Grammar(语法归纳)

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Unit 1 语法Grammar 形容词的比较级和最高级(教师版) 24-2025学年八年级英语上册

班级姓名学号分数Unit1Friends形容词的比较级和最高级（时间：60分钟，满分：120分）形容词的比较级1、概念在英语中,形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。

一般情况下在表示某人或某物的特征时用原级(即原形);在表示两者(成两方面)之间的比较时要用形容词的比较极。

2、构成情况规则例词般情况加er small--smaller以e结尾的形容词加r large-larger以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词去掉y,再加ier easy-easier末尾只有一个辅音字母,倒数第二个是元音字母的形容词将辅音字母双写再加erhot--hotterthin--thinnerbeautiful—more beautifuldifficult--more difficult多音节和部分双音节形容词在形容词前面加more联想拓展比较级的一些特珠用法:①形容词比较级前可用much,even,till,far,a little,a lot,a great deal,no,any等修饰。

He looks much better today,.他今天看上去好多了。

②“比较级+and+比较级"结构意为"越来越......”His spoken English is getting better and better.他的英语口语正变得越来越好。

③"the+比较级，the+比较级"结构意为"越......(就)越.....”The more we get together,the stronger we'll be.我们越团结就越强大。

形容词的最高级1、概念三者成三者以上的人或事物比较,其中一个在性质、特征或程度上超过其他几个时,要用最高级。

2.构成一般来说,单音节和部分双音节词在词后加-est,部分双音节和多音节词在词前加most。

3.用法形容词的最高级一般是用of/in/among来说明比较的范围;用"Which/Wh...+最高级，......or...?"来表示在常见的一些不规则变化的形容词原级、比较级和最高级的形式原级比较级最高级good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastold elder/older eldest/oldestfar farther/further farthest/furthest一、请写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)二、单项选择(本大题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分)1．（23-24八年级上·江苏常州·期中）Shanghai is bigger than________in Japan,isn’t it?A．any other city B．the other city C．any city D．the other cities2．（23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）We all know that a day has24hours.But over a billion years ago,the days were much________,lasting________than19hours.A．longer;less B．shorter;fewer C．shorter;less D．longer;fewer3．（23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）It’s reported that newborn babies are________.At the same time,the number of elderly people is getting even________.A．less and less;more B．fewer and fewer;largerC．fewer and fewer;more D．less and less;large4．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）—How was your visit to the Ice and Snow World in Harbin?—It couldn’t be_________.It’s a pity that time flies so quickly.A．better B．worse C．worst D．best5．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）With good preparation and planning,you will be more confident and________.A．more nervous B．less nervous C．more nervously D．less nervously6．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）—Do you know that China is one of________?—Yes,I do.It’s________older than America.A．the oldest countries;more B．the oldest country;moreC．the oldest countries;much D．the old country;much7．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Beijing is much________than________cities in China.A．bigger;the other B．bigger;any otherC．biggest;the other D．biggest;any other8．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—How was your exam yesterday?—Wow,I couldn’t feel________.I made few mistakes in it.A．better B．best C．worse D．worst9．（23-24八年级上·江苏徐州·期末）Our village becomes________than before because of“Beautiful Villages Project”.A．clean B．cleaner C．cleanest D．the cleanest10．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·期末）—I hear the film Johnny Keep Walking(《年会不能停》)is very exciting.—Exactly.I saw it yesterday.It’s really hard to find________film,I think.A．a less interesting B．the least interesting C．a more interesting D．the most interesting11．（22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）________animals are in danger and there will be________space for them if we do nothing.A．More and more,more and more B．Less and less,less and lessC．More and more,less and less D．Less and less,more and more12．（22-23八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）—I hear that the phones with5G will be much________.—By the end of this year,we will have one of the world’s________5G deployments.A．fast;larger B．fast;largest C．faster;larger D．faster;largest13．（22-23八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）I know my design is far from perfect,but I just can’t think of__________ one.A．best B．the best C．better D．a better14．（22-23八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）The radio says that the temperature will be________in the next few days. You should put on your thick coat.A．colder B．hotter C．higher D．lower15．（22-23八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）—How do you like the new film AvatarⅡ?—Amazing.I have never enjoyed________one.A．a better B．the better C．a worse D．the worse16．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）—Do you know that China is one of_________?—Yes,I do.It’s_________older than America.A．the oldest countries;more B．the oldest country;moreC．the oldest countries;much D．the old country;much17．（23-24八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）—Can you tell me why you learn math so well?—It’s very simple.________you work,________grades you will get.A．The harder;the best B．The hard;the betterC．Harder;better D．The harder;the better18．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）Because of the“double reduction”policy,students have________ homework and________free time after school than usual.A．less,fewer B．fewer,less C．less,more D．more,fewer19．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）Boys and girls,the more careful you are during the exam,________mistakes you’ll make.A．the less B．the fewer C．the few D．the little20．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）—How can I get good grades in the monthly test?—The____________careful you are,the____________mistakes you will make.A．more;less B．more;fewer C．much;fewer D．much;more21．（22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Some people want to have more farms and buildings.As a result,there will be________space for the wildlife.A．fewer and fewer B．worse and worse C．less and less D．larger and larger 22．（22-23八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）There will be________jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people.A．fewer B．less C．more D．fewest23．（22-23八年级上·江苏常州·期中）________of the twin sisters would like to go on a trip to Shanghai.A．Fatter B．The fatter C．Fattest D．