初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分

The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为：

The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.

(主语) ( 定语) (谓语) (状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语)

按意群划分，此句为：

The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.

一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法

（一）、主语

主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。

主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。

1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语）

2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语)

3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语)

4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语）

5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语）

6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway.

(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)

请指出下列句中主语的中心词。

1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.

2. There is a bird flying in the sky.

3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help.

（二）、谓语

在明确了主语后，我们再来说谓语。谓语是用来回答、说明、解释主语“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”等的部分。英语句子中，除少数情况外，谓语必须是动词。而且，除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语的位置相对来说是固定的，它总是位于主语的后面。

1. His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）

2. We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）

3. We have finished reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

4. He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

请选出下列句中谓语的中心词。

1. I don't like the picture on the wall.

2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

3. Do you usually go to school by bus?

4. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

5. What I want to tell you is this.

（三）、宾语

从语法角度说，及物动词后面要接宾语(介词后也有宾语) 。从意义上来说，宾语是动作的对象、目标。

宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。

1. We often help him. （代词作宾语）

2. He likes to play basketball. （不定式作宾语）

3. We enjoy listening to the music. （动名词短语作宾语）

4. She said that she felt sick. （从句做宾语）

The sun gives us light and warmth. （us为间接宾语，light and warmth为直接宾语）

1、间接宾语多指人，直接宾语多指物。可以带两个宾语的动词有：bring, give,

show, send, pass, tell 等。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

2、如果强调直接宾语，可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加介词“to”或“for”。

接to的动词有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。

Give your mother the letter.＝Give the letter to your mother.

直接宾语间接宾语

接for的动词有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。

Can you find me my bag? ＝Can you find my bag for me?

直接宾语间接宾语

这正是：人前物后看清楚，换位要加for或to。

请挑出下列句中的宾语。

1. My brother hasn't done his homework.

2. People all over the world speak English.

3. How many new words did you learn last class?

4. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

5. You will find it useful after you leave school.

请划出下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。