华科2017新传真题

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华科新闻与传播真题

17年新闻与传播专业基础一、简答题（12分*5）1、群体传播对群体规范的作用2、施拉姆的贡献3、1970年以来新闻新秩序运动中，发展中国家的新闻新秩序理想4、制播分离对电视媒体经营的意义5、媒介审判是什么？有什么特点？二、论述题1、从流言的角度来说，群体行为中信息流的特点（30分）2、大公报的四不方针及其在历史中的意义（30分）三、材料：有一个男的是网约车司机也是直播博主在车里装了隐蔽摄像头，在没有跟乘客说明的情况下对乘客和谈话内容进行直播。

有16万的人参与观看。

（30分）1.根据材料分析男子网络直播的行为是否侵权。

结合新闻侵权构成要件分析。

2.谈谈网络直播出现侵权问题如何规范？17年新闻与传播专业综合能力一、报道策划（40分）材料：房屋限购限贷2016年国庆后，北京、上海、广州、武汉、厦门、苏州、合肥等城市的房价涨幅厉害，政府纷纷提出提高首付比例或者限制贷款或者禁止购买第三套房政策，调控楼市。

写一篇关于“房屋限购限贷的市民意见”的报道策划。

要求：有话题切入，报道模版设计、采访问题、深入方向报道重点。

二、消息改写（50分）要求：用倒金字塔结构材料：树旅行创始人宋宇鹏，中秋各地的人造“月亮”。

材料共分为三个部分：第一部分：树旅行的创始人的一个专访，讲述了创办树旅行的过程和对树旅行的理解以及一个中秋的特色活动，3D打印的月亮灯。

第二部分：人造月亮成为流行，各地巨型月亮引围观。

第三部分：人造月亮起源来自法国一个艺术家构想，又说美国某计划提到过，由月亮飞船引发了超薄膜反射月亮的事情。

【网络传播方向】选做1.新媒体环境下，主流新闻网站如何加强舆论引导？（15分）2.知乎类知识分享模式的影响因素（20分）3.以网络直播为例，谈谈网络传播管理中的问题与对策（25分）16年新闻与传播专业基础一、报道策划（本大题共1小题，40分）以山东青岛“天价虾”事件为切入点，针对各地旅游景点宰客乱象以及治理方法做专题报道，要求拟定报道计划，在报道中加入对新媒体的运用。

新闻与传播硕士新闻与传播专业基础(新闻业务)历年真题试卷汇编

新闻与传播硕士新闻与传播专业基础（新闻业务）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题 4. 案例分析题1．纯净版面(北大2012年研)正确答案：纯净版面是指简洁朴素、整齐简单的版面。

这一概念由报纸版面专家马里奥.加西亚提出。

它是20世纪末报纸版面设计中出现的一种趋势。

“纯净版面”上对于版面元素的应用十分单纯，奉行“少即是多”的美学观念。

它的作用和目的在于使读者目光能很直接地投向新闻及图片本身，提高了可读性和易读性，帮助读者最便捷地获取信息。

《华尔街日报》和《纽约时报》的版面设计是“纯净版面”的代表。

涉及知识点：新闻业务2．长栏与破栏(厦门大学2007年研)正确答案：长栏与破栏是变栏的两种形式。

版面除了采用基本栏之外，有时还采用变栏，即以基本栏为基础而演化出来的栏。

变栏有两种：一是长栏，即宽度是整倍数于基本栏的栏，如两栏、三栏等；另一种是破栏，即宽度是非整倍数于基本栏的栏。

破栏可以大于基本栏，如3破2、5破2等，也可以小于基本栏，如2破3等。

目前中国对开报纸采用的都是8栏制，基本栏已经比较小，所以小于基本栏的破栏用得很少。

涉及知识点：新闻业务3．专刊(中国传媒大学2015年研)正确答案：专刊是指围绕某一特定主题所设的栏目或编辑的特刊。

专刊是以特殊的方式反映并引导社会舆论，传播先进思想的手段。

专刊是读者深入了解外界重要变动的窗口，是传播各类知识的课堂。

专刊可以丰富读者文化生活，推动文化事业发展。

专刊是各大报纸突出报纸个性的手段，是报纸联系读者的重要纽带。

按照选材范围、题材性质、内容配置的结构方式以及表现方法等综合因素分类，专刊有新闻性专刊、学术性专刊、服务性专刊和社会性专刊等。

涉及知识点：新闻业务4．版面语言(清华大学2018年研；天津师大2015年研)正确答案：版面语言是指版面特有的表现手段。

版面语言的基本形式包括：版面空间、编排手段和版面布局结构。

2017年华中科技大学 334新闻与传播专业综合能力硕士研究生招生考试大纲

2017硕士专业学位研究生入学考试《新闻与传播专业综合能力》考试大纲（科目代码：334）第一部分：考试说明一、考试性质《新闻与传播专业综合能力》是我校新闻与传播硕士专业学位研究生入学必考的专业基础科目之一。