The fattest24．（22-23八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）—How hard you are working,Ben!—We must!President Xi said that________we are,________we will be.A．the more hard-working;the luckier B．the hard-working;the luckyC．more hard-working;luckier D．the most hard-working;the luckiest25．（22-23八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Yangzhou Fancy city(梦幻之城)is more interesting than________in Yangzhou.A．any other theme park B．any other theme parksC．the other theme park D．any theme park26．（22-23八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）Because of the“double reduction”policy(双减),students have________ homework and________free time after school than before.A．less;fewer B．fewer;less C．less;more D．more;fewer27．（22-23八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）Writing is very important in tests.You see,the________you write,the ________results you will get next time.A．more careful;fewer B．more carefully;bestC．more careful;fewest D．more carefully;better28．（22-23八年级上·江苏南京·期中）The number of home-left children________getting________.So,the first problem is how to look after the group better.A．is;more and more B．is;larger and largerC．are;fewer and fewer D．are;smaller and smaller29．（22-23八年级上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）My house is_________as yours.But it looks even_________.A．the same big;tidier B．as big as;tidyC．as bigger as;tidy D．the same size;tidier30．（22-23八年级上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）—Do you know Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world?—Yes,it’s bigger than________in China.A．any other city B．any other cities C．any city D．other city31．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）—Chen Yufei won her third championship(冠军)at the BWF China Masters.—I think it was really________moment for her.A．more excited B．the most excited C．more exciting D．the most exciting32．（22-23八年级上·江苏·期末）I have less free time than John,hut Nancy has more free time than John.Among the three of us,I have the________free time.A．less B．least C．more D．most33．（22-23八年级上·江苏镇江·期末）—What do you think of the final of the World Cup in Qatar?—I think it’s________match that I have ever seen.A．the most exciting B．the most excitedC．more exciting D．more excited34．（22-23八年级上·江苏南通·期末）—What do you think of the film The Battle at Lake Changjin?—I think it’s________film that I have ever seen.A．the most exciting B．the most excited C．a most exciting D．a most excited 35．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）—Which bottle has________water of the five bottles?—The red one.It has less water than any other one.A．the least B．the most C．fewer D．the fewest36．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）I think Chang An is________excellent film.It is one of________most exciting films this year.A．a;the B．the;a C．the;/D．an;the37．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·期中）—What do you think of the restaurant?—It has________service(服务)around here,and few people go there to have meals.A．the best B．the worst C．the most patient D．the most careful38．（22-23八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—What do you think of the book Gulliver’s Travels?—I think it’s______book that I have ever read.A．more excited B．more exciting C．the most excited D．the most exciting39．（22-23八年级上·江苏徐州·期中）—Which month has________days in a year?—February.A．few B．the fewest C．little D．the least40．（21-22八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Voice《开讲啦》is_________very popular TV program in China.One of _________most famous hosts,Sa Beining,always appears in it.A．a;/B．the;the C．a;the D．the;/41．（22-23八年级上·江苏南京·期中）Young people today like to watch TV with________advertisements.A．less B．least C．fewer D．fewest42．（22-23八年级上·江苏连云港·阶段练习）Moon Man became one of_________last month.A．the most popular films B．more popular filmC．much popular film D．the popularest film43．（22-23八年级上·江苏南京·期中）Frisbee is one of________sports among young people these days.You can often see frisbees flying over squares and parks.A．more popular B．less popular C．the least popular D．the most popular44．（22-23八年级上·江苏南京·期中）—How________she is writing!—Oh,she is the________girl in my class.A．carefully;most careful B．careful;most careful C．carefully;careful D．careful;careful45．（21-22八年级上·江苏南京·期末）—What do you think of the film The Battle at Lake Changjin?—I think it’s_________film that I have ever seen.A．the most exciting B．the most excited C．more exciting D．more excited 46．（21-22八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）—Which month has________days in a year?—February,of course.A．fewer B．less C．the fewest D．the least47．（21-22八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）Peter is_________of the six students.A．heavy B．heavier C．heaviest D．the heaviest48．（21-22八年级上·江苏淮安·期末）All of them can take the job,but I just want to know who is________.A．the most patient B．more patient C．the most patiently D．patient 49．（21-22八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—What do you think of________movie The Battle at Lake Changjin?—Oh,Wonderful!it’s one of________best movies in China.A．a;a B．the;the C．the;a;D．a;the50．（21-22八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）—Sun Hai,put on more clothes when you go out.—I don’t have to.The weather report says it will be_________day in this month.A．a hot B．the hot C．the hottest D．a hotter参考答案：1．1.bigger;biggest2.more;most3.more generous;most generous4.Nicer;nicest5.Healthier;healthiest6. farther/further;farthest/furthest8.Easier;easiest9.worse;worst10.more popular;most.popular1．C【详解】句意：上海比日本的任何一个城市都大，不是吗？考查形容词比较级句型。

Unit4Grammar时间状语从句语法复习牛津译林版英语九年级上册

牛津译林版9A Unit 4 Grammar 时间状语从句语法复习（一）before，after，when和while引导的时间状语从句时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。

我们可以用before，after，when和while引导时间状语从句，这些连词既可放在句首，也可放在句中。

一、before引导的时间状语从句before意为“在……之前”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。

▶She worked in Shanghai before she came here.她来这儿之前在上海工作。

▶Close the windows before you leave the room, please.在你离开房间前，请关上窗。

二、after引导的时间状语从句after意为“在……之后”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。

