alevel化学常用单词汇总
化学专业英语考试词汇表.
Applied Chemistry (1000 specialized English Words)Aaberration n. 偏差ablation n. 脱落,消融abscissa n. 横坐标*absorbance n. 吸收率absorption n. 吸收absorption coefficient n.吸收系数*abstract vt. 提取accommodation n.容纳性*accuracy n. 精度*acetamide n. 乙酰胺acetic acid n.醋酸acetophanone n. 乙酰苯,苯乙酮*acetylene n.乙炔acetyl-salicylic acid n. 乙酰水杨酸achiral a.非手性的actinium n.锕actinide n. 锕系元素*activation n.活化*addition n. 加成反应adiabat n. 绝热线adipic acid n. 己二酸aerobe n. 需氧微生物*affinity n. 亲和力alchemy n. 炼金术*alcohol n. 醇*aldehyde n. 醛, 乙醛algebra n. 代数学*aliphatic a. 脂肪族*alkali n. 碱*alkane n. 烷烃*alkene n. 稀烃*alkoxy n. 烷氧基alkyl n. 烷基alkylation n. 烷基化反应alkylbenzene烷基苯alkyne 炔烃allowance n. 允许(量),许可(量)alphabetical a. 以字母顺序的*aluminum n. 铝aluminosilicate n. 铝硅酸盐amalgam n. 汞齐ambient a. 周围的americium n. 镅amide n. 酰胺,氨基化合物aminoethane n. 乙胺*ammonia n. 氨水*ammonium n. 胺amphiphile n. 两亲物,亲水脂分子amplitude n.广大,充足,振幅amylase n. 淀粉酶anaerobe n. 厌氧微生物analogue n. 类似物angstrom n. 埃anharmonicity n. 非协性anhydride n. 酐*aniline n. 苯胺*anion n. 阴离子anti- 对位交叉,反式antiknock n; a. 防爆(的),抗爆(的)antimony n. 锑antiperspirant n. 抗汗剂apatite n. 磷石灰*apparatus n. 设备appreciable a. 明显的,可察觉的aqueous a. 水的aquchlorochromium n. 水合氯化铬*aromatic a. 芳香烃的argon n. 氩arrangement n.排列方式arsenic n. 砷, a. 含砷的*aryl n. 芳基assimilate vt. 吸收, vi. 被吸收,同化assumption n. 假定,推测astatine n. 砹asymmetric a. 非对称的,不匀称的,不均匀的atomism n. 原子学说axially ad. 轴对称地*azeotrope n.共沸物Bbacteriological a.细菌学的barium n. 钡batch n. 一批,大量batchwise a.成批的*benzene n.苯benzoyl n.苯甲酰berkelium n. 锫bicarbonate n.重碳酸盐bilayer n. 双分子层binary a. 二元的biodiversity n.生物合成法bioenergy n.生物能biogas n.生物气体biomass n.生物量biosphere n.生存范围,生物圈biosythetic a.生物合成的biphenyl n.联苯bismuth n. 铋bleach vt. 漂白,vi.变白blemish vt. 有损…的完美,玷污n.污点,瑕疵bride n. 硼化物*bond v; n. 键(合)bonding n. 键合*boron n.硼botanist n.植物学家bounce n.; v. 反射,发射brine n.盐水bronze n.青铜,青铜色,青铜制品bromine n. 溴brewage n.(酒)酿造,饮料调制butadiene n. 丁二烯butane n.丁烷butene n.丁烯byproduct n.副产物Ccadmium n.镉caesium .n. 铯calandria n. 加热体,加热器calcium n.钙calibrate vt 校准,使标准化caloric n.热(量),热质 a.热(量)的,卡的*capillary n. 毛细管*carbanion n. 碳阴离子carbon tetrachloride n. 四氯化碳*carbonate n.碳酸盐vt. 使变成碳酸盐,使充满二氧化碳*carbonium n. 碳正离子carbonyl n.碳酰基,羰基carboxylate n.羰化物*carboxylic a.羧酸的*carcinogen n.致癌的cascade n.阶式蒸发器catabolism n.分解代谢,降解代谢category n.种类*catalysis n.催化(作用)catalyst n. 催化剂,刺激(或促进)因素catalyze vt.催化catalytic reforming 催化重整*cation n.阳离子caustic a.碱性的caustic potash 苛性钾(KOH)caustic soda 苛性钠(NaOH)*ceramic a.陶瓷的,陶器的,n.陶瓷制品cerium n. 铈cesium n.铯centripetal a. 向心力的chain-initiating 链增长*chelate n.螯合物*chiral a.手性的*chloride n.氯化物*chlorine n.氯chloroacetophenone n.氯苯乙酮chloroform n.氯仿cholesterol n.胆固醇chlorofluoro carbon n. 氯氟烃*chromatography n.色谱法chromium n.铬chromophore n.发色团chronic a. 长期的,慢性的,惯常的,经常的circulating pump 往复泵citric acid n. 柠檬酸clarification n.澄清,净化cleave v.劈开,分裂clinch n.解决,确定v.证明…是对的cobalt n.钴coexistence n.共存,共处*coefficient n. 系数collision n. 碰撞,冲突combust v.燃烧compensate vt.补偿,赔偿complementary a.补充的*complex n. 络合物component n. 组分*concentration n. 浓度conceptualize vt.使概念化*condensation n.冷凝configuration n.轮廓,构成*conformation n. 构象congruent a.和谐的,一致的,全等的consistency n.稠度,一贯,坚固*constituent a.形成的,组成的,n.成分,要素contaminant n.沾染物contemplate v.注视,沉思contemporary a.当代的,同龄的,同时代的contour n.轮廓,外形vt. 画轮廓controversy n.争论,辩论conversely ad. 相反地converter n. 转化器*coordinate n.配位,配价,坐标coplanarity n.共面*copper n. 铜coprecipitate vt.共沉淀coprous a. 亚铜的*corrosion n.腐蚀*cosmetic n.化妆品,a.化妆用的counter ion n.反离子coupling n.联结,结合,偶和*covalent a.共有原子价的,共价的*criteria n.标准cross-reference n. 前后参照,交叉引用crucial a. 至关重要的cryogenic a.低温学的,低温实验法的*crystallinity n.结晶性的,水晶的*cube n.立方体,立方形,立方,三次幂curium n. 锯curvature n. 曲率customary a.习惯的,惯例的cuticle n. 表皮,透明薄膜*cyanide n.氰化物cyano n.氰,氰基cylinder n.圆柱体*cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cytochrome n.细胞色素dative bond 配(价)键*deactivate vt.使不活动decentralize v.使分散,划分decipher v.解开(疑团),破译(密码)decouple n.v.分开,去偶合装置deduce vt.推论,推断deficiency n.缺乏,缺陷*deflect v.歪斜,使偏向*degradation n.降低*delocalization n.离位demolish vt. 拆除,毁坏denote v.指示,表示,意味着depletion n.削减,消耗*deposit vt.(使)沉淀,安置*derivative a.派生的*desolvation n. 去溶剂化作用*desorption n.解吸作用destructive a.破坏(的),危害的*detector n. 检测器*detectable a.能发觉的,detergent a.使干净的*deuterium n. 重氢diagnose v.诊断(疾病),分析diatomic a. 二原子的,二价的,dicarboxylic a.二元羧酸的*dichroism n.二色性,分光特性,两色现象didactic a.教诲的,说教的*diene n.二烯(烃)*diesel n. 柴油机,内燃机*displacement n. 换置,移位,移动,取代*diffraction vt.衍射*diffuse a.散开的,弥散的,v.扩散,散播digestibility n.可消化性,消化率dilemma n.窘境,进退两难*dilute n.a.冲淡(的),稀释*diol n.二醇,二酚*dipole n.双极,偶极discipline n.学科*discriminate v.区别,辨别,有差别地对待disinfection n.消毒*dioxide n.二氧化物disrupt vt.(使)破裂,使中断*dissociate vt.使分离,将…分开*dissociation energy 离解能distaste n.讨厌,嫌恶*distill vt.用蒸馏法提取,蒸馏distillate n.馏出物,馏出液distortion n.扭曲,变形,失真*distribution coefficient 分配系数disubstitute a.二取代的disulfate n.硫酸氢盐,焦硫酸盐divergence n. 分歧dodecahedron n.十二面体donor n.施主downfield n.低磁场*driving force 推动力droplet n. 小滴dynamite n. 炸药dysprosium n. 镝E.*ecological a. 生态学的ecosystem n. 生态系统*effluence n 射出物,流出物effluent a 流出的einsteinium n. 锿*electrode n.电极*electric potential moment 电子偶极矩*electric potential 电势*electrolyse vt. 电解*electromagnetic a. 电磁的,由电磁石产生的*electron acceptor 电子接受体*electron donor 电子给予体electron-capture detector 电子捕获检测器*electronegativity n.电负性*electropositive a.电正性的electronelectrode n. 阴电极electron-withdrawing a. 推电子的*electrophilic a. 亲电的*electroplate vt. 电镀n. 电镀物品,电铸版*electrospray n. 电子喷射elevation n. 升高*elimination n. 除去,剔除,淘汰ellipticity n. 椭圆率elucidation n. 阐明,解释*eluent n. 洗脱液elusive a. 难捉摸的,巧妙地逃避的emanate vi. (气体)发出,(光等)发散,放射embed v. 嵌于emission n. 散发,发射,发射物emitter n. 发射器empirically ad. 经验主义地*emulsifier n. 乳化剂,乳化器*enantiomer n. 对映体*endogenous a. 内存的*endothermic a. 吸热的energetic a. 有精力的,精力旺盛的enhance vt. 提高,增加*enrich vt. 使浓缩,加浓,富集*enthalpy n. 焓,热函entropy n. 熵enzymatic a. 酶的epidemics a. 流行的,n.病equation n. 等式,方程式,相等,均衡equilibrate vt. (使)平衡,(使)均衡equimolar a. 当量克分子的,克分子数相等的ester n. 酯esterification n. 酯化ethane n. 乙烷1,2-ethanediol n. 1,2-乙二醇ethanolamine n. 乙醇胺*ethanoyl n. 乙酰基ethoxyethane n. 乙氧基乙烷,乙醚ethyl 乙基*ethylamine 乙胺ethylene 乙稀ethylenediamine 乙二胺ethyne 乙炔europium n.铕evacuate v. 清除,搬空exactitude n. 精确,正确,精密*exclusively ad. 排外地,专有地excreting n. 排泄,分泌exergonic a. 释出能量的exponent n. 幂,指数expound vt. 阐述,说明exquisite a. 精美的,灵敏的*extraction n. 萃取,提取,摘要*extrapolate n. 推断,外推extravagance n. 浪费,铺张Ffabric n. 编织物facet n. 小平面*facilitate v. 使容易,使便利,推进far-fetched牵强的,勉强的*feasibility n. 可行性featureless a. 无特色的,平凡的*ferment n. 酶,酵酶,*ferric a. 铁的ferrous a. 亚铁的fictitious a. 虚构的,假造的filament n. 丝状体,单纤维filamentous a. 细丝的,单纤维的,细丝状的*fixed-bed 固定床flammabilit n. . 可燃性flash distillation 闪蒸flexibility n. 柔韧性,弹性,折射性,灵活性flip v. 轻击,掷,弹,抽打,迅速翻动*flocculate n. 絮凝物‘*fluorescence n. 萤光,发荧光,荧光性*fluorine n. 氟*fluorocarbon n. 氟碳化合物fluoromethane n. 氟代甲烷fluorspar n. 萤石,氟石flux n. 不断变化的,变迁,流,涨潮,流量focus on 聚焦于,集中(注意力)于forepump n. 前置泵,预抽泵*formaldeehyde n. 甲醛*formic a. 蚁的,蚁酸的*formula n. 公式,程式,处方fossil n. 化石,旧事物;成化石的,陈旧的foul a. 恶臭的,邪恶的;弄脏;犯规fraction n. 小部分,片段,馏分,级分*fractionating column 分馏柱*fragmentation n. 分裂,崩溃,爆破francium n. 钫froth n. 泡沫,起泡,v. 使(啤酒)起泡fructose n.果糖,左旋糖frustrate v.击败,阻拦fungi n.(的形式)真菌fullerence n. C60furniture n.家具,设备,装置fuzzy a. 模糊的,失真的Ggalactose n. 半乳糖gallium n. 镓garnet n. 石榴石*gasifier n. 汽化器,煤气发生器gastric a. 胃的*gene n. 基因,遗传因子germanium n. 锗glucose n.葡萄糖glycerine n 甘油glucerol n. 丙三醇,甘油gold n. 金*graphite n. 石墨grease n.动物脂grid n.格栅,栅极gauche a.偏转gyromagnetic ratio 回转磁比率H.hafnium n. 铪*halide n. 卤化物*halogen n. 卤素*halogenation n. 卤化,卤代hamper vt. 防碍haphazard a. 偶然的,随便的*helium n. 氦heptane n. 庚烷heredity n. 遗传herein ad. 在此处,如此*heterocyclic a. 杂环的,不同环式的*heterogeneous a. 不同的,异类的hexaaqua a. 六合水的hexadiene n.已二烯hexane n.已烷hexafluoride a. 六氟化合物*hexagonal n. 六角型的holmium n. 钬*homogeneity n. 同种,同质homogenize vt.使均匀,变均匀*homologue n. 同系物horizontal a. 水平的*hormone n. 激素*hybrid n.杂种,混血儿*hydrate n. 水合物,含水物vt.水合作用*hydration n. 水合*hydride n. 氢化物*hydrigen n.氢*hydrocarbon n.烃类hydroelectric a.水力电气的hydrogen halide n. 氢卤化物*hydrolyse vt.水解hydronium ion n.水合离子*hydrophilic a.亲水的*hydrophobic a. 憎水的*hydrostatic(al) a.流体静力学的hydrostatics(pl) 流体静力学*hydrothermal a.水热的*hydroxide n.氢氧化物hydroxyl n.氢氧根,羟基*hydroxylation n.羟基化hypochlorite n.次氯酸盐hypothetcal a.假说的,臆说的I.icosahedron n.二十面体identical a.同一的n.一样,相等*ill-defined a.不清楚的,不确切定义的immaterial a.非物质的,无形的,不重要的immaterialism n.非物质论immaterize vt.使无实体,使无形immerse vt.沉浸,使浸入immiscible a.不混溶性impetus n.推动力,动力,推动impurity n.杂质,混杂物,不纯inactivate vt.钝化,使减少活性inactive a.