旨在检验考生新闻传播实务的基本知识和基本技能的掌握程度，以及分析问题和解决问题的能力。

考试对象为报考我校新闻与传播硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的准考考生。

二、考察学科范围1．必考范围：新闻采访、新闻报道写作2．选考范围：新闻评论、电视实务、网络传播、广告实务（备注：选考的四个部分中由考生根据报考方向选择相应的部分）三、考试形式与答题时间（一）答卷方式：闭卷，笔试（二）答题时间：180分钟三、内容比例与试卷结构（一）必答部分包括下列内容（占总卷面分数的60%）新闻采访、新闻写作60％（二）选答部分包括下列内容（占总卷面分数的40%）在新闻评论、电视实务、网络传播、广告实务4部分内容中，选其中1部分答题，占总卷面分数的40%（三）题型简答题写作题分析论述操作（四）参考书目1、必答部分：孙发友：《新闻报道写作通论》（第二版）．人民出版社2006年版何志武：《《新闻采访》（第三版），武汉大学出版社2011年8月2、选答部分新闻评论方向：赵振宇．《现代新闻评论》(第二版)．武汉大学出版社2009年11月第2版.广播电视专业方向：石长顺：《电视专题与专栏：当代电视实务教程（修订版）》，复旦大学出版社，2013年1月版;郭小平：《视听新媒体导论》，北京大学出版社，2014年8月版网络传播方向：网络传播导论（第二版），中国人民大学出版社2016年版。

主编：钟瑛；副主编：罗昕、张军辉、范梦娟广告实务方向：余明阳、陈先红．《广告策划创意学》（第二版）．复旦大学出版社2003年版陈先红著《现代公共关系学》高等教育出版社 2009年第二部分考查要点一、新闻采访第一章采访与新闻采访新闻采访的涵义及其特点第三章采访与新闻事实新闻事实的类型和特点；把握新闻报道的度；新闻采访的时机。

华南理工大学_新闻与传播专业基础2012--2017年_考研真题

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华南理工大学 2017 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：新闻与传播专业基础适用专业：新闻与传播（专硕）共一、名词解释（每小题 5 分，共 30 分） 1.诽谤 2.新闻真实 3.受众 4.传播流 5.镜中我 6.香农－韦弗模式二、简答（每小题 10 分，共 60 分） 1.从案例出发说说你对宣传的认识。 2.如何理解人内传播？ 3.大众传播具有哪些重要特点？ 4.“上限效果”指的是什么，谈谈你对这个假说的看法。 5.结合案例分析信息的近用（access to）权。 6.简述发展中国家的媒介规范理论的理论要点。三、论述（每小题 20 分，共 60 分） 1.媒介技术快速发展的今天，有人认为“技术改变了一切” ，有人认为“技术带来了更大的不公平” ，你对于这些意见有什么看法，试结合实例分析。 2.试从新闻客观性的历史发展脉络出发，谈谈该理论之于中国当前新闻业的意义。 3.运用传播学相关理论分析微信传播模式及其利弊。页
第1 页6Fra bibliotek7华南理工大学 2012 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：新闻与传播专业基础适用专业：新闻学；传播学本卷满分：150 分一、名词解释（每题 5 分，小计 30 分） 1、新闻真实性 2、新闻选择 3、抽样调查 4、休眠效果 5、品牌定位 STP 步骤 6、品牌叙事
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华南理工大学 2017 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：新闻与传播专业基础适用专业：新闻传播学共 1 页一、名词解释（每小题 5 分，共 30 分） 1.诽谤 2.新闻真实 3.受众 4.传播流 5.镜中我 6.香农－韦弗模式二、简答（每小题 10 分，共 60 分） 1.从案例出发说说你对宣传的认识。 2.如何理解人内传播？ 3.大众传播具有哪些重要特点？ 4.“上限效果”指的是什么，谈谈你对这个假说的看法。 5.结合案例分析信息的近用（access to）权。 6.简述发展中国家的媒介规范理论的理论要点。三、论述（每小题 20 分，共 60 分） 1.媒介技术快速发展的今天，有人认为“技术改变了一切” ，有人认为“技术带来了更大的不公平” ，你对于这些意见有什么看法，试结合实例分析。 2.试从新闻客观性的历史发展脉络出发，谈谈该理论之于中国当前新闻业的意义。 3.运用传播学相关理论分析微信传播模式及其利弊。