▶After you think it over, please let me know your decision.你仔细考虑以后，请告诉我你的决定。

▶I went to school after I finished my breakfast.我吃完早饭后去上学。

▶Will you be free after two o’clock?2点钟之后你有空吗?三、when引导的时间状语从句when意为“当……时”，表示主句动作发生的特定时间。

从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。

▶When I got home，my mother was cooking diner.当我到家的时候，我的妈妈正在做饭。

▶I often think of my grandpa when I see the picture.当我看见这张照片时，我常常想起我的爷爷。

，四、while引导的时间状语从句while意为“在……期间”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中。

▶You can go swimming while I’m having lunch.我吃午饭时你可以去游泳。

grammar-语法总结训练

分词做后置定语
分词分为现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done.
分词可以做后置定语放在所修饰的名词之后，但翻译的时候要把分词放在名词前面来翻译。
Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the room? Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?
It is important that we should master a foreign language. It„s necessary that we should ban smoking in all public places. It„s natural that she should come and take care of her aged parents.
1. have sth. done(注重“结果”) 2. have sb./sth. doing… 3. have sb. do … 4. have sb./sth. done/doing…/do…
一些重点动词短语归纳
break bring call get go

hold make put turn take

2. It be +过去分词 + that…（should）...用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested, requested, ordered，required, proposed等。例如：
常考动词的词义与搭配 have的各种句型及用法

break
a. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. break one’s word(promise)/the rules(regulations) /the appointment(违背) b. The criminal tried to break away from the policeman.(摆脱) c. Our car broke down and we had to tow it to a garage.(抛锚) All our plans broke down. (计划、谈判等失败) Her health broke down under the pressure of work.(身体垮掉) Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substance.(分解)

英语语法(Grammar)

英语语法（Grammar）一、一般疑问句（The General Question Sentence）1、句子中有am ,is ,are的，把am ,is ,are提前，句号（period /΄piəriəd/）变成问号（question mark）。

例：This is a boy. →Is this a boy?2、句子中有will ,can的，把will, can提前，句号（period /΄piəriəd/）变成问号（question mark）。

例：He can play ball. →Can he play ball?3、变一般疑问句时，把I we变成you,把am变成are 。

例：I am a boy. →Are you a boy?4、当句子中没有am ,is ,are ，will ,can时，需do , does帮忙⑴当句子人称是I , we, you , they等第一、第二人称或为复数名词（Birds）时，句子前加Do，句号变问号。

例：I know that man. →Do you know that man?⑵当句子人称是she, he, it等第三人称或为单数名词（a chair）时，句子前加Does，动词变成原形（has →have）,句号变问号。

例：Lucy runs fast. →Does Lucy run fast?He has apen. →Does he have a pen?二、特殊疑问句(Special Interrogative Sentence)1、特殊疑问词：What（什么）,Who（谁）What对thing提问（thing指职业、不明白的事或物）, Who对person提问（person指人）。

结构：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句＋？例：He is a doctor.用What代替a doctor, is提前到he前→What is he?This is a chair. →What is this?That woman is my mother. →Who is that woman?2、划线部分是地点（place）：→用Where提问。

grammar语法

不规则变化

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
1.3不可数名词量的变化

物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。比较： Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。如：two-dozen eggs 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan 一个五年计划

初中英语语法【grammar】

Grammar:6A-8BA:1.average (adj.):(found by making an average) 平均的average (n.) 平均数2.alive (adj.) (having life; not dead) 活着,在世living (adj.) 活的[比较]alive与living两者都有"活着的"意思.通常情况下alive作表语(be alive),而living + n.3.amount (n.) (a quantity) 数量,数额an amount of一定数量的a large amount of +不可数名词大量的a large/huge amount of+[u]n. 约等于mucha large/great number of +可数名词大量的约等于many4.agree (v.) 同意agree with somebody 同意某人的观点agree to do something 同意做某事agree on 一致同意[反义词] disagree 不同意5.adult (v.) (a fully-grown person) 成年人[近义]grown-up (n.) 大人,成人[拓展]adult (adj.) (fully grown or developed) 成年的,发育成熟的6.abroad (adv.) (in or to another country) 在国外,到国外go abroad 去国外go aboard 上车,上船7.attraction (n.) (s.t, that people like and feel interested in) 有吸引力的事或物可数名词attract (v.) 吸引attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的8.agricultural (adj.) (connected with farming) 农业的agriculture (n.) 农业9.attention (n.) (notice, thought or interest) 注意力draw/attract one's attention 吸引,引起某人的注意Attention, please! 请注意!pay attention to something = listen carefully注意......10.alone (adv.) (without anyone else) 独自alone (adj.) 独自一人的lonely (adj.)孤独的;寂寞的注意:形容词alone只能在be动词后作表语,而lonely既可作表语又可作定语修饰名词.11.accept (v.) (to take or receive something) 接受,收受acceptable (adj.)可接受的12.air conditioner (n.) 空调air conditioned (adj.) 有空调的13.alarm (n.) 警报器fire alarm 火警警报器14.author (n.) 作者[近义]writer (n.) 作家,作者15.a bit (to a small degree; somewhat) 有点.一点可修饰比较级,形容词,动词等等. = a little16.at once 立刻,马上[注意]表示"立刻,马上"的词或词组还有:immediately, right now, in no time，without delay.17.as well as = and … as well 也,还E.g. Mr Hu (as well as his student) is preparing for the festival.插入语就近原则The students as well as their teacher are preparing for the festival.18.asleep (adj.) (只能做表语)睡着的be asleep =fall asleep = go to sleep feel sleepy 昏睡的go to bed 上床睡觉(发生在sleep前)19.ambition (n.) 追求目标的，雄心，理想，志向ambitious (adj.) 有雄心的，野心勃勃的one’s ambition is to be / to do20.architect (n.) 建筑师architecture (n.) 建筑（不可数）21.all not … at all （强调否定）根本不22.achieve (v.) 实现，得到= getachievement (n.) 成就，功绩23.assist (v.) 帮助，协助，援助=helpassistant (n.) 助手24.attend (v.) 出席，参加(会议) =go to25.afraid (adj.) 害怕be afraid of something / doing something=be frightened of =be hurt26.aboard (adv.) 上船（或飞机，火车等）hurry aboard 匆忙上船= go aboard = go aboard in a hurry [注意] aboard与abroad 拼写相近，但发音，意思不同。