不活动的,停止的incentive n.诱因,刺激 a.刺激的incident a.入射的,伴随而来的incipient a.开始的,起初的insertion n.插入,插入物inclement a.恶险的,严酷的incontrovertible a.无争论余地的,无疑的,明白的incorporate v.结合,合并indices n.index的复数,指数,刻度,索引indivisible a.不可分割的,不可分裂的induced enzyme 诱导酶indigestion n.消化不良inelastic a.无弹性的,无弹力的,无适应性的inert a.惰性的,不活泼的infectious disease 传染病infinitely ad.无限地,无数地infix n.插入词,中缀vt.使…插入infrared a.红外线的,红外区的n.红外线inherently ad.天生的,本质的inhibitor n.禁止剂,抑制剂,抑制因素inhomogeneity n.不同族,不同质initiating n.开始,创始,入门inlet n.进口vt.引进inoculate vt.给…做注射,给…接种inorganic a.无机的,无生物的inroad n.损害insoluble a.不溶的intact a.尚未被人碰过的,原封不动的integer n.整数,完整的东西interface n.界面,分界面,接触面interferogram n.干涉图,干涉照片interhalogen n.杂卤素intermedium n.中间体intermittent a.断续的,间歇的interrelate vt.使相互关联intimacy n.密切,熟悉intriguing a.吸引人的,有趣的intrinsic a.本质的,固有的,内在的,体内的intuitive a.直观的,直觉的invariably ad.不变的,始终如一的invoke vt.行使(法权等),实行iodic a.含碘的iodide n.碘化物iodine n.碘ion n.离子ion-association complex 离子缔合ion-exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱ionic a.离子的ionisation n.电离作用ionization n.离子化irradiate vt.使明亮,照耀irreversible a.不可逆isocratic a.无梯度的,等度的isomer n.同分异构体isomeric a.同分异构的,同质异能的isopropane n.异丙烷isopropanol n. 异丙醇isopentylamine n.异戊胺isothermally ad.等温的isotope n.同位素isotopically labeled 同位素标记的Jjargon n.行话,专业术语joule n.焦耳Kkerosene n.煤油ketone n.酮kinetics n.动力学krypton n.氪Llabile a.不安定的,不稳定的lactic acid n.乳酸lanolin n. 羊毛脂lanthanide n.镧系金属lanthanum n.镧lattice n.格子,点阵,网格,晶格lattice energy 点阵能legislation n.立法,立案ligand n.配位limestone n.石灰石lipid n.类脂(化合物)literacy n.有文化,有读写能力lithium n.锂litmus n.石蕊longitude n.经线,经度liquefaction n.液化lubricant n.润滑剂,润滑的lustrous a.有光泽的lye n.碱液vt.用碱液洗涤Mmacromolecular n.大分子magma n.岩浆magnitude n.大小,数量,巨大,广大magnesium n.镁makeup n.组成,构造,化妆品malonic n.丙二酸maltose n.麦芽糖mamganese n.锰manifestation n.显示,表现manipulation n.改造,操纵masking agent 掩蔽剂mass spectrometry 质谱mass-to-charge 质荷比matrix n.矩阵membrane n.薄膜,细胞膜membranous a.薄(状)的,形成膜的mercury n.水银,汞mesh n.筛眼,每平方米英寸的网孔(筛眼)数mesophase n.中间相meta-间位-metabolic a.变化的,变形的,新陈代谢metabolism n.代谢作用,新陈代谢metabolite n.代谢物metallurgy n.冶金学metastable a.亚稳的methanol n.甲醇microbe n.细菌,微生物microbiological a.微生物学的microenvironment n.小环境micron n.微米microporous a.多孔的microsecond n.微秒mightily ad.强烈的,非常的milligram n.毫克mingle v.使混合,混合起来minimize v.使减少到最小,降到最低misbrand vt贴错(药品,食品)标记,贴假标签于miscibility n.混溶性modulation n.调整molal a.摩尔的molasses n.糖蜜,糖浆molecular a.分子的,摩尔的molten a.熔融的,融化的molybdenum n. 鉬momentum n.运动量,要素,冲力,衡量monatomic a.单原子的monochromatic a.单色的,单色光的,全色盲的monochrome n.单色器,单色仪monograph n.专题论文monomer n.单体monoxide n.一氧化物mucleosid n.核苷mucletide n.核苷酸multidecker n.多层(板)multifarious a.多种的,各式各样的multitude n.众多,大量,大群,大众multivalued a.多值的mutagen n.诱变mutate v.变化,产生变化mutually ad.互相地,nanoampere n.10-9安培nanometer n.纳米,nmnaphthene n.脂环烃nebulization n.喷雾(作用)nematic a.向列相(的),丝状的neon n.氖neopentane n.新戊烷neutralization n.中和neutron n.中子nitrate n.硝酸盐nitric oxide n.氮氧化物nitrite n.亚硝酸盐nitroglycerine n.硝化甘油noble gas n.稀有气体nomenclature n.术语,命名系统nominally ad.名义上地nonaqueous a.非水的nonbonding a.非粘和的nondestructive a.非破坏性的nonmagnetic a.非磁性的n.非磁性物nonprescription n.非处方nonvolatile a.非挥发性的nucleate v.成核 a.有核的nucleophile a.亲核的numerical a.数字的,用数字表示的,数值的nutrient a.营养的,滋养的nylon n. 尼龙Ooctadecyl n.十八(烷)基octahedral a.八面体的octene n.辛烯octet n.八重态,八重峰octyl n.辛基off-the-shelf a.非定制的olefin n.链烯ongoing n.程序,处置,前进opaque a.不透明的,不透光的optically ad.眼睛地,视力地optimization n.最优化,最佳化orbital a.轨道的orientation n.定位,方向orifice n.小开口,小孔originate v.起源,发生,首创ortho- 邻,正,原,直oscillation n.振动,动摇,变动osmium n. 鋨outermost a.最外面的,最远的overhead n.塔顶流出物 a.高出地面的,架空的overlap v.重叠,与…交叠overtone n.倍频oxalic a.草酸的oxidation n.氧化作用oxidation number n.氧化数oxide n.氧化物oxoacid n.酮酸oxoanion n.含氧阴离子oxonium n.氧鎓oxyanion n.氧离子ozone n.臭氧,新鲜空气Ppalladium n.钯para- 对位paradox n.反论paraffin n.石蜡烃parameter n.参(变)数,参(变)量,因素,特征paratope n.抗体结合部位parentacid n.母体酸partition n.瓜分,隔开penetration n.穿入,渗透,洞察力pentachloide n.五氯化物pentane n.戊烷pentoxide n.五氧化物perchlorate n.高氯酸盐perforate v.穿孔,渗透,有孔的,穿孔的periodic a.周期的,定期的高氯酸盐permeable a.可渗透的peroxidation n.过氧化反应peroxide n.过氧化物peroxo- [词头]过氧化pertain n.附属,关于,相配pesticide n.杀虫剂pharmaceutical a.药学的pharmacy n.药房,药学,配药,制药phenol n.酚phenyl n.苯基phosphorus n.磷,磷光体,发光物质photon n.光子potosynthesis n.光合作用planar a.平面的,平坦的,二维的platinum n.铂pneumatic a.风动的,空气的polar a.极性的,两个相反方向的pollutant n.污染物,污染源polycrystalline a.多晶的polyene a.多烯的potassium n.钾pilyfuctional a.多功能的polygon n.平面多边形polyhalogen n.多卤素polyhedra [polyhedron的复数]形式n.多面体polymer n.聚合物polymer nylon 尼龙polymeric a.聚合的polymerization n.聚合作用polyvinyl a.乙烯聚合物的pore n.气孔,毛孔,细孔postulate n.假定,基本条件v.假设potassium n.钾potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾potent a.强有力的p-phenylenediamine n.亚苯基precipitator n.沉淀器,除尘器precipitate n.沉淀predilection n.偏爱predominantly ad.占优势的preferential a.优先的premature a.早熟的,不成熟的prerequisite n.先决条件preservative a.有保护力的,防腐的n.防腐剂,防腐料primary a.最初的,伯-probabilistic a.概率统计的,椭圆的probe n.探针,探测品v.探查,穿刺prominent a.突起的,著名的,突出的promote vt.促进,发扬,提升,发起propanal n.丙醛propanol n. 丙醇propene n.丙稀proportional a.比例的,相称的propyne n.丙炔proton n.质子protonation n.质子化,质子化作用provision v.供以物质n.准备,供应pseudothermodynamic a.假(热)力学purge n.v.清除,吹洗,净化pyridine n.吡啶quadrupole n.a.四极(的)qualitative a.定性的quality parameter 质量参数quantitative a.数量的,定量的quantum n.量子quintessence n.典型Rradius n.半径racemic a.消旋地radialization n.辐射,放射radial a.径向的,半径的,光线的,射线的radioactive a.放射性的,有辐射的radium n.镭radon n.氡random a.随机的,随意的,随机,随意reactant n.反应物reactor n.反应器reagent n.反应试剂rearrange vt.vi重新安排reboiler n. 再沸器recipe n. 配方,食谱,方法rectification n. 精馏,纠正refabrication n. 重组,重新安排reflux n. 回流,逆流,退潮refractive a. 折射的,有折射力的,屈折的regenerability n. 再生能力reoxidation n. 再氧化repulsive a. 排斥的residual a. 残余的,剩余的resonance n. 回响,共鸣resolution n. 分辨率resonance n.共振response n.响应respiration n. 呼吸作用,生物的氧化作用retention n. 保留,保持,保持力retort n. 曲颈瓶,蒸馏器(蒸馏器中加热)提纯reversibility n. 可反转性,可逆性rhodium n.铑rigorous a. 严厉的,严格的rotation n. 转动roundabout a. 迂回的,不直接的的rubble n. 碎石rubidium n. 铷rudimentary a. 根本的,初期的,发育不健全的ruthenium n.钌Ssaline a. 盐的,盐湖samarium n.钐sanitation(环境)n. 卫生,卫生设备saponification n. 皂化scandium n.钪schematically ad. 图解地,扼要地sebum n. 皮脂,脂肪segregate vt. 分凝,分异selectivity n. 选择性selenium n. 硒semipermeable a. 半透性的sensitivity n. 敏感性,灵敏性separation coefficient 分离系数sequester v. 隔绝sewage n. 污水,污物,污水处理sieve-plate column 筛板柱silanol n. 硅醇,硅烷醇silica n. 氧化硅,硅土silicon n. 硅silver n.银spoilage n. 食品等)腐败,损坏,损坏的东西spontaneity n. 自然,自发,自发性spontaneously ad. 自发地spray n. 喷雾,飞沫,v. 喷,喷射sprinkle v. 洒,喷淋stationary a. 不动的,静止的,固定的,停留的stepwise a. 逐步的steric a. 空间的,位的sterilization n. 灭菌,削菌still n. 蒸馏室,蒸馏器,蒸馏stoichiometric a. 化学计量的strontium n.锶substantial a. 物质的,坚固的,大量的substituent n. 取代,替代,交换substitution n. 代理,交换,替换subtract v. 减去,减掉,扣除succcinc n. 琥珀,丁二酸的,琥珀酸的sucrose 蔗糖+suffice v. 足够,是满足,满足需要suffix n. 后缀sulfate n. 硫酸盐用硫酸处理sulfite n. 亚硫酸盐sulfur n. 硫磺,v. 用硫磺处理sulfuric a. 硫磺的,含多量硫磺的sulphinate vt.磺化n. 磺酸盐summarization n. 概括,概述,综述superconductibity n. 超导性supersaturation n. 过饱和(现象)supersaturation zone 过饱和区surfactant n. 表面活性剂sustainable a.足可支撑的,可忍受的swirl vt. 旋动,使打旋,旋涡symmetrically ad. 对称性地,对称地,平衡地synchronize vi. 同步发生,同步vt. 使时间上发生一致,使同步synchrotron n. 同步加速器synthesize v. 合成syringe n. 注射器,洗涤器,vt. 注射,洗涤Ttable salt (餐桌上的)食盐tantalum n.钽taxology n. 分类学tellurium n. 碲‘template n. (切金属、石、木等用的)样板,模板tensile a. 张力的,抗张的,拉力的terminology n. 术语thallium n.铊theorem n. 定理,原则thermal a. 热量的温度的,热的thermal conductivity 热导性thermochemistry n. 热化学thermodynamics n. 热力学thionyl n. 亚硫酰thiophenol n. 硫酚three-dimensional structure 三维结构thulium n.铥tin n.锡titanium n.钛titrant n. 滴定管titration n. 滴定方法toluidine n. 甲苯胺torr n. 托(压力单位)toxic a. 有毒的toxicant n.有毒物toxicological a. 毒理学的transmutation n. 变化,变形,变质transverse a. 横向的,横切的treatise n. 论文,论述trial-and-error 反复试验法tricarboxylic a. 三羧酸的trichloroethylene n. 三氯乙烯triene n. 三烯tube-and-shell heat exchanger 管壳式热交换器tubular reactor 管式反应器turbid a. 浑浊的,不清的typify vt. 代表,象征,为…典型Uultraviolet a. 紫外的unambiguous a. 不含糊的,明确的unconjugate a. 未共轭的underlie vt. 位于…之下unimolecular a. 单分子的univalent a. 一价的upfield n. 高磁场uranyl n. 铀基,铀酸基,铀氧基urea n. 尿素Vvalence n.(化合)价,原子价valve n. 阀,真空管,电子管vanadium n. 钒vaporize vt.(使)蒸发,(使)汽化vent v. 发泄(情绪),开孔n. 孔,口ventilation n. 通风,公开讨论,通风设备versatile a. 通用的,多才多艺的,反复无常的vertices n. 顶点,头顶,顶vibration n. 振动,摆动,颤动vibronic a. 电子振动的vicinity n. 附近,接近,邻近,邻近地区vinyl n. 乙烯基化学专业英语考试词汇表. vinyl chloride n. 氯乙烯viscosity n. 粘度viscosity index n. 黏度系数vitalism n. 活力论,生机说volatile a. 反复无常的,挥发性的volatility n. 挥发度volumetric a. 测容量的,的容量Wwater fitting n. 水管wavelength n. 波长wavelet n. 子波wavenumber n. 波数well-defined a. 定义明确的,清晰的Xxenon n.氙Yyeast n. 酵母,酵母片vi. 发酵,起泡沫yttrium n. 钇Zzeolite n. 沸石zinc n.鋅zirconia n. 氧化锆zirconium n. 锆11 / 11。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用: ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名:规则:金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习:▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,九,十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核,是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径,raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的,非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性,碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物,复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的,如果供给能量,有失去电子的趋势。
