计算机专业英语作业(2)
《计算机专业英语》第02章在线测试
《计算机专业英语》第02章在线测试《计算机专业英语》第02章在线测试 剩余时间： 59:38答题须知：1、本卷满分20分。
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第一题、单项选择题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、The abbreviation USB stands for Universal ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ Bus. Bus.A 、SerialB 、SequentialC 、SymmetricD 、Syntactic 2、A hardware or software malfunction can cause a system to ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. .A 、crushB 、crashC 、crackD 、collide3、primary memory which is stored on chips located ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. .A 、on the motherboardB 、outsideC 、inside the processorD 、on the CPU4、It looks as though there ( ) some problems with my computer. Because it is so slow.A 、wasB 、wereC 、has beenD 、had been5、The largest and fastest computers are ( ).A 、mainframe computersB 、supercomputersC 、hand-held PCsD 、workstations第二题、多项选择题（每题2分，5道题共10分）1、The function of computer hardware is typically divided into three main categories.They are ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. .A 、inputB 、outputC 、cpuD 、storageE 、motherboard2、The software that controls the interaction between the input and output hardware is called BIO S,which stands of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A 、Classic Input Output SystemB 、Junior Input Output SystemC 、Advanced Input Output SystemD 、Basic Input Output System3、The two most common types of scanners are ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ and and ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A 、handler scannersB 、flatbed scannersC 、hand-held scannersD 、auto scanners4、According to the text,the author mentions three of the most commonly used types of printer.The y are ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. .A 、laser printerB 、dot-matrix printers;C 、array printerD 、inkjet printersE 、belt printer5、A general purpose computer has four main sections: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. .A 、the input and output devicesB 、the memoryC 、the control unitD 、the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU),E 、the cpu第三题、判断题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、A processor can do everything without a program to provide control.正确正确错误错误2、 A microcomputer, also called personal computer, is a computer designed for an individual.正确正确错误错误3、 According to computers ’ power and size, we have desktop, laptop and handheld PCs.正确正确错误错误4、In its more general usage, a personal computer is a computer designed for using by one person at a time.正确正确错误错误5、Floppy disks are the smallest type of storage, holding only 2.44MB.正确正确错误错误。
计算机专业英语测试题及答案
计算机专业英语测试题一、词汇测试题（每小题1分，共20分）(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese (共10分，每题1分)1．Cyber cafe2．microcomputer3．ROM4．Object-oriented programming5．utility program6．system specification7．database administrator8．modulator-demodulator9．client/server model10．spreadsheet program(二)．Translate the following terms or phrases from Chinese into English (共10分，每题1分)1．中央处理器2．广域网3．超级计算机4．电子商务5．计算机安全6．计算机文化7．网站8．域名9．数据库管理系统10．软件工程二、完型填空题（每空1分，共20分）Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the list following each paragraph, making changes if necessary:1. Computer hardware is the involved in the of a computer and consists of the that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: , , and . Components in these categories connect to , specifically, the computer’s central unit (CPU), the electronic that provides the computational ability and control of the computer, via wires or circuitry called bus.microprocessors component processing functionoutput equipment input circuitry storage2.In the relational model, data is organized in two-dimensionalcalled . There is no or structure imposed on the data. The tables or relations are, however, related to each other. The database management system (RDBMS) the data so that its external is a of relation or tables. This does not mean that data is stored as tables: the physical of the data is independent of the way in which the is logically organized.hierarchical set organize relational relationdata storage view network table三、英译汉题（每题10分，共20分）Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:1.The field of computer science has grown rapidly since the1950s due to the increase in their use. Computer programs have undergone many changes during this time in response to user need and advances in technology. Newer ideas in computing such as parallel computing, distributed computing, and artificial intelligence, have radically altered the traditional concepts that once determined program form and function. In parallelcomputing parts of a problem are worked on simultaneously by different processors, and this speed up the solution of the problem. Another type of parallel computing called distributed computing use CPUs from many interconnected computers to solve problems. Research into artificial intelligence (AI) has led to several other new styles of programming.2.High-level languages are commonly classified asprocedure-oriented, functional, objected-oriented, logic languages. The most common high-level languages today are procedure-oriented languages. In these languages, one or more related blocks of statements that perform some complete function are grouped together into a program module, or procedure, and given a name such as “procedure A”. If the same sequence of operations is needed elsewhere in the program, a simple statement can be used to refer back to the procedure. In essence, a procedure is just a mini-program. A large program can be constructed by grouping together procedures that perform different tasks.四、汉译英题（20分）最著名的互联网例子是因特网。
计算机专业英语作业
计算机专业英语计算机专业英语 练习练习V ocabulary (一)Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese ． 1． O perating system (Operating system (操作系统) 2． white box testing （白盒测试（白盒测试3． hard disk （硬盘）（硬盘） 4． management information system （管理信息系统（管理信息系统5． electronic commerce （电子商务（电子商务6． relational database （关系数据库）（关系数据库）7． software engineering （软件工程（软件工程8． software maintenance （软件维护（软件维护9． menu bar （菜单条（菜单条10. network security （网络安全（网络安全(二)Fill in the blank with the corresponding English abbreviations ．1．只读存储器 2．广域网3．传输控制协议 4．文件传送[输]协议5．通用串行总线 6.6.面面向对象编程7．集成开发环境 8．结构化查询语言9．数据库管理系统 010．．开放系统互连(三)Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column ．1. application software a ．音频2．machine language machine language b ．应用软件3．structured programming c ．机器语言4。
functional testing functional testing d ．软件测试5．memory memory e ．结构化程序设计6．relational database relational database f ．内存7．firewall firewall g ．功能测试8．software testing software testing h ．关系数据库9．hacker hacker i ．黑客1010．．audio audio j.j.防防火墙Translation Translate the following sentences into Chinese1. There are several applications called Web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web, Two of the most popular being Netscape Navigator and Microsoft ’s Internet Explorer. 2. SQL SQL Server Server Server is is is designed designed designed to to to allow allow allow thousands thousands thousands of of of users users users to to to access access access the the database at the same time and is a true client/server database system. 3. During During the the the last last last few few few years, years, years, it it it has has has been been been realized realized realized that that that maintenance maintenance maintenance of of programs is more expensive than development, so reading of programs by humans is as important as writing them. 4. Some Some applications, applications, applications, such such such as as as Word, Word, allow allow for for for several several several windows windows windows in in in a a special special mode mode mode called called called MDI MDI MDI in in in which which which you you you can can can open open open multiple multiple multiple documents documents within the same application. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology technology and and and its its its impact impact impact on on on everyday everyday everyday life. life. Complex Complex software software software systems systems have have become become become critical critical critical to to to the the the operation operation operation of of of many many many systems systems systems in in in areas areas areas such such such as as banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress Progress in in in computer computer computer science science science and and and accumulated accumulated accumulated experience experience with with industrial industrial industrial production production production of of of software software software have have have led led led to to to the the the emergence emergence emergence of of of software software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as “the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches approaches to to to the the the development, development, development, operation, operation, operation, and and and maintenance maintenance maintenance of of of software.software.software.”” that is, the application of engineering to Software. 计算机专业英语练习答案计算机专业英语练习答案Vocabulary1．操作系统．操作系统 2．白盒测试．白盒测试3．硬盘．硬盘 4．管理信息系统．管理信息系统 5．电子商务子商务6．关系数据库．关系数据库 7 7．软件工程．软件工程．软件工程 8．软件维护．软件维护9．菜单栏．菜单栏 1010．．网络安全络安全1．ROM (Read Only Memory)2．WAN (Wide Area Network)3．TCP: Transmission Control Protocal4．FTP: File Transmission(Transfer) Protocal5．USB : Universal Serial Bus6．OOP : Object Oriented Programming7。