英语语法知识大全grammar

一. Tense (1. 时间状语; 2. 动词)1.一般现在时:1) 和时间无关;The sun rise s in the east and set s in the west.2) 在时间和条件状语中，用一般现在时代替将来时。

“主将从现”I’ll ring you as soon as/if he come s back.2.现在进行时:1) 表示厌恶、感激等强烈的感情。

She is always cooking some delicious food for us.He is always finding fault with his employees.3.一般过去时1) 和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如: yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, before---, a few days ago, when…等He smok ed forty cigarettes a day at that time.2) used to do, be used to doing, be used to do sthHe used to work fourteen hours a day.I am used to getting up early in the morning.The pen is used to draw the picture.4.现在完成时(Present Perfect )现在完成时的时间状语1)不确定的过去时间状语：（already, yet）, before, recently, lately2)频率时间状语：often, sometimes, never, ever, once, twice, three times3)包括现在时间在内时间状语：now, just, today, this morning(week, month)，until(up to) now, so far, in the past(last) two days(weeks, months),all day, for three years, since 19905.过去完成时(Past Perfect)1) 过去的过去They fulfill ed the plan earlier than they had expected.2) 过去完成时常和“by the end (time) of + 过去时间”连用3) hardly/scarcely ... when... 和no sooner ....than常用过去完成时=as soon asI had hardly reached the school when the bell rang.No sooner had I reached the school than the bell rang.6. 将来完成时将来完成时常和“by the end(time) of + 将来时间”连用。

英语语法Englishgrammar

英语语法Englishgrammar
3. 句子(sentence) = 主语(subject) + 谓语(predicate) + （表(predicative)、宾(object)、定(attributive)、状(adverbial)、同位(appositive)、独立成分 (independent element) – 句中可有可无）。主语：是句子主体，表示谓语陈述和说明的是谁、是什么的成分。即是谓语动词的执行者。可用代词、名词、数词、名词短语、不定时短语动名词短语、主语从句、形式主语it等表示（举例）。
英语语法Englishgrammar
表语：由联系动词引导的、说明主语身份、性质、状态的成分。用名、代、数、形、名短、代短、形短、不定短、介短、表从等表示（举例）。
He is a writer. （名表）他是作家。 He appears a most plain man. （名短表）他看起来是一个很普通的人。 This is mine. （代表）这是我的。 The task is one of great importance. （代短表）这是一项很重要的任务。
英语语法Englishgrammar
I’m forty. （数表）我四十岁。 It is very hot today. （形表）今天很热。 To see is to believe. （不定短表）眼见为实。 Our greatest happiness is serving the people. （动名短表）我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。 He is at rest now. （介短表）他现在在休息。 My idea is that we should do it at once. （表从）我的意思是我们马上干。

英语归纳总结格式

英语归纳总结格式英语归纳总结是提高语言能力的一项重要任务。

通过归纳总结，我们可以将学过的知识整理并加深理解。

下面是一种常用的英语归纳总结格式，帮助你有效地组织和表达自己的想法。

一、引言（Introduction）引言部分是整篇总结的开端，可以通过以下方式进行：1.简要介绍总结的背景和目的。

2.提出具体的总结问题或主题。

二、主体部分（Main Body）主体部分是总结的核心，你可以根据具体的归纳总结内容进行分段。

下面是一些可能的段落主题：1.重点概括（Key Points）：逐点总结你在学习过程中的重点内容。

可以按照学习的顺序进行排列，或根据重要程度进行排序。

2.常见错误（Common Mistakes）：总结你在学习过程中经常犯的错误。

列举这些错误，并提供正确的解析和改正方法。

3.学习技巧（Study Tips）：分享你在学习过程中积累的有效学习技巧。

可以包括记忆方法、阅读技巧、口语练习等方面的建议。

4.语法总结（Grammar Summary）：总结你在学习英语语法时遇到的主要知识点。

可以根据不同的语法现象进行分类，例如时态、从句、虚拟语气等。

5.词汇积累（Vocabulary Accumulation）：总结你在学习过程中掌握的重要词汇。

可以按主题进行分类，如食物、交通工具、环境等。

6.听力技巧（Listening Skills）：总结你在提高听力技巧方面的经验。

可以分享关于听力材料的选择、听写训练和听力策略的建议。

7.口语表达（Speaking Practice）：总结你在口语表达方面的进展和经验。

可以包括口语练习的话题、口语素材的积累和口语交流技巧等。

三、总结（Conclusion）总结部分是对整篇总结的概括和结束。

你可以通过以下方式进行总结：1.概括你在总结过程中得到的主要发现和收获。

2.强调总结的重要性和对个人英语学习的意义。

四、致谢（Acknowledgements）最后，你可以适当地表达对在学习过程中给予你帮助和支持的人的感谢之情。

4-2 Grammar语法过去分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语(学生版)(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World4.2 Grammar过去分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语知识精讲概念一、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。

