2英文翻译格式和要求8757409

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2[1].英文翻译格式和要求

From the world of radio in the world to a single chipModern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems.First, radio has created generations of excellence in the worldFifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless communications began e-world journey.Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report issued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive content. So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, Professor of the year are radio enthusiasts. Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence.Second, from the popularity of the radio era to era of electronic technologyThe early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronic technology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas.The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated circuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatly liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems.Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough.A large number of digital logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineering in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object.Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electronic technology a part of.70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote theconventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks, calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio technology, electronic technology has weakened the charm. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other than the shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio fun times and comprehensive engineering training. Third, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most important sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems. If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, etc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environment, the external physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control system. This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most of the electronic system used, and to make general-purpose computer system meets the requirements of embedded applications, will inevitably affect the development of high-speed numeric processing. In order to solve the contradiction between the development of computer technology, in the 20th century 70s, semiconductor experts another way, in full accordance with the electronic system embedded computer application requirements, a micro-computer's basic system on a chip, the formation of the early SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer). After the advent of single chip in the computer industry began to appear in the general-purpose computer systems and embedded systems the two branches. Since then, both the embedded system, or general-purpose computer systems have been developed rapidly.Although the early general-purpose computer converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applications, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, for example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good peripheral interface bus and outstanding control of instruction.A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the current single chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.4, single chip to create the modern era of electronic systemsA microcontroller and embedded systemsEmbedded computer systems from embedded applications, embedded systems forearly general-purpose computer adapted to the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object system, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer. SCM is entirely in accordance with the requirements of embedded system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems. SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will become mainstreamMCU is a device-level computer systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery, such as watches, hearing aids. Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems has in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners. SCM innovation the original electronic systems, such as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set the clock, the program memory, power control; air conditioner after use of SCM is not only convenient for remote parameter setting, running automatically transform, frequency control can be achieved. At present, many household appliances such as VCD, DVD only single chip to achieve its function may occur before.3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industryCurrent electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to meet the human-computer interaction, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, signal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state relays, stepper motor controller, frequency control unit, etc., to meet the communication requirements various bus driver, level converters.Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements of modern electronic systems development. This makes the original classic world of increasingly small electronic systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible to stay. 5, SCM will create a new generation of electronic eliteIf the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today's SCM will create a new generation of e-world elite.A single chip with you to the intelligent electronicsIf we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, electronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the application gives it "life." For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time display running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing. Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions.Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors.2 single chip computer with you to the industrial areaThe 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people are not used in the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of intelligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer software training, hardware and technical personnel of one of the best roads.3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital worldCharming single chip to enable you to experience the true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroller hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toys, with macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model. High levels can be developed robots, such as robot soccer, the development of industrial control units, network communications, and high-level language with assembly language or design application. Microcontroller and embedded systems around the formation of the future of the electronics industry, will provide a vast world of electronic fans, an even broader than the current wireless world, richer, more durable, more attractive in the digital world. Plunge into the microcontroller in the world to, will benefit your life.MCU AttacksCurrently, there are four single chip attack technique, namely:(1) software attackThe technology is commonly used processor communication interface and use protocol, encryption algorithm or the algorithm of security vulnerabilities to attack. The success of software attack is a typical example of the early ATMEL AT89C MCU attacks. Attacker single chip erase operation of the timing design flaw, erase the encryption used by ourselves locked in place, the next stop on-chip program memory data erase operation, thus bringing into too close a single chip SCM not encrypted, and then use the programmer to read out chip program.(2) electronic detection of attacksThe technology is usually a high time resolution to monitor the processor during normal operation of all power and interface simulation features, and by monitoring the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of it to attack. Because SCM is an active electronic device, when it executes a different command, the corresponding changes in the power consumption accordingly. This through the use of special electronic measuring instruments and mathematical statistical analysis and detection of these changes, you can access key information specific microcontroller.(3) fault generation technologyAbnormal working conditions of the technology used to make the processor errors, and provide additional access to attack. Produce the most widely used means of attack, including the fault of the impact and the clock voltage shock. Low voltage and high voltage protection circuit attack can be used to prohibit the work of processor execution errors or enforcement action. Clock transition may reset the transient protection circuit will not damage the protected information. Power and clock transients transition effects in certain single-processor instruction decoding and execution.(4) probeThis technology is directly exposed to chip connection, and then observe, manipulate, interfere with single chip to achieve the attack purpose. For convenience, these four people will attack techniques are divided into two categories is the intrusion type attack (physical attack), such attack requires destruction of package, then use semiconductor test equipment, microscopes and micro-positioning device, in a special laboratory spend hours or even weeks to complete. All of the micro-probe techniques are invasive type attack. The other three methods are non-invasive type attack, attack the MCU will not be physical damage. In some cases, non-invasive-type attacks are particularly dangerous, but because of non-invasive type attacks can usually be made and the necessary equipment to upgrade, so it is cheap.Most non-invasive type attack requires the attacker have a good knowledge of processors and software knowledge. In contrast, the invasive type of probe do not need too much of the initial attack of knowledge, and usually a set of similar technology available to deal with a wide range of productsMCU general process of invasion-type attackInvasive type of attack is thrown off its first chip package. There are two ways to achieve this goal: the first one is completely dissolved out chip package, exposed metal connections. The second is only removed to the top of the plastic package silicon core. The first method is the need to bind to the test fixture on the chip, using bind Taiwan to operate. The second method requires the attacker in addition to a certain degree of knowledge and necessary skills, but also the wisdom and patience, but operate relatively easy.Above the plastic chips can be opened with a knife, epoxy around the chip can be eroded by concentrated nitric acid. Hot concentrated nitric acid will dissolve out without affecting the chip, chip packaging and connection. This process usually very dry conditions, because the presence of water may erode the aluminum wire connections have been exposed.Then, in ultrasonic cleaning of the pool first chip with acetone to remove residual nitric acid, then washed with water to remove salt and dried. No ultrasound pool, are generally skip this step. This case, the chip surface, a bit dirty, but do not affect the operation of UV effects on the chip. The final step is to find the location of the protection fuse and fuse protection under exposure to UV light. General use at least a 100 times magnification microscope, from the programming voltage input pin of the connection tracking in, to find protection fuse. If there is no microscope, the use of different parts of the chip is exposed to ultraviolet light and observe the results under the simple search mode. Operation applied opaque paper cover to protect the program memory chips are not erased by ultraviolet light. Will protect the fuse exposed under UV light 5 to 10 minutes to destroy the protection bit of the protective effect, use a simple programmer can directly read the contents of program memory.The use of the protective layer to protect the MCU EEPROM cell, using ultraviolet light reset protection circuit is not feasible. For this type of MCU, the general use of micro-probe technology to read the memory contents. In the chip package is opened, the chip placed under the microscope can easily find from the memory circuit connected to other parts of the data bus.For some reason, the chip lock-bit programming mode is not locked in the memory of the visit. Advantage of this flaw on the data lines to probe the above data can be read all you want. In programming mode, restart the process of reading and connect probe to the other data can be read online program and data memory, all of the information.There is also a possible means of attack is the use of microscopy and laser cutting machines and other equipment to find the fuse protection to this part of the circuit tracing and linking all the signal lines. Because of the design defects, so long as cut off from other circuit protection fuse to a one signal line, you can ban the entire protection. For some reason, this thread is very far from the other line, so the use of laser cutting machine can cut the wirewithout affecting the adjacent line. In this way, using a simple programmer can directly read the contents of program memory.Although the most common single chip microcontroller has fuse blown inside the code protection features, but because of general low-end MCU is not positioning the production of safe products, so they often do not provide targeted preventive measures and the low level of security. MCU applications with a broad, large sales volume, commission processing and transfer of technology between firms frequently spilled a lot of technical data, making use of loopholes in the design of such chips and test interface manufacturer, and by modifying the invasive type fuse protection bits, etc. means of attack or invasion-type attack to read MCU's internal procedures have become easier.About common single chipSTC microcontrollerSTC's mainly based on the 8051 microcontroller core is a new generation of enhanced MCU, the instruction code is fully compatible with the traditional 8051, 8 to 12 times faster, with ADC, 4 Road, PWM, dual serial ports, a global unique ID, encryption of good, strong anti-interference.PIC Microcontroller:MICROCHIP's products is its prominent feature is a small, low power consumption, reduced instruction set, interference, reliability, strong analog interface, the code of confidentiality is good, most of the chip has its compatible FLASH program memory chips. EMC SCM:Elan's products in Taiwan, with much of the PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatible, and compatible products, resources, compared to the PIC's more, cheap, there are many series of options, but less interference.ATMEL microcontroller (MCU 51):ATMEl company's 8-bit microcontroller with AT89, AT90 two series, AT89 series is the 8-bit Flash microcontroller 8051 is compatible with the static clock mode; AT90 RISC MCU is to enhance the structure, all static methods of work, containing the line can be Flash MCU programming, also known A VR microcontroller.PHLIPIS 51PLC Microcontroller (MCU 51):PHILIPS company's MCU is based on the 80C51 microcontroller core, embedded power-down detection, simulation and on-chip RC oscillator and other functions, which makes 51LPC in highly integrated, low cost, low power design to meet various applications performance requirements.HOLTEK SCM:Sheng Yang, Taiwan Semiconductor's single chip, cheap more categories, but less interference for consumer products.TI company microcontroller (MCU 51):Texas Instruments MSP430 provides the TMS370 and two series of general-purpose microcontroller. TMS370 MCU is the 8-bit CMOS MCU with a variety of storage mode, a variety of external interface mode, suitable for real-time control of complex situations; MSP430 MCU is a low power, high functionality integrated 16-bit low-power microcontroller, especially for applications that require low power consumption occasions Taiwan Sonix's single, mostly 8-bit machines, some with PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatible, cheap, the system clock frequency may be more options there PMW ADC internal noise filtering within the vibration. Shortcomings RAM space is too small, better anti-interference.从无线电世界到单片机世界现代计算机技术的产业革命，将世界经济从资本经济带入到知识经济时代。