华中科技大学2017年博士研究生入学考试(生理)真题

华中科技大学2017年博士研究生入学考试（生理）真题
一、选择题（30分，每题1分）
二、名词解释（每题2分，共10分）
1、负反馈调节
2、电紧张电位
3、通气/血流比值
4、牵涉痛
5、回返性抑制
三、简答题（每题5分共30分）
1、简述动作电位特点
2、简述影响气道阻力的重要因素
3、简述交感缩血管神经纤维兴奋后的效应
4、简述心室肌细胞动作电位分期及形成机制
5、胃酸缺乏病人消化不良的机制
6、简述腱反射的发生过程
四、论述题（每题10分，共30分）
1、家兔颈总动脉放血20%后，体液系统如何调节血压？
2、试述神经-肌肉接头处的兴奋传递过程
3、当吸入空气中CO2分压增高时，对呼吸运动有何影响，试述机制。

新闻传播理论主要考点及答案

一、概念题（每题6分，共计30分）1.“把关人”：又称为“守门人”，是由库尔特·卢因在《群体生活的渠道》一文中提出的。

在研究群体传播的过程时，他认为信息的流动是在一些含有“门区”的渠道里进行的，在这些渠道中，根据公正的规则或者是“把关人”的标准，决定信息是否可以进入渠道或继续在渠道里流动。

2.“群体感染”：是某种观念情绪或行为在暗示机制的作用下以异常的速度在人群中蔓延开来的过程.其传播速度快，主要原因是现场亢奋的氛围中，成员失去理智的自控能力，对外来刺激表现出了一种本能反应。

经过群体感染的过程，一种情绪、一个观点会迅速支配整个人群，并迅速引发整个人群的激烈行动。

3.“赖利夫妇的传播系统模式”：1959年，美国从事社会学研究的夫妇J.W.赖利和M.W.赖利在《大众传播与社会系统》提出一个系统模式。

该系统模式具有：①从事传播的双方即传播者和受传者都可以被看作是一个个体系统，这些个体系统各有自己的内在活动，即人内传播；②个体系统与其他个体系统相互连接，形成人际传播；③个体系统不是孤立的，而是分属于不同的群体系统，形成群体传播；④群体系统的运行又是在更大的社会结构和总体的社会系统中进行的，与社会政治、经济、文化、意识形态的大环境保持相互作用的关系等特点。

4.“知沟”：知沟理论又称知识格差，是关于大众传播活动带来的社会分化后果的一种理论假说，其代表学者是美国的传播学家蒂奇诺等。

该假说的基本观点是：在现代信息社会里，“由于社会经济地位高者通常能比社会经济低者更快更有效地获得和利用信息，因而，大众传播媒介传送的信息越多，这两者之间的信息格差和知识格差也就越有扩大的趋势”。

5.“信息社会”：信息社会也称信息化社会，是脱离工业化社会以后，信息将起主要作用的社会。

6.“5W模式”：美国政治学家哈罗德·拉斯韦尔认为传播过程由传播者、传播内容、传播渠道、受传者和传播效果5个要素和环节组成，即五W传播模式。

武汉大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试(新闻传播)专硕真题

武汉大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试（新闻传播）专硕真题
专硕334专业综合能力
一、辨析题
1.传播以及传受双方建立理解的前提是传受双方必须有共通的意义空间，对传播过程中所使用的符号又共通的理解。

但传播者的符号化过程与接收者的符号解读过程是两个独立的过程，难以形成对符号意义的共识。

因此，传受双方的误解是不可避免的。

请辨析这一观点。

2.所谓大众媒介，指的是利用特定的技术手段面向不确定的大规模人群进行传播的媒介。

网络媒体常常被用来建立人与人之间的传播关系，因此，网络媒体不是大众媒体。

请辨析这一观点。

二、论述题
新京报停刊，关于纸媒发展的两种设想:（1）融合发展（2）纸媒消亡。

结合媒介发展史，谈谈你对媒介形态演变与变化的思考。

三、分析题
1.魏则西事件为背景，分析伪信息传播的动因、社会影响及应对之策。

2.结合国内和国际报道中都存在媒介内容的偏见问题(女性、农村、发展中国家)，谈谈你对媒介偏见的理解。

专硕440专业基础（新闻方向）
一、名词解释
1.新闻价值
2.新闻线索
3.传播符号
4.议程设置
5.网络传播
二、简答题
1.为什么说新闻真实性是新闻的生命，新鲜性是新闻的灵魂？
2.新闻采访策划的方法和作用。

