跨境电商外文文献综述

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《跨境电子商务物流发展探析国内外文献综述3000字》

跨境电子商务物流发展研究国内外文献综述1.国外研究现状在国外，针对跨境电子商务物流发展，很多学者从一些现状入手，分析了当前部分企业的成功经验。

这些，不仅对于国外的跨境电商企业拥有积极意义，也可以充分为我国企业借鉴。

Hamoene（2012）认为，从全球范围来看，跨境电商企业物流发展最为发达的是美国，全球排名最靠前的四大快递巨头FEDEX、UPS、DHL、TNT，都为跨境电商企业提供服务，让其产品可以顺利达到用户手中。

其中FEDEX、UPS更是在全球范围内，凭借其独特的网络优势让跨境电商企业的便捷优势最大程度得到发挥。

Oledae（2013）同时认为，美国的跨境电商企业除了拥有良好的经济环境，有数量巨大的速递物流企业为其提供服务之外，其更是因为有先进的电子商务行业发展经验之外，同美国的速递物流企业在长期的发展中形成了彼此相互合作的独特的发展策略，从而让跨境电商企业逐步打造了自身的物流管理竞争优势。

Caline（2013）认为，成功的跨境电商企业巨头均在全球建设有完整的国际物流服务网络，基本覆盖世界200个国家和地区。

同时，这类企业的物流网络运转效率高效，其在全球配送时限基本控制在三至四个工作日，即使是相对比较偏远的地区，跨境电商企业的物流也能确保尽量在一周之内送达客户所购买的商品。

跨境电商企业正是因为拥有如此高效的全球物流网络，才获得了高速的发展。

同时，跨境电商企业的物流网络构建之所以如此成功，还得益于跨境电商企业对全球各地经济、文化的良好吸收和掌握。

同时，大多数跨境电商企业拥有快递集散网络也是让跨境电商企业可以控制自身的物流成本，同时提升了物流管理效率。

JameKarlan（2013）认为，国外跨境电商企业之所以在物流管理方面竞争优势明显，主要是因为其可以通过不断完善起来先进技术、管理理念、管理工具来强化自身的物流管理体系。

同时，这些跨境电商企业还因为拥有一批高素质的员工队伍，使自己的物流系统高效运转，在保证了成本可控的同时，单位跨境电商企业物流成本逐步下降。

跨境电商文献综述

跨境电商文献综述作者：高晗来源：《大经贸》2018年第02期在跨境电子商务概念方面的研究，有关学者认为跨境电子商务是指不同国家、不同关境、不同区域的交易主体，通过电商的网络平台实现交易、完成跨国结算，并使用跨国境物流运送商品、完成整个交易流程的一种国际贸易活动。

武裙（2009）认为跨境电子商务的主要特点是能够使国际贸易的流程更加完善，比如使国际贸易中的商品信息传递更加快速便捷、贸易的谈判磋商更加顺利、贸易合同的签巧更加规范统一、外贸单证的处理程序更加简单快捷、贸易合同的履行更加正规合法等。

他认为榜境电子商务的这些特点能够促进众多的中国中小企业更加公平的参与到国际贸易中。

李子和杨坚争（2014）主要研究了跨境电子商务与进出口贸易之间的相关关系。

他们的研究结果表明跨境电子商务能够与进出口贸易形成长期的均衡关系，跨境电子商务的发展能够促进进出口贸易的增加，而且两者之间存在明显的正相关关系。

针对跨境电商的相关研究，国外的学者和机构主要的研究焦点集中在跨境电商的发展现状、跨境电商对传统国际贸易的影响、跨境电商物流配送方式等方面。

Wang Ying，Sang Dayong（2005）提出了发展跨境电子商务第三方跨境物流的观念。

Blum（2006）、Hortaçsu （2009）、Lendle（2012）认为跨境电商能够拉近消费者距离，利于缩短交易主体的地理空间距离。

也有从影响跨境电子商务效率的要素角度加以研究的Nuray Terzia（2011）认为跨境电子商务产业的快速发展不仅可以提升本国的贸易量，从长远来看，也将有利于促进世界上经济欠发达地区的经济发展。

Abbas Asosheh，Hadi Shahidi-Nejad，Hourieh Khodkari（2012）认为要使跨境电子商务运作的更加本土化，就必须化零为整，整合国际贸易供应链上的各种资源，为海外客户提供更好地跨境物流服务，同时可以借鉴国内B2B电子商务运作的经验。