英语二作文写作格式

英语二作文写作格式以下是一篇符合您要求的英语二作文，内容围绕日常生活场景展开，每个段落的语言特点各不相同，以展示多样化的表达：---。

I was just walking down the street, and suddenly, this cute little dog caught my eye. It had big brown eyes and a fluffy tail, wagging so happily. It made me smile and reminded me of my own pet at home.Oh, the weather today! It's so sunny and warm, perfect for a picnic in the park. I can already smell the fresh grass and hear the children laughing. I should definitely invite some friends over this weekend.I stopped by the coffee shop on my way to work. The barista gave me my usual, a cappuccino with extra foam.It's just the right amount of sweetness to start the day. I can't imagine how I'd function without my morning coffee.At the bookstore, I found this new novel thateveryone's been talking about. The cover is so intriguing, and the reviews are all rave. I think I'll give it a try, maybe even take it on my next vacation.My phone's been buzzing with notifications all day.It's my friend asking if I'm free for dinner tonight. I haven't seen her in a while, so I think I'll say yes. We could catch up over some good food and laughs.---。

翻译格式要求及范例

翻译格式是伊甸园字幕组长期实践和广泛调查的基础上统一形成的。

请大家充分重视格式的重要性，因为这体现了翻译的态度以及字幕的质量。

统一的格式也会为之后的校对工作提供很多便利。

首先介绍一下翻译时提供的英文字幕首先介绍一下翻译时提供的英文字幕：：3800:02:31,251 --> 00:02:34,152But they're not stupid.Richard, especially, has great taste.“38”表示的是句数。