三、论述题
1.大数据时代，财经新闻报道的数据如何更形象化和生动化？
2.媒介融合下新闻真实性的形态如何变化？
四、业务题
1.围绕一则关于北京电信诈骗的材料，写一篇500字的评论。

2.将上述材料改写成消息。

华东师范大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试(334新闻与传播专业综合能力)真题

华东师范大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试（334新闻与传播专业综合能力）真题一、名词解释
1．数据新闻
2．舆论
3．拟太环境
4．察世俗
二、简答
1．报刊责任理论以及对我国新闻业的启示
2．质化研究和量化研究的特点
三、内在联系分析，二选一
1．评析新闻作品
2．一个表格：左边是主流媒体对环境污染、医疗等问题的报道数量；右边是人们对这些议题的认知顺序。

用新闻传播学理论分析
四、论述，二选一
1．新媒体时代的新闻业态对经典新闻传播理论的挑战和机遇
2．涵化理论对形成社会共识的影响写作：消息改写评论：毕业生就业压力。

2017苏大新传学硕真题

2017苏大新传学硕真题
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两个简答题：
文化产业和限娱令之间的关系
新媒介环境对传统文化表达方式的影响
一个论述题：
结合具体事件，论述争议性话题下受众表达舆论的特点。

一篇1000字左右的评论：
材料是姚贝娜事件
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名词解释：
文化研究学派
媒介延伸论
邵飘萍
融媒介
简答题：（四选一）
大众媒介对受众舆论的影响
简述媒介议题设置内容
新闻报道的真实性的特点
三论述(三选二)每小题15分
1如何判断新闻真实性
2结合帝吧出征和戴立忍事件分析网络舆论表达特点
3新时期网红及特点
四实务题60分
给一则材料由两个网民编造炒作的事件，《谁来救救我爸，被关进精神病院14年》
假新闻制作者彭某表示，之所以编造出郭某的女儿郭涵韵来发帖，是为了吸引更多人关注，吸引媒体关注。

记者证实新闻主角郭远征确实有精神病。

新闻炒作要基于事实和法理基础上
1拟一个微信标题一个报纸标题各五分
2写一则在政府报纸发表的新闻消息
标题导语各五分。

主题15分
3写一页发布在自媒体的新闻评论25分。

2017年清华大学新传MJC考研真题

2017年清华大学MJC考研真题334新闻与传播专业综合能力一、名词解释（50分）1.传媒产业集群效应传媒经济学内容产业集群效应（cluster）是指集中于一定区域内特定产业的众多具有分工合作关系的不同规模等级的企业与其发展有关的各种机构，组织等行为主体，通过纵横交错的网络关系紧密联系在一起的空间积聚体，代表着介于市场和等级制之间的一种新的空间经济组织形式。

明确传媒产业集群的发展方向。

传媒产业集群的发展方向主要有区域化传媒产业集群、网络化传媒产业集群、整体文化产业集群。

发展区域化传媒产业集群，有利于形成完善的产业链，有利于形成良性的竞争合作关系，有利于形成规模经济和区域竞争优势。

发展网络化传媒产业集群，可以通过收购、兼并、合资、许可证协议及供应商和约，整合不同集聚区域的优势资源，实行网络化扩张，并实现传媒集团在规模膨胀后的网络化再造，即集团内部结构由金字塔式向扁平化、网络化方向演变，由直线职能式结构向流程网络结构转变。

强调发展整体文化产业集群，是因为传媒产业作为文化产业的核心层涉及面较宽、产业关联度较大，能够带动其他文化产业发展、创造多重价值，进而增强扩张能力和辐射能力，延伸产业价值链，达到与整个文化产业的“共振”。

为此，在传媒企业层面，应着力推动成员结构优化、集群品牌打造、知识共享与互动等；在产业集群层面，应着力促进内源性力量培育、影响力扩大、网络辐射力提升等；在政府层面，应着力营造良好市场环境、人文环境、政策环境等。

2.整合营销传播市场营销与广告学内容整合营销传播（integrated marketing communication，简称IMC），是指将与企业进行市场营销有关的一切传播活动一元化的过程。

整合营销传播一方面把广告、促销、公关、直销、CI、包装、新闻媒体等一切传播活动都涵盖于营销活动的范围之内，另一方面则使企业能够将统一的传播资讯传达给顾客。

其中心思想是以通过企业与顾客的沟通满足顾客需要的价值为取向，确定企业统一的促销策略，协调使用各种不同的传播手段，发挥不同传播工具的优势，从而使企业实现促销宣传的低成本化，以高强冲击力形成促销高潮。