The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。

[名师点津]①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。

There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。

②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。

Is there anything unsolved？还有什么没解决的吗？(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。

2．过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。

九年级英语上册 Unit8 重点语法归纳

九年级英语上册 Unit8 重点语法归纳九年级英语上册 Unit8 重点语法归纳Grammar: 介词的用法介词是起“中介”作用的词，当某个词不能直接连接其他词时，就需要介词来帮忙，所以它的搭配能力特别强，是英语中最活跃的词之一。

介词可以放在名词、形容词、动词后面，构成不同的搭配或短语。

放在名词后面例如：The villagungry travellers and gavd .村民们很同情饥饿的旅行者，端出热的食物给他们吃。

gratulaug article.祝贺你写出这么有意思的文章。

2. 放在形容词后面例如：You ought to be ashamed of yourselves. You’ve createdbl你们应该感到惭愧，都是你们惹的祸。

放在不及物动词后面例如：Let’s put our heads togeth er and decide on a plan of a让我们集思广益，决定一项行动计划。

accused of stealingash box. 她被指控从现金柜里偷钱。

介词后面接名词、代词（宾格形式）、动词等词。

例如：If youwo chairs,you will fall betwFor life,you mua如果你试图坐在两把椅子上，你就将掉在他们中间，对于生活你必须选择一把椅子。

Blagly agaganimalbecauanimals should also havgd布莱克先生强烈反对将动物养在动物园，因为他认为动物也有权利享受自由。

介词搭配：一．常与介词of连用的短语动词+of：die of，hear of，remind of，2. be +adj.+of：be afraid/d of，be confident of，be proud of , be tired常用短语：a kind/all kinds of, becauad二．常与介词at连用的短语动词+at：arrive aat, look at, laugh at, shout at 2. be+adj.+at: be good at, be surprised at, disappointed at, bd at, be mad aat +n.: at a time, at all, aat least, at last, aaaa与介词at连用的其他短语：ad of, aat the bu三．常与介词for连用的短语：动词+for：pay for，prepaaleavapologaapplyfor,ld for,waall for, ruand2. be+adj. +for: be good/bad for,be famous /known for, be useful for, be ready for, bble for, bv+n.: for example/instauale, for a whillf.四．常与介词from连用的短语动词+from：，die from，escape from，hear from，learn from， result from， su，，borrow2. be +adj.+from: be dbe madbe abbe fa与介词from连用的其他短语：from door todbeginningd, from day to day五．常与介词in 连用的短语：动词+ in： believe in，break in， bring in， call in， fill in， hand in， involve in， lie in，result in，succeed in，give in， arriv2. be + 形容词+ in：be engaged in， be born in， be active in， be busy in， be absorbed in，bbd in， be lacking in， be successful+ 名词： in all， in advance， in bed，in brief，， in public， in return，，danger，in trouble，， in general六．常与介词about 连用的短语：1．动词+about： worry about， quarrel about，think about， talk about2．Be+形容词+about：be crazy about，be excited about， bd about， be anxious bout七．常与介词on 连用的短语：1．动词+on： call on，depend on，， go on，live on， turn on， spend on， put on，ld on，carry on， feed on， base on， congratulation on，hav2. be+形容词/过去分词+on：be dependent on， bd on， b+名词：on foot，on board，on duty，on earth，on fire， on holiday， on business，andand，on show八．常与介词to 连用的短语：动词+ to： adjust to，l， belong to，get to，write to， reply to，devote to， look forwarday a，prefer… to…，respond to， add2. be + 形容词+ to： be close to，be harmful to， b， be polite to， be usefulbe used to （doing）sth. be rude to， be similar to， be thankful to， be kind与介词to 连用的其他常用短语：to one’s surprise， according to， to a deg九．常与介词with 连用的短语动词+ with：agree with，begin with，cover…with…, do /de al with，fight w2. be+形容词+ with： be angry with， bwith， be busy with， be filled with， be pleased wbe satisfied with，be popular w．动词+ sth./sb+ with +sth./sb: compare…with…, provide…with。

Grammar(基本语法)

Grammar1st basic sentence patternEverybody laughed.People suffered.The sun sets in the west.Google becomes one of the most admired companies.Ipad2 looks gorgeous!My face turned red.They fall in love.常见系动词：look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall (ill/asleep), stand/sit (still), become, turn等Tips：of + 名词It is of + 名词，意思等同于it is + 该名词的形容词形式，是很地道的说法。

例：This book is of great help to me. 这本书对我很有帮助。

= This book is greatly helpful to me.Oil hits its highest price since September 2008.Premier Wen Jiabao made a report on the work of the government.Beijing impose d house purchase restriction policy.常见动词总结：pass, give, show, tell, lend, take (to)buy, cook, get, sing, make (for)I gave him my address.Give me your bank card. => Give your bank card to me.buy me a big house. . => Buy a big house for me. to 表示动作方向或for 表示动作目标I found the box empty.On Facebook, How to Keep Your Group SecretThe Technology Made Mobile Payments a RealityI find it sensible 【that you are participating in the South Stream project】.常见动词：make, keep, find, see, leave注意：感官动词（see hear notice watch feel observe）后跟宾补，有两种形式。

grammar(语法)