“00:02:31,251 --> 00:02:34,152”是时间轴，决定了字幕何时出现在影片中，以及持续的时间。

这两部分翻译时保持原样，千万不要删除或者更改。

下面具体介绍翻译的格式要求下面具体介绍翻译的格式要求：：1．标点符号1）逗号、句号都不用保留。

出现在句中时，用一个半角的空格代替；出现在句末时，直接删除。

例如：3800:02:31,251 --> 00:02:34,152But they're not stupid.Richard, especially, has great taste.翻译为:3800:02:31,251 --> 00:02:34,152但是他们不傻尤其是Richard 他鉴赏力极佳2）问号、感叹号、省略号、书名号、引号是需要保留的，统一使用半角的标点。

例如:4900:03:02,015 --> 00:03:04,916-Zach! My man!-What's up, man?翻译为：4900:03:02,015 --> 00:03:04,916- Zach! 伙计!- 什么事伙计?3）一个时间轴下面出现两个人的对白，需要把对白分置两行，对白前加“-”和一个空格。

这里需要注意，由于翻译时提供的英文字幕是影片本身自带的字幕经过软件转换过来的，有可能格式与我们要求的不符，这个时候，大家需要严格按照教程，把缺失的格式补上。

英语2级作文格式

英语2级作文格式The format of an English Level 2 essay is a crucial aspect of academic writing that every student should be familiar with. This format serves as a structured framework to present ideas, arguments, and supporting evidence in a clear and organized manner. By adhering to the established guidelines, writers can effectively communicate their thoughts and convey their message to the reader.The typical structure of an English Level 2 essay consists of three main sections: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Each section plays a vital role in the overall composition and contributes to the cohesiveness and coherence of the essay.The introduction is the opening paragraph of the essay and serves to provide the reader with an overview of the topic. This section should capture the reader's attention and establish the central focus of the essay. It often includes a thesis statement, which is a concise and clear expression of the main argument or central idea that the essay will explore. The introduction should also provide any necessary background information or context to help the reader understandthe significance and relevance of the topic.The body of the essay is the most substantial section, where the writer develops and supports their main argument or ideas. This section typically consists of several paragraphs, each focusing on a specific aspect or point related to the overall topic. Each paragraph should have a clear topic sentence that introduces the main idea, followed by supporting evidence, examples, or explanations that strengthen the argument. The body paragraphs should be logically organized, with smooth transitions between ideas to ensure a coherent flow of information.Within the body, it is important to consider the structure and organization of the essay. One common approach is the use of the five-paragraph essay format, which includes an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This format provides a clear and straightforward structure for the writer to follow, making it easier to develop and present their ideas effectively.Another important aspect of the body section is the use of supporting evidence. Writers should incorporate relevant and credible sources, such as academic articles, research studies, or expert opinions, to support their claims and strengthen their arguments. Proper citation of these sources is crucial to maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism.The conclusion is the final section of the essay and serves to summarize the main points and reaffirm the central argument or thesis. This section should not introduce any new information but rather synthesize the key ideas presented throughout the essay. The conclusion should leave the reader with a clear understanding of the essay's main message and the significance of the topic.In addition to the overall structure, the formatting and presentation of an English Level 2 essay are also important considerations. Writers should adhere to standard formatting guidelines, such as using a 12-point font, double-spacing the text, and maintaining consistent margins. Proper citation of sources, whether in-text or in a reference list, is essential to demonstrate the writer's engagement with relevant literature and to provide a clear trail of evidence for the reader to follow.Furthermore, the language and tone used in the essay should be formal and academic in nature. Writers should avoid the use of contractions, colloquial expressions, or overly casual language, and instead, strive for a clear, concise, and objective writing style. The use of appropriate vocabulary, proper grammar, and correct spelling is also crucial in maintaining the academic integrity of the essay.In conclusion, the format of an English Level 2 essay is a criticalaspect of effective academic writing. By understanding and adhering to the established guidelines, writers can create a well-structured and cohesive essay that effectively communicates their ideas and arguments to the reader. The introduction, body, and conclusion work together to form a comprehensive and compelling piece of writing, while attention to formatting, language, and citation practices ensures the overall quality and academic rigor of the essay.。

汉译英格式规范

汉译英翻译格式规范I 格式规范1. 正文标题、机构名称、图表格名称和表头中所有单词（除虚词外）的首字母均大写；但标题为句子的情况除外；2. 译文中出现的标准、规范名称，单独出现时每个单词首字母均应大写并斜体，不加引号；在表格中出现时不用斜体；3. 摄氏度符号统一从“符号”“Times new roman”中找到“°”（位于最右一列）插入，然后在后面加上大写“C”，即“°C”；4. 排比和并列的内容，标点应统一。

一般做法是中间采用“;”，最后一个采用“.”，最后一个与倒数第二个之间用“; and”；5. 数值范围的表示形式应是：110-220 kV，而不是110 kV～220 kV；注意：数字和连字符之间没有空格，数字和单位之间有空格数字与单位之间要加一个空格，但“°C”、“°F”和“%”除外；6. 在英文中，百分号应采用英文半角“%”，而不可采用中文全角“%”；7. 公式中的符号从“插入公式”中选择；8. 文本框中第一个单词首字母大写；9. 1号机组和2号机组、一期和二期的表示方法：Unit 1 & 2；Phase I & II；10. 第x条（款、项）和第y条（款、项）的表示方法：Article x and Article y，即表示条（款、项）的词不能省略；11. 文件中出现公式时，公式后说明性文字的“其中”、“式中”统一译为“Where:”，注意其后加冒号；对公式中的字母和符号进行解释时，采用“-”，其前后均不空格，“-”后的首字母为小写；公式后的说明要用分号，最后采用句号。

例如：Where:F sc-short circuit current force (lb/ft);V-velocity;P-gas density.12. 冒号后首字母小写；13. 大于号、小于号、等号两边均有空格；14. 表格的标题和标题栏字体加粗；15. 注意上下标与原文一致；16. 直径符号φ的输入方法：插入，符号，字体选择Symbol，然后选择输入φ，并采用斜体；17. 日期按译文语言，应采用公历，按月、日、年顺序排列，例如，December 1, 2006；18. 译文的章节与条款编号，应与原文一致，有问题提出；19. 翻译中，数字应重点关注，均应与原文核对；20. 标点符号按英文惯例，英文中应全部采用英文半角符号，不得出现全角的顿号（、）逗号（，）句号（。