00853广告学(二)2017年10月历年真题及答案

2017年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试广告学(二) 试卷(课程代码00853)本试卷共3页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2．第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3．第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分，在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的。

请将其选出。

1．成立于l905年的世界上第一家广告行业组织是A．美国广告俱乐部联合会 B．全美广告协会C．全美广告监督委员会 D．美国广告主协会2．2009年7月国务院常务会议审议通过的我国第一部文化产业专项规划是A．《关于促进广告业发展的指导意见》B．《文化产业振兴规划》C．《国家“十一五”时期文化发展规划纲要》D．《广告业发展“十二五”规划》3．目前最大和最有权威性的国际广告组织是A．亚洲广告协会 B．世界广告行销公司C．国际广告协会 D．世界广告学会4．广告最基本的功能是A．信息传播功能 B．舆论监督功能C．营销功能 D．教育娱乐功能5．实行广告代理制的中心环节是A．广告媒体 B．广告客户C．消费者 D．广告公司二、多项选择题：本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分，在每小题列出的备选项中至少有两项是符合题目要求的，请将其选出，错选、多选或少选均无分。

6.广告策划在广告运作中的作用包括A．战略指导 B．实施规划C．进程制约 D．效果控制E．规范运作7．根据媒体作用的感官划分，广告媒体包括A．视觉媒体 B．印刷媒体C．听觉媒体 D．电子媒体E.视昕媒体8．为了克服广告受众的“碎片化”而进行的信息聚合的形式包括A．内容聚合 B．渠道聚合C．“社区”聚合 D．技术聚合E．人才聚合9．广告受众的社会心理特征包括A．气质 B．模仿C．感染 D．遵从E．角色10．网络媒介的测定要素和方法包括A．独立用户数量 B．网页浏览数量C．曝光次数 D．点击率E．转化率第二部分非选择题三、填空题：本大题共5小题。

武大、华科、华师考研真题

（2）公关部分
材料：魏泽西事件始末
问题：
a、你怎么看待这个危机公关，然后危机失败的原因是什么？
b、你如何解决这个问题？
c、有人说危机公关就是洗白，你怎么认为，你的危机公关观是什么？
4、广播电视与数字媒体方向
（1）简答：叙论型电视节目的报道模式
（2）分析：真人秀《学徒》
点评：很多人可能没有听说过《学徒》，这个时候毫不犹豫转战网传、公关或者评论方向啊，都很简单。
二、传播学部分
（一）辨析题
1.人类传播的目的就是各个国家，民族，文化的沟通与了解，因此国际传播的首要责任是信息的无国界传播。
2.人们往往由于需要，态度，情感等种种心理因素的影响，不同人对信息有不同的反应。
（二）论述题
社会学芝加哥学派对传播学产生了哪些方面的影响，试分析。
（三）分析题
给出一段材料，大体是新媒体报告显示，2016年广告营销渠道投放增长呈现互联网>电视>广播的趋势，请对这种趋势阐述你的理解。
--《汉书·西域传》
(1)请翻译上述材料。
(2)请根据上述材料，分析汉武帝"轮台罪己诏"的政策转折及历史意义。
2、"乃言国本者谓之东林，争科场者谓之东林，攻逆奄者谓之东林，以至言夺情奸相讨贼，凡一议之正，一人之不随流俗者，无不谓之东林，若似乎东林标榜，遍於域中，延於数世。东林何不幸而有是也?东林何幸而有是也?然则东林岂真有名目哉?亦小人者加之名目而已矣。论者以东林为清议所宗，祸之招也。"
华中师范大学中国史
一、名词解释：
《盐铁论》
庆历新政
头下军州
棉花革命
京师同文馆
科玄之争
《实业计划》
三反五反运动
二、材料分析题：