化学常用英语词汇.doc
化学常用英语词汇.doc1、periodic table 元素周期表2、electronic structure电子构型3、wavelength波长4、frequency频率5、wave number波数6、diffraction衍射7、quantum量子8、quantized量子化9、quantum theory量子理论10、photoelectric effect光电效应11、photon光子12、quantum mechanics量子力学13、Heisenberg uncertainty principle海森堡测不准原理14、momentum动量15、angular momentum角动量16、ground state基态17、excited states激发态18、quantum number量子数19、atomic orbital原子轨道20、the four quantum numbers四个量子数21、electron configuration电子构型22、Pauli exclusion principle泡利不相容原理23、Hund’s principle洪特规则24、paramagnetism顺磁性25、diamagnetism反磁性26、period周期27、noble gas惰性气体28、Representative elements代表性元素29、Transition elements过渡元素30、Metals金属31、nonmetals非金属32、semiconducting elements半导体元素33、chemical bond化学键34、valence electrons价电子35、Lewis symbol路易斯符号36、Chemical stability化学稳定性37、octet rule八隅体规则38、chemical reactivity化学反应性39、metallic bonding金属键40、ionic bonding 离子键41、Lewis structures路易斯结构42、nonbonding electron pairs(lone pairs)非成键电子对43、covalent bonding共价键44、single单键45、multiple(double,triple) and coordinate(donor atom and acceptor atom) covalent bond配位键46、resonance共振47、resonance hybrid共振杂化48、nonpolar and polar covalent bond非极性和极性共价键49、dipole偶极50、network covalent substances51、bond dissociation energy键解离能52、lattice energy点阵能,晶格能53、atomic radii原子半径54、effective nuclear charge有效核电荷55、screening effect屏蔽效应56、Scanning 扫描57、Lanthanide contraction镧系收缩58、isoelectronic ions等电子离子59、ionization energy电离能60、noble gas configuration惰性气体构型61、electron affinity电子亲和能62、pseudo-noble gas configuration稀有气体原子实63、polarization of an ion离子极化64、electronegativity电负性65、electronegative atom电正性原子66、electropositive atom电负性原子67、Oxidation numbers氧化值68、Oxidation state氧化态69、molecular geometry分子几何70、bond axis键轴71、valence bond theory价键理论72、hybridization杂化73、isomers异构体74、structural isomers结构异构75、delocalized electrons离域电子76、dipole moment偶极矩77、London bond色散力78、nuclide核素79、nucleons核子80、mass defect质量缺陷81、nuclear binding energy核结合能82、nuclear fusion核聚变83、nuclear fission核裂变84、radioactivity放射性85、radionuclides放射性核素86、magic number幻数87、bombardment reaction轰击反应88、antineutrino反中微子89、neutrino中微子90、positron正电子(阳电子)91、electron capture电子捕获92、chain reaction链式反应93、crtical mass临界质量94、nuclear reaction 核反应95、thermonuclear reactions热核反应96、breeder reactor增殖反应97、hydration水合98、solvation溶剂化99、chemical equilibrium化学平衡100、hydrolysis水解。
化学单词英语
化学单词英语化学的英语单词有100个,这100个英语单词如下:1.periodic table 元素周期表2.electronic structure电子构型3.noble gas惰性气体4.Representative elements代表性元素5.Transition elements过渡元素6.chemical bond化学键7.valence electrons价电子8.Chemical stability化学稳定性9.chemical reactivity化学反应性10.metallic bonding金属键11.ionic bonding 离子键12.covalent bonding共价键13.nonbonding electron pairs(lone pairs)非成键电子对14.single单键15.noble gas configuration惰性气体构型16.pseudo-noble gas configuration稀有气体原子实17.polarization of an ion离子极化18.Oxidation numbers氧化值19.Oxidation state氧化态20.valence bond theory价键理论21.hydration水合22.solvation溶剂化23.chemical equilibrium化学平衡24.hydrolysis水解25.hydrates水合物26.efflorescence风化物27.electrolytes电解质28.strong(weak)electrolytes强电解质29.nonelectrolytes非电解质30.polyprotic acids多元酸31.neutralization中和反应32.hard water 硬水33.carbonate hardness碳酸盐硬度34.water softening水软化35.ion exchange离子交换36.fossil fuels化石燃料37.oxidation氧化38.reduction还原39.oxidation-reduction(redox)reactions氧化还原反应40.oxidizing agent氧化剂41.allotropes同素异形体42.oxo acids含氧酸43.ion product constant for water水的离子积常数44.acid or base ionization constant酸/碱电离常数45.molecular orbital theory分子轨道理论46.bond order键序47.homonuclear同核48.heteronuclear异核plex配合物50.conjugated double bonds共轭双键51.unsaturated不饱和的52.optical isomers光学异构体53.enantiomer 对映异构54.asymmetric molecule不对称分子55.substance物质56.halogen卤素57.halogenation卤化反应58.addition reactions加成反应59.substitution reactions取代反应bustion 燃烧61.natural gas天然气62.methane甲烷63.petroleum石油64.plastics and rubber塑料和橡胶65.distillation蒸馏66.cracking裂解67.reforming重置68.coal煤炭69.nitrogen氮70.coke焦炭71.ammonia氨气72.coal tar煤焦油73.synfuels合成燃料74.carbon monoxide一氧化碳75.carbon dioxide二氧化碳76.electrophile亲电试剂77.nucleophile亲核试剂78.aldehyde醛79.ester酯80.amine胺81.chemical formulas化学式82.synthetic polymers 合成高分子83.fabricss纤维84.evaporation汽化、蒸发85.liquefaction 液化86.sublimation升华87.condensation冷凝88.melting point熔点89.(normal)boiling point沸点90.crystalline 结晶91.amorphous非结晶92.crystal晶体93.coordination number(crystal)配位数94.non-stoichiometric compounds非化学计量数95.saturated solution饱和溶液96.solubility溶解度97.super-saturated solution过饱和溶液98.molarity物质的量浓度99.mole摩尔100.chemical kinetics化学动力学。
化学常用英文单词
Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂 dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom(原子):物质的基本单位,由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant(反应物):参与化学反应的物质。
Product(物):化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst(催化剂):能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid(固体):具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid(液体):具有一定体积,无固定形状的物质。
Gas(气体):无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid(酸):在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base(碱):在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt(盐):由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution(溶液):由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent(溶剂):能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute(溶质):被溶解的物质。
Concentration(浓度):溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry(有机化学):研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group(官能团):决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer(聚合物):由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry(无机化学):研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal(晶体):具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction(氧化还原反应):涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry(物理化学):研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond(化学键):原子间相互作用力,使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics(热力学):研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry(分析化学):研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
基础有机化学英文词汇
Alkaloid ['ælkəlɔid] 生物碱Alkalinity [,ælkə’linəti] 碱性Anion ['ænaiən]阴离子Cation ['kætaiən]阳离子Bromine [’brəumi:n]溴Chlorine[’klɔ:ri:n] 氯Fluorine [’flu(:)əri:n]氟Iodine [’aiəudi:n]碘Beryllium 铍Bond dissociation energy键解离能Branched chain[brɑ:ntʃ, bræntʃ]支链Conjugate acid(base)[’kɔndʒuɡeit]共轭酸(碱) Localization [,ləukəlai’zeiʃən]定域Coordinate bond [kəu'ɔ:dineit] 配位键Covalent bond 共价键Delocalization 离域Neon ['ni:ɔn, —ən]氖Nitrogen [’naitrədʒən]氮Oxygen ['ɔksidʒən]氧Dye [dai] 染料Nucleophilic regeant [,nju:kliəu’filik]亲核试剂Electrophilic regeant [i,lektrəu’filik]亲电试剂Electronegativity [i’lektrəu,neɡə’tivəti]电负性Electron atmosphere 电子云Electrovalent bond 电价键Halogen [’hælədʒin]卤素Phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs] 磷Silicium [si’lisiəm] 硅Hydrogen [’haidrədʒən] 氢Hybridized orbital [’haibrid]杂化轨道Ion [’aiən]离子Stereochemistry [,steriəu'kemistri] 立体化学Stereo-isomerism [ai'sɔmərizəm] 立体异构现象Isomer ['aisəumə] 同分异构体Sulfur [’sʌlfə]硫Tetrahedron 正四面体Acetic acid [ə’si:tik]乙酸Acetylene [ə'setili:n]乙烯Acid anhydride 酸酐Acyclic hydrocarbon 链烃Acyl halide 酰卤Alcohol [’ælkəhɔl]醇Aldehyde [’ældihaid]醛Alicyclic compound [’æli’saiklik]脂环化合物Aliphatic heterocylcic compound [,æli'fætik]脂杂环化合物Alkane ['ælkein] 烷Alkene [’ælki:n] 烯Alkyne [’ælkain]炔Alkyl [’ælkil]烷基Amide [’æmaid]酰胺Amine [ə'mi:n, ’æmin]胺Amino [ə’mi:nəu] 氨基Anthracene [æn'θrəsi:n]蒽Arene [’æri:n]芳烃Aromaticity [ə,rəumə'tisəti] 芳香性Aromatic compound [,ærəu’mætik]芳香化合物Aromatic heterocyclic compound 芳杂环化合物Benzene [’b enzi:n]苯Biphenyl 联苯Carbocyclic compound 碳环化合物Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl 羧基Carboxylic acid 羧酸Chiral carbon atom 手性碳原子Chirality [kai’ræliti:]手性Chloride [’klɔ:raid]氯化物Fluoride ['flu(:)əraid]氟化物Iodide [’aiəudaid]碘化物Chloroform [’klɔrəfɔ:m] 氯仿Cyano ['saiənəu]氰基Ester [’estə] 酯Ether ['i:θə] 醚Formic acid 甲酸Formyl 甲酰基Halohydrocarbon 卤代烃Heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物Hydroxyl [hai’drɔksil] 羟基Hydroxymethyl 羟甲基Imine [i’mi:n]亚胺Imino 亚氨基Iodoform 碘仿Isotope [’aisəutəup] 同位素Ketone [’ki:təun] 酮Lactide ['læktaid] 交酯Lactone [’læktəun] 内酯Lactam [’læktæm]内酰胺Lactim ['læktim]内酰亚胺Mercapto [mə’kæptəu]巯基Naphthalene [’næfθəli:n] 萘Nitrile ['naitrail] 腈Nitro [’naitrəu] 硝基Nitro compound 硝基化合物Nitroso [nai'trəusəu]亚硝基Peroxide [pə'rɔksaid] 过氧化合物Peroxy group 过氧基Phenanthrene [fi'nænθri:n] 菲Phenol ['fi:nɔl] 酚Phenyl ['fenəl] 苯基Primary carbon 一级碳Secondary carbon 二级碳Tertiary carbon [’tə:ʃəri]三级碳Quaternary carbon [kwə’tə:nəri]四级碳Spiro atom 螺原子Styrene 苯乙烯Sulfo 磺酸基Sulfonic acid [sʌl’fəunik] 磺酸Tautomeric isomer [,tɔ:tə’merik][’aisəumə] 互变异构体Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃Thio—alcohol 硫醇Thio—phenol 硫酚Toluene [’tɔljui:n]甲苯Xylene 二甲苯Absolute configuration 绝对构型Conformation [,kɔnfɔ:’meiʃən] 构象Angle strain 角张力Torsion strain 扭转张力Asymmetric carbon [,æsi’metrik]不对称碳原子Asymmetric synthesis [’sinθisis]不对称合成Chiral axle ['kaiərəl] ['æksəl] 手性轴Chiral plane 手性面Elute [i'ju:t]洗脱Prochirality 前手性Racemate 外消旋体Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemization 外消旋化Racemize 外消旋Resolution [,rezə'lu:ʃən] 拆分Specific rotation 比旋光度Stereoselectiviey 立体选择性Stereospecificity 立体专一性Symmetric axle 对称轴Symmetric plane 对称面Tetrahedral configuration [kən,fiɡju’reiʃən]正四面体构型Activate intermediate [,intə’mi:djət, —dieit]活泼中间体Chlorizate 氯化Fluorinate 氟化Brominate 溴化Iodizate 碘化Aromatization [,ərəumətai’zeiʃən] 芳构化Nitration [nai'treiʃən]硝化Nitrate ['naitreit]硝酸盐Condensation [,kɔnden’seiʃən] 缩合反应Addition reaction 加成反应Electrophilic reaction 亲电反应Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Elementary reaction [,eli’mentəri] 基元反应Elimination reaction [i,limi’neiʃən] 消除反应Ionic reaction 离子反应Substitution reaction 取代反应Synergistic reaction [,sinə’dʒistik] 协同反应Free radical reaction 自由基反应Dynamics [dai’næmiks]动力学Thermodynamics [,θə:məudai'næmiks]热力学Endothermic reaction [,endəu'θə:mik]吸热反应Exothermic reaction [,eksəu’θə:mik]放热反应Equilibrium constant [,i:kwi’libriəm] 平衡常数Heterolysis [,hetə'rɔlisis]异裂Homolysis [həu'mɔlisis] 均裂Pyrolysis [paiə'rɔlisis] 热裂Rearrangement 重排反应Sulfonation 磺化反应Transition state [træn'siʒən] 过渡态Petroleum [pi'trəuliəm]石油Electron impact (EI)电子轰击Fast atom bom bardment 快原子轰击Infrared spectroscopy (IR)红外光谱Spectroscopy [spek’trɔskəupi]光谱学Spectrometer [spek’trɔmitə] 光谱仪Ultraviolet and visible spectrum (UV)[’spektrəm]紫外可见光谱Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)['rezənəns]核磁共振Anti elimination 反式消除Antiaddition 反式加成Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Nucleophilicity 亲核性Carbocation 碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Oxonium salt 样盐Polarizability 可极化性Conjugated system [’kɔndʒuɡeit]共轭系统Conjugation 共轭效应Electron-donating group 给电子基Electron—withdrawing group 吸电子基Hydrolysis [hai'drɔlisis] 水解Hydrophilic property ['prɔpəti] 亲水性Hyperconjugation 超共轭Inductive effect 诱导效应Isonitrile 异腈Internal nucleophilic substitution 分子内亲核取代Inversion of configuration 构型翻转Retention of configuration 构型保持Leaving group 离去基团Nitrite ['naitrait] 亚硝酸酯Nitroalkane 硝基烷Non—aqueous solvent 非水溶剂Non—polar solvent 非极性溶剂Proton solvent [’prəutɔn]质子溶剂Dipole solvent 偶极溶剂Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecific 区域专一性Rigid structure 刚性结构Solvolysis 溶剂解效应Steric help effect [’sterik] 空助效应Steric hindrance effect 空阻效应Substrate ['sʌbstreit]底物Sulfate [’sʌlfeit] 硫酸酯Sulfonate [’sʌlfəneit]磺酸酯Borane [’bɔ:rein] 硼烷Silane [’silein] 硅烷Coupling reaction 偶联反应Hydrogenolysis [,haidrəudʒi'nɔlisis]氢解Lithium aluminium hydride 氢化铝锂Sodium boronhydride 硼氢化钠Carbene ['kɑ:bi:n]卡宾Carbenoid 类卡宾Catalytic hydrogenation [kætə’litik]催化氢化Conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃Cumulative diene [’kju:mju,leitiv] 累积二烯烃Isolated diene 孤立二烯烃Epoxidation 环氧化反应Heterogeneous catalyst [,hetərəu'dʒi:njəs]异相催化剂Homogeneous catalyst [,hɔmə’dʒi:niəs, ,həu-] [’kætəlist]均相催化剂Resonance formula 共振式Resonance structure 共振结构Resonance theory 共振论Epoxy compound 环氧化合物Aromatic electrophilic substitution 芳香亲电取代Ferrocene 二茂铁Chloromethylation 氯甲基化Acetal 缩醛Hemiacetal 半缩醛Aliphatic ether 脂肪醚Ortho formate 原甲酸酯Dimethyl sulfoxide 二甲亚砜Dismutation reaction 歧化反应Enamine 烯胺Enol form 烯醇式Hydrate 水合物Hydrazine 肼Hydrazone 腙Hydroxylamine 羟胺Ketal 缩酮Lactam 内酰胺Oxime 肟Phosphorus ylide 磷叶立德Simple ketone 单酮Decarboxylation 脱羧反应Intermolecular esterification 分子间酯化Intramolecular esterification 分子内酯化Acylation 酰化作用Acylating agent 酰化试剂Alcoholysis 醇解Cyanic acid 氰酸Isocyanic acid 异氰酸Isocyanate 异氰酸酯Imide 酰亚胺Furan 呋喃Pyridine 吡啶Pyrrole 吡咯Quinoline 喹啉Isoquinoline 异喹啉Azole 唑Imidazole 咪唑Indole 吲哚Thiazole 噻唑Isothiazole 异噻唑Oxazole 恶唑Isoxazole 异恶唑Diazine 二嗪Pyrazine 吡嗪Pyridazine 哒嗪Thiophene 噻吩Pyrimidine 嘧啶Purine 嘌呤Thiourea 硫脲Amidine 脒Guanidine 胍Benzofuran 苯并呋喃Benzothiophene 苯并噻吩Boron tribromide 三溴化硼Aniline 苯胺Benzyne 苯炔Fluoroboric acid 氟硼酸Diazomethane 重氮甲烷Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Ambident anion 两位负离子Ambident reactivity 两位反应活性Lithium diisopropyl amine 二异丙基胺锂。
alevel化学常用单词汇总
chapter 1 atomic structureelement n.元素all know materials can be broken down into fundamental substances we call element.我们所知道的所有物质都可以分解成原子。
atom n.原子atom is the smallest particle of matter having all that element ’s characteristics.原子时具有元素性质的最小粒子。
nucleus /’nju:kliəs ,’nu ːkli əs/ 原子核electron n.电子 proton 质子neutron 中子compound n. 化合物:When two or more elements combine and form a compound, a chemical change takes place.当两种或两种以上的元素结合形成化合物时, 发生化学变化。
化学中的物质分为单质和化合物,大部分元素是以化合物的形式存在atom nucleus election proton neutron {{(+)(-)的。
ion n. 离子:when an atom get or lost elections,it becomes ion.原子得失电子后形成离子。
cathode n. 阴极(negative electrode)Cathode rays are attracted by a positive charge.阴极射线被阳电荷所吸引。
anode n. 阳极(positive election)A red wire is often attached to the anode.红色电线通常与阳极相联。
particle n. 粒子:Particles include moleculars,atoms , protons, neutrons ,electrons and ions.微小粒子包括分子,原子,质子,中子,电子,离子等等。
化工常用词汇表
化工常用词汇表(更新至6月)单词音标Aabbreviation[əbriːvɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n]absolute['æbsəluːt]abundant[ə'bʌnd(ə)nt]accelerated[ək'seləreɪtɪd]acetic[ə'siːtɪk; ə'setɪk]acetic acidacetone['æsɪtəʊn]acid-proof paintacrolein[ə'krəʊlɪɪn]activated carbonactivity[æk'tɪvɪtɪ]actual loading testactuate['æktʃʊeɪt; -tjʊ-]actuator['æktjʊeɪtə]adapter[ə'dæptə]adaptive[ə'dæptɪv]additive['ædɪtɪv]adhere[əd'hɪə]adhesive[əd'hiːsɪv; -zɪv]admit[əd'mɪt]adverse['ædvɜːs]adversity[əd'vɜːsɪtɪ]aerate['eəreɪt]aeration[eɪə'reɪʃən]affinity[ə'fɪnɪtɪ]after-scale serviceagitate['ædʒɪteɪt]agitator['ædʒɪteɪtə]air doorair manifoldalcohol['ælkəhɒl]aldehyde['ældɪhaɪd]aldolisationalgorithm['ælgərɪð(ə)m]alignment[ə'laɪnm(ə)nt]alkaline['ælkəlaɪn]alkyl['ælkaɪl; -kɪl]alloy['ælɒɪ]alternative modifieralumina[ə'luːmɪnə]ambient['æmbɪənt]ambiguity[æmbɪ'gjuːɪtɪ]ammeter['æmɪtə]ammonium[ə'məʊnɪəm]amorphous[ə'mɔːfəs]ample['æmp(ə)l]analog['ænəlɒɡ] analogue signalanchor boltanchored['æŋkɚ] anchorsAngle['æŋɡl]angle ['æŋg(ə)l] angle valveangle vavleanionic[,ænaɪ'ɒnɪk] annual averageannular['ænjʊlə] antifoam['æntɪ,fəʊm] antifreeze valveanti-frostantiknock[,æntɪ'nɒk] antishockantisurgeapparatus[,æpə'reɪtəs] appear[ə'pɪə] approach[ə'prəʊtʃ] appropriate[ə'prəʊprɪət] aqueous['eɪkwɪəs]arch[ɑːtʃ] architecture['ɑːkɪtektʃə] armoured cable['ɑːməd] arrestorsarsenic['ɑːs(ə)nɪk] assembly pieceasset['æset]assitassociate[ə'səʊʃɪeɪt; -sɪeɪt] associated[ə'soʃɪetɪd]at libertyatmospheric vesselattachment weldattainedattainment[ə'teɪnm(ə)nt] attenuation[ə,tenjʊ'eɪʃən] attorney[ə'tɜːnɪ]attrition[ə'trɪʃ(ə)n] authorities[ɔ:'θɔritis] autoignition[,ɔːtəʊɪɡ'nɪʃən] auxiliary[ɔːg'zɪlɪərɪ; ɒg-] auxiliary steamBbabbitback-mixingbackpack['bækpæk]back-up batterybaffle['bæf(ə)l] balance outball valveban[bæn]barrier['bærɪə]base linebaseplate['beispleit] basic planbasket type strainerbatch[bætʃ]be coated withbe construed asbeam[biːm] bearing saddlebellows['beləʊz]below cylinderbelt[belt]belt filterbench[ben(t)ʃ] bending pipebenzene['benziːn]bevel['bev(ə)l] bicolor['baɪ,kʌlə]bid[bɪd]bidder['bɪdə] bifunctional[bai'fʌŋkʃənəl] bimetallic[baɪmɪ'tælɪk]bin[bɪn]bind[baɪnd]binder['baɪndə] biochemical[,baɪəʊ'kemɪk(ə)l] biomass['baɪə(ʊ)mæs] blade[bleɪd]blank[blæŋk]blasting['blɑːstɪŋ] bleeder['bliːdə]blender['blendə]blind coverblind flangeblind