计算机专业英语Unit 2
Unit 2Text two1. Match the words with their proper Chinese meanings without looking at thevocabulary list.printer 打印机display 显示器stereo . 立体的button 按钮electronic 电子的program 程序mouse 鼠标keyboard 键盘2. Fill a proper word in each of the blanks.（用合适的词填空）(1)The ____ is used to print data or program on a piece of paper.printer(2) A modem is usually needed if you want to get on the ______.internet(3)There are many _____ on the keyboard.buttons(4) A ____ is also called a monitor (显示器)。
displayText three1. Match the words with their proper Chinese meanings.scroll bar 滚动条control menu 控制菜单close button 关闭按钮taskbar 任务栏maximize/restore button 最大化／还原按钮menu bar 菜单栏drag 拖动status bar 状态栏desktop 桌面2. Look at the window of your computer carefully when you have opened a file orrun a program, and remind their English name.略。
3. Match the words with their proper Chinese meanings.knowledge 知识low-temperature 低温的caution 警告general 一般信息content 内容notice 注意connect 连接note 备注，注释4. Translation.(1)书对于计算机初学者很有帮助。
计算机专业英语2
In C Language, a ______is a series of characters enclosed in double quotes.••正确答案：B210分The________ storage area that you can use to copy or move selected text or object among applications.••正确答案：C310分____ is the study of the principles of valid reasoning and inference, as well as of consistency, soundness, and completeness.•theory•正确答案：B410分Software design is a _____ process. It requires a certain mounted of flair on the part of the designer.•••正确答案：D510分Very long, complex expres-sions in program are difficult to write correctly anddifficult to _____.•••正确答案：D二、阅读理解共1题，50分150分A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product. These activities may involve the development of software from scratch in a standard programming language like Java or C. Increasingly, however, new software is developed by extending and modifying existing systems and by configuring and integrating off-the-shelf software or system components.Software processes are complex and, like all intellectual and creative processes, rely on people making decisions and judgments. Because of the need for judgment andcreativity, attempts to automate software processes have met with limited success. Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools can support some process activities. However, there is no possibility, at least in the next few years, of more extensive automation where software takes over creative design from the engineers involved in the software process.Although there are many software processes, some fundamental activities are common to all software processes:1). Software specification The functionality of the software and constraints on its operation must be defined.2). Software design and implement-ation The software to meet the specification must be produced.3). Software validation The software must be validated to ensure that it does what the customer wants.4). Software evolution The software must evolve to meet changing customer Needs. Although there is no ‘ideal’ software process, there is scope for improving the software process in many organizations. Processes may include outdated techniques or may not take advantage of the best practice in industrial software engineering. Indeed, many organizations still do not take advantage of software engineering methods in their software development.(1)、A software process is _______.•product•standard programming language•existing system正确答案：B(2)、Software processes ___________.•complex and intellectual enough to be developed byComputer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools.•rely on Computer-aided software engineering(CASE) tools.•depend on the people making decisions and judg ments正确答案：A(3)、software processes usually include ________ activities.•••正确答案：C(4)、Improving the software process in many organizations is ______.•••正确答案：D(5)、Software design and implementat-ion means that _________.•functionality of the software and constraints on its o peration must be defined.•software must be validated to ensure that it does w hat the customer wants.•software must evolve to meet changing customer Ne eds.正确答案：B。
计算机专业英语(第二版)参考答案
写在前面的话各位老师：您们好。
欢迎使用劳动版专业英语教材。
如果您在使用中发现问题，或者有任何建议和意见，可与我们联系：联系人：赵硕联系电话：64962011电子邮箱：zhaos@计算机专业英语（第二版）参考答案Unit 1Lesson1Look and LearnA 1 Monitor 显示器 2 Modem 调制解调器 3 System Unit 系统单元，主机4 Mouse 鼠标 5 Speaker音箱 6 Printer 打印机7 Keyboard 键盘B 1.麦克风可以用来刻录声音。
2.操纵杆是为玩游戏而设计的。
3.多数的扫描仪可以既扫描图片又扫描文本。
4.绘图板被用于图形设计。
DialogueA 略B 1. Mary is good at computer.2. Because it hasn’t the computer software system, Mike’s computer can’t work.3. Mike is a computer outsider.Reading179A Input Device: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, graphics tabletOutput Device: monitor, speaker, printerB Input device (输入设备) convert into(把….转变为) output device(输出设备) translate into (翻译成)Lesson 2Look and Learn1 BIOS-ROM 芯片2 Flash memory 闪存3 memory bank内存条4 CMOS setup CMOS 设置DialogueA Install configuration error utility invalidB1.Mary works at PC Support Center.2.Bill should run the CMOS setup utility to solve the problem.ReadingA 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 eB 1. Random access memory (RAM); RAM is volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the computer is turned off.2. Cache memory; Cache memory improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the CPU.3. Flash RAM; Flash RAM can retain data even if power is disrupted.1804. Read only memory (ROM); ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user.1 Floppy disk 软盘2 CD-ROM 光驱3 Hard disk 硬盘4 Flash Disk 闪存盘；u盘 5 mobile hard disk 移动硬盘DialogueB１. Yes 2. Yes 3. No 4. YesReadingA 1 A 2 Bseries prevent unrecoverable comprise dustB concentric181Lesson 4Look and Learn1. CPU slot (CPU插槽)2. Memory slots （内存插槽）3.AGP slot（AGP 插槽）4.PCI slots（PCI插槽）5. Power connector （电源接口）6.Input/Output ports（输入输出端口）DialogueA interface socket battery slot processorB 1.Because the battery of the motherboard is getting low.2. The socket types of both the processor and the motherboard have to be the same for them to work with each other. The motherboard must have updated BIOS in order for the certain CPUs to work right.ReadingA tower medium component expansion serial specializeB 1 No 2 Yes 3 NoUnit 2Lesson1Look and Learn1. desktop2. Pop-up Menu3. Folder4. Screen saverDialogue182B1.His card is an external sound card.2.Windows will look for and install a driver automatically.ReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. aB1. Operating system recognizes input from the keyboard and sends output to the display screen.2. Operating system keeps track of files and directories on the disk.3. Operating system controls peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.Lesson2Look and LearnA Word Access Excel PowerPointB 1.Title bar 2.Menu bar 3. Toolbar 4.Row 5. Column 6. Cell 7.Statusbar DialogueA1. word2. icon3. dialog boxB1. NO2. Yes3. YesReadingA command grid software interface interact formulaB 1. a 2. b 3. cLesson3Look and LearnA. PhotoshopB. FlashC. 3DS MAXD. After EffectsDialogue1. web pages2. Flah Player3. Plug-in4. browser183ReadingA visual audio technology interactivity navigationalB 1. B 2.C 3. BLesson4Look and Learn1. carbon copy2. subject3. attachment4.salutationDialogueA 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NoB 1. set up 2. log 3. Outlook ExpressReadingA filter intention instruction confidentialB 1. D 2.C 3. A 4. BUnit 3Lesson1Look and Learnwork interface card2.Hub3. Switch4.Wireless Router5.CableDialogueB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. cB 1. a 2.c 3. bLesson2Look and Learn1841. Domain name2. Browser3. Website4. ProtocolDialogueA 1.ADSL 2. ISP 3. IP and DNS addressReadingA cable upload motorway permanentB 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. bLesson3Look and Learn1. bus2. star3. ring4. treeDialogueA 1.Toplogy 2. star 3. dynamicB 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA format device protocol destinationB 1. c 2. a 3. bLesson4Look and Learn1. firewall2. antivirus3. spam4. virusDialogueA 1.Control panel 2. antivirus 3. securityB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. NO 4. YesReadingA hack management maintenance attackB 1. a 2. b185Unit 4Lesson1Look and learn（1）销售副总（2）营销经理（3）销售代表（4）销售助理（5）采买部经理（6）采购员DialogueAB 1. ABC Company and Huaxia Commercial Company2.products design3. configuration and priceReadingA 1.No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. YesB 1.B 2.B 3.DLesson 2Look and learn1. discount stores2. catalogue3. promotion4. market share Dialogue186187B1. Not at all.a.你怎么啦？有什么问题吗？ 2. What ’s wrong with you?b.期待再次相见。
计算机专业英语2模拟试题2及答案