2[1].英文翻译格式和要求

Access control system principleThe field of national security and mainstream providers, attendance systems, access control card system. The best solutions and attentive service! For office integrated security solutions provide better security protection.Access control system is only in recent years in domestic widely used another high-tech security is one of the facilities, has become a symbol of modern architecture of the intelligent. In more and more attention to business intelligence and security today, to import some important organs, scientific research laboratories, archives, as well as related to the beneficial to the people's livelihood utilities control center, civil aviaton airport and other places of the staff, to import authorization control.Economic growth is sometimes triggered by the occurrence of crime, the pursuit of security in modern buildings on the security system requirements are also getting higher and higher. Building security system includes not only the closed-circuit television and anti-theft alarm, in addition also includes some door locks, anti-theft doors, anti-theft network and security personnel, the people can not meet the increasing safety requirements.Security management function, can be set using the permissions and access time, can and will use the person's name, age, job, photographs of up to 18content data is input to the computer, convenient query statistics and verification of identity;Attendance function, can according to the actual situation of staff designation classification, according to various holidays, a working day attendance record;Patrol function, can record the patrol route, time and patrol point events such as the door is damaged, elevator fault;Multiple access modes, you can set the door lock is not only into a long, a timing switch, multiple functions and various combinations of;Emergency and statistical functions, this system can be displayed on the computer of a designated cardholder of the physical location, to facilitate the timely contact. In case of fire and other emergency situations, fire doors will open automatically, facilitate the escape, access can also be opened automatically; when the illegal to import, will automatically alarm; the system also can according to customer needs, print out all kinds of statistics.Access control system is a system of public security category. The buildings within the main zone management, import and export, elevator hall, main equipmentcontrol center computer room, valuables warehouse and other important department a passageway, installing magnetic switch, electric control lock or reader control device, central control room monitoring system using computer, multiple tasks, to the port of each channel location, traffic object and passing time in real time control or set up procedures to control, to a number of banks, finance and trade building and office building integrated public security management.Access control system function lies in the management of population and control area, restrict unauthorized person import and specific area, and has been authorized to import more forthright in. System available induction card, fingerprint, password, as authorized identification, by controlling the machine programming, recording import person date and time, and can be matched with the alarm and closed-circuit television system to achieve optimum management. Applicable to all types of office, computer room, database, parking and storage.Gateway access control system to take the card to replace the key in the door way. A user with one card can open multiple locks, the door lock opening can also have a time limit. If the card is lost, without replacing the lock, just from the control host cancellation. Gateway access control system is based on the import and export of access control, management and recording device for whom, when and where to detailed tracking, in order to achieve the center on the import and export of24 hours, for control, monitoring and management.Each one of the entrances and exits of a card reader, which reads the card through the controller parameters judgement analysis: access, lock open, personnel may pass. Ban is not action and lock alarm immediately and make the appropriate records; the user can select various types of card reader: a magnetic card reader, card reader, Wei radical induction type card reader, hands-free reader, remote infrared reader, can also use digital password keyboard lock; management the software can not only to different access card reader opening time, access time for programming, but also on each piece of card allows access to the area, time limit to prevent people" fall into a wrong path", and can query access; according to the specific requirements of customers customized software attendance, overtime, late time statistics, times, and calculate the monthly salary, should deduct the wages and real wage; the unit leader in special personnel, can have special permissions settings, so as to achieve each entrance and each separate programming staff, unified management of the system as a whole; each movement, such as which opens, time is long, who opens the door and so on, all documented management center. Once the accident happens, these records will become strong and could not change the evidence.System with return prevention transfer function: prevent people to enter an area, the card back to the regional foreign graph with the same card into another staff; has a staff of tracking function: in the outer door was not closed before, could not open the door; if forced the door open, malicious destruction of thecard reader or the keyboard, invalid card or bad password attempts to open the door and other abnormal events, management center immediately informed and to remind the guard on duty. System startup scene searchlight, recorders and other related equipment.Induction card characteristicsBecause the induction card listed, then the user does not need to carry the key from the key from being copied, more troubles, again also need not worry about property may incur losses. Induction type signal transmitter for package form has many kinds, including card, key ring type, pen type, glass tube, Mike pen ... ... And so on, with the volume of the size difference, while the volume size is often correlated with the induction distance proportional to, in general, the use of personnel to access and parking control, in order to facilitate carrying, usually made of card type, it is commonly known as the inductive card.Action principle:The inductive card ( Promixity Card ) to contact card called, magnetic card in use must have " swipe" action to achieve the purpose of regulation. Usually a card with IC chip, an induction coil and capacitor components. Induction card for the transponder end, while the inductive card reader for receiving end, similar to generator, continuous transmit frequency. When the card close to the card reader sends RF rate range, card within the coil will be receiving this frequency and generate energy, the energy stored in the capacitor, when the energy reaches the excitation state, will the card IC chip are burned to send password card reader card reader identification passes, can open the door there, the brand of card reader emitted by different frequency, so the card does not have exchange and can use condition.Set access control management system the main purpose is to guarantee the regional and area safety equipment for personnel, the reasonable flow of these critical areas, enter personnel to implement various forms of import license management, in order to limit free import. When the staff to enter the regulated area, must be at the door of the card reader card, the door can be opened. Each side of the door card reader through the control interface unit and a system controller by the monitoring terminal control. Each card according to the system settings, only within the time specified in the scope of the provisions of the door open. At the same time preventing foreign agents barge in, if someone forced the door open or work didn't close the door, a door control device sends out warning signal, monitor terminal immediately display alarm door. The design of access control system is designed to realize personnel access privilege control and access information recording.Access control system principle1, to take control of the exit and entrance, installed by the locking device and sensors ( such as: electronic cipher keyboard, a