2017年华中科技大学学博士英语真题

Passage 4 (4/63)The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were—reptiles or birds—are among the questions scientists have puzzled over. Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing-like membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape along each side of the animal’s body.The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’ hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists now generally agree that the(A) enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances(B) structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats(C) fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight(D) pterosaurs were reptiles(E) pterosaurs walked on all fours2. The author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as(A) revolutionary(B) unlikely(C) unassailable(D) probable(E) outdated3. According to the passage, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the(A) size of its wingspan(B) presence of hollow spaces in its bones(C) anatomic origin of its wing strut(D) presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet(E) location of the shoulder joint joining the wing to its body4. The ideas attributed to T. H. Huxley in the passage suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?(A) An animal’s brain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.(B) An animal’s appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.(C) Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.(D) The origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome of specialization or adaptation.(E) The pterosaurs should be classified as birds, not reptiles.Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage?(A) New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.(B) Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented, and each is disputed by means of specific information.(C) Three hypotheses are outlined, and evidence supporting each is given.(D) Recent discoveries are described, and their implications for future study are projected.LSAT第27套 SECTION IMost office workers assume that the messages they send to each other via electronic mail are as private as a telephone call or a face-to-face meeting. That assumption is wrong. Although it is illegal in many areas for an employer to eavesdrop on private conversations or telephone calls—even if they take place on a company-owned telephone—there are no clear rules governing electronic mail. In fact, the question of how private electronic mail transmissions should be has emerged as one of the more complicated legal issues of the electronic age.People’s opinions about the degree of privacy that electronic mail should have vary depending on whose electronic mail system is being used and who is reading themessages. Does a government office, for example, have the right to destroy electronic messages created in the course of running the government, thereby denying public access to such documents? Some hold that government offices should issue guidelines that allow their staff to delete such electronic records, and defend this practice by claiming that the messages thus deleted already exist in paper versions whose destruction is forbidden. Opponents of such practices argue that the paper versions often omit such information as who received the messages and when they received them, information commonly carried on electronic mail systems. Government officials, opponents maintain, are civil servants; the public should thus have the right to review any documents created during the conducting of government business. Questions about electronic mail privacy have also arisen in the private sector. Recently, two employees of an automotive company were discovered to have been communicating disparaging information about their supervisor via electronic mail. The supervisor, who had been monitoring the communication, threatened to fire the employees. When the employees filed a grievance complaining that their privacy had been violated, they were let go. Later, their court case for unlawful termination was dismissed; the company’s lawyers successfully argued that because the company owned the computer system, its supervisors had the right to read anything created on it.In some areas, laws prohibit outside interception of electronic mail by a third party without proper authorization such as a search warrant. However, these laws do not cover “inside” interception such as occurred at the automotive company. In the past, courts have ruled that interoffice communications may be considered private only if employees have a “reasonable expectation” of privacy when they send the messages. The fact is that no absolute guarantee of privacy exists in any computer system. The only solution may be for users to scramble their own messages with encryption codes; unfortunately, such complex codes are likely to undermine the principal virtue of electronic mail: its convenience.1. Which one of the following statements most accurately summarizes the main point of the passage?(A) Until the legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in both the public and private sectors have been resolved, office workers will need to scramble their electronic mail messages with encryption codes.(B) The legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in the work place can best be resolved by treating such communications as if they were as private as telephone conversations or face-to-face meetings.(C) Any attempt to resolve the legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in the workplace must take into account the essential difference between public-sector and private sector business.(D) At present, in both the public and private sectors, there seem to be no clear general answers to the legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in the workplace.(E) The legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in the workplace of electronic mail in the workplace can best be resolved by allowing supervisorsin public-sector but not private-sector offices to monitor their employees’communications.2. According to the passage, which one of the following best expresses the reason some people use to oppose the deletion of electronic mail records at government offices?(A) Such deletion reveals the extent of government’s unhealthy obsession with secrecy.(B) Such deletion runs counter to the notion of government’s accountability to its constituency.(C) Such deletion clearly violates the legal requirement that government offices keep duplicate copies of all their transactions.(D) Such deletion violates the government’s own guidelines against destruction of electronic records.(E) Such deletion harms relations between government employees and their supervisors.3. Which one of the following most accurately states the organization of the passage?(A) A problem is introduced, followed by specific examples illustrating the problem: a possible solution is suggested, followed by an acknowledgment of its shortcomings.(B) A problem is introduced, followed by explications of two possible solutions to the problem: the first solution is preferred to the second, and reasons are given for why it is the better alternative.(C) A problem is introduced, followed by analysis of the historical circumstances that helped bring the problem about a possible solution is offered and rejected as being only a partial remedy.(D) A problem is introduced, followed by enumeration of various questions that need to be answered before a solution can be found: one possible solution is proposed and argued for.