计算机专业英语模拟2Ⅰ. Vocabulary（词汇，30分）(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.（写出下列词组的汉语，共10分，每题1分）1. central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器1. 2. operating system 操作系统2. 3. electronic spreadsheet 电子表格4. management information system 管理信息系统5. electronic commerce 电子商务6. database 数据库7. software engineering 软件工程8. software crisis 软件危机9. network security 网络安全10. computer virus 计算机病毒(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.（根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写，共10分，每题1分)1．随机存储器 RAM 2．局域网 LAN3．计算机辅助设计 CAD 4．数字视频光盘DVD5．通用串行总线 USB 6．面向对象编程 OOP 7．集成开发环境 IDE 8．结构化查询语言SQL9．多文档界面 MDI 10．企业之间的电子商务交易方式 B2B(三)．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.（将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配，共10分，每空1分）1. output b a.视频2. high-level language c b.输出.3. project window e c.高级语言4. black-box testing g d.应用软件5. multimedia h e.工程窗口6. WWW i f.系统软件7. field j g.黑盒测试8. application software d h.多媒体9. system software f i.万维网10.vidio a j.字段Ⅱ. Comprehension（阅读理解，40分）( )（一）Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空，共10分, 每空2分)high-level language assembly language writtenmachine language notationA programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a _ notation _ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of programming languages, they are_ machine language _ , which can be run directly by computer; ___ assembly language __ and _ high-level language _. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of them have many kinds of construct in common and vary only in the way that these must be _ written __ . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job.Passage AThe central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU). The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions —that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically “less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions, such as “greater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.（二）Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误，共10分，每题2分）1. With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. ( F )2. The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. ( T )3. The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( F )4. The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions . ( F )5. The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. ( T )Passage BA computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself. The program may however also be designed to have other effects on the systems it infects, ranging from the annoying to the disastrous. Virus attacks are growing rapidly these days. According to BusinessWeek, the 76,404 attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year's total number . As new antivirus tools are more powerful than before, the virus writers are getting a lot smarter with newer and creative ways to attack network systems. Let's first examine some common virus types:Basic Virus - a piece of software code that is developed to attack computers and network systems via email or Internet connections. It quickly replicates itself and gradually attaches to files, programs or the hard drive.Trojan Horses - This is a program that doesn't replicate when entering a system but can be effectively used to open 'back doors.' Trojan Horses allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.Worm - this type of virus is able to spread itself automatically over the network from one computer to the next. During a worm attack, users' computers get infected without even having to click open email attachment or any program, etc.Since it is very difficult to avoid the virus, your best defense is a powerful antivirus program. In order to fight with such viruses, the software vendorsshould focus on making their products more robust. This may ask for a trade-off between user-friendliness and security. In specific cases it may require line-by-line inspection, code retooling and even systems automation to defend the installed programs.（三）choose the best answer according to the passage B.（根据上文的内容选择正确的答案，共10分，每题2分）1．A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread C of itself.A．programs B．virus C． copies D．files2．Worm spread itself except by D .A．network B．E-mail C．program D．hardware 3．Antivirus program can scan and A virus.A．clean B．produce C．replicate D．make4．Trojan Horses C .A．quickly replicate itself and gradually attach to files, programs or the hard drive.B．infect the computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program.C．allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.D．avoid the virus to attack computer.5．According to Business Week, the B attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year's total number .A． 86,404 B． 76,404 C．56,354 D．34,876Passage CThe Internet, then known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969, which initially connected four major computers at universities in the southwesternUS . The early Internet was used by computer experts , engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing friendly about it. There were no home or office personal computers in those days, and anyone who used it, whether a computer professional or an engineer or scientist or librarian, had to learn to use a very complex system.The Internet matured in the 1970's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture. As the commands for E-mail, FTP , and telnet were standardized, it became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn to use the nets. It was not easy by today' s standards by any means, but it did open up use of the Internet to many more people in universities in particular. Other departments besides the libraries, computer, physics, and engineering departments found ways to make good use of the nets -- to communicate with colleagues around the world and to share files and resources.In 1991, the first really friendly interface to the Internet was developed at the University of Minnesota. The University wanted to develop a simple menu system to access files and information on campus through their local network.Since the Internet was initially funded by the government, it was originally limited to research, education, and government uses. Commercial uses were prohibited unless they directly served the goals of research and education. This policy continued until the early 1990's, when independent commercial networks began to grow.（四）Choose the best answer according to Passage C.（根据上文的内容选择正确的答案，共10分，每题2分）1. How many computers were connected to the initial Internet in 1969 ? BA. TenB. FourC. TwentyD. Three2. Only A could use the early Internet.A. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librariansB. any experts, engineers, scientists, and librariansC. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and studentsD. experts, engineers, and scientists in universities in US3. The Internet became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn and use because of the common B .A. commandsB. protocolsC. topologiesD. architecture4. The first really friendly interface to the Internet appeared with theintroduction of a C system for files and information access.A. computerB. operatingC. menuD. application5. Which statement is not true according to Passage C? DA. Many more people in universities began to use the Internet in the 1970s, but it wasn't as user-friendly as today's standards.B. The restrictions to commercial uses changed as the independent commercial networks were not funded by the government.C. Commercial uses were allowed for the early Internet if they directly served the goals of research and education.D. The early Internet was logged in from home or office personal computers.Ⅲ.Translation（翻译，30分）(一) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语，每题5分）1. SQL Server is designed to allow thousands of users to access the database at the same time and is a true client/server database system.1. SQL服务器用于允许成前上万的用户同时访问数据库，是一个真正的客户端/服务器端的数据库系统。
计算机专业英语作业
计算机专业英语作业：1、请将视频“什么是电脑硬件”中所述内容用英文表示。
2、请将以下英文翻译为中文。
1）Plug and Play, sometimes, abbreviated PnP, is a catchy phrase used to describe devices that work with a computer system as soon as they are connected. The user does not have to manually install drivers for the device or even tell the computer that a new device has been added. Instead the computer automatically recognizes the device, loads new drivers for the hardware if needed, and begins to work with the newly connected device.For example, if you connect a Plug-and-Play mouse to the USB port on your computer, it will begin to work within a few seconds of being plugged in. A non plug-and-play device would require you to go through several steps of installing drivers and setting up the device before it would work.While Plug and Play usually refers to computer peripheral devices, such as keyboards and mice, it can also be used to describe internal hardware. For example, a video card or hard drive may be a Plug and Play device, meaning the computer will recognize it as soon as it is installed. The only difference is that internal components usually require the computer to be turned off when they are installed, while external devices can typically be installed while the computer is running.2）What are some examples of computer peripheral devices?Answer:⏹ A computer peripheral, or peripheral device, is an external object that provides input and output for the computer.⏹Some common input devices include: keyboard, mouse, joystick, pen tablet, MIDI keyboard (musical instrument digital interface数码音响), scanner, digital camera, video camera, microphone.