card reader, fingerprint reader ) is controlled by the door;2, authorized personnel holding a valid card, or the password and his fingerprints, can open the gate control;3, all access to information, are recorded by the computer; the computer can be modified at any time the authorized personnel import permission;4, the system can also join the attendance system function;System requirementsA high degree of integration with other systems: the complete linkage, including : fire alarm system, CCTV system, elevator system, information and communication systems, parking systems and building control system.Gao Baoan: requires that the entire system performance is stable, safe and reliable, strong security.Redundancy rate: with large capacity expansion, such as the need to expand without additional equipment, main control part, only need to increase front end equipment and field control unit.System functionRights management: personnel access permissions settings, change, cancel, recovery.Storage: store staff out of date, time, number, whether illegal and other relevant information.Centralized management function: the backstage management workstation can establish the database users, regular or real-time acquisition of each import and export import data, at the same time according to the user query, summary, classification, printing.Abnormal alarm: illegal intrusion, destruction of door lock occurs the system will send out alarm information is transmitted to the management center.Linkage function: may realize the fire, when a fire happens, by in the center of unified open access, can start the CCTV implementation of real-time monitoring of transport.Access control system of microcomputer management functionSystem management:This software is the function of the system all the equipment and data management, have the following content-- equipment registerFor example, in increasing controller or the card, need to register, in order to make it effective in reducing the controller card; or is lost, when the people change the failure.-- level setIn the registered card, which can pass through those doors, which can not by. A controller can be made which card through which, not allowed by. For computer operation to set a password, to control what people can do.-- time managementYou can set certain controllers in what time may or may not allow the holder to the card at any time; which may or may not by what door.-- database managementThe system records data storage, backup, archive and reading process.Event log: the normal operation of the system, on a variety of access events, abnormal events and the treatment methods were recorded, stored in the database, for future inquiries.Report generation: according to the requirements of timing or randomly generate various reports. For example, you can find someone in a certain period of time in and out of a door, in a certain period of time who are the import, report generation, and can be printed out by a printer. Find out the" management"," patrol management"," meeting room management .".Network communication : a system is not as a single system exists, it will send a message to other systems. For example, in a break-in, television monitoring system to send a message, so that the camera to monitor the situation, and video. So there must be a system for communication between a support.Management system in addition to complete the required function, also should be beautiful, human-machine interface, so that the personnel easy *.Access control systemControlled door; controller; magnetic lock; the card reader and card; manual button; key; lights; and PC communication cable; the upper PC machine; industry-specific softwareAccess control system functionCard door : if the number is incorrect or belong to black list will be closed and the alarmThe manual button to open the door inside the door: personnel going outKey: access control systems administratorPC command switch door : the special case is provided by the host computer instruction door switchThe state of the door and the controlled recording information to the PC: can conveniently queryPC card management: responsible for issuing cards and sign in black listTo access the marketThe traditional personal identification methods can not fully meet the modern social economic activities and social security needs. From the elimination of human unsafe factors, only not easily replaced by others, imitation, even I do not transfer the identity certificate to qualify. Therefore, from a usability, security, maturity and cost and other aspects of comprehensive comparison, along with the IT ( Information Technology ) continues to advance, with recognition technology matures, with the rapid development of computer technology, access control technology is developing rapidly, with breathtaking speed from the traditional keyboard, magnetic card to card multi function card, smart card and the direction of development. Now access control systems can even use the satellite network provides global access control service. From the access control system rapid growth speed can be seen in the product market has gradually become mature, a former alarm and monitoring products rule all the land situation, experts predict that by the recently implemented: induction of access control system of the city is a 300% annual growth rate of the amazing.Access control technology developmentMost people think that access is only a door control device, the most typical is the traditional door mounted to the keyboard controller or a magnetic card reader, and in order to obtain access to credit card. However now access control has more advanced technology and new application market, now used in access control system technology include: bar code, bar code graphics ID, magnetic, Weiradical, induction type, code, biological identification. The induction of access control and biological recognition will become the two big trends of the development of access control.The access control system adopts the technique and can achieve different security level. For example: optical techniques applied to the bar code and graphics in ID system identification stored in the bar code and graphics information in ID; electromagnetic technology is applied to the magnetic card entrance guard system, when the cardholder brush card system will read allowed into the magnetic properties; Wei root technology is extremely clever, still belong to the category of electromagnetics; induction type technology commonly used frequency generally in110 ~ 125KHz, the frequency is strong, induction of access control system card reading distance farther, as technology continues to improve, frequency of 13.56MHz induction type entrance guard system card reading distance can reach nearly 1meters, this control system has many other applications, such as: parking field, various charges system. Of course the most secure access control system should be able to identify the biologic characteristics of human body, instead of identifying people holding object features of the system, such as : the use of human unique the biometric identification system can identify fingerprints and pupil structure, it will be the entrance guard system of the highest level, but the price is extremely expensive, difficult for the majority of users accept.Access control system based on computer and communication mode is divided into independent access control systems and networking entrance guard system.Independent of the type of access control systemUnable to communicate with a computer, access control permissions settings in the machine 's keyboard or the parent line of cards set. There are also some independent access control machine with liquid crystal display auxiliary keyboard do card authorization.Independent of the type of access control system components:Independent access control machine (including the card and control ) + open button + lock + power + cardSome also can be an external card reader realize the travel card.Common market, an independent access control machineIndependent of the type of access control system has the advantages: cheap price, no computer knowledge of the decoration can be installed.Independent of the type of access control system disadvantage: poor safety, because the electric lock control relay on one machine, illegal personnel without too much professional knowledge can short-circuit or destroy independent access control machine to open the door, and even some.小四号字，单倍行距，首行缩进2个字符，不能定义文档网格。