(E) A problem is introduced, followed by descriptions of two contrasting approaches to thinking about the problem: the second approach is preferred to the first, and reasons are given for why it is more likely to yield a successful solution.4. Based on the passage, the author’s attitude towards interception of electronic mail can most accurately be described as:(A) outright disapproval of the practice(B) support for employers who engage in it(C) support for employees who lose their jobs because of it(D) intellectual interest in its legal issues(E) cynicism about the motives behind the practice5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely hold which one of the following opinions about an encryption system that could encodes and decode electronic mail messages with a single keystroke?(A) It would be an unreasonable burden on a company’s ability to monitor electronic mail created by its employees.(B) It would significantly reduce the difficulty of attempting to safeguard theprivacy of electronic mail.(C) It would create substantial legal complications for companies trying to prevent employees from revealing trade secrets to competitors.(D) It would guarantee only a minimal level of employee privacy, and so would not be worth the cost involved in installing such a system.(E) It would require a change in the legal definition of “reasonable expectation of privacy” as it applies to employer-employee relations.SECTION BSome recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person supported. Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic classes. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebel side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid—though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed —that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like “the better sort.” Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The “Paxton Boys” incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples of the widespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict—which also existed between North and South—deserves further investigation.In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.17. The author considers the contentions made by the recent historians discussed in the passage to be(A) potentially verifiable(B) partially justified(C) logically contradictory(D) ingenious but flawed(E) capricious and unsupported19. According to the passage, Loyalism during the American Revolutionary War servedthe function of(A) eliminating the disputes that existed among those colonists who supportedthe rebel cause(B) drawing upper, as opposed to lower, socioeconomic classes away from the rebelcause(C) tolerating the kinds of socioeconomic discontent that were not allowed toexist on the rebel side(D) channeling conflict that existed within a socioeconomic class into the wareffort against the rebel cause(E) absorbing members of socioeconomic groups on the rebel side who feltthemselves in contention with members of other socioeconomic groups The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with which of the following statements about the social structure of eighteenth-century American society?I. It allowed greater economic opportunity than it did social mobility.II. It permitted greater economic opportunity prior to 1750 than after 1750. III. It did not contain rigidly defined socioeconomic divisions.IV. It prevented economic disputes from arising among members of the society.(A) I and IV only(B) II and III only(C) III and IV only(D) I, II, and III only(E) I, II, III, and IV21. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War?(A) Identifying a person’s socioeconomic class is the least accurate method of ascertaining which side that person supported.(B) Identifying a person as a member of the rebel or of the Loyalist side does notnecessarily reveal that person’s particular socioeconomic class.(C) Both the rebel and the Loyalist sides contained members of all socioeconomic classes, although there were fewer disputes among socioeconomic classes on the Loyalist side.(D) Both the rebel and the Loyalist sides contained members of all socioeconomic classes, although the Loyalist side was made up primarily of members of the upper classes.According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about sectional conflicts in America between 1763 and 1789?(A) These conflicts were instigated by eastern interests against western settlers.(B) These conflicts were the most serious kind of conflict in America.(C) The conflicts eventually led to openly expressed class antagonism.(D) These conflicts contained an element of class hostility.(E) These conflicts were motivated by class conflicts.The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers. Jacob Bjerknes pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nonetheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions should regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic oscillations between appearances of the warm El Nino and the cold so-called anti-El Nino. The answer, at least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the ocean.It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into numerous coastal Kelvin waves carrying thesame negative sea-level signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When enough Kelvin waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send positive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves, beginning another warming cycle.21. The primary function of the passage as a whole is to(A) introduce a new explanation of a physical phenomenon(B) explain the difference between two related physical phenomena(C) illustrate the limitations of applying mathematics to complicated physical phenomena(D) indicate the direction that research into a particular physical phenomenon should take(E) clarify the differences between an old explanation of a physical phenomenon anda new model of it22. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?(A) A theory is presented and criticized.(B) A model is described and evaluated.(C) A result is reported and its importance explained.(D) A phenomenon is noted and its significance debated.(E) A hypothesis is introduced and contrary evidence presented.24. According to the model presented in the passage, which of the following normally signals the disappearance of an El Nino?(A) The arrival in the eastern Pacific of negative sea-level Kelvin waves.(B) A shift in the direction of the winds produced by the start of an anti-El Nino elsewhere in the Pacific.(C) The reflection of Kelvin waves after they reach the eastern boundary of the Pacific, along Ecuador and Peru.(D) An increase in the speed at which negative Rossby waves cross the Pacific.(E) The creation of a reservoir of colder, deep ocean water trapped under the pile of warmer, surface ocean water.25. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?I. Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific. II. The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall.III. The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and II only(D) I and III only(E) I, II, and III26. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the validity of the model of El Nino that is presented in the passage?(A) During some years El Nino extends significantly farther along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru than during other years.(B) During periods of unusually cool temperatures along the eastern Pacific, an El Nino is much colder than normal.(C) The normal upwelling of cold water in the eastern Pacific depends much more on the local characteristics of the ocean than on atmospheric conditions.(D) The variations in the time it takes Rossby waves to cross the Pacific depend on the power of the winds that the waves encounter.(E) The western boundary of the Pacific basin is so irregular that it impedes most coastal Kelvin waves from heading eastward.汉译英：1有些人认为多次短时间充电，会对电池造成伤害。