⏹Some common output devices include: monitor, projector, TV screen, printer, plotter, speakers.⏹There are also devices that function as both input and output devices, such as: external hard drives, media card readers, digital camcorders, digital mixers, MIDI equipment.⏹While these are some of the more common peripherals, there are many other kinds as well. Just remember that any external device that provides input to the computer or receives output from the computer is considered a peripheral.3）Binary is a two-digit (Base-2) numerical system, which computers use to store data and compute functions. The reason computers use the binary system is because digital switches inside the computer can only be set to either on or off, which are represented by a 1 or 0. Though the binary system consists of only ones and zeros, the two digits can be used to represent any number.4）There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different form other CDs.5）Stands for "Read-Only Memory." Please do not confuse this term with RAM or a hard drive, as many people already do. ROM is memory containing hardwired instructions that the computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads. In PCs, the instructions are read from a small program in the ROM, called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).6）disk driveA machine that reads data from and writes data onto a disk. A disk drive rotates the disk very fast and has one or more heads that read and write data. There are different types of disk drives for different types of disks. For example, a hard disk drive (HDD) reads and writes hard disks, and a floppy drive (FDD) accesses floppy disks. A magnetic disk drive reads magnetic disks, and an optical drive reads optical disks. Disk drives can be either internal (housed within the computer) or external (housed in a separate box that connects to the computer). Disk drives can be either internal (housed within the computer) or external (housed in a separate box that connects to the computer).7）removable disktype of disk drive in which hard disks are enclosed in plastic or metal cartridges so that they can be removed like floppy disks. Removable disk drives combine the best aspects of hard and floppy disks. They are nearly as capacious and fast as hard disks and have the portability of floppy disks. Their biggest drawback is that they're relatively expensive.8）serial portA port, or interface, that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time. A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems, mice, and printers (although most printers are connected to a parallel port).9）parallel portA parallel interface for connecting an external device such as a printer. Most personalcomputers have both a parallel port and at least one serial port.10）Pseudocode (derived from pseudo and code) is a compact and informal high-level description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of some programming language, but typically omits details that are not essential for the understanding of the algorithm, such as subroutines, variable declarations and system-specific code.11）2.5 Using Function KeysYour computer has 12 function keys, F1 through F12. The functions assigned to these keys differ for each application. You should refer to you software documentation to find out how these keys are used.The [FN] key provides extended functions for the notebook and is always used inconjunction with another key.Fn+F1 SleepThis function will put the E1245 notebook into sleep mode. The LCD will switch off and devices will switch to lower power mode.Fn+F2 Fan ControlThis function will enable or disable the Silent Fan function . This will enable the user to put the fan into quiet mode if the user needs the notebook o be quieter.Fn+F3 Mute V olumeThis function will mute the volume control in Windows and all sound output from the speakers will stop. Pressing this combination again will enable sound output.Fn+F4 LCD/Display-Out SwitchThis function will switch the display configuration for the E1425 -It will cycle between 3 modes depending on operation system settings. These 3 Modes are:LCD Only-Image on the E1425 LCDDisplay Only-Image on external monitorLCD+Display-Image on LCD and external monitor12）课本P89 EX.5 把下列短文翻译成中文。
计算机专业英语Unit02_SectionA_Computer_Hardware
A light pen is a stylus with a light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on a computer’s video screen or to select information on the screen Photo of the Hypertext Editing by pressing a clip in the System (HES) console in light use at Brown light pen or by pressing the pen against the surface University, circa October 1969.light The sensors that identify of the screen. The pen contains photo shows HES on an IBM 2250 Mod which portion the screen it lightpen is passed 4 displayof station, including and over.
Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with computer software. Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware. 尽管微处理器在技术上仍被认为是硬件，其部 分功能也与计算机软件有关系。既然微处理器同时 具有硬件与软件方面的特征，它们因此经常被称作 固件。
计算机专业英语(2)
Computer HardwareContentsz Careers in ITz TEXT A The Organization of Computer System Unit z TEXT B Input and Output z Writing Training z Translation Tips zLegendary Stories in ITTASK I Careers in ITCareers: Computer TechnicianComputer technicians repair and install computer components. They may work on everything from personal computers and mainframe servers to printers. Some computer technicians are responsible for setting up and maintaining computer networks. Experienced computer technicians may work with computer engineers to diagnose problems and run routine maintenance on complex systems. Job growth is expected in this field as computer equipment becomes more complicated and technology expands.Employers look for those with certification in computer repair or associate degrees from vocational schools. Employment usually begins with training, but most employers expect applicants to have prior technical experience. Computer technicians also can expect to continue their education to keep up with technological changes. Good communication skills are important in this field. Dialogue: Practice with Your PartnerTom: Hi, Jerry. You look so upset. What’s up?Jerry:I think computers are supposed to make our lives more convenient. But it seems like I spend half my time waiting for it to do something.Unit 2计算机专业英语·18·Tom:Why is it so slow? How much RAM do you have? Jerry:I think I have 128 Megs.Tom:That’s your problem.If you want Windows 7 to run smoothly, you need at least 256 Megs. Jerry:I have 512 Megs now. and most things work better, but I can't get my mouse to work properly. First it moves and then, all of a sudden, it jerks all the way across the screen. What can I do?Tom:Here, let me see. You should open the mouse and take out the ball.Do you see these contacts here?Jerry:Yes, they look pretty dirty.Tom: That's right. Let me clean those for you, and you'll be back to normal in no time. Jerry: Wow, you are so professional.Thank you. Tom:It’s my pleasure.TASK II TEXT AThe Organization of Computer System UnitFigure 2.1 The Organization of Computer Componentssequentially[si5kwZnFEli ] adj . 从而，循序地readily[5redili ] adv . 容易地，乐意地component[kEm5pEunEnt ] n . 部件，组件 A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. A general-purpose computer has four main components : the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices. These parts areUnit 2 Computer Hardware·19·bus [bQs ] n . 总线ArithmeticLogic Unit 运算器，运算逻辑部件circuit[5sE:kit ] n . 电路，环形fundamental[7fQndE5mentEl ] adj . 基本的，重要的maintain[men5tein ] vt . 保持，坚持accommodate[E5kCmEdeit ] vt . 容纳，顺应classification[7klAsifi5keiFEn ]n . 分类，类别distinct[dis5tiNkt ] adj . 截然不同的，明显的architecture[5B:kitektFE ] n .体系结构，建筑学address[E5dres ] n . 住址，地址binary[5bainEri ] n . 二进制register[5redVistE ] n . 寄存器interconnected by buses , often made of groups of wires (See Figure 2.1).Arithmetic Logic UnitIn computing, an arithmetic logic unit is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs.Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945, when he wrote a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC. Research into ALUs remains an important part of computer science, falling under arithmetic and logic structures in the ACM Computing Classification System.Control UnitThe control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets the program instructions, transforming them into a series of control signals which activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of some instructions so as to improve performance. In computers, the control unit was historically defined as one distinct part of the 1946 reference model of Von Neumann architecture . In modern computer designs, the control unit is typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall role and operation unchanged.MemoryA computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered “address” and can store a single number. The information storedin memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte).The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than计算机专业英语·20·random-access memory 随机存取存储器read-only memory 只读存 储器start-up 启动 indefinitely[in defEnEtli ] adv . 