外文译文(格式要求)

外文文献译文格式如下文献题目上角标（上角标以脚注形式给出原文的文献来源，文献来源标注请注意按照指导手册中关于参考文献的要求列出，必须真实可查）原文作者姓名（英文）译者姓名包括信息（班级学号姓名 [译]）（译文正文）一、************(一级标题)（一）***********(二级标题)……注意：尽量保持译文完整，整篇翻译（包括摘要、关键词等），如有省略，请译出标题后加（略），中间内容可部分省略，但是结论最好要译出，此外文末有参考文献的译出参考文献字样，后面加（略）。

译文正文的格式要求同论文正文的格式，包括字体，行间距，页边距，图表等所有格式，详见指导手册。

黑色字体为格式说明项，红色字体为需要的信息。

所有文中所出现的序号请按照指导手册要求修改，例如一、（）一……等。

外文原文的打印可以直接原文打印，若原文太长，可转换为word打印所译内容，其他省略翻译的列上标题后写略。

原文打印可不必再写文献来源，只需在打印的原文第一页上方空白处按序写上“班级学号姓名”等信息。

转换为word打印的，需按照指导手册要求调整好打印格式，并在标题后以脚注形式标注原文来源信息（指导手册要求）。

在打印的word原文第一页上方空白处写上“班级学号姓名”等信息（此时不需加[译]的字样）。

所有打印文件页脚上注意自动生成页码（如译文范文）。

定稿时发送的文件名称改成（专业班级学号姓名-外文原文）。

若是译文的话则文件名为（专业班级学号姓名-外文译文）。

其他文件定稿时也是这个要求。

范文：（见下一页）韩国**对经济影响的分析①原作者名可直接用英文经济学 061*班 2006*****6 张三[译][摘要] 本文研究的目的*******的影响。

在探讨*****影响各行业的产出、就业、收入、增值和进口中应用了投入产出模型。

*******************。

根据研究的结果，得出结论*********的作用。

[关键词] ***** 投入-产出模型 **效应 **效应一、引言在当今经济全球化***************。

汉译英格式规范

英文翻译格式和要求

英文格式：小四号字，单倍行距，首行缩进2个字符，不能定义文档网格。

约3千英文单词。

要求：文章必须与所学专业相关，不能照抄专业英语书本范例如下：Introduction of MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics is an important course in information field. In the field of information, microelectronics research and realize the information acquisition, storage, processing, transmission and output. Microelectronics is the science of information carrier researching and is the foundation of information science.Microelectronics is a comprehensive strong edge disciplines, including the semiconductor physics, integrated circuit technology, integrated circuits, systems design, and testing etc. It also involves the solid physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical physics, materials science, electronic circuit, signal processing, computer aided design, testing and processing, graph theory and chemical etc.中文格式：小四号字，单倍行距，首行缩进2个字符，不能定义文档网格。

毕业设计(论文)外文资料和译文格式要求(模板)

二、具体要求：
1、至少翻译一篇内容与所选课题相关的外文文献。
2、译文汉字字数不少于2000字。
3、正文格式要求：宋体五号字。
附：外文资料和译文封面、空白页
大连东软信息技术职业学院
外文资料和译文
专业：
班级：
姓名：
学号：
指要求模板毕业论文格式模板外文翻译模板外文译文java外文及译文论文格式模板毕业答辩ppt模板应届毕业生简历模板毕业生简历模板毕业论文模板
大连东软信息技术职业学院
外文资料和译文格式要求
一、译文必须采用计算机输入、打印，幅面A4。外文资料原文（复印或打印）在前，译文在后，于左侧装订。

汉译英格式规范

翻译要求

基本规范：1. 字体要求1) 段落翻译字体：Arial (英文)，中文(宋体)字号：小四行距：段前段后0.5行；1.5倍行距2) 表格类翻译：字体：Arial (英文)，中文(宋体)字号：根据表格内容决定，一般情况为5号字体行距：段前段后0行；单倍行距2. 日期的翻译（缩写或全称都可以，但请务必统一！）例：August 27, 2007 或Aug. 27, 2007（注：五月May的缩写也为May后面无需再加缩写点）3. 钱的翻译1) 大写= in words2) 小写= in figures3) 整数翻译：187,250.00= RMB one hundred and eighty seven thousand two hundredand fifty only非整数翻译：187,250.50=RMB one hundred and eighty seven thousand two hundred and fifty Yuan fifty cents4. 姓名翻译（姓氏每个字母大写，名首字母大写）例：张林=ZHANG Lin刘新羽=LIU Xinyu5. 标点符号1）英文译文中不可出现中文标点符号；2）中文材料中书名号里的内容译文用斜体表示；中文材料中的双引号译文用单引号表示。

特别注意：1. 遇到主申请人及其配偶和家人姓“吕”的客户，一定要向文案确认“吕”在客户护照上的汉语拼音是否为“LU”。

除此以外，吕的汉语拼音可以写为：LV；2. 除非官方网站有特定翻译，否则北京市，天津市，上海市，重庆市翻译时，后面不需要加City或者Municipal；3. 山西=Shanxi 陕西=Shaanxi4. “商品房”请统一翻译为residential property5. 上海的街道地址XX东/南/西/北路翻译成方向词+XX Road,如北京东路=East BeijingRoad 除了上海外的其他地址都按照汉字顺序翻6. 注意看文件夹标注，如果需要加抬头的会在里边附上相关抬头文件，抬头务必加在页眉页脚7. 翻译时注意格式，需要和原文一致8. 名称总结!!!(每批文件都需要名称总结，两种情况如下)a. 如果我们提供了名称总结，请直接在这部分名称的最下边总结新加的名称，比如20170328新增；所有新名称都要总结在所给名称的最下边，表明更新日期如下例子：（此外，千万不要修改之前已经总结的名称，原先总结的是什么就按照原先总结的来翻，涉及统一问题，不要擅自修改）b. 如果我们没有提供，默认请您自己总结一份名称。