2 A: The school to be built next year is for the disabled children. will be B: The school which _______ _______ built next year is for the disabled children.
过去分词（done）否定(not done)
动词不定式的时态和语态：
主动形式
一般式完成式进行式 to do to have done to be doing
被动形式
to be done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
Doing 的时态和语态：
to sing , singing, sing, sung, being sung
to sing 5 We advised him _______________ the beautiful song again. (我们建议她再唱一次这首歌)
Attribute(定语) to
do, doing，done
3)作表语
to do doing done
＊All that I want is to learn from practice.
＊His favorite sport is playing basketball Playing basketball is his favorite sport ＊He is disappointed. ＊He is disappointing. 他很失望他令人失望
5)作状语
to do doing done
*动词不定式可以作目的，原因和结果状语

一般过去时的语法规则 (grammar)

一般过去时的语法规则 (grammar)一般过去时是英语中用来描述过去发生的动作、事件或状态的一种时态。

在使用一般过去时时，我们需要遵守以下语法规则：- 动词过去式的构成：动词过去式通常是将动词原形加上-ed 结尾。

例如，work → worked；play → played。

然而，一些动词的过去式形式是不规则的，需要进行记忆，例如，go → went；eat → ate。

动词过去式的构成：动词过去式通常是将动词原形加上-ed结尾。

例如，work → worked；play → played。

然而，一些动词的过去式形式是不规则的，需要进行记忆，例如，go → went；eat → ate。

- 肯定句的结构：在肯定句中，我们使用主语+动词过去式+其他补充成分的结构。

例如，I worked hard yesterday.肯定句的结构：在肯定句中，我们使用主语+动词过去式+其他补充成分的结构。

例如，I worked hard yesterday.- 否定句的结构：在否定句中，我们使用主语+did not/didn't+动词原形+其他补充成分的结构。

例如，I didn't go to the party lastnight.否定句的结构：在否定句中，我们使用主语+did not/didn't+动词原形+其他补充成分的结构。

例如，I didn't go to the party last night.- 疑问句的结构：在疑问句中，我们使用Did+主语+动词原形+其他补充成分的结构。

例如，Did you finish your homework?疑问句的结构：在疑问句中，我们使用Did+主语+动词原形+其他补充成分的结构。

例如，Did you finish your homework?- 时间状语的使用：一般过去时常与表示过去时间的状语词连用，以明确动作、事件或状态发生的时间。

Unit2Unit3Grammar宾语从句语法复习牛津译林版九年级英语上册

牛津译林版9A Unit 2-Unit 3 Grammar 宾语从句语法复习（一）由that，if或whether引导的宾语从句在复合句中，充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

一、由that引导的宾语从句1.that可以引导宾语从句，此时从句部分相当于一个陈述句。

that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

宾语从句可跟在主句动词（know，think，believe，hope，mean，wish，say等）或主句形容词（afraid，certain，sure，glad，sorry 等）之后。

▶I believe (that) you are a person of god character.我认为你是一个具有优秀品质的人。

▶I hope (that) she will become a wonderful woman just like her mother.我希望她将成为一个像她母亲一样了不起的女性。

▶I am afraid (that) I will lose this important match.恐怕我会输掉这场重要的比赛。

▶I am glad (that) you can come for dinner.我很开心你能来吃晚餐。

【特别提醒】在以下情况下，that不可省略。

（1）当宾语从句的主语是that 时。

▶He says that that is a real golden necklace.他说那是一条真的黄金项链。

（2）当宾语从句前有插入语时。

▶He says, for example, that he is interested in Maths.他说，例如他对数学感兴趣。

2.由that 引导的宾语从句的否定形式当主句的主语是第一人称（I，we），而且谓语动词是think，guess，believe，suppose，expect等时，如果从句要表达否定含义，则否定只能体现在主句的谓语动词上面，这种情况叫作否定前移。

Unit3单元语法Grammar特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句九年级英语全一册单元语法(人教版)

班级姓名学号分数Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（时间：60分钟，满分：120分）1.特殊疑问词有what, when, where, how, which, whom, who, whose。

这些词语充当宾语从句的引导词的同时，在宾语从句中也有自己的实际含义和作用。

2.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序和if/whether引导的语序是一样的，都是陈述语序。

3.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的时态规则和if/whether引导的时态规则是一样的。