无限期地blur[blE :] vt .&vi . (使)变模糊 be restricted to 仅限于……，限制在……sophisticated[sE5fistikeitid ] adj .精密的，复杂的peripheral[pE5rifErEl ] n . 外围设备，周边设备perspective[pE5spektiv ] n . 远景，透视monitor[5mCnitE ] n . 监视器，显示器representation[7reprizen5teiFE n ] n . 表示，表达interaction[7intEr5AkFEn ] n .交互作用，互动 the main memory area. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed. As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory greatly increases the computer's speed.Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random -access memory or RAM and read -only memory or ROM. RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start -up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely . Flash memory blurs thedistinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part.Input/OutputI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data received by the computer, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals . Note that the designation of a device as either input or output depends on the perspective . Mouse and keyboards take as input physical movement that the human user outputs and converts it into signals that a computer can understand. The output from these devices is input for the computer. Similarly, printers and monitors take as input signals that a computer outputs. They then convert these signals into representations that human users can see or read. For a human user the process of reading or seeing these representations is receiving input. These interactions between computers and humans are studied in a field called human–computer interaction.Unit 2 Computer Hardware·21·ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. In computing, __________ __________ __________ __________ (ALU) is a digital __________ that performs arithmetic and logical operations.2. Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: __________ __________ or RAM and __________ __________ or ROM.3. Inputs are the signals or data __________ by the computer, and outputs are the signals or data __________ __________ it.4. In computers, the control unit was historically defined as one __________ part of the 1946 reference model of Von Neumann __________.5.Note that the designation of a device as either input or output depends on the __________. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. A computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices;and they are interconnected by business. ( )2. I/O(Input and Output Devices) is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world.( ) 3. Mouse and keyboards take as output physical movement that the human user inputs and converts it into signals that a computer can understand. ( ) 4. RAM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it.( ) 5. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of some instructions so as to improve performance.( )IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased andreprogrammed. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-state计算机专业英语·22·drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. It is a specific type of EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) that is erased and programmed in large blocks; in early flash the entire chip had to be erased at once.TASK III TEXT BInput andOutputFigure 2.2 Input and Output Devicesattach to 使依附 layout[5leiaut ] n . 布局combination[7kCmbi5neiFEn ] n . 结合，组合A computer is only useful when it is able to communicate with the external environment. When you work with the computer you feed your data and instructions through some devices to the computer. These devices are called input devices (See Figure 2.2). Similarly computer after processing, gives output through other devices called output devices (See Figure 2.2).Input DeviceInput devices are necessary to convert our information or data in to a form which can be understood by the computer.Keyboard: This is the standard input device attached to all computers. The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the type QWERTY. It also contains some extra command keys and function keys. It contains a total of 101 to 104 keys. You have to press correct combination of keys to input data. The computer can recognise the electrical signals corresponding to the correct keys combination and processing is done accordingly.Unit 2 Computer Hardware·23·rolls on 滚滚向前censor[5sensE ] vt . 检查 cursor[5kE:sE ] n . 光标monochrome[5mCnEkrEum ] adj . 单色的，黑白的dumb terminal 哑终端 intelligent terminal 智能终端hammering[5hAmEriN ] n .捶打，捶打的声音ribbon[5ribEn ] n .（打印机的） 色带Mouse ：Mouse is an input device that is used with personal computer. It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. When you roll the mouse across a flat surface, the screen censors the mouse in the direction of mouse movement. The cursor moves very fast with mouse giving you more freedom to work in any direction. It is easier and faster to move through a mouse.Scanner ：Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and display it back. The common optical scanner devices are Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR), Optical Mark Reader (OMR) and Optical Character Reader (OCR).Output DeviceAn output device is any piece of computer hardware equipm- ent used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer to the outside world.Visual Display Unit ：The most popular output device is the Visual Display Unit (VDU). It is also called the monitor. A keyboard is used to input data and monitor is used to display the input data and to receive massages from the computer. A monitor has its own box which is separated from the main computer system and is connected to the computer by cable. In some systems it is compact with the system unit. It can be color or monochrome .Terminals ：It is a very popular interactive input/output unit. It can be divided into two types:hard copy terminals and soft copy terminals. A hard copy terminal provides a printout on paper whereas soft copy terminals provides visual copy on monitor. A terminal when connected to a CPU sends instructions directly to the computer. Terminals are also classified as dumb terminals or intelligent terminals depending upon the work situation.Printer ：It is an important output device which can be used to get a printed copy of the processed text or result on paper. There are different types of printers that are designed for different types of applications. Depending on their speed and approach of printing, printers are classified as impact and non-impact printers. Impact printers use the familiar typewriter approach of hammering a typeface against the paper and inked ribbon . Dot-matrix printers are of this type. Non-impact printers do not hit or impact a ribbon to print. They use electro-static chemicals and ink-jet technologies.计算机专业英语·24·dot-matrix 点矩阵 ink-jet 喷墨式elaborate[I5lAbEreit ] vt . 详细设计Laser printers and ink-jet printers are of this type. This type of printers can produce color printing and elaborate graphics.ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. Terminals can be divided into two types: __________ terminals and __________ _________ terminals.2. Laser printers and __________ printers can produce __________ printing and __________graphics.3. A monitor has its own box which is __________ the main computer system and is __________ to the computer by __________.4. The __________ of keyboard is just like the__________ typewriter of the type QWERTY.5.Mouse __________ __________ a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. Input devices are necessary to convert our information or data into a form which can be understood by the computer. ( )2. Visual Display Unit (VDU) is the most popular input/output device of computer , it is also called the monitor .( ) 3. Scanner is an important inputer device,it is a kind of optical device that can output any graphical matter and display it back. ( ) 4. Mouse is an input device that is used with your personal computer, and it rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. ( ) 5. A keyboard contains some extra command keys and function keys. When you press correctcombination of keys, you can input special data.( )Unit 2 Computer Hardware·25·IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photo receptor.TASK IV Writing TrainingBusiness Card名片，又称卡片，是标示姓名及其所属组织、公司单位和联系方法的纸片。
计算机专业英语 单元测验2