英语二作文范文格式

英语二作文范文格式Title: The Importance of Learning a Second Language。

As the world becomes more globalized, the ability to speak a second language has become increasingly important. Learning a second language not only opens up opportunities for personal and professional growth, but it also allowsfor greater cultural understanding and communication.Firstly, learning a second language can greatly enhance one's career prospects. In today's global economy, many companies are expanding their operations overseas, and the ability to speak a second language can be a valuable asset. It can also make one more competitive in the job market, as employers often look for candidates with language skills.In addition, learning a second language can broadenone's cultural horizons. It allows for greater understanding and appreciation of different cultures and ways of life. This can lead to more meaningfulrelationships with people from different backgrounds, as well as a greater sense of empathy and understanding.Furthermore, speaking a second language can also improve cognitive function. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, memory retention, and multitasking abilities. Learning a second language can also delay the onset of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.However, learning a second language can be challenging and time-consuming. It requires dedication and persistence, as well as exposure to the language through immersion or language classes. But the benefits of learning a second language far outweigh the difficulties.In conclusion, learning a second language is essential in today's globalized world. It can lead to greater career opportunities, cultural understanding, and cognitive benefits. As such, it is important for individuals to make the effort to learn a second language, not only forpersonal growth but also for the betterment of society as a whole.。

英语2级作文格式

英语二级作文格式解析与实战演练**Title: The Essence of English Level 2 Essay Format and Its Application**In the realm of academic writing, the English Level 2 essay format stands as a fundamental yet crucial component. It not only serves as a guide for organizing ideas but also ensures clarity and coherence in the presentation of arguments. This format, with its distinct structure, allows writers to communicate their thoughts effectively and persuade readers of their viewpoints.The standard Level 2 essay typically follows a five-paragraph structure: introduction, three main body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each section serves aspecific purpose and contributes to the overall coherence of the essay.The introduction, being the first impression, should capture the reader's attention and provide a clear overview of the topic. It should introduce the topic, provide background information, and end with a strong thesis statement that outlines the writer's position.The body paragraphs are where the bulk of the argumentation takes place. Each paragraph should focus on a different aspect of the topic, backed up by evidence and examples. These paragraphs should be organized logically, with smooth transitions between ideas. Additionally, each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that summarizes the main idea of the paragraph.The conclusion ties everything together, summing up the main points and leaving the reader with a final thought or insight. It should not introduce new ideas but rather serve as a closing statement, reinforcing the writer's position.Now, let's delve into a practical example of how to apply this format to an essay topic: "The Importance of Environmental Protection."**Introduction:** In today's world, environmental protection has become a crucial issue that cannot be ignored. With the ever-increasing pollution and degradation of natural resources, it is imperative for individuals and governments to take action. This essay will explore the importance of environmental protection, discussing its impact on our health, economy, and the future of our planet.**Body Paragraph 1:** One of the primary reasons for the need for environmental protection is its direct impact on our health. Air pollution, water pollution, and soil contamination are all major contributors to respiratory diseases, skin problems, and other health issues. For instance, studies have shown that exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing asthma and other respiratory diseases. Therefore, protecting the environment is not just a moral obligation but also a necessary step towards improving our overall well-being.**Body Paragraph 2:** Environmental protection also has significant economic benefits. A clean and sustainable environment attracts tourists and investors, boosting the local economy. Furthermore, it creates job opportunities in sectors such as renewable energy and sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, environmental degradation can lead to loss of biodiversity, affecting agricultural productivity and leading to economic losses. Therefore, investing in environmental protection is a smart move for any government or business looking to promote sustainable development.**Body Paragraph 3:** The future of our planet also depends heavily on our efforts towards environmental protection. Climate change, global warming, and natural disasters are all consequences of unchecked environmental degradation. By protecting our environment, we are ensuring a safer and more secure future for ourselves and our descendants. It is our responsibility to ensure that future generations inherit a planet that is healthy, vibrant, and sustainable.**Conclusion:** In conclusion, environmental protection is crucial for our health, economy, and the future of our planet. It is our duty to take action and ensure that we preserve our environment for future generations. By adopting sustainable practices and promoting awareness, we can create a better world for all.As we have seen, the English Level 2 essay format provides a clear and concise structure for addressing any topic. By following this format, writers can ensure that their essays are well-organized, coherent, and persuasive. With practice and attention to detail, anyone can master this format and produce high-quality academic writing.。

英语二作文通用格式

Title: Mastering the Universal Format forEnglish Essay IIIn the realm of academic writing, mastering the universal format for English Essay II is crucial for students aiming to excel in their composition skills. This standardized format not only ensures coherence and clarity in the written work but also enhances the overall quality of the essay, making it more appealing to the reader.The initial step in essay writing is to craft a captivating introduction. This section should briefly outline the topic, state the main argument or thesis, and provide a preview of the points that will be discussed in the body paragraphs. It is essential to grab the reader's attention right from the start, which can be achieved through the use of interesting anecdotes, quotes, or rhetorical questions.Moving on to the body paragraphs, each paragraph should focus on a specific point or argument that supports the thesis. It is advisable to begin each paragraph with atopic sentence that clearly states the main idea, followed by evidence and examples to support that idea. The use oftransition words and phrases is crucial to maintain the flow of ideas and create a smooth transition between paragraphs.In addition to the content, the language used in the essay should be precise, concise, and academic. Avoiding colloquialisms and unnecessary jargon is essential to maintain the formal tone of the essay. The sentence structure should vary, with a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences to add variety and interest.The conclusion of the essay is as important as the introduction. It should summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs and reinforce the thesis. It is also an opportunity to offer a final perspective or make a call to action, depending on the nature of the essay.Overall, mastering the universal format for English Essay II involves a combination of content, structure, and language skills. By following this format, students can ensure that their essays are well-structured, coherent, and engaging, thus improving their chances of success in academic writing.**掌握英语二作文通用格式**在学术写作领域，掌握英语二作文的通用格式对于希望提高写作技能的学生来说至关重要。

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英文小四号字，单倍行距，首行缩进2个字符，不能定义文档网格。

