logistics talents2.6.1 Small number of logistics specialists In order to develop China’s logistics industry，a skeleton team that dedicated in logistics and reasonable numbers of proficient specialists are in need except the support from governmental departments．The theoretical system of logistics hasn’t been establ ished until now．Though more and more scholars and specialists are joining the ranks of logistics study and popularization，those who qualified for“logistics specialists”are limited．1ogistics specialists are the tower of strength for popularizing and applying logistics.2.6.2Severely insufficient resources for cultivating logistics professional talentsChina already listed modem logistics industry as one of the four newly．emerging industries and logistics professional talents as one of top ten high demand talents．Lacking of logistics professional talents has become the bottleneck of developing modem logistics industry in China．According to elementary statistics，there are more than 40OOOO state owned stock．holding companies and“threecapital enterprises”(which are foreign funded，joint venture and cooperative)．Suppose that universities and colleges recruit 60 students every year，and every enterprise employs a student major in logistics every 5 years，and the supply of logistics talents is still far from meeting the demand．It can be anticipated that in a fairly long period demand for logistics talents will rema in exceeding the supply．Presently，China offers education at different levels，namely，graduates courses，undergraduates' courses，specialty courses and secondary technical schools．However，scientific educational objective system for logistics hasn't taken shape in China．Schools，colleges and universities now design courses and inter ships according to respective understanding of logistics，lacking general guiding．Some schools，which offer logistics specialty and recruit large number of students since logistics professional talents are popular，by no means have any teaching staff or infrastructures that needed for logistics．Specialists work for concerned departments an d organizations complied certain teaching materials．but for various reasons these materials are far from satisfying the requirements in logistics professional education．These teaching materials are either unsystematic or the contents are incomplete．2．7 Incomplete enterprise managerial systemAt present，problems involving incomplete enterprise managerial system，imperfect and unsystematic business materials commonly exist in China’s logistics enterprises．Many logistics enterprises such as post office originally have strict regulations over all—round working procedures，but some accidents that could have been avoided are caused because the implementation of those regulations are watered down more or less．For instance，the regulation says that for tracking down where it is in case of accident registered post parcels must be kept record at every large post station on its way to destination．At present，problems involving incomplete enterprise managerial system，imperfect and unsystematic business materials co mmonly exist in China’s logistics enterprises．Many logistics enterprises such as post office originally have strict regulations over all—round working procedures，but some accidents that could have been avoided are caused because the implementation of those regulations are watered down more or less．For instance，the regulation says that for tracking down where it is in case of accident registered post parcels must be kept record at every large post station on its way to destination．Some logistics enterprises are serious and prudent when they constitute relevant operating manuals and web pages．But after a certain period of time，they can not maintain the materials as at the beginning and thus cause the com on problems presently exist in part of logistics enterprises：new regulations and contentsnot listed，manuals and web pages not up dated in time，some new regulations and rules not conveyed to operators，clients and users not receive the latest business information. 2．8 Inadequate measure for environment protectionWith the development of logistics industry，led by traffic and transport problems as urban atmospheric pollution，leftover materials from the processing an d production of consumer products，wrapping wastes from logistics process，environment protection seems increasingly important．Elaborately protecting the global environment and resources shared by human being，ensuring sustained economy and production development as well as considering our offspring have become the com on goal of the universe．Presently some of domestic logistics enterprises haven’t been fully aware of the significance of environment protection that they haven’t adopted an y effective measures．For instance．some logistics enterprises locating themselves at downtown city caused that urban environment have been polluted seriously by coal，oil，special or，wastes and equipment noise．Besides，some other logistics flammables and explosives，severely．enterprises keep great deal of which threat urban security severely. 2．9 Shortage of modem system technology bearing intellectual property rightsBe faced with increasingly intense market competition．enterprises ask for stringent demands of modem logistics system．Products of overseas top—ranking logistics companies discovered that China has a vast market prospect of logistics，are pouring into China．However，importing modem logistics system is not only cosdy but also dependent．In long—run operation，another disadvantage is the shortage of effective，timely service and technical support．Therefore ,developing modem logistics system and technology with self-determined intellectual property rights domestically has significant meaning．The innovation fruits bearing self-determined property rights have been achieved but large gap between ours and foreign leading counterparts still exist．译文：研究物流业及中国物流技术摘要为了进一步推进同中国发展物流业,作者基于中国物流业的现状,肯定其在中国工业发展过程中所取得的成就。