计算机专业英语单元测验（二）班级_______ 学号________ 姓名_________ 成绩__________ I.Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) in relation tothe information in the text:1.With its software, a computer can store, process and retrieve information, displaymultimedia documents, search the Internet and so on.2.The parts of an operating system can be grouped into five broad functional categories.3.Early computing systems had no operating system. Users had complete access to themachine language.4.Conversational systems were developed in which users could interface directly with thecomputer through terminals. They operate in an interactive or conversational modewith users.5.Multiprogramming operating systems on personal computers can usually support asingle user running multiple programs.6.Errors may occur in the CPU and memory hardware.7.Microsoft Windows is a descendant of MS-DOS and the Windows extensions toMS-DOS developed at Microsoft.8.The 32-bit architecture decreases the process of downsizing mainframe andminicomputer application onto single or networked desktop system.9. C is one of the most popular high-level languages nowadays.10. C gives the same programming leverage as assembly languages.11. C doesn’t let you do chores performed by any assembly languages.ments must appear at the beginning of a program.13.Some systems ignore comments.ments may appear in the middle of a variable name.15.Data type is one of the characteristics of variables.16.Fixed variables maintain their value during the invocation.17. A global variable can only be defined once.18.The global variable’s initial value defaults to 1.II.Match the following key terms to the appropriate definitions:1.Operating system ______________.2.Distributed operating system __________.3.Single program operating systems _________.4.Multiprogramming operating system __________.5.Workplace __________.6.Data ___________.7.Disk drive ___________.8.Display __________.a.The operating systems allow only a single user to run a single program at one time.b.Which controls all the computer’s resources and provides the base upon which theapplication programs can be written.c.The operating systems allow more than one program to be run at the same timeone computer.d.It is one that appears to its users as a traditional uniprocessor system, even thoughis actually composed of multiple processors.e.Provides a window-based user interface for the operating system’s filemanagement functions and allows applications to share data among themselves.f.The device that plays the disk.g.The facts, numbers, letters and images input to a computer.h. A device that is used to give you feedback while you operate the computer and toview the computer’s output.III.Fill in the blanks from using the sentences and definitions found in text:1.Without its ________, a computer is basically a useless lump of metal.2.An operating system is software that manages the overall operation of the computersystem. Its primary purpose is to support ______________.3.In a network operating system, the users are aware of the existence of multiplecomputers and can log in to __________ machines and copy files from one machineanother.4.The types of operating systems include single program, multiprogramming __________,and virtual machine operating systems.5. A ___________ operating system allows a single computer to run two or more differentoperating systems.6.MS-DOS is a single-tasking operating system with a _________________user interface.7.Windows is a ____________ environment that introduces new, more streamlined waysfor you to work with your personal computers.8._________________ was specifically designed for the Intel family of microprocessors.9.The development of C began ______________________________________.10.In C environment, you _______________________________to perform I/O operation.11.The ways to call C are ___________________________________________________.12. A comment begins with ___________and ends with _______________.13.Identifiers can be made up of _____________________________________________.14.The first character is an identifier must be ___________________________________.15.The maximum length of an identifier can be ______________character.16.The initial value of fixed variables is ________________when you don’t explicitlyinitialize them.17.The storage class identifiers which C supports are ______________________________.18.There are ________________ways to create a global variable.IV.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.High level language2.Make a system call3.Tag name4.Storage class5.Global scope6.Function statement7.逻辑语言8.可执行语言9.程序模块10.低级语言11.赋值语句12.计算机程序设计员13.程序设计语言14.运行计算机程序V.Multiple Choice:1.Which of the following is not considered application software? __________a.Spreadsheet programsb.Operating systemc.Word processorsmunications programs2.Which of the following is not a multitasking operating system? __________a.Windowsb.OS/2c.MS-DOSd.System 73. A characteristic of operating system is ___________a.Resource managementb.Error recoveryc.Memory managementd.All of the above4.Which system may have no time constraints?________a.Real-time systemb.Time-share systemc.Batch systemd.All of the above5.The instructions that carry out the processing are called ___________puter programs orsoftwareb.Datarmationputer6.Which of the following is not the basic hardware components of computers _________a.Keyboardb.Displayc.Operating systemd.CPU7.Transistors and magnetic core memory are distinguishing features of which generationof computers? _________a.Firstb.Secondc.Thirdd.Fourth8.Which of the following is not a kind of medium for the storage part of the computerssystem? ___________a.Floppy diskb.Hard disksc.CD-ROM,d.Disk driveVI.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,These services can be ____________either as “external” or “internal”.The operating system provides external services that help __________ start programs, manage stored data and maintain ____________. You, as the computer user, control these external __________. Using a command-line, menu-driven, or GUI user ___________, an operating system provides you with a way to select the _________ you would like to use. The operating system also helps you find, rename, and delete _______ and other data stored on disk or tape. On many, but not all computer ________, theoperating system, the operating system helps you maintain security by checking your user ID and __________ as well as protecting your data from ___________access and revisions.The operating systems provides __________ services “behind the scenes” to ensure that the computer system functions ___________. These internal services are not generally under your ___________ but instead are controlled by the operating system itself. The operating system controls _________ and output, allocates system resources, manages the ___________ space for programs and data, and _______equipment failureIt lets the programmer express data _______ in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the _________ language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows _________ to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then ________ by program known as an assemble into the binary encoding used by the _________. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders ________ pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main _________ unit, where they are then ready for execution.The concept of linking _________ pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of ___________ to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first ________ toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software _________. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently __________ that higher-level languages( closer to natural languages ) were invented in 1950s for easier, faster ___________; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate ___________ language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more __________ and abstract, building efficient compliers that create high-quality code in terms of ___________ speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself. VII.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:But the really amazing thing is that we’re still only at the dawn of the digital age. In the past two decades, the power of microprocessors has increased more than one million times.But 20 years from now, microprocessors will probably be more than a million times again as powerful as they are today. And they’ll contain up to one billion transistors.Over the next few years the PC will remain the main computing tool for most people, but it will be joined by all kinds of now, microprocessor – powered devices that will make your life even easier. For example, when you’re traveling you‘ll be able to call up your itinerary, send an E-mail postcard, book an appointment with your doctor or balance your bank account using a handheld PC that will know what information you need, and when and where you need it. And you’ll be able to get a map, hotel guide or the news from the Web via new kinds of cell phones.。
(完整版)计算机专业英语unit2ComputerArchitecture
这些程序通常被存储起来，并由计算机硬件调入和调出中央处理器。
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1. Introduction
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Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device.
计算机硬件是计算机所需要的设备，由可被物理操纵的部件组成。
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1. Introduction
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The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: in理器同时具有硬件与软件的特征，它们因此经常被称作固 件。
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2. Input Hardware
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Input hardware consist of external devices –that is, components outside of the computer’s CPU– that provide information and instructions to the computer.
1. Introduction
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Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consist of the components that can be physically handled.