《2017专业技术人员创新能力》-题库附参考答案

汇总说明：本题库仅供学习参考电子计算机问世之初，它主要是用于（）作用。

A数字计算B网络游戏C文字处理D信息处理答案A技术发明成果的产业化过程要跨越创新过程中的（）。

A“拉美陷阱”B“凯恩斯海”C“死亡之谷”D“思想陷阱”答案C（）同志，在1993年的讲话中间首先使用了创新一词。

ABCD克强答案B根据本课程，专利申请量最大的是（）。

A美国B日本S. . . . . ..C德国D国答案B本课程提到，日本单反相机技术的发明属于（）。

A原始创新B合作创新C引入D集成创新答案D本课程提到，我国自主创新主要是指（）创新。

A市场B技术C管理D组织答案B我国发明专利授权数从2002年的1.56万件大幅增加到2011年的17.2万件，居世界第（）位。

A一B二C三D四答案CS. . . . . ..德鲁克倡导创新要注重（）。

A理论创新B技术创新C商业模式创新D系统化的创新答案D“748”工程办公室于1976年9月正式决定选择（）作为汉字精密照排系统的总体设计和研制单位。

A清华大学B大学C复旦大学D大学答案B 根据本课程，我国在（）领域的研究论文发表数量最多。

A材料科学B基础生物C医药卫生D环境科学答案A自己组织研发，主导整个创新过程成为（）。

A技术创新B实践创新C应用创新D自主创新S. . . . . ..答案D熊彼特认为，产品结构或者功能发生改变的创新属于（）创新。

A工艺B产品C市场需求驱动D组织答案B采用（）照排技术不仅可以大幅提高工效，减轻劳动强度，而且还可以节约大量的有色金属。

A光学式照排B机械式连续照排C应激电子摄像管式照排D激光照排答案D本课程举例（）来说明技术发明要结合市场需求。

A德国合成氨的技术发明B日本液晶面板的技术创新C日本组建超大规模集成电路D日本发明生物大分子软激光解吸电离法答案B（）年，就是联成功的发射了第一颗人造卫星。

A1957年S. . . . . ..B1958年C1959年D1960年答案A根据本课程，我国在（）领域的研究论文发表质量最高。

2017清华大学新闻传播专业考研真题及解析

2017清华大学新闻传播专业考研真题及解析——注意事项、独家资料本文目录一、清华大学新闻传播专业考研信息解读二、清华大学新闻传播专业考研专业课复习参考书三、2017年清华大学新闻传播专业考研独家专业课通关一本通四、辅导名师解析清华大学新闻传播专业考研专业课真题五、清华大学新闻传播专业考研专业课复习规划指导六、清华大学新闻传播专业考研内部资料——七、清华大学新闻传播专业考研独家真题答题方法示范正文部分一、清华大学新闻传播专业考研信息解读清华新闻与传播考研——院校简介清华大学新闻与传播学院的前身，是1985年在中文系设立的编辑学方向和1998年10月成立的传播系。

多年来，从中文系的编辑学专业到传播系，直到成立新闻与传播学院，凭借日益增强的新闻学和传播学的学科基础，围绕着国际传播、影视传播、新媒体传播、媒介经营与管理等主要方向，清华大学逐渐形成了精干的新闻与传播教学科研师资团队，增强了在学界、业界的影响力，尤其在国际传播、媒体与科技、艺术相结合和影视理论与批评等方面的学术研究中取得一定的优势。

学院领导及师资力量柳斌杰任清华新闻学院院长。

教授中有方汉奇先生得意弟子、中国新闻传播史学会副会长、前北大新闻传播系主任陈昌凤博士。

尹鸿，李彬。

二、清华大学新闻与传播专业考研专业课复习参考书名师总结：北大行管所考知识点绝大部分都能从参考书中找到，即使不能直接找到，也能依据对知识的灵活运用间接找到，而对知识的灵活运用是考研专业课复习时看书的基本要求。

这充分说明了一个问题：考研就是个应付考试的过程，而不是一个做学术的过程，不是看的学术名著越多越好，而是把指定的参考书看懂吃透，该理解的理解，该记住的记住！这样，专业课300分你就可以放心的拿到250分左右了！三、2017年清华大学新闻传播专业考研独家专业课通关一本通《2017年清华大学新闻传播专业考研专业课一本通》由清华大学新闻传播专业权威辅导名师领衔，有历年清华大学新闻传播专业状元及专业课高分学长学姐参与精心汇编，荟萃提取了每本参考书重要考点、出题老师讲义、课件、历年真题及解析、答题方法、复习规划、状元复习经验和全真模拟题等。