主句一般现在，从句不定；主句过去时态，从句过去某一时态；从句客观真理，从句时态一般现在时。

一、单项选择(本大题共60小题，每小题2分，共120分)1．（2024·海南海口·一模）—I didn’t pay attention to ________ just now.—Oh, but you should. His words are helpful to us.A．when Mr. Miller said B．what Mr. Miller said C．what did Mr. Miller say2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）—My Australian friend doubted in his latest email ________.—Ice and Snow World, its delicious food and kind people.A．why did many people have a trip to HarbinB．how Harbin bees popular in ChinaC．what many people travelled to Harbin for3．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）— A personality test called MBTI is now very popular. I really wonder ________.— It can help you know more about yourself as well as guide your education and job choices.A．why does the test bee so popular B．if you are an ‘I’ person or an ‘E’ personC．that many people find the test helpful D．what the personality test is often used for4．（2024·江苏常州·一模）— Could you tell me ________?— Sure. It’s about Mencius’ mother moved her house three times for her son’s education.A．what this book is mainly about B．whom this book was written byC．when this book was finished D．where was this book published5．（2324九年级下·湖北武汉·期中）The famous song “We sing high praise of our homeland, that is to be thriving (繁荣) and strong” tells us ________.A．how we should praise our country B．who praises our countryC．what we wish our country to be like D．what we thought our country was like6．（2024·广西南宁·二模）—Lingling, could you tell me ________ during the May Day holiday this year?—Sure. We did the volunteer work in the munity.A．what you did B．where you visited C．when you worked7．（2024·山东青岛·二模）—I wonder ________, Jack.—I am making a gift for my dad. Father’s Day is around the corner.A．what you are doing B．when you are leavingC．where you are going D．who you are talking to8．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）—We aren’t interested in ________. What matters most is how you will behave from now on.—Got it.A．what you are used to liking B．what you used to be likeC．what are you used to being like D．what did you use to be like9．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Everyone has gains, but it depends on ________ you will do for your dream.A．how B．what C．which D．why10．（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·二模）Shenzhou18 was lifted off successfully! Could you tell me ________?A．in which center it will be lifted offB．who entered China Space Station this timeC．what will it mean to the development of ChinaD．that three astronauts entered China Space Station11．（2024·四川泸州·一模）—I wonder ________.—Someone who can make me a better person.A．how you often meet your friends B．how do you make your friends happyC．who you want to make friends with D．who do you spend weekends with12．（2024·山东菏泽·二模）—Our graduation party will be on June 8th.—That’s wonderful! Could you tell me ________?A．if all of our teachers joined usB．where will it be heldC．who will give the performances13．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）—Mum, could you tell me ________?—Someone who can make you a better person.A．what makes good friends B．what were true friends likeC．who should I ask for help D．who I should make friends with14．（2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模）—As a teenager, do you know ________ when you are in trouble?—Yes. I can ask my parents, teachers or any other adult I trust.A．who you can ask for help B．when you can ask for help C．how you can ask for help15．（2024·江苏南京·一模）This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. ” tells us ________.A．how should we behave B．who we can learn fromC．why do we need teachers D．what we can say in public16．（2324九年级下·云南昭通·阶段练习）— Jack, do you know ________?—Yes, he is my classmate Huang Lei.A．who the boy in blue is B．who is the boy in blueC．what is the boy like D．what the boy is like17．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.” tells us ________.A．who can we learn from B．who we can learn fromC．how should we treat others D．how we should treat others18．（2024九年级·全国·专题练习）—I wonder ________.—Someone who can make me a better person.A．when you often meet your friends B．how you make your friends happyC．who you want to make friends with D．where you spend the weekend with your friends 19．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）It’s not your talents but your efforts that decide ________ you are, guys.A．how B．who C．which D．when20．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—Sara, could you tell us ?—My teachers. They are always there and bring out the best in me.A．who do you admire most at schoolB．how you improve your spoken EnglishC．who helped you most in junior high21．（2324九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）—Do you know ________ in the 19th Asian Games in Hang Zhou?—Sure. China. We are also the top in total gold medals. I am so proud of my great country.A．where got the most medalsB．which country got the most medalsC．which country the most gold medals got22．（2023·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Excuse me, could you tell me _________?—Sorry, I am new here.A．where is the railway station B．how can I get to the railway stationC．where the railway station was D．which bus I shall take to the railway station 23．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）I found a hat, but I didn’t know ________.A．who it was B．who was it C．whose it was D．whose was it24．（2223九年级上·湖北武汉·期中）Eat ________ cake you like and leave the other for ________ es late.A．any; who B．whichever, who C．whatever; whoever D．either: whoever 25．（2024·江苏南通·一模）—Caroline, could you tell me ________?—Er, next Friday.A．when will School Art Festival take place B．when School Art Festival will take place C．where School Art Festival will take place D．where will School Art Festival take place 26．（2024·黑龙江绥化·二模）—Excuse me, do you know ________?—Next Friday.A．when will the doctor e backB．when the doctor will e backC．how will the doctor e back27．（2024·甘肃定西·二模）—Could you please tell me ________?—About twenty minutes ago.A．when you saw this kid B．where you saw this kidC．when did you see this kid D．where did you see this kid 28．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）—Sally, could you tell me ________?—Next Friday.A．where we will a schoolleavers’ partyB．where will we have a schoolleavers’ partyC．when we will have a schoolleavers’ partyD．when will we have a schoolleavers’ party29．（2024·广西梧州·二模）—I’m doing a survey. Could you tell me ________? —Sure. I usually go to work at 7: 00 a.m.A．where you go to workB．how you go to workC．when you go to work30．（2024·山东青岛·二模）—Do you know _____?—I don’t remember the exact date. But it’s really convenient for us.A．why Qingdao Metro Line 6 ran B．