计算机专业英语作业和答案解析
计算机专业英语作业答案（供参考）计算机专业英语作业1第1－3章作业一．Vocabulary( 词汇)(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。
)1．central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器 2.title bar 标题栏3．operating system 操作系统 4．personal computer 个人计算机5．menu bar 菜单栏 6．desk publishing 桌面排版7．electronic spreadsheet 电子表格 8．hard disk 硬盘9．database 数据库 10．Cursor 光标(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
)1．随机存储器 RAM 2．只读存储器 ROM3．传输控制协议 TC P 4．数字视频光盘 DVD5．通用串行总线 USB 6．计算机辅助设计 CAD7．计算机辅助制造 CAM 8．中央处理器 CPU(三)．Translate the following Chinese into English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。
)1．键盘 keybord 2．鼠标 mouse 3．扫描仪 scanner4．打印机 printer 5．输入 input 6．输出 output7．显示器 monitor 8．存储器 storage 9．数据库 database10．操作系统 operating system 11．应用软件 application software 12．字处理器 word processor 13．网络浏览器 web browser二．Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).(判断正误。
计算机专业英语Unit2
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 2 Section 2 Passage A
•
Motherboards The motherboard is heart of the computer, with all of its connections leading out from itself and into every device in the machine. When you open a PC you’ll see the Motherboard will more than likely cover the whole of one side of the PC. It is a very important part of the system since everything has to be connected to it, everything therefore has to be compatible with it. The speed of the connections that run from each component to the motherboard can also have a positive or negative effect on the system.
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
《计算机专业英语》
郭敏 徐莹 杨阳
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
• • • •
Section1 Situational Dialog
Shopping for a Computer
Section 2 Passages
Passage A. A Guide on The Main Components In a PC Passage B. Introducing Common Peripherals
计算机专业英语作业
计算机专业英语作业：1、请将视频“什么是电脑硬件”中所述内容用英文表示。
For most people, computers are becoming a part of real life, the film will help you konw how it works. Their interior looks very complicated, but if the decomposition of parts, you will see a simple side of computers , This is《computer hardware in Plaining English 》,you see them, they are coming all shapes and sizes,but its work in some ways. In fact, if you can see their internals of computers, You will find that they all have the basic parts,the haddwares,do large part of the works in the computers.to explan,let’s look at some things you know ,like a house.what a great thing in the house is you have full space to put all the iterms.in fact ,many houses have basements.The basement is a good place to store debris.Basement, the more you can store.The same principle applies to computers.We need not boxes and bicycles, but photos, music, documents and plete this task in the computer hard drive rather than in the basement, a computer hard drive, holds all your files will be used later, like basements, like the larger hard drive, the more things you can store. Basement is not perfect, going to the basement to take the things you need to spend much time, maybe put a cupboard on the ground floor can help you solve this problem, you can quickly get the items you want, although the cabinet can not put too many items, at least you do not always go to the basement, in the computer too, The computer can not quickly access to the data stored in the hard disk, because the computer go a long way to gain access to the hard disk data. In the computer memory (RAM) is like a cupboard, RAM's full name is called [random access memory], which allows the computer to access data more quickly and, of course, it also means that the operation of RAM to make your computer faster , but this cupboard (RAM) has a drawback, the memory will be cleared of stored data When every time you restart, of course, to make the house a variety of household appliances can operate at the appropriate time, you must have an Explorer to help you manage these appliances, if the weather is too hot , you maybe need to open the air conditioner to adjust the temperature, when it is dark, you need to turn on the lights. Computers, too, must have a bit Explorer to ensure that all other parts are functioning properly, the Explorer is the processor (CPU), small size of the processor, like a computer exclusive (in charge), it will send and receive information and to assist the software to complete the work. The faster the processor, the faster execution speed of the computer would be, so, let us revisit. Hard drive, like a basement, it can store the information you need. Memory, like a cupboard, which can increase data access speed. Processor, like the Field Explorer, always able to complete the work that we deliver, but also to ensure the normal operation of the various parts. Next time, when you use the computer, think about plain English in the host computer's computer hardware what happened, the various parts of computer hardware complement each other, to help you do all the things I Common Craft's Lee LeFever, "Computer hardware of Plaining English "The film recorded by me, if you need a higher quality video, or need to use the authorization of the film, please contact me website.2、请将以下英文翻译为中文。
程序员-计算机专业英语2
程序员-计算机专业英语2(总分：20.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}综合知识试题{{/B}}(总题数：19，分数：20.00)1.C++ fully supports ______ programming.（分数：1.00）A.visualB.object-oriented √C.logicD.natural language解析：[解析] C++全面支持面向对象的程序设计。
2.A ______ system placed between the company network and the outside world may limit outside access to the internal network.（分数：1.00）A.firewall √B.modemC.gatewayD.key解析：[解析] 位于公司网络与外界之间的防火墙可以限制外界对内部网络的访问。
3.The Internet is an open system, and most information is available to everyone. It is very important to add ______ to existing system for protecting the secret information.（分数：1.00）A.web pagesB.modemC.security √work解析：[解析] 互联网是一个开放系统，大部分信息可以为每个人所用。
因此，在现有系统中增加安全性以保护秘密信息非常重要。
4.In ______, the only element that can be deleted or removed is the one that was inserted most recently.（分数：1.00）A.a lineB.a queueC.an arrayD.a stack √解析：[解析] 在栈中，只有最近插入的元素才能被删除或取出。
计算机专业英语测试题及答案
计算机专业英语测试题一、词汇测试题（每小题1分，共20分）(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese (共10分，每题1分)1．Cyber cafe2．microcomputer3．ROM4．Object-oriented programming5．utility program6．system specification7．database administrator8．modulator-demodulator9．client/server model10．spreadsheet program(二)．Translate the following terms or phrases from Chinese into English (共10分，每题1分)1．中央处理器2．广域网3．超级计算机4．电子商务5．计算机安全6．计算机文化7．网站8．域名9．数据库管理系统10．软件工程二、完型填空题（每空1分，共20分）Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the list following each paragraph, making changes if necessary:1. Computer hardware is the involved in the ofa computer and consists of the that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: , , and . Components in these categories connect to , specifically, the computer’s central unit (CPU), the electronic that provides the computational ability and control of the computer, via wires or circuitry called bus.microprocessors component processing functionoutput equipment input circuitry storage2.In the relational model, data is organized in two-dimensionalcalled . There is no or structure imposed on the data. The tables or relations are, however, related to each other. The database management system (RDBMS) the data so that its external is a of relation or tables. This does not mean that data is stored as tables: the physical of the data is independent of the way in which the is logically organized.hierarchical set organize relational relationdata storage view network table三、英译汉题（每题10分，共20分）Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:1.The field of computer science has grown rapidly since the1950s due to the increase in their use. Computer programs have undergone many changes during this time in response to user need and advances in technology. Newer ideas in computing such as parallel computing, distributedcomputing, and artificial intelligence, have radically altered the traditional concepts that once determined program form and function. In parallel computing parts of a problem are worked on simultaneously by different processors, and this speed up the solution of the problem. Another type of parallel computing called distributed computing use CPUs from many interconnected computers to solve problems.Research into artificial intelligence (AI) has led to several other new styles of programming.2.High-level languages are commonly classified asprocedure-oriented, functional, objected-oriented, logic languages. The most common high-level languages today are procedure-oriented languages. In these languages, one or more related blocks of statements that perform some complete function are grouped together into a program module, or procedure, and given a name such as “procedure A”. If the same sequence of operations is needed elsewhere in the program, a simple statement can be used to refer back to the procedure. In essence, a procedure is just a mini-program. A large program can be constructed by grouping together procedures that perform different tasks.四、汉译英题（20分）最著名的互联网例子是因特网。
计算机专业英语第3版unit2
1
2.1 C Language
C is a general-purpose, structured programming language. C was developed in the early 1970s. C might best be described as a “mediumlevel language.” unlike most high-level language, C lets you easily do chores additionally performed by assembly language.