offblinded connectionblock [blɒk] blockage['blɒkɪdʒ] blowcase['bləʊkeɪs] blowout['bləʊaʊt] board[bɔːd]bolt[bəʊlt]Bolted Bonnetbolted capbolting['boltɪŋ]bonnet['bɒnɪt]booster['buːstə]booster pumpborder['bɔːdə]bore[bɔː]boron['bɔːrɒn]boundary conditionbourdon tubebox bodybrace[breɪs]bracket['brækɪt]brake fanbranch[brɑːn(t)ʃ]brass[brɑːs]brazed[breizd]brazing['breiziŋ]breaker['breɪkə]breather['briːðə]brittle['brɪt(ə)l]bronze[brɒnz]bubble['bʌb(ə)l]bubble capbubble-cap towerbucket['bʌkɪt]bug[bʌg]building ventilationbulk[bʌlk]bulk densitybumper['bʌmpə]bundle['bʌnd(ə)l]bus barsbusiness practicebutadiene[,bjuːtə'daɪiːn]butane['bjuːteɪn]butanol['bjuːtənɒl]butene['bjuːtiːn]butterfly valvebutt-weldedbuty ['bjuːti] butyraldehyde[,bjuːtɪ'rældəhaɪd] bypass['baɪpɑːs]Ccable glandcable trayscadre['kɑːdə; 'kɑːdr(ə); 'kædrɪ] calcium['kælsɪəm]calculate['kælkjʊleɪt] calibrate['kælɪbreɪt] candle filtercanvas['kænvəs]cap[kæp] capacitive[kə'pæsɪtɪv] capillary[kə'pɪlərɪ] carbonyl['kɑːbənaɪl; -nɪl] carbonyl sulfidecargo['kɑːgəʊ] carriage['kærɪdʒ]carry outcarry overcascade[kæs'keɪd] casing-head gascast steelcasting['kɑːstɪŋ] catalog['kætəlɒɡ] catalyst['kæt(ə)lɪst] catchpotcaustic sodacavitation[,kævɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n] cavitationscelebrity[sɪ'lebrɪtɪ] celsius['selsɪəs] cement[sɪ'ment] centimeter['sɛntə,mitɚ] central downtakecentre['sentə] centrifugal[,sentrɪ'fjuːg(ə)l] ceramic[sɪ'ræmɪk] certificate of compliancecertification[,sɜːtɪfɪ'keɪʃən] chain[tʃeɪn]chalk markchamber['tʃeɪmbə] charging currentcharging platformchart[tʃɑːt]chassis['ʃæsɪ; -iː]check valvechecklist['tʃeklɪst] chemical['kemɪk(ə)l] chemical sewerchemist['kemɪst]chiller['tʃɪlə]chisel['tʃɪz(ə)l] chloride['klɔːraɪd] Chromatograph[krəʊ'mætəɡrɑːf]chromium['krəʊmɪəm] chute[ʃuːt]circuit['sɜːkɪt] circumstance['sɜːkəmst(ə)ns] citric['sɪtrɪk]client['klaɪənt] clockwise['klɒkwaɪz] clump[klʌmp] coagulator[kəu'ægju,letɚ] coalescer[,kəuə'lesə]coal-tar['kəul,tɑ:]coarse[kɔːs]cobalt['kəʊbɔːlt; -ɒlt] cocatalyst[kəu'kætəlist] cock[kɒk]coefficient[,kəʊɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt] coil[kɒɪl]coke backfillcollaboration[kəlæbə'reɪʃn] collaboration toolscollate[kə'leɪt] combustion[kəm'bʌstʃ(ə)n] commission[kə'mɪʃ(ə)n] commodity[kə'mɒdɪtɪ] commodity codecompanion[kəm'pænjən] compartment[kəm'pɑːtm(ə)nt] compatibility[kəm,pætɪ'bɪlɪtɪ] compensate['kɒmpenseɪt] competent['kɒmpɪt(ə)nt] complete[kəm'pliːt] completion[kəm'pliːʃn] complex['kɒmpleks] compliance[kəm'plaɪəns] compliance withcomplicated['kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd] comply withcomposition[kɒmpə'zɪʃ(ə)n] compound['kɒmpaʊnd] compression springcomprise[kəm'praɪz] compromise['kɒmprəmaɪz] concentrate['kɒns(ə)ntreɪt] concentration[kɒns(ə)n'treɪʃ(ə)n] conceptual[kən'septjʊəl] condition[kən'dɪʃ(ə)n] conditioning[kən'dɪʃənɪŋ] conduct['kɒndʌkt] conductivity[kɒndʌk'tɪvɪtɪ]conductor[kən'dʌktə] conductor barconduit['kɒndjʊɪt]cone[kəʊn]cone roof tank[kən,fɪgə'reɪʃ(ə)n; -gjʊ-] confidentiality[,kɒnfɪ,denʃɪ'ælɪtɪ] configuration[kən,fɪgə'reɪʃ(ə)n; -gjʊ-] confirm[kən'fɜːm] confirmation[kɒnfə'meɪʃ(ə)n] conflict['kɒnflɪkt] conformance[kən'fɔːm(ə)ns] congestion[kən'dʒestʃən] connection[kəˈnekʃn] consecutive[kən'sekjʊtɪv] consequence['kɒnsɪkw(ə)ns] considerable[kən'sɪd(ə)rəb(ə)l] consistent[kən'sɪst(ə)nt] console[kən'səʊl]constant['kɒnst(ə)nt] constituent[kən'stɪtjʊənt] constitute['kɒnstɪtjuːt]construe[kən'struː]consult[kən'sʌlt]consume[kən'sjuːm] consumption[kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n] container[kən'teɪnə] containment[kən'teɪnm(ə)nt] contaminate[kən'tæmɪneɪt] continuous[kən'tɪnjʊəs]contract['kɒntrækt]contract signaturecontradict[kɒntrə'dɪkt]control discconvergence[kən'vɜːdʒəns] conversant[kən'vɜːs(ə)nt]cooled coilscooling finscopolymer[kəʊ'pɒlɪmə]copper['kɒpə]copper corecord[kɔːd]core[kɔː]core sectioncorrect[kə'rekt]correlation[,kɒrə'leɪʃ(ə)n; -rɪ-] correspond[kɒrɪ'spɒnd] corrosion[kə'rəʊʒ(ə)n] corrosion allowancecorrosion inhibitorcotter['kɒtə]counter-currentcounterpart['kaʊntəpɑːt] counterweight['kaʊntəweɪt] coupling['kʌplɪŋ] coupon['kuːpɒn] covalent[kəʊ'veɪl(ə)nt] cover['kʌvə]cracker['krækə]crane[kreɪn]crank bearingcrate[kreɪt]crest[krest]crevice['krevɪs]crew[kruː]criteria[kraɪ'tɪərɪə] cross-contaminationcrossover[kraɪ'tɪərɪə] crusher['krʌʃɚ] cryogenic[,kraɪə'dʒenɪk] cryogenic pumpcrystal['krɪst(ə)l] crystallization[,krɪstəlaɪ'zeɪʃən] cube metercuring['kjʊərɪŋ] curtain['kɜːt(ə)n]cycle timecycling ball vavlecylinder valveDdamped vibrationdampen['dæmp(ə)n] dampener['dæmpənɚ] damper['dæmpə] dampersdamping[dæmpɪŋ] dashboard['dæʃbɔːd]data gatheringdavit['dævɪt]day tankdeactivate[diː'æktɪveɪt] dead enddead loaddeaeration[,di:εə'reiʃən] deaerator[di:'εəreitə] debris['debriː; 'deɪbriː] decanter [dɪ'kæntə] decanter centrifugaldecay[di'kei]December[dɪ'sembə]decibel['desibel]deck[dek]declining[dɪ'klaɪn] decomposition ofdecontamination[,dikəntæmɪ'neʃən] decouple[diː'kʌp(ə)l]dedicate['dedɪkeɪt]dedicated['dedɪkeɪtɪd]deduct[di'dʌkt]deem[di:m]de-energizeddeepening['di:pəniŋ]defect['diːfekt; dɪ'fekt] defective[di'fektiv]deference['def(ə)r(ə)ns] deficiency[dɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ]deficit['defɪsɪt; 'diː-]definition[defɪ'nɪʃ(ə)n]definitive[dɪ'fɪnɪtɪv]deflection[dɪ'flekʃ(ə)n]deflection platedeformation[,diːfɔː'meɪʃ(ə)n] deformation [,diːfɔː'meɪʃ(ə)n] degassing [di:'gæsiŋ]degassing columndegradation[,degrə'deɪʃ(ə)n] degreasing[di:'gri:ziŋ]degree of reliabilitydehydrate[diːhaɪ'dreɪt; diː'haɪdreɪt] dehydration[,diːhaɪ'dreɪʃən] deinventorydeionise[di:'aiənaiz]deionize[diː'aɪənaɪz]deionized waterdelay[di'lei]delegation[,deli'geiʃən]deletion[dɪ'liːʃən]delicate['delɪkət]deliver[dɪ'lɪvə]deliverable[dɪ'lɪvərəbl]delivery[dɪ'lɪv(ə)rɪ]delivery timedemagnetization['di:,mæɡnitai'zeiʃən, -ti'z-] demineralise[di:'minərəlaiz]demister[,di'mɪstɚ]demisting paddemobilization['di,mobɪlɪ'zeʃən] demonstrate['demənstreɪt]dense[dens]dense phasedensity['densɪtɪ]departure[di'pa:tʃə]depict[dɪ'pɪkt]depleted[di'plitid]depletion[di'pli:ʃən]deposit[dɪ'pɒzɪt]deposition[,depə'zɪʃ(ə)n; diː-] depressurizingdeputy['depjuti]derive[dɪ'raɪv]derived[dɪ'raɪv]dermatitis[,dɜːmə'taɪtɪs]derusting[di:'rʌstiŋ]descale[,di'skel]descend[dɪ'send]desiccant['desɪk(ə)nt]design criteriadesign institutedesignate asdesignation[,dezig'neiʃən]designted[dɪ'zaɪnd]desire[dɪ'zaɪə]desorb[diː'sɔːb]desulfurize[diː'sʌlfjʊraɪz] desulphurisationdesuperheat[di:sju:pə'hi:t]desurger or accumulatordetach[dɪ'tætʃ]detail engineering designdetali['di:teil, di'teil]detect[di'tekt]detectable[dɪ'tɛktəbl]detector[dɪ'tektə]detergent[dɪ'tɜːdʒ(ə)nt]deteriorate[di'tiəriəreit]determine[dɪ'tɜːmɪn]deviate['diːvɪeɪt]deviation[diːvɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n]device readabilitydevolatilization['divə,lætɪlɪ'zeʃən]dew pointdiagnose['daɪəgnəʊz; -'nəʊz] diagnostic [,daiəg'nɔstik]diagnostic systemdiagonally[daɪ'æg(ə)nəlɪ; daɪ'ægən(ə)lɪ] dial ['daɪəl]dial gaugedial scalediameter[daɪ'æmɪtə] diaphragm['daɪəfræm] diaphragm compressordiaphramdiaphram type couplingdictatesdie stampdiene['daii:n]diesel['diːz(ə)l]diesel hydrogenationdiffuse[dɪ'fjuːz]diffuser[dɪ'fjuːzə]diffuser coverdigit['dɪdʒɪt]digital['didʒitəl]diluent['dɪljʊənt]dilute phasediluted[daɪ'ljuːtɪd] dimension[dɪ'menʃ(ə)n; daɪ-] dimensions[dɪ'menʃənz]dimer['daɪmə]dimers['daɪməs]dimethyl[daɪ'meθɪl] diminish[dɪ'mɪnɪʃ]diplegdirect[dɪ'rekt; daɪ-]direct currentdirt[dɜːt]disarm[dis'a:m] disassembly[,disə'sembli] discharge openingdiscipline['dɪsɪplɪn]disclose todisclosure[dɪs'kləʊʒə] discoloration[,dɪskʌlə'reɪʃn] discolour[dɪs'kʌlə] discontinuous[dɪskən'tɪnjʊəs] discrepancy[dɪs'krep(ə)nsɪ] discrete[dis'kri:t]discs[dɪsks]disengage[,dɪsɪn'geɪdʒ; ,dɪsen-] dismantle[dɪs'mænt(ə)l] dismounting[dɪs'maʊnt] disorder[dɪs'ɔːdə]dispatch[dis'pætʃ] dispersant[dɪ'spɝsənt] disperse[dɪ'spɜːs] dispersion[dɪ'spɜːʃ(ə)n] displace[dɪs'pleɪs]displacer[dis'pleisə] display[dɪ'spleɪ] disposal[dɪ'spəʊz(ə)l] dissever[dɪ(s)'sevə] dissipated['dɪsɪpeɪtɪd] dissolve[di'zɔlv] distance['dɪst(ə)ns] distillation[,disti'leiʃən] distinct[dɪ'stɪŋ(k)t] distintdistributed control systemdistributor[dɪ'strɪbjʊtə] disturbances[dɪs'tɝbəns] disulfide[daɪ'sʌlfaɪd] ditch[dɪtʃ]diverter valvedivision[dɪ'vɪʒ(ə)n] division of designdizziness['dɪzɪnɪs] document['dɒkjʊm(ə)nt] dominant['dɒmɪnənt] door gasketdouble actingdouble block and