【《跨境电商的物流监管问题研究的国内外文献综述》3700字】

跨境电商的物流监管问题研究的国内外文献综述目录跨境电商的物流监管问题研究的国内外文献综述 (1)（一）国外相关研究的文献综述 (1)（二）国内相关研究的文献综述 (1)1．跨境电商研究 (1)2.跨境电商物流研究 (2)3.跨境电商物流海关监管研究 (3)（三）对已有文献综述的简单评述 (3)参考文献 (4)2015，36(1)． (5)（一）国外相关研究的文献综述Nuray Terzia(2011)的研究成果显示，电子商务发展势必会提升该国的国际贸易量，并且互联网的发展会使这个趋势越来越大，那么对于发展中国家来说，是一个非常好的机遇，而我国正是世界上最大的发展中国家，应该要抓住机遇。

Haul Lee，Seungjin Whang(2001)认为末端配送是电商配送中最重要的环节，物流配送则是贯穿于整个跨境电商交易的神经网络末梢，贯穿于整个交易的过程。

Markku 和Moiris(2005)则对我国跨境物流电商及其相关物流服务模式的发展趋势分析进行了深入研究。

Martens 和Turlea(2012)则在对我国消费者实际消费行为数据分析进行深入统计分析的理论基础之上，从多个不同方面，包括交易成本，支付，物流等角度来进一步充分说明我国跨境商品电商快速发展的根本原因，并且他们也认为我们国家相关政府部门尤其应该一定要积极地研究完善我国跨境商品电商的相关法律法规，特别是国家海关总署作为我国跨境商品电商的唯一监管监督机关，在跨境基础配套设施体系建设以及通关等各个方面更重要，要不断加大政策投入，提高跨境通关管理效率，促进我国跨境商品电商的健康发展。

（二）国内相关研究的文献综述1．跨境电商研究国内相关学者在深入研究我国跨境企业电商同时更加强调跨境电商电子物流的技术重要性，对我国跨境企业电商物流问题有很多相关的课题研究，海关系统对我国跨境企业电商电子物流更加高度关注，国内的相关学者对此问题有很多相关的课题研究。

王刊良(2002)在《电子商务模式分析与方法创新》在关于电商的发展的模式，提出了不同的建议，并且结合网络经济电商的概念和分类的基础之上，创造性的分析出静态和动态两种模式相关的概念。

《跨境电子商务对产业转型升级的影响研究国内外文献综述》3800字

跨境电子商务对产业转型升级的影响研究国内外文献综述目录跨境电子商务对产业转型升级的影响研究国内外文献综述 (1)1国内研究现状 (1)a.跨境电子商务背景下转型升级文献综述 (1)b.产业转型文献综述 (2)c.数字贸易背景下产业转型升级文献综述 (2)2国外研究现状 (3)a.跨境电子商务背景下转型升级文献综述 (3)b.数字贸易背景下文献综述 (3)3文献述评 (4)参考文献 (4)1国内研究现状a.跨境电子商务背景下转型升级文献综述吴远仁(2019)着重分析了跨境电子商务促进泉州外贸企业转型升级的机理，运用迈克尔·波特的竞争优势理论，结合泉州外贸的特点，对泉州外贸企业借助跨境电商实现转型升级提出，采用差异化和集中化竞争策略、完善公共服务体系和电商人才培养机制等，促进外贸企业转型升级相应的策略建议[1]。

李海群,冯梦瑶,秦道均(2019)针对全球跨境电子商务平台的发展，让中小型外贸企业不再对进出口贸易望而却步的现象，得出跨境电子商务为中小型企业带来了历史性的机遇，推动了传统外贸企业的结构优化[2]。

李典徽, 王静, 张言(2017)针对河北省外贸企业跨境电子商务应用现状数据的展示分析,分析河北省外贸企业发展跨境电子商务过程中面临的问题,探索与构建利用跨境电子商务实现外贸转型升级的模式,并在此基础上提出完善河北省跨境电子商务相关政策措施,从而促进河北省跨境电子商务快速健康发展[3]。

吴铭英(2018)通过调查分析广西区内中小型外贸企业跨境电商发展现状的基础上，指出其存在转型方向、贸易方式、消费者需求把握等方面问题，并且为了促进区内中小型外贸企业跨境电商的发展，给出了积极的发展转型策略[4]。