2013-7-8
计算机专业英语（第3版）
5
Three ways of creating a global variable
Create a variable at the top-level with the extern storage class specifier. Create a variable at the head-of block with the extern storage class specifier. Create a variable at the top-level and omit a storage class specifier.
译文：每当程序进入变量说明块时，一个动态持续 变量就会建立。
2013-7-8 计算机专业英语（第3版） 13
Notes
[3] The run-time system initializes fixed variables only once, whereas dynamic variables, if they are declared with an initializer, are reinitialized each time their block is entered. 本句中if引导了一个条件状语从句。“whereas”是一连词， 含义是“反之；而”。 译文：实时系统只初始化一次固定变量，而对于动态变量， 若用初始程序说明，则每当进入动态变量块时，就重新初始 化。
计算机专业英语作业2
作业2 翻译（词汇篇）Translate the following Chinese into English.1.这根电缆的长度是那根电缆的长度的3倍。
The length of this cable is three times of that one.2.第二代计算机的体积是第一代计算机的体积的1/10.The volume of the second generation of computers is one tenth of the first one.3.新计算机的速度将增加2倍。
The speed of new computers will be increased by two times.4.这根电线的长度比那根电线的长度长20米。
The length of this wire is 20 meters longer than that one.5.这种计算机的使用寿命增加了10年。
The working life of this kind of computer is increased 10 years.6.这种存储器的容量大约是那种存储器的3倍。
The capacity of the storage is about three times of that one.7. 初学者应该先学面向对象技术的基本概念，再学面向对象技术的三大机制，最后再学面向对象的分析与设计。
Firstly, beginners should learn the basic concepts of object-oriented technology, then they learn three mechanism of object-oriented technology, and finally they learn object oriented analysis and design.8.机器人沿西北方向移动了80米。
计算机专业英语作业2
计算机专业英语作业2第4-6章作业一．Vocabulary( 词汇)(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。
) 1．database 2．flat-file database3．relational database4．data structure5．built in6．coding7．machine language8．Property Window9．software crisis10．object model11．black box testing12．white box testing13．Bug14．software maintenance 15．Requirements Analysis & Specification(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
)1．结构化查询语言2．关系型数据库管理系统3．集成开发环境4．多文档界面5．单文档界面6．面向对象分析7．面向对象设计8．面向对象编程(三)．Translate the following Chinese into English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。
)1．客户机/服务器2．二维的3．点击鼠标右键4．调试程序5．高级语言6．标准版7．代码窗口8．软件生命周期9．软件测试10．数据流图二．Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).(判断正误。
) 1．Client/server database system is no longer in use now. ( ) 2．Flat-file style of database is suitable for large amounts of data. ( ) 3．SQL Server can allow many users to visit the database at the same time. ( )4．Maintenance of programs is not as important as the development. ( ) 5．High-level language is popular, because it is directly executable in computer without compiling.( ) 6. There are various languages for humans, whereas(然而)there is only one programming language for computer. ( ) 7. The windows that are displayed when you start VB are known as the Visual Basic Integrated Development Environment (IDE). ( ) 8. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues. ( )9. OOD is the stage of creation and OOP is an implementation stage. ( )10. White box testing requires the tester to have knowledge of the internal structure. ( )三．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。
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计算机专业英语作业（2）一、Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese.1．热插拔2．操作系统3．芯片组4．输入输出端口5．挂接设备6．键盘7．触摸屏8．屏幕指针9．光笔10．游戏杆11．轨迹球12．显示屏13．图标14．图形符号15．高速缓冲存储器16．外部总线17．远程访问18．调制解调器19．宽带20．激光打印机21．Crosshair cursor 22．Dragging and dropping 23．Portable computer 24．Machine address25．Non-impact method 26．Monochrome output 27．Grayscale output 28．Ink-jet printer29．Solid-ink printer 30．High-intensity laser beam 31．Replaceable color cartridge 32．Thermal-transfer printer 33．Thermal-wax-transfer printer 34．Dye-sublimation printer二、For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one.1．The basic input device on a sma11 computer is a ．a．display screen b．keyboardc．printer d．card reader2．The basic output device on a small computer is a ．a．keyboard b．diskettec．display screen d．plotter3．A display screen is divided into a grid of ．a．bytes b．pixels c．bits d．words 4．The indicates where on the screen the next character will appear．a．pixel b．cursorc．picture element d．x—y coordinate5．External devices are linked to a small computer system through ．a．channels b．plugs c．control units d．interfaces6．The method with which dot—matrix printers form characters can include：a．striking a ribbon with a hammerb．spraying ink with a nozzlec．transferring the pattern with heat or laserd．all of above7．A(n) is temporary storage used to allow for the speed disparity between adjacent devices．a．buffer b．control unit c．interface d．channel 8．On a large computer system a links external devices to the computer，and also performs a number of device- independent tasks．a．channel b．buffer c．control unit d、register 9．On a large computer system a links external devices to a channel.a．control unit b．bufferc．register d．the link is direct10．A computer’s internal components are linked bya．cables b．software c．bus lines d．they aren’t11．Data flow over a bus ina．serial b．parallel c．either d．neither 12．On a microcomputer system, each peripheral device has its own ．a．channel b．interface c．control unit d．bus line 13．On a microcomputer, the directly controls I/O.a．channel b．processorc．bus d．interface board14．The serves as a hardware/software interface.a．system b．application programc．control unit d．operating system15．A user communicates with the operating system through ．a．instructions b．a programc．hardware d．a command language三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Human being access a computer through its input and output devices．The basic input device on most small computer systems is the keyboard．As a user types characters，they are stored in the computer’s m ain memory. From there，they are output to a display screen ( the basic output device )，where the user can see them．If a permanent copy of the output is required，it can be sent from memory to a printer．Computers are not limited to character output，however，many systems support graphics．A screen is divided into a number of points called pixels．Images are formed by selectively turning the pixels on and off．A screen’s reso1ution is a function of the number of pixels．We briefly considered several other input and output devices and media，including punched cards，various types of printers，magnetic media, optical media, terminal，and voice I／O．Finally，we turned to the problem of linking input and output devices to a computer system．Each device is electronically different，but the computer always deals with a common code．An interface board serves to bridge this gap．An input device sends its data to the interface，which converts the data from the external device’s form to the computer’s internal form and stores them in main memory. On output，information moves from memory to the interface，where it is converted to the external device’s form，and output．A buffer can help to adjust for the speedDifferential between adjacent devices；On larger computers，each external device is linked to a control unit．The control units are plugged into channels，and the channels are connected to the computer．In this chapter，we have focused on input and output，showing how human beings communicate with a computer．One of the advantages of putting data into a computer is that，once they have been converted to electronic form，they can be used over and over again．In the next chapter，we’ll consider long—term secondary storage．。