bleederdouble bonddouble dots linedouble flow compressordouble male and female facedouble mechanical sealdouble pipedouble throwdouble-pipe heat exchangerdown comerdowncome['daunkʌm] downcomer['daʊn,kʌmɚ] downtakedownwards['daʊnwɚdz] draft[drɑːft]draft fandrag[dræg]drain potdrain valvedrastic['dræstɪk; 'drɑː-] draw [drɔː]draw sumpdrier['draɪɚ] drilling['drɪlɪŋ]drip[drɪp]driving forcedrop[drɒp]drop offdroplet['drɒplɪt]dry applied filmdry legdry outdry powderdry rundual['djuːəl]duct[dʌkt]duly[dju:li, 'du:li]dump[dʌmp]dumped packingdumping['dʌmpɪŋ]duplex['djuːpleks]duplex stainless steelduplicate['dju:plikət, 'dju:plikeit] durability[,djʊrə'bɪləti]durably['djʊrəbli]duration[djʊ'reɪʃ(ə)n]dust collectorduties[dj:tis]dynamic rangedynamic responsedynasty['dɪnəstɪ]Eease[iːz]ease ofeccentric pin[ɪk'sentrɪk; ek-]edge protecfer closure plateeditable['ɛdɪtəbl]editable fileeductor[i:'dʌktə]effluent['eflʊənt]ehtropy['entrəpɪ]elastomer[ɪ'læstəmə]elbow['elbəʊ]electrical apparatuselectrical scanning instrumentelectrical sub-stationelectrify[ɪ'lektrɪfaɪ] electrochemical cellelectrode[ɪ'lektrəʊd] electromagnetic[ɪ,lektrə(ʊ)mæg'netɪk] electropolish[i'lektrəu'pɔliʃ] electrostatic[ɪ,lektrə(ʊ)'stætɪk] electrostatic chargeelegantly['ɛləgəntli]element methodelevate['elɪveɪt]elevated temperatureselevation[,elɪ'veɪʃ(ə)n] elevationseliminate[ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt] elimination[ɪ,lɪmɪ'neɪʃən] elusive[ɪ'l(j)uːsɪv] elutriation[i,lju:tri'eiʃən] embed[ɪm'bed; em-] embossed[im'bɔsd] emergency poweremergency releaseemergency stop valveemission freeemission-freeemphatic[ɪm'fætɪk; em-] emulation[,emjʊ'leɪʃən] emulsify[ɪ'mʌlsɪfaɪ] enactment[ɪ'næktm(ə)nt; e-] enclosure[ɪn'kləʊʒə; en-]end sealendeavour[ɪn'devə; en-] endeavour toendoscope['endəskəʊp] endothermic[,endəʊ'θɜːmɪk] energy['enədʒɪ] engagement[ɪn'geɪdʒm(ə)nt; en-] engraved[in'greivd]enhance[ɪn'hɑːns; -hæns; en-] enlarge[ɪn'lɑːdʒ; en-] enrichment[ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] enterprise['entəpraɪz] enthalpy['enθ(ə)lpɪ; en'θælpɪ] entirely[ɪn'taɪəlɪ; en-] entrainedentrainment[in'treinmənt] entropy['entrəpɪ]envelop[ɪn'veləp; en-]envy['envɪ]EOLequal order digitsequalize['iːkwəlaɪz] equation[ɪ'kweɪʒ(ə)n] equilibrium[,iːkwɪ'lɪbrɪəm; ,ekwɪ-] equipmentitem numberequivalence[ɪ'kwɪv(ə)l(ə)ns] equivalent[ɪ'kwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] erect[ɪ'rekt]erection[ɪ'rekʃ(ə)n]erosion [ɪ'rəʊʒ(ə)n]erratic[ɪ'rætɪk]erroneous[ɪ'rəʊnɪəs; e-]error reportessential[ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] estimate['estɪmeɪt] estimatedestimator['estɪmeɪtə] ethanoylethenet switchevaluate[ɪ'væljʊeɪt] evaporate[ɪ'væpəreɪt] evaporation[ɪ,væpə'reɪʃən] even distributionevenly['i:vənlɪ] evolution[,iːvə'luːʃ(ə)n; 'ev-] evolve[ɪ'vɒlv]exact[ɪg'zækt; eg-] exceptional[ɪk'sepʃ(ə)n(ə)l; ek-] exceptions[ik'sepʃənz] exchange areaexclude[ɪk'skluːd; ek-] exclusion from the seller's scopeexclusively[ɪk'skluːsɪvlɪ] excution[,eksɪ'kjuːʃ(ə)n] exhaust casingexhaust tubeexhaustively[ɪg'zɔstɪvli]exhibit[ɪg'zɪbɪt; eg-] exothermic[,eksə(ʊ)'θɜːmɪk] expand[ɪk'spænd; ek-] expander[ɪk'spændɚ] expansion [ɪk'spænʃ(ə)n; ek-] expansion bellowexpansion boxexpansion jointexpansion jointsexpel[ɪk'spel; ek-] expeller[ɛk'spɛlɚ] expertise[,ekspɜː'tiːz] exploded viewexploit[ɪk'splɒɪt; ek-] explosion[ɪk'spləʊʒ(ə)n; ek-] exposure[ɪk'spəʊʒə; ek-] extemal coatingextending oilextensive[ɪk'stensɪv; ek-] extensively[ik'stensivli] extent[ɪk'stent; ek-] exterior[ɪk'stɪərɪə; ek-] exterior surfaceexternal forceexternal lute[ɪk'stɜːn(ə)l; ek-]extinction[ɪk'stɪŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n; ek-] extinguisher[ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃə; ek-] extract [ɪk'strækt; ek-] extraction [ɪk'strækʃ(ə)n; ek-] extraction towerextraction turbineextra-lightextruder[ɛk'strudɚ] extrusion[ek'struːʒən] exudation[,eksjuː'deɪʃən] eyebath['aɪbæθ]Ffabricate['fæbrɪkeɪt] fabricated['fæbrɪ,ket] fabrication operationfacility[fə'sɪlɪtɪ] facsimile[fæk'sɪmɪlɪ]fail safefail-safe['feilseif]failure tofatigue[fə'tiːg]favor['fevɚ]favored[feɪvəd] feasibility[fiːzɪ'bɪlɪtɪ] featurefeedback['fiːdbæk] feedstock['fiːdstɒk] feminism['femɪnɪz(ə)m] fence[fens]ferrous['ferəs]field erectionfill[fɪl]fill holefiller metalfilm[fɪlm]filter gauzefin[fɪn]final['faɪn(ə)l]finalise['faɪnəlaɪz] finishing['fɪnɪʃɪŋ]firebox['faɪəbɒks] fireproof['faɪəpruːf]fixed[fɪkst]fixed-bedflame arrestorflame ionizationflameproof enclosureflammable['flæməb(ə)l] flange ratingflexibility[,fleksɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]flexible mountingflexible rotorFloat Typefloat valvefloateflooding['flʌdɪŋ] floorplanflow[fləʊ]flow fractionflow schemeflow tubeflowability['fləuə'biliti] fluctuate['flʌktʃʊeɪt; -tjʊ-] fluctuation[,flʌktʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] flue gasflue gasfluff[flʌf]fluidize['fluːɪdaɪz] fluidized ['flu:idaizd] followed byfoot valveforced draft fanforeign matterformaldehyde[fɔː'mældɪhaɪd] fouling['faʊlɪŋ] foundation[faʊn'deɪʃ(ə)n] fracture['fræktʃə] fragile['frædʒaɪl] frame[freɪm]freak outfreight[freɪt]freshly['freʃlɪ]friction['frɪkʃ(ə)n] fugacious[fjʊ'geɪʃəs] fumesfundamental[fʌndə'ment(ə)l] funnel['fʌn(ə)l] furnish['fɜːnɪʃ]further['fɜːðə]fusion bondingGgadgets[gæ,dʒets] gage[geɪdʒ] galvanic[gæl'vænɪk] Galvanic Isolationgalvanized['gælvənaizd] gap[gæp]gap clearancegaseous[gæl'vænɪk] gasifier['ɡæsifaiə]gasify['gæsɪfaɪ]gasoline['gæsəliːn]gastight['gæs'taɪt]gate valvegathering['gæð(ə)rɪŋ]gauge[geɪdʒ]gauge boardgauge glassgauge lengthgauze maskgear[gɪə]gear metergear pumpgearbox['gɪəbɒks]gels[dʒelz]general arrangementgeneral plot plangenerate['dʒenəreɪt] generation[gæl'vænɪk] geological[dʒɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] geometry[dʒɪ'ɒmɪtrɪ]gland condensergland plategland sealgland steamglobally['gləubli]globe valveglobe valvesglycol['glaɪkɒl]goggles['gɑglz]governor['gʌv(ə)nə]gradient['greɪdɪənt] gradually['grædʒʊlɪ; 'grædjʊəlɪ] grant[grɑːnt]granular['grænjʊlə]granule['grænjuːl] graphically['græfɪkli]graphite['græfaɪt]gravity['grævɪtɪ]gravity settlinggrid[grɪd]grit[grɪt]groove['grævɪtɪ]gross[grəʊs]ground conductorground flushgrouting['graʊtɪŋ]guided waveguillotine['gɪlətiːn; ,gɪlə'tiːn] gyre['dʒaɪə; 'gaɪə]Hhandle['hænd(ə)l]handrail['hændreɪl] hardened['hɑːdənd] hardwired[,hɑːd'waɪəd] harmful substancehastelloy['heistə,lɔi] hazardous['hæzədəs]Heat Ofheavy dutyhelical['helɪk(ə)l; 'hiː-] heptanol['heptənɔl] hereinafter[hɪərɪn'ɑːftə] hexane['hekseɪn]hexanol['heksənɔl]hexenal['heksinəl] hierarchy['haɪərɑːkɪ] highlight['haɪlaɪt]hold-down barhold-down gridhomogeneous[,hɒmə(ʊ)'dʒiːnɪəs] horizontal[hɒrɪ'zɒnt(ə)l]horn[hɔːn]hose[həʊz]hose connectionhub[hʌb]humidity[hjʊ'mɪdɪtɪ] hydraulic[haɪ'drɔːlɪk]hydride['haɪdraɪd] hydrocracking['haɪdrə,krækɪŋ] hydrocyclone[,haidrəu'saikləun] hydrodesulphurisationhydroformylation['haidrəu,fɔ:mi'leiʃən] hydrogen['haɪdrədʒ(ə)n] hydrogenate[haɪ'drɒdʒəneɪt] hydrogenation[,haidrədʒi'neiʃən] hydrotesthydrotreat['haɪdrətriːt]Iidentify numberidle['aɪd(ə)l]ignite[ɪg'naɪt]ignition[ɪg'nɪʃ(ə)n]impeller[ɪm'pelə]impinge[ɪm'pɪn(d)ʒimplement['ɪmplɪm(ə)nt] implication[ɪmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] impose[ɪm'pəʊz]impulse lineimpure[ɪm'pjʊə; ɪm'pjɔː] impurity[ɪm'pjʊərɪtɪ]in lieu ofin parenthesisincineration[ɪn,sɪnə'reɪʃn] incinerator[ɪn'sɪnəreɪtə] inclusive[ɪn'kluːsɪv] incoming['ɪnkʌmɪŋ] inconsequential[,ɪnkɒnsɪ'kwenʃ(ə)l] incorporate[ɪn'kɔːpəreɪt] increment['ɪŋkrɪm(ə)nt]index['ɪndeks] individual[ɪndɪ'vɪdjʊ(ə)l] individually[ɪndɪ'vɪdjʊ(ə)lɪ] induced draft faninert[ɪ'nɜːt]inertial[ɪ'nɜːʃ(ə)l] infrastructure['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə] ingredient[ɪn'griːdɪənt] inhibitor[ɪn'hɪbɪtə] inhomogeneity[,ɪnhomədʒə'niəti] initial[ɪ'nɪʃəl]initiat e[ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt]inject[ɪn'dʒekt]injection[ɪn'dʒekʃ(ə)n] inquiry[ɪn'kwaɪrɪ] inspection[ɪn'spekʃn] instalment [ɪn'stɔːlm(ə)nt] instantaneous[,ɪnst(ə)n'teɪnɪəs] institute['ɪnstɪtjuːt] instruction[ɪn'strʌkʃ(ə)n] insulation[ɪnsjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] insurance[ɪn'ʃʊər(ə)ns] integrate['ɪntɪgreɪt] integrated['ɪntɪgreɪtɪd] integrated controlintegrity[ɪn'tegrɪtɪ] intellectual[,ɪntə'lektʃʊəl; -tjʊəl] intended[ɪn'tendɪd] interchange[ɪntə'tʃeɪn(d)ʒ] interconnection[,ɪntɚkə'nɛkʃən] interfacing['ɪntəfeɪsɪŋ] interference