约3千英文单词。

MCU DescriptionSCM is also known as micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaller, more easily integrated into a complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL's Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors have parted ways.一、SCM historySCM was born in the late 20th century, 70, experienced SCM, MCU, SoC three stages.SCM the single chip microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly seeking the best of the best single form of embedded systems architecture. "Innovation model" success, laying the SCM and general computer completely different path of development. In the open road of independent development of embedded systems, Intel Corporation contributed.MCU the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the various peripheral circuits and interface circuits, highlight the object of intelligent control.It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore,the development of MCU's responsibility inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU development has its objective factors. In the development of MCU, the most famous manufacturers as the number of Philips Corporation.Philips company in embedded applications, its great advantage, the MCS-51 single-chip micro-computer from the rapid development of the micro-controller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, do not forget Intel and Philips in History.二、Embedded SystemsEmbedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip; Therefore, the development of dedicated single chip SoC trend of the natural form. As the microelectronics, IC design, EDA tools development, application system based on MCU SoC design have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of the microcontroller chip microcomputer can be, extended to the single-chip micro-controller applications.三、MCU applicationsSCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the area of robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications andintelligent control of the scientists, engineers.SCM is widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment, intelligent management and process control fields, roughly divided into the following several areas:1.In the application of Intelligent InstrumentsSCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advantages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument).2.In the industrial control applicationWith the MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent control3.In Household AppliancesCan be said that the appliances are basically using SCM, praise from the electric rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent.4.In the field of computer networks and communications applicationsMCU general with modern communication interface, can be easy with the computer data communication, networking and communications in computer applications between devices had excellent material conditions,are basically all communication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone,mini-program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call system, train radio communication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile radio, walkie-talkies, etc..5.Microcomputer in the field of medical device applicationsSCM in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical respirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system.6. In a variety of major appliances in the modular applicationsDesigned to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a computer similar to the principle of the complex. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound card).In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easy to replace.7. Microcontroller in the application field of automotive equipmentSCM in automotive electronics is widely used, such as a vehicle engine controller, CAN bus-based Intelligent Electronic Control Engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock braking system, brake system, etc..In addition, the MCU in business, finance, research, education, national defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications.四、Application of six important part of learning MCU learning an important part of the six applications1.BusWe know that a circuit is always made by the devices connected by wires, in analog circuits, the connection does not become a problem because the device is a serial relationship between the general, the device is not much connection between the , but the computer is not the same circuit, it is a microprocessor core, the device must be connected with the microprocessor, the device must be coordination between, so they need to connect on a lot, as if still analog circuit like the microprocessor and devices in the connection between the individual, the number of lines will be a little more surprising, therefore the introduction of the microprocessor bus Zhong Each device Gongtong access connections, all devices 8 Shuju line all received eight public online, that is the equivalent of all devices together in parallel, but only this does not work, if there are two devices send data at the same time, a 0, a 1, then, whether the receiver received what is it? This situation is not allowed, so to be controlled by controlling the line, time-sharing the device to work at any time only one device to send data (which can have multiple devices to receive both). Device's data connection is known as the data bus, the device is called line of control all the control bus. Internal or external memory in the microcontroller and other devices have memory cells, the memory cell to be assigned addresses, you can use, distribution, of course, to address given in the form of electrical signals, and as more memory cells, so, for the address allocation The line is also more of these lines is called the address bus.2.data、address、commandThe reason why these three together because of the nature of these three are the same - the number, or are a string of '0 'and '1' form the sequence. In other words, addresses, instructions are also data. Instruction: from single chip designer provides a number of commonly used instructions with mnemonic we have a strict correspondence between the developer can not be changed by the MCU. Address: the search for MCU internal, external storage units, input and output port based on the address of the internal unit value provided by the chip designer is good, can not be changed, the external unit can be single chip developers to decide, but there are a number of address units is a must (see procedures for the implementation of the process).3. P0、P2 and P3 port of the second function I useBeginners often on the P0 port, P2 and P3 port I use the second function puzzled that the second function and have a switch between the original function of the process, or have a directive, in fact, the port The second feature is automatic, do not need instructions to convert. Such as P3.6, P3.7 respectively WR, RD signal, when the microchip processing machines external RAM or external I / O port, they are used as a second function, not as a general-purpose I / O port used, so long as a A microprocessor implementation of the MOVX instruction, there will be a corresponding signal sent from the P3.6 or P3.7, no prior use of commands. In fact 'not as a general-purpose I / O port use' is also not a 'no' but (user) 'not' as a general-purpose I / O port to use. You can arrange the order of a SETB P3.7's instructions, and when the MCU execution to the instruction, the also make P3.7 into a high, but users will not do so because this is usually will cause the system to collapse.4.the program's implementationReduction in power after the 8051 microcontroller within the program counter (PC) in the value of 0000 ', the process is always from the 0000' units started, that is: the system must exist in ROM 0000 'this unit , and in 0000 'unit must be stored in a single instruction.5.the stackStack is a region, is used to store data, there is no special about the region itself is a part of internal RAM, special access to its data storage and the way that the so-called 'advanced post out backward first out ', and the stack has a special data transmission instructions that' PUSH 'and' POP ', has a special expertise in its services unit, that is, the stack pointer SP, whenever a PUSH instruction execution, SP on (in the Based on the original value) automatically add 1, whenever the implementation of a POP instruction, SP will (on the basis of the original value) automatically by 1. As the SP values can be changed with the instructions, so long as the beginning of the process to change the value of the SP, you can set the stack memory unit required, such as the program begins, with an MOV SP, # 5FH instructions When set on the stack starting from the memory unit 60H unit. There is always the beginning of the general procedure with such a directive to set the stack pointer, because boot, SP initial value of 07H, 08H This unit from the beginning to stack next, and 08H to 1FH 8031 is the second in the region, three or four working register area, often used, this will lead to confusion of data. Different authors when writing programs, initialize the stack is not exactly the same directive, which is the author's habit. When set up the stack zone, does not mean that the region become a special memory, it can still use the same memory region as normal, but generally the programmer does not regard it as an ordinary memory used.中文小四号字，单倍行距，首行缩进2个字符，不能定义文档网格。