郑玉婷,张梅菊(2019)针对电子商务成为拉动经济增长和推动区域产业结构转型升级的重要动力进行分析。

以宿州市砀山县为例,探讨砀山电子商务的发展,指出产业结构存在的问题,进而研究和分析砀山县电子商务发展对产业结构升级的助力作用[5]。

跨境经济合作文献综述

（一）沿边跨境经济合作的理论基础研究20世界八九十年代兴起的新经济地理学为跨境经济合作区的建立提供了理论基础，这其中以Krugman为代表。

在新经济地理学有两个结论对于边境区位的研究有着重要的作用“.1、贸易自由化和经济一体化降低了国际贸易成本并减弱了边界对劳动力、资本等生产要素自由流动的影响，在国际水平上改变了向心力和离心力的平衡，从而改变国家间的人口、经济活动的分布。

2、开放边界条件下的贸易自由化，使公司国际市场的供应和销售更为重要，这将影响国家水平上的向心力和离心力的平衡，进而改变国家内部人口、经济活动的分布。

Mcca llum（1995）首次提出“边境效应”（border effect）的说法，主要是用来分析说明边界对贸易的影响程度。

利用引力模型分析1985-1990年间加拿大国内贸易与美加跨境贸易量，发现具有较强的贸易屏蔽作用。

B. Martin RVanders Velde（1998）提出由于边界具有多面性，因此边界所产生的效应也是不尽相同的，他认为边界的类型及边界区域的划分是由经济、文化及区域特色决定的，他还细致地分析了边境地区劳动力市场的状况。

Livas（1996）和Fujita（1999）认为在封闭的边界经济体中，经济活动的区位指向是内向的，而在开放边界的经济体中，区位指向是外向的1。

”Hanson（1996）认为从新经济地理学可以推导出贸易自由化和经济一体化对边境地区是有利的，因为贸易自由化和经济一体化有将边境区从国内的边缘区转变成大尺度区域共同市场的中心区的倾向，称为“中心边境区”（entral Border Region）转化2。

Minghi（1983）发现根据新经济地理学理论可以推导出贸易自由化和经济一体化有助于跨境地区的经济发展的结论。

李铁立（2005）认为传统区位理论、增长极理论和新经济地理理论是研究跨边界经济合作的理论前提。

姜永铭（2009）认为区域空间相互作用理论、区域空间结构理论和跨国区域治理理论，是跨境经济合作的三种基础理论。

跨境电商平台历史发展的文献综述

跨境电商平台历史发展的文献综述摘要：跨境B2C模式作为跨境电商的一种新兴模式，以其低成本的优势吸引了诸多企业争相探索，发展形势良好。

通过文献检索发现国内目前相关理论研究多集中在发展现状、平台和物流方面。

关键词：跨境B2C；“四维驱动”；“客转化率”研究背景及意义在全球经济增速放缓的大背景下，跨境电商却逆势而上，成为当今时代的一大热点话题。

1999年，UNCTAD（联合国贸易和发展会议）就曾强调电子商务有成为全球经济引擎的潜力。

近年来，中国采取“综试区+试点城市”齐头并进的政策，加码催生了跨境电商行业大发展。

根据UNCTAD《2015 Information Economy Report》，电子商务在过去10年间获得了快速的发展并且今后也将持续增长。

2016年《电子商务“十三五”发展规划》提出“促进跨境电子商务发展，增强国际合作”，我国电子商务获得了长足的发展。

商务部海关统计数据显示中国出口跨境电子商务市场交易规模：2012年约为1.86万亿元，2013年突破了2.7万亿元，2014年更是约为3.57万亿元，2015年跨境电商进出口交易额达到了4.5万亿元，同比增长了26.05%，2016增至5.5万亿元，同比增幅达到33%和25%，17年增至6.3万亿元。