fitintermediate[,ɪntə'miːdɪət] intermittent[ɪntə'mɪt(ə)nt] internal[ɪn'tɜːn(ə)l] internal lininginterpassinterstage['intəsteidʒ] intimate['ɪntɪmət]intrinsically safeinventory['ɪnv(ə)nt(ə)rɪ] investigate[ɪn'vestɪgeɪt] investment[ɪn'ves(t)m(ə)nt] invoice['ɪnvɒɪs]irrigate['ɪrɪgeɪt]isolate['aɪsəleɪt] isolator['aisəleitə] isomer['aɪsəmə] isomerisation['aɪsəməraizeiʃən] isometric drawing[aɪsə(ʊ)'metrɪk] issued['ɪʃjʊ]itemized['aɪtəm,aɪz]Jjacket['dʒækɪt] jacketed pipe linejoint[dʒɒɪnt] jurisdiction[,dʒʊərɪs'dɪkʃ(ə)n] justified['dʒʌstɪfaɪd]Kketoneskettle['ketl]key featurekick-off meetingkilopascal['kiləu'pæskəl] knead[ni:d]knock out drumLlabel['leibl] laboratory[lə'bɔrətəri] labyrinth['læbərinθ]lapse[læps]laser['leizə]latent['leitənt]latent heatlateral['lætərəl] launching meetinglaw and regulationlead lineleaf[li:f]leakage['li:kidʒ]leak-prooflean [li:n]lean gaslean liquorlegend['ledʒənd]level offleveler['levələ] levelling['levəliŋ]liability[,laiə'biləti]liberate['libəreit]license['laisəns]licensor['laɪsənsɚ]life cycle costslift pumplifting leverlifting lugligand['lɪg(ə)nd]light['lait]light endlightning['laɪtnɪŋ]lightning protectionlignite['lɪgnaɪt]likewise['laikwaiz]limit['lɪmɪt]line symbollinear['liniə]linearly['liniəli]lined pipeliner['lainə]liner structurelining['lainiŋ]linkage['lɪŋkɪdʒ] liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] liquefied['lɪkwɪfaɪd]liquefy['likwifai]liquid penetrantliquor['likə]listless['listlis]liter['li:tə]load-carring capacityloading datalocal hot spotlogistic centrelogistics[ləu'dʒistiks]louver['luːvə]lower['ləuə]lubricant['lu:brikənt]lucent['lju:sənt]luck nutlug platelump[lʌmp]Mmacromolecular[,mækrəuməu'lekjulə] magnesium[mæg'niːzɪəm] magnesium chloridemagnetic[mæg'netɪk] magnetic level gaugemagnetic typemagnitude['mægnɪtjuːd] mainfoldmaintenance['meɪnt(ə)nəns; -tɪn-] majeure[mæ'ʒɜ:]major beammake amends formale facemalfunction[mæl'fʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n maloperation[mæl,ɔpə'reiʃən] mandatory['mændət(ə)rɪ] mandatory requirementmanganese['mæŋgəniːz] manhole['mænhəʊl]manual['mænjʊ(ə)l] manual modemanufacturer[,mænjʊ'fæktʃ(ə)rə(r)] margin['mɑːdʒɪn]marking criterionmarks[ma:rks] marshalling['mɑ:ʃəliŋ]mass balancemass flow metermass transfer coefficientmatching pointmatematical modelingmaterial behaviormaterial requisitionmaterial safety data sheetsmating flangemating surfacematurity[mə'tʃʊərətɪ] maximize mæksɪmaɪz] mechanical[mɪ'kænɪk(ə)l] mechanical integritymechanism['mek(ə)nɪz(ə)m] medium['miːdɪəm] megapascalmelt[melt]membrane['membreɪn] membrane separatormercury['mɝkjəri]mesh[meʃ]mesh sizemetal['met(ə)l]metal wiremetallic[mɪ'tælɪk]metallic conduitmetallic pigmentmetallocene[mi'tæləusi:n] metallurgical[,metə'lɜ:dʒɪkl]meth-[meθ]methane['mɛθen]methyl['mɪθɪl]metric['metrɪk]micro['maɪkrəʊ] microbalance['maɪkrəʊ,bæləns] microhm['maɪkrom] microprocessor[maɪkrə(ʊ)'prəʊsesə] migrate[maɪ'greɪt; 'maɪgreɪt] mil scalemild[maɪld]mild steelmilestone['maɪlstəʊn] millimeter['mɪlə,mitɚ]milling['mɪlɪŋ]mineral['mɪn(ə)r(ə)l]minor['maɪnə]minor componentminor lossminus['maɪnəs] miscellaneous[,mɪsə'leɪnɪəs] miscellaneous [,mɪsə'leɪnɪəs] mitred elbow['maɪtə]mixer['miksə]mobile cranemobile phasemoderate['mɒd(ə)rət] modernize['mɑdɚnaɪz] modifier['mɒdɪfaɪə]modify['mɒdɪfaɪ]modular['mɒdjʊlə]module['mɒdjuːlmoisture['mɒɪstʃə] moisture-proofmolar flowratemolar massmolecular sievemolten['məʊlt(ə)n] molybdenum[mə'lɪbdənəm] momentum[mə'mentəm] monitor['mɒnɪtə] monomer['mɒnəmə] monoxide[mə'nɒksaɪd] mortar['mɔːtə]mother liquormotion switchmotive forcemotor operated valvemount[maʊnt] multiblade。
A-LEVEL化学汇总
AS(1) 同学化学整理BasicInitiation step, propagation step, termination stepAn electrophile is an acceptor of a pair of electron.A nucleophile is a donator of a pair of electron.各个反应类型举例:Addition: C2H4+Br2 ==== C2H4Br2CH2CH2+H2O (steam) ==== C2H5OH (conc. H3PO4)Substitution: CH4+Cl2 ==== CH3Cl+HCl (UV light)(Br2也可以,且条件相同)Hydrolysis: C2H5Br+H2O ==== C2H5OH+HBrOxidation: C2H5OH+ [O] ==== CH3CHO+H2O (acidify K2Cr2O7)C2H5OH +2 [O] ==== CH3COOH+H2O (reflux)Reduction: CH3CHO+ 2[H]===CH3CH2OH(NaBH4/ H2)AlKENEAddition of alkenes: CH2=CH2+H2====CH3CH3 (Ni catalyst) (electrophilic addition) 用于亲电加成的亲电试剂有HX, X2,H2,H2OMechanism of electrophilic addition书上P223分为极性分子的和非极性分子的!!!Oxidation of alkenes:1. Cold dilute acidified Mn (+7) solutionCH2=CH2+H2O+ [O] ====CH2(OH)-CH2(OH)2. Hot, concentrated Mn (+7) solution(CH3)2C=CH2+4 [O] ==== (CH3)2C=O+CO2+H2OH2C=CH2====CO2+CO2RHC=CHR ====RCHO+RCHO====RCOOH+RCOOHR1R2C=CR3R4====R1R2C=O+R3R4C=OHalogenoalkanes:Nucleophilic substitution: CH3CH2Br+OH-====CH3CH2OH+Br- (reflux)CH3CH2Br+CN- (ethanol) ====CH3CH2CN+Br-(reflux)CH3CH2Br+NH3(ethanol) ====CH3CH2NH2+HBr (reflux)Hydrolysis: CH3CH2Br+H2O====CH3CH2OH+H++Br-(reflux)Elimination: CH3CHBrCH3+NaOH (ethanol) ====CH2=CHCH3+H2O+NaBrPrimary halogenoalkanes (S n2)书上P233-234Tertiary halogenoalkanes (S n1)书上P233-234注:Secondary alcohols 既有Sn1又有Sn2.其实在所有醇类中,Sn1和Sn2是两者并存且竞争的. Alcohols and estersPrimary alcohols secondary alcohols tertiary alcohols (阿尔法C上2个H) (阿尔法C上1个H) (阿尔法C上没H) 图见P238Substitution:CH3CH2OH+HCl ==== CH3CH2Cl+H2O (reflux) 或者用NaBr和浓硫酸反应后HBr和醇反应C2H5OH+PCl5 ==== C2H5Cl+HCl+POCl3 (room temperature)Reaction with sodium metalC2H5OH+Na ==== C2H5O-Na++H2Esterification:C2H5OH+CH3C(O)OH ==== CH3C(O)OC2H5+H2O (conc. H2SO4)(heat under reflux)酯的水解Hydrolysis:ReversibleH3C-C(O)-O-CH2CH3+H2O [H+(aq)]←-----→H3C-C(O)-OH+CH3CH2OH (heat under reflux)H3C-C(O)-O-CH2CH3+NaOH ==== H3C-C(O)-O-Na++CH3CH2OH (heat under reflux)(碱性水解的产物为酸性水解的产物再和碱反应)Dehydration/Elimination:C2H5OH ==== CH2=CH2+H2O (Al2O3 catalyst加热/conc. H2SO4)Oxidation:Tertiary alcohol: no reactionSecondary alcohol: H3C-CH(OH)CH3+ [O] ==== H3C-C(O)CH3+H2O (dil. H2SO4 &K2Cr2O7)(Orange to green) Primary alcohol: CH3CH2OH+[O] ==== H3C-CHO+H2OH3C-CHO+[O] ==== H3C-COOH (dil. H2SO4 &K2Cr2O7)(Orange to green) Carbonyl compounds:Reduction (nucleophilic addition):CH3CHO+2[H] ==== CH3CH2OH (NaBH4 /H2)CH3COCH3+2[H] ==== CH3CH(OH)CH3(NaBH4 /H2)Nucleophilic addition with HCN:CH3CH2-CHO+HCN ==== CH3CH2-CH(OH)-CN水解-CN+H++2H20 ==== -COOH+NH4+ (reflux with dil. HCl)也可碱性水解还原-CN+4[H] ==== -CH2NH2(sodium & ethanol)Mechanism of nucleophilic addition:书上P249And to form hydroxynitrile product:书上P249Testing for aldehydes and ketones:Testing for the carbonyl group:Use 2,4-DNPH (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine)A deep-orange precipitate will formDistinguish between aldehydes and ketones: (此两个区分反应都为redox reaction) Testing with Tollen’s reagent:If it is an aldehyde, a bight mirror will formIf it is a ketone, it will remain a colorless mixtureTesting with Fehling’s solution:If it is an aldehyde, the color will change from clear blue to opaque red/orange colorIf it is a ketone, the color will not change.。
A level化学专业词汇
Alevel基础化学常用英语词汇1.The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应 52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物 132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊) 135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141.Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound 二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n 297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction 克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应单分子亲核取代反应 337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction 亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂 356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃 358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团 360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象 362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式 364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式 365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸 368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应 370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能 372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物 374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子 376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
国际高中新生必背化学英文词汇表
国际高中新生必背化学英文词汇表
绝大多数公立高中国际班和私立国际高中从高一开始会采取全英文授课的形式来教授数学、物理、化学和生物这些理科课程。
不少同学虽然理科功底很好,但在国际高中学习一段时间后还是显得非常不适应,纷纷反映听不懂课,导致学校成绩不理想,最终影响了国外大学的申请。
其实,国际高中高一阶段的理科知识难度并不高,很多都是初中知识点,只不过是拿英文重讲了一遍,因此国际高中的小伙伴们只要背诵并熟练掌握英文理科词汇,就完全不用担心听
不懂课的问题了!