where Qingdao Metro Line 6 ranC．how Qingdao Metro Line 6 ran D．when Qingdao Metro Line 6 ran 31．（2024·安徽黄山·二模）—Can you tell me ________?—Sure. About two years ago.A．how long did the new building build B．how long the new building was builtC．when did the new building build D．when the new building was built32．（2024·广东汕头·一模）—Could you tell me ________?—At the beginning of July.A．how can I get to the bank B．how soon he will be thereC．when you will start your vacation D．how long he has been back33．（2024·天津红桥·二模）—Do yow know __________ the Dragon Boat Festival is this year? —Sorry, I don’t know the exact date.A．what B．why C．when D．where34．（2024·天津南开·二模）—I don’t know _________.—Maybe tomorrow.A．when he is leaving B．why is he leavingC．when he was leaving D．what time is he leaving35．（2024·北京昌平·二模）— Wow! You’ve got the book Wonder. Could you please tell me ________?— In the book shop near our school.A．when you bought it B．when did you buy itC．where you bought it D．where did you buy it36．（2024·吉林长春·一模）—Excuse me, Miss Hu, could you please tell me ________?—At the school hall.A．when the talent show begins B．when does the talent show beginC．where will we have the talent show D．where we will have the talent show37．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）—I want to know ________.—Maybe Dongguanjie is a good place to go.A．why I can buy some tasty Yangzhou snacksB．how can I buy some tasty Yangzhou snacksC．when can I buy some tasty Yangzhou snacksD．where I can buy some tasty Yangzhou snacks38．（2024·四川成都·二模）The policeman asked the child ________ so that he could take him home.A．what he liked B．where he lived C．why he was here39．（2024·广西玉林·一模）—Aunt Li, the Dragon Boat Festival is ing. Could you please tell me _________?—Sure! You can buy some in RT Mart Supermarket. It’s not far from here.A．when you make zongziB．where I can buy some zongziC．who likes eating zongzi40．（2024·福建漳州·二模）—Tom, do you know ________?—In Italy.A．when the 2026 Winter Olympics will be heldB．how the 2026 Winter Olympics will be heldC．where the 2026 Winter Olympics will be held41．（2024·云南玉溪·二模）—How beautiful your skirt is! Could you please tell me ________?—Thanks. I bought it at an online store.A．where you bought it B．when you bought itC．where did you buy it D．when did you buy it42．（2024·四川泸州·二模）— I’d like to visit Kate tomorrow. Do you know ________?— Sorry, I don’t know her address, either.A．why she lives there B．why does she live thereC．where does she live D．where she lives43．（2024·山东青岛·一模）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?—There’s a post office on the second floor. You can make it there.A．when I can mail a letter B．how I can mail a letterC．where I can mail a letter D．how long I can mail a letter44．（2024·云南昆明·二模）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________?—In Paris, France.A．where will the 33rd Olympic Games be held B．when will the 33rd Olympic Games be held C．where the 33rd Olympic Games will be held D．when the 33rd Olympic Games will be held 45．（2024·河北保定·二模）Jack won the writing petition last Friday. But do you know ______?A．who won the petition B．how Jack could write so wellC．what petition Jack won D．when the petition was46．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）—I wonder ________ we can call on more people to protect the environment.—Making a video can be helpful.A．why B．how C．where D．when47．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—Could you tell me ________?—By practicing day by day.A．where sports stars did so wellB．how sports stars did so wellC．when sports stars did so well48．（2024·吉林长春·一模）—Have you decided __________ in the poor area?—By sending books and school things.A．how will you help the childrenB．how you will help the childrenC．what did you do for the childrenD．what you did for the children49．（2024·北京丰台·二模）—Can you tell me ________?—Yes. He went there by train yesterday.A．when Mark goes to Chengdu B．when does Mark go to ChengduC．how Mark went to Chengdu D．how did Mark go to Chengdu50．（2024·吉林长春·二模）—Peter, what are you doing?—I’m writing to my pen pal in the US. He wonders .A．what kind of food do we eat during the Spring FestivalB．why did ancient Chinese build the Great WallC．how tea was invented by accident in historyD．that so many people are interested in Beijing Opera51．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）The idiom (成语) “Taking history as a mirror, I can understand the rise and fall of a nation” tells us that ________.A．why is history interestingB．what is important in the historyC．how important history is52．（2024·吉林白山·二模）—Could you tell me ________ Bob has stayed in China?—For two weeks.A．how soon B．how far C．how long53．（2024·云南昆明·二模）—Tony, could you tell me ________?—By reading English aloud every morning.A．how can I improve my spoken English B．how I can improve my spoken EnglishC．when can I improve my spoken English D．when I can improve my spoken English 54．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）—Andy, is there anything else you want to know about China?—Yes, I’m still wondering ________A．how is the Chinese paper cut madeB．why the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at the Dragon Boat FestivalC．that the Chinese people like to play the dragon danceD．who the Great Wall was built in ancient times55．（2024·山东菏泽·二模）—The light in his room is still on. Do you know ________?—To prepare for the final exam.A．if he works hard B．when he stops working C．why he keeps working 56．（2024·山东滨州·二模）—Your teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me ________?—It is more convenient to municate with our parents.A．why he set it up B．why did he set it upC．when it was set up D．how was it set up57．（2024·湖北武汉·三模）“Clear waters and green mountains are as important as gold and silver” reminds us ________.A．where should we go on vacation B．why we should respect natureC．how can we protect the environment D．what we can do to make more money58．（2024·天津河北·二模）—Do you know ________?—Because they listened to the song China in the lights. They take pride in our country.A．what did the students listen to B．what the students listened toC．why did the students feel so moved D．why the students felt so moved59．（2024·云南楚雄·二模）—Claire, can you tell me ________?—I’m not sure about that. Maybe he always smiles at everyone and says “hello” when he meets people.A．how Jack became so popular in your class B．why Jack is so popular in your classC．if Jack is popular in your class D．when Jack has been so popular in your class 60．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）—I wonder ______ you always give away your clothes to the munity.—I hope they can e to the poor area where people need them.A．how long B．when C．why D．whether参考答案：1．B【详解】句意：——我没有注意米勒先生刚才说了什么。