数字图像处理课件(冈萨雷斯第三版)

合集下载

数字图像处理(冈萨雷斯第三版)英文翻译PPT课件

necessary to transform ordinary images into digital images that the
computer can process. Today's digital cameras can directly convert
visual images into digital images. A digitห้องสมุดไป่ตู้l image, similar to raster
Digital Image Processing
Tianjin University of Technology and Education School of Electronic Engineering
2017
-
1
Synopsis
The contents of the eight weeks are as follows: The first、second chapter is the introduction and the
The objective world is a three-dimensional space, but the general image is two-dimensional. Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in the process of reflecting the threedimensional world. Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to recognize objects. Therefore, it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images, and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and profound understanding of what is recorded in the image. This process becomes the process of image processing.

数字图像处理第三版 (冈萨雷斯,自己整理的1)

1.1 图像与图像处理的概念图像(Image)：使用各种观测系统以不同形式和手段观测客观世界而获得的，可以直接或间接作用于人眼并进而产生视觉的实体。

包括：·各类图片，如普通照片、X光片、遥感图片；·各类光学图像，如电影、电视画面；·客观世界在人们心目中的有形想象以及外部描述，如绘画、绘图等。

数字图像：为了能用计算机对图像进行加工，需要把连续图像在坐标空间和性质空间都离散化，这种离散化了的图像是数字图像。

图像中每个基本单元叫做图像的元素，简称像素（Pixel）。

数字图像处理（Digital Image Processing）：是指应用计算机来合成、变换已有的数字图像，从而产生一种新的效果，并把加工处理后的图像重新输出，这个过程称为数字图像处理。

也称之为计算机图像处理（Computer Image Processing）。

1.2 图像处理科学的意义1.图像是人们从客观世界获取信息的重要来源·人类是通过感觉器官从客观世界获取信息的，即通过耳、目、口、鼻、手通过听、看、味、嗅和接触的方式获取信息。

在这些信息中，视觉信息占70％。

·视觉信息的特点是信息量大，传播速度快，作用距离远，有心理和生理作用，加上大脑的思维和联想，具有很强的判断能力。

·人的视觉十分完善，人眼灵敏度高，鉴别能力强，不仅可以辨别景物，还能辨别人的情绪。

2.图像信息处理是人类视觉延续的重要手段非可见光成像。

如：γ射线、X射线、紫外线、红外线、微波。

利用图像处理技术把这些不可见射线所成图像加以处理并转换成可见图像，可对非人类习惯的那些图像源进行加工。

3.图像处理技术对国计民生有重大意义图像处理技术发展到今天，许多技术已日益趋于成熟，应用也越来越广泛。

它渗透到许多领域，如遥感、生物医学、通信、工业、航空航天、军事、安全保卫等。

1.3 数字图像处理的特点1. 图像信息量大每个像素的灰度级至少要用6bit（单色图像）来表示，一般采用8bit（彩色图像），高精度的可用12bit 或16bit。

数字图像处理课件(冈萨雷斯第三版)英文翻译优秀课件

The image on the left is the image processing technique . Used to test computer algorithms A standard image of actual effects . The name of this image is lenna . It is made up of a set of numbers. Original image The width and height are 256 pixels each .There are eight bits in pixels. It is in BMP form at About 66K bytes in size.
The objective world is a three-dimensional space, but the general image is two-dimensional. Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in the process of reflecting the three-dimensional world. Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to recognize objects. Therefore, it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images, and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and profound understanding of what is recorded in the image. This process becomes the process of image processing.

精品课件-《数字图像处理(第三版)》第2章数字图像

j 1
其它
i 1,2,n
2.3 数字图像类型
矢量(Vector)图和位图（Bitmap），位图也称为栅格图像。矢量图是用数学(准确地说是几何学)公式描述一幅图像。(计算机图形学)
➢ 优点：一是它的文件数据量很小，因为存储的是其数学公式；其二是图像质量与分辨率无关，这意味着无论将图像放大或缩小了多少次，图像总是以显示设备允许的最大清晰度显示。
2.2.3 颜色变换
对彩色图像进行颜色变换，可实现对彩色图像的增强处理，改善其视觉效果，为进一步处理奠定基础。基本变换
➢ 颜色变换模型为：g(x,y)=T[ f ( x,y )] 式中：f ( x , y )是彩色输入图像，其值为一般为向量； g ( x , y )是变换或处理后的彩色图像，与 f(x,y)同维； T是在空间域上对f的操作。T对图像颜色的操作有多种方式；
2.4 图像文件格式数字图像有多种存储格式，每种格式一般由不同的软件公司开发所支持。文件一般包含文件头和图像数据。就像每本书都有封面，目录，它们的作用类似于文件头，通过文件头我们可读取图像数据。文件头的内容由该图像文件的公司决定，一般包括文件类型、文件制作者、制作时间、版本号、文件大小等内容，还有压缩方式。
2.2.2 颜色模型
HSI 颜色模型 ➢ 色调H (Hue): 与光波的波长有关，它表示人的感官对不同颜色的感受，如红色、绿色、蓝色等， ➢ 饱和度(Saturation): 表示颜色的纯度，纯光谱色是完合饱和的，加入白光会稀释饱和度。饱和度越大，颜色看起来就会鲜艳，反之亦然。 ➢ 强度I (Intensity)：对应成像亮度和图像灰度，是颜色的明亮程度。 ➢ HSI模型建立基于两个重要的事实: (1) I分量与图像的彩色信息无关； (2) H和S分量与人感受颜色的方式是紧密相联的。这些特点使得HSI模型非常适合彩色特性检测与分析。

数字图像处理课件冈萨雷斯第三版英文翻译课件

The objective world is a three-dimensional space, but the general image is two-dimensional. Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in the process of reflecting the threedimensional world. Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to recognize objects. Therefore, it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images, and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and profound understanding of what is recorded in the image. This process becomes the process of image processing.
1.1.2 Image technology and image engineering
• A brief history of digital image processing
The generation of digital pictures is far ahead of the computer. The first digital image transmitted by telegraph. In six and 70s, with the development of computer hardware and the discovery of fast Fu Liye transform algorithm, it was possible to use computer to process images. Since 80s, three dimensional images have been processed. Since 90s, with the improvement of computer performance and extensive use, image processing technology has been involved in every corner of society. The image has gradually dominated the media and produced many new industries and new opportunities. The future development of the image processing is limitless. Digital image processing belongs to computer science, but 90% of it relies on mathematics. From this point of view, the digital image processing technology is a very ideal direction for the students of this specialty.