为帮助同学们扫清未来学习上的障碍,在国际高中的学习中抢占先机,拔得头筹,为大家汇总了化学的必背词汇表,共计156个,供同学们参考使用~
化学(156个):。
alevel单词
alevel单词一、以字母A开头的单词。
1. abandon.- [əˈbændən] vt. 放弃;遗弃;抛弃。
2. ability.- [əˈbɪləti] n. 能力;才能。
二、以字母B开头的单词。
1. beneficial.- [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj. 有益的;有利的。
2. breathe.- [briːð] vi. 呼吸;vt. 呼吸;使喘息。
三、以字母C开头的单词。
1. calculate.- [ˈkælkjuleɪt] vt. 计算;预测;认为。
2. capable.- [ˈkeɪpəbl] adj. 有能力的;有才干的;容许……的。
四、以字母D开头的单词。
1. dangerous.- [ˈdeɪndʒərəs] adj. 危险的;不安全的。
2. decide.- [dɪˈsaɪd] vt. 决定;解决;判决;vi. 决定,下决心。
五、以字母E开头的单词。
1. economic.- [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk] adj. 经济的;经济学的;合算的。
2. effect.- [ɪˈfekt] n. 影响;效果;作用;vt. 产生;达到目的。
六、以字母F开头的单词。
1. fascinating.- [ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ] adj. 迷人的;吸引人的;使人神魂颠倒的。
2. function.- [ˈfʌŋkʃn] n. 功能;函数;职责;盛大的集会;vi. 运行;活动;行使职责。
七、以字母G开头的单词。
1. generate.- [ˈdʒenəreɪt] vt. 使形成;发生;生殖;产生物理反应。
2. global.- [ˈɡləʊbl] adj. 全球的;总体的;球形的。
八、以字母H开头的单词。
1. habitat.- [ˈhæbɪtæt] n. 栖息地;产地。
2. handle.- [ˈhændl] vt. 处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸;n. 把手;柄;手感;口实。
alevel m1 单词
alevel m1 单词
A Level M1是指英国高中水平的数学课程中的一部分,主要包括一些数学专业课程的内容。
在这门课程中,学生需要掌握一些数学相关的专业术语和单词。
以下是一些与A Level M1课程相关的常见单词:
1. Vector(向量),在数学和物理学中,向量是有大小和方向的量,通常用箭头表示。
2. Matrix(矩阵),矩阵是一个由数字排列成的矩形阵列。
3. Differentiation(微分),微分是求函数导数的过程,用来研究函数的变化率。
4. Integration(积分),积分是微分的逆运算,用来求函数的面积或体积。
5. Trigonometry(三角学),三角学是研究三角形和三角函数的数学分支。
6. Kinematics(运动学),运动学是研究物体运动的数学和物理学分支。
7. Mechanics(力学),力学是研究物体运动和力的科学。
以上是一些与A Level M1课程相关的常见单词,这些单词在课程学习和理解数学概念时都会经常出现。
希望这些信息能够帮助你更好地理解A Level M1课程的内容。
国际学校物理化学高频英文词汇总结(A-Z)
国际学校物理化学高频英文词汇总结(A-Z)Aaccuracy准确性(度)acetic acid乙酸acidity酸性acid酸addition增加、加法air resistance空气阻力allotrope同素异形体angle 角度angular displacement 角位移Anion阴离子antinode波腹area 面积atmospheric pressure 大气压强Atomic number原子序数atom原子attract 吸引average 平均的、平均数Avogadro number 阿伏加德罗常数Bbalance 平衡balanced diet平衡膳食barometer 气压计base碱basicity碱性battery 电池benzene苯bimetallic strip 双金属片boiling point 沸点Boyle’s law 玻意尔定律Brownian motion 布朗运动bubble 气泡、冒泡buoyant force/ buoyancy 浮力Ccalcium hydroxide熟石灰、氢氧化钙calcium oxide生石灰/氧化钙calorie卡路里capacity能力、容量Carbohydrates糖类carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonic acid碳酸carbon碳catalyst催化剂Cation阳离子Celsius Scale 摄氏温标Celsius Scale摄氏温标centimetre / centimeter 厘米centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质心centre 中心centripetal force 向心力changes of state 物态变化Charles’law 查理定律chemical change化学变化chemical energy化学能chemical equation 化学方程式chemical experiments化学实验chemical formula化学式chemical fuel化学燃料chemical property化学性质circular motion 圆周运动citric acid柠檬酸coal 煤collision 碰撞combination reaction化合反应combustion燃烧compound化合物compression 压缩conduction 热传导conductor 导体conservation 守恒、保护constant 常数、恒定的container 容器controlled variable控制变量convection 热对流copper sulfate硫酸铜copper铜Coulomb 库仑crack 破裂、裂缝crystal 晶体、水晶的current 流通、电流Ddecomposition reaction分解反应decrease减少(量)degree度、等级、程度density密度dependent variable 因变量depth深度diameter直径diamond金刚石diffraction衍射diffusion扩散、弥散direct current直流direction方向dispersion色散、散布displacement reaction置换反应distance 距离double-displacement reaction复分解反应EElectron Arrangement电子排布Electron电子element单质energy 能量equilibrium平衡ethanol乙醇evaporate蒸发、挥发evaporation蒸发Ffat脂肪fertilizer肥料field strength场强field 场filtration过滤fire extinguishing灭火first law of thermal dynamics 热力学第一定律flame test焰色反应flux 流量、流出free body diagram受力分析图free electrons自由电子free fall自由下落freezing point 凝固点frequency 频率friction摩擦力fuel 燃料fundamental unit 基本单位Ggalaxy星系gas law气体定律gaseous气态的global warming全球暖化gradient斜率、坡度graphite石墨Hhalf-life半衰期heat热(特指吸收的热量)height高度helium氦hydrochloric acid盐酸hydrogen chloride氯化氢Iideal gas理想气体impulse冲量independent variable自变量inertia惯性infrared红外线input power输入功率Isotope同位素Jjoule焦耳KKelvin Scale开氏温标、绝对温标kilogram千克kilometer 千米kilowatt 千瓦kinematics 运动学kinetic energy 动能kinetic theory of gas气体分子运动论Llactic acid乳酸laser激光latent heat 潜热law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律law定律length 长度lens透镜light year 光年Mmagnesium oxide氧化镁magnetic field磁场magnet磁体、磁铁Mass number质量数mass质量matter 物质mechanical energy机械能mercury barometer水银气压计methane甲烷micrometer screw gauge千分尺、螺旋测微计micrometer微米microscope显微镜microwave微波milliampere(mA)毫安mixture 混合物molecule分子Nnegative负的、负数neutralization reaction中和反应neutral中性的Neutron中子Newton’s laws of motion牛顿运动定律nitric acid硝酸nitrogen 氮气node节点、波结nuclear energy核能nutrient营养素Oohm 欧姆Ohmic conductor欧姆导体orbit轨道organic compounds有机化合物oscillation振荡、振动output power输出功率oxidation reaction氧化反应oxide氧化物oxygen氧气Pparticle粒子、微粒Pascal帕斯卡pendulum摆period 周期phase 相、位相physical change物理变化physical property物理性质potential divider分压器potential energy 势能power功率precision精密度pressure 压强principle 原理proteins蛋白质Proton质子purification提纯Qquantity 量、数量quantum量子Rradiation辐射radio wave无线电波rare gas 稀有气体ray射线、光线relative atomic mass相对原子质量Ssaturated solution饱和溶液scalar标量scale刻度、标度scientific notation科学记数法slope斜率、斜坡sodium hydroxide氢氧化钠solar energy 太阳能solid固体solubility溶解度solution溶液specific heat capacity比热容speed速率spring 弹簧starch淀粉sulfuric acid硫酸Ttemperature scale温标temperature温度tension拉力、张力thermal energy热能thermal equilibrium热平衡thermal expansion热膨胀thermodynamics 热力学thermometer 温度计Uuniform linear motion匀速直线运动unit单位derived unit导出单位unsaturated solution不饱和溶液Vvacuum真空valence化合价vapor/ vapour 水、蒸气vaporization 蒸发、汽化(n.)vaporize蒸发、汽化(v. )variable 变量、可变因素vector 矢量velocity 速度volume fraction体积分数WWatt瓦特wave energy波能、海浪能wave波weight 重力white phosphorous白磷wind energy风能work功。
留学高中化学英语词汇
留学高中化学英语词汇2017年留学高中化学英语词汇化学是一门历史悠久而又富有活力的学科,它的成就是社会文明的重要标志。
下面是店铺整理的高中化学英语词汇,希望能帮到想要店铺的大家!propane:丙烷propanoic acid:丙酸propanol:丙醇propene:丙烯pure substance:纯净物limestone:石灰石linear:直线的lipid:脂质,类脂lithium:锂litmus:石蕊magnesium:镁metalloid:类金属methane:甲烷methanoic acid:甲酸methanol:甲醇monomer:单体neon:氖neutralization:中和nickel:镍nitrate:硝酸盐nitric acid:硝酸nitrogen:氮noble gases:稀有气体oxide:氧化物oxidation agent:氧化剂ozone:臭氧periodic table:元素周期表permanganate:高锰酸petroleum:石油phenolphthalein:酚酞phosphorus:磷planar:平面的platinum:铂polar:极性的polymer:聚合物potassium:钾precipitation:沉淀reactive:活泼的redox:氧化还原reducing agent:还原剂reversible reaction:可逆反应shared paris of electrons:共用电子对silicon:硅sodium:钠solvent:溶剂starch:淀粉sublime:升华sulphate:硫酸盐sulphur:硫sulphuric acid:硫酸suspension:悬浮液tetrahedral:四面体titration:滴定torr:托耳(压强单位)triple bonds:三键van der Waals' force:范德华力volatile:易挥发的zinc:锌acid:酸activated complex:活化络合物activation energy:活化能aggregate:聚合alkali metals:碱金属alkaline earth metals:碱土金属alkane:烷烃alkene:烯烃alkyne:炔烃allotropy:同素异形体alloy:合金aluminum:铝ammonia:氨amorphous:非晶体amphoteric:两性的。
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ch ap ter 1 atomic st ructureelement n.元素all know materi al s ca n be bro ken down in to fundamental sub stances we c all elem ent.我们所知道的所有物质都可以分解成原子。
ato m n.原子ato m is t he smallest p ar tic le o f matter ha vin g all tha t ele ment ’s c harac ter is tic s.原子时具有元素性质的最小粒子。
nucleu s /’nj u:kl iəs,’n uːkli əs/ 原子核e lec tron n.电子prot on 质子 n eut ron 中子compoun d n. 化合物:Wh en two or more elemen ts combine and f orm a compo und, a chem ical change t akes p lace.当两种或两种以上的元素结合形成化合物时, 发生化学变化。
atom nucleus election proton neutron {{(+)(-)化学中的物质分为单质和化合物,大部分元素是以化合物的形式存在的。
ion n.离子:when an atom getorlostelections,itbecomes ion.原子得失电子后形成离子。
cathode n. 阴极(negative electrode)Cathode rays are attracted by apositivecharge.阴极射线被阳电荷所吸引。
anode n. 阳极(positive election)A red wire is oftenattached to the anode.红色电线通常与阳极相联。
particlen. 粒子:Particles include moleculars,atoms, protons, neutrons ,electrons andions.微小粒子包括分子,原子,质子,中子,电子,离子等等。
ionisation n.电离,离子化:We canget some elementary substance byionisation.可以通过电离的方法来制取某些单质。
ionisation energy n.电离能:the energy neededto remove 1mol of electronsfrom 1mol of gaseous atoms.从原子中移走一个电子所需要的能量。
Firstionisation energyn.第一电离能the energy required toremoveone electron fromeach atom in onemole of gaseous atoms iscalled first ionisation energy,∆Hi1(2010年真题)as: Ca(g)→Ca+(g)+e-;∆H i1=+590KJ/molisotope n.同位素:which elementhave same number of protons ,but differentnumber ofneutrons.有相同质子数的元素就是同位素。
shielding effect n.屏蔽效应:electrons in the filledinner shells repel electronsin the outer shell and reduce the effect ofthe positivenuclear ,this is called shielding effect.电子都是带负电荷的所以外层的电子受到内层电子的一个排斥力,这就是屏蔽效应。
chapter2 atoms molecules and stoichiometryRelative massn. 相对质量Theactual mass of an atom is very small (in the range of10-20 kg,for C atomic mass is 1.933×10-20g ).Hencerelative mass(wherethe massof an atom is compared with the massofonereference atom) is used instead.因为原子本身的质量很小,计算使用都很不方便,因此我们采用一个相对质量,用质量和一个标准物质作比较。
relativeatomicmass n.相对原子质量:elative atomic mass isthe mass of an atom relativeto1/12 times themassof carbon-12, relativeatomic mass isa ratio,it has no unit.相对原子质量就是物质的质量与C-12原子的1/12的一个比值。
相对原子质量是一个比值,没有单位。
relativeisotopic mass n. 相对同位素质量relativeisotope mass is the mass ofone atom of theisotope relative to1/12 times the mass of one at om of carbon-12.相对同位素质量就是用同位素的质量和1/12C-12原子的质量相比的一个比值。
relative molecular mass n. 相对分子质量Aswe all know molecularsareall made by atoms so wecangetthe relativemolecularmassby addingup therelative atomic mass ofall theatoms present in the molecule.相对分子质量就是组成分子的各元素的相对原子质量之和。
avogadro’s constant n.阿伏伽德罗常数:Thenumberof atoms inexactly12g of carbon -12is 6.02×1023,the number is called avogadro’s constant.12克C-12所含原子的个数是6.02×1023,这个数就是阿伏伽德罗常数empirical formulae n.实验式:empirical formulae of a compound shows thesimplest wholenumber ratio of theelementpresent.实验式表示的是分子中原子的最简单组成。
molecular formulae n.分子式molecularformulaeshowsthe totalnumber ofatoms ofeach element present in a molecule of thecompound.分子式表示的是分子中原子的组成。
titration 滴定:A titration is a way of measuring quantities of rea ctants.滴定反应是定量测定的一种方法halogen 卤素:在元素周期表中含fluorine氟,chlorine 氯,bromine溴,iodine 碘,astatine砹五种卤素precipitation n.沉淀:itis asolid.是一种固体物质。
两种离子结合后形成一种微溶或不溶物沉淀下来。
dilutevt稀释:addingwater orsomething else to decrease the molari ties.在溶液中加水或加入其它溶剂使溶液浓度变低。
Thewat erwill dilute thewine.水能使酒变淡。
Molarity n.摩尔浓度:themolof the substance divided bythe volume of the solution ,the unit ismol/dm-3.浓度比上体积就得到我们的摩尔浓度,单位是mol/dm-3chapter3化学键ionic bondn.离子键The electrostatic attractionbetween positiveion and negative ion is called ionic bond.正负离子之间的引力成为离子键,如NaClcovalentbond n.共价键A covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared between two atoms.两个原子共用电子形成共价键,如O2metallic bond n.金属键Metallicbondis an attractive forcesbetween thepositiveions and the delocalized electrons.金属键就是金属阳离子和自由电子(离域电子)之间的作用力,它的大小和金属最外层电子数有关,电子数越多,金属键越强。
co-ordinate bond n.配位键In the co-ordinate bond ,one atom provides two electrons thatareshared withanother atom.thus,the donor a tommust have a lonepairof electrons while the acceptor atom musthave an empty orbitaltoaccommodate the electrons.一个原子提供一对电子,另一个原子提供一个空轨道。
hydrogenbond n.氢键Hydrogen bond are usually representedbythree dashes:fluorine, oxygen, nitrogenand itis a very strong dipole-dipole attraction.Such as in water:the oxygen atomshave lone pairsof electrons,thehydrogenatom has almost lost both the shared electronsto the oxygen to which it is covalent ly bondedandthisleaves it almost bare of electron.实际上氢键也是一种静电引力,形成氢键的分子中必须带有孤电子对,电负性很大,而且原子半径很小(如N,F,O)。