跨境电商发展主要包括B2B和B2C模式。

从国内市场看，B2B跨境电商订量级大、且稳定，可以有效解决商业效率问题，在未来很长一段时间，B2B模式在整个跨境电商行业将占据主导地位但会逐渐下降。

而B2C模式由于小批量、多批次、周期短的外贸订单的存在，使得市场份额逐年上涨。

在跨境电商发展形势大好的条件下，诸多传统外贸企业以及进入跨境电商行业的新秀都想在该领域分一杯羹。

与逐渐成熟的跨境B2B模式相比，B2C模式运营公司则迫不及待的需要去分析运营模式的发展问题，以以便进一步促进企业发展。

研究方法在本次调研中，小组主要应用了以下研究方法，如表 0-1所示表 0-1 研究方法总结表理论综述客户转化率概述客户转化率是网络营销中最主要的效果评估。

《中小企业跨境电商发展探析国内外文献综述2100字》

中小企业跨境电商发展研究国内外文献综述目录中小企业跨境电商发展研究国内外文献综述 (1)一、国外文献综述 (1)二、国内研究文献综述 (1)一、国外文献综述Epstein (2005)在前人理论基础上，成功概括出影响企业电子商务发展的四个影响因素:企业领导、电商战略、企业结构以及电商系统，并且他把电子商务系统形象的比喻成一个程序流程，从数据输入到处理，从结果输出到显示，生动的阐明了电子商务成功的机制，继而归纳出电子商务的成功影响因素。

Pather(2006)对一家处于南非的从事外贸电商的中型企业进行研究，以其多年来经营经历当做案例来分析，构建出电子商务市场的四个虚拟维度:信息、营销、交流以及交易，确定了考核企业成功开展电子商务的初级指标体系。

Li(2006)以中美企业为研究对象，从理论上分析了中美企业电子商务的关键成功因素，结果表明两国企业都认为信息化技术、企业战略规划、物流体系、营销手段和优质服务是最重要的几个影响因素，并且指出美国企业与中国企业重视方面的差异，美国企业比较看重企业领导支持和客户反馈而中国企业并不看重这些。

Abodlmotalleb Rezaei(2007)运用多元回归分析方法对伊朗132个中小企业做了实证分析，研究结果表明信息部门结构、管理者的支持、管理方式、科技知识、共同目标、资源配置和基础设施是电子商务系统成功实施的七个影响因素。

Sherah Kurnia等(2009]以马来西亚100多家中小企业作为研究对象,通过设计调查问卷和因子分析的方式对采集数据进行处理，得出组织准备、行业基础、国家支持和环境压力是最影响电子商务成功的关键因素。

二、国内研究文献综述李静(2011)认为我国在信息化基础设施方面还存在很多不足，与欧美发达国家相比还有不小差距。

她指出当前我国互联网技术还比较落后，宽带费用较高，网速较慢，这些问题都阻碍了电子商务在对外贸易中重要性的进一步提高。

张杨、王栋(2012主要研究我国跨境电商在信息安全方面的问题，他们认为这些风险的根源是我国落后的信息基础建设，信息安全维护的不足使得信用和交易风险被放大。

电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述及外文文献资料

本份文档包含：关于该选题的外文文献、文献综述一、外文文献文献信息标题: E-Commerce in India作者: Saini, Babita期刊: The International Journal of Business & Management卷: 2；；期: 2；页: 1-5；年份: 2014E-Commerce in IndiaAbstractE-commerce stands for electronic commerce and pertains to trading in goods and services through the electronic medium. B2B, B2C, C2C and similar opportunity help consumer preferences and consumer markets developing electronic- infrastructure for challenges of the future. E-commerce has revolutionized business, changing the shape of competition with internet (The NET) ,the computer communication network creating a e-commerce market place for consumers and business . Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a "disruptive" innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. Ecommerce is showing tremendous business growth in our country. Increasing internet users have added to its growth. The present study has been undertaken to describe the present status and facilitators of E-Commerce in India . And to analyze the present trends of E-Commerce in India and examine the barriers of E-Commerce in India. This paper examines different opportunities of e-commerce viz., E-business, E-learning, It raises key challenges that are being faced by consumers relating to e-commerce .Now-a-days, the practice of E-Commerce has been dramatically changed, particularly in last five years . Therefore, E-Commerce form of marketing is a process or a modern technique used by business firms, companies, and industries for doing their business work through the e-net system.Keywords: Electronic Commerce, E-net, E-business1. IntroductionE-Commerce stands for electronic commerce. It means dealing in goods and services through the electronic media and internet. On the internet, it relates to a website of the vendor, who sells products or services directly to the customer from the portal using a digital shopping cart or digital shopping basket system and allows payment through credit card, debit card or EFT (Electronic fund transfer) payments. E-commerce or E-business involves carrying on a business with the help of the internet and by using the information technology like Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). More simply put, E-Commerce is the movement of business onto the World Wide Web. E-Commerce has almost overnight become the dominant online activity. There is no single definition of E- Commerce, it means only commercial activity which is performed or linked to or supported by Electronic Communication. The effects of e-commerce are already appearing in all areas of business, from customer service to new product design.2. What Is E-Commerce?Electronic commerce or e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services. It also pertains to "any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather by physical exchanges or direct physical contact. E-commerce is usually associated with buying and selling over the Internet, or conducting any transaction involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or services through a computer-mediated network.3. The objectives of the StudyThe objectives of the present study are:* To describe the present status and facilitators of E-Commerce in India;* To analyse the present trends of E-Commerce in India;* To examine the barriers of E-Commerce in India.4. Reasons Behind the Growth of E -Commerce* Busy LifestyleThe lifestyle of people is so busy that they are unable to go to the crowded markets every time for shopping. The customers prefer to shop in a relaxed environment at their own convenience.* High Disposable IncomeWith growing job opportunities the income sources have also increased. Because of high spending power, customers are willingly able to pay for the products online.* Awareness of ProductsPeople are much more aware nowadays regarding thep roducts available in the markets. They are quite aware about new products, product features, availability, price etc. through the help of media like television, radio, newspaper etc. Because of these reasons they feel confident while shopping online.* Rising Computer Educational LevelDue to the efforts of Government and Private Educational Institutions in India, computer education is getting new horizons. People are much more aware regarding the tools and techniques of computers. Not only students of urban areas, students of rural areas, housewives and business persons are also attracted towards the advance technologies of computer like e - commerce and e- business. With the development of educational standards there is automatically a great demand to buy and use new products.* Increased Usage of Internet -Withmore than 100 million Internet users, the country is beginning to achieve a critical mass of users who are familiar with we services. In addition, over the past few years, relatively sophisticated online travel laments ("OTAs"), such as Make My Trip - which started turning these initial Webusers into Web consumers - have dominated Indian e-commerce. Saves Money -One another reason for adapting e- Commerce and online shopping technology is that the unwanted expenditure of petrol, parking and toll etc. is considerably reduced.* Easy to Find the Review of Products -It is quite easy to find the review of products by the help of online shopping. E-commerce has made it simpler to get information regarding the product and the customers can purchase the products after getting reviews and feedback of the product.5. Importance and Uses of E. Commerce* Exploitation of New BusinessBroadly speaking, electronic commerce emphasizes the generation and exploitation of new .business opportunities and to use popular phrases: "generate business value" or "do more with less".* Enabling the CustomersElectronic Commerce is enabling the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made, how products are made and how services are delivered (movement from a slow order fulfillment process with little understanding of what is taking place inside the firm, to a faster and rt1ore open process with customers having greater control.* Improvement of Business TransactionElectronic Commerce endeavors to improve the execution of business transaction over various networks.* Effective PerformanceIt leads to more effective performance i.e. better quality, greater customer satisfaction and better corporate decision making.* Greater Economic EfficiencyWe may achieve greater economic efficiency (lower cost) and more rapid exchange (high speed, accelerated, or real-time interaction) with the help of electronic commerce.* Execution of InformationIt enables the execution of information-laden transactions between two ore more parties using inter connected networks. These networks can be a combination of "plain old telephone system' (POTS), Cable TV, leased lines and wireless. Information based transactions are creating new ways of doing business and even new types of business.* Incorporating TransactionElectronic Commerce also incol 1'orates transaction management, which organizes, routes, processes and tracks transactions. It also includes consumers making electronic payments and funds transfers* Increasing of RevenueThe firm uses technology to either lower operating costs or increase revenue. Electronic Commerce has the Potential to increase revenue by creating new markets for old products, creating new information-based products, and establishing new service delivery channels to better serve and interact with customers. The transaction management aspect of electronic commerce can also enable firms to reduce operating costs by enabling better coordination in the sales, production and distribution processes and to consolidate operations arid reduce overhead.* Reduction of Friction, ElectronicCommerce research and its associated implementations is to reduce the "friction" in online transactions frictions is often described in economics as a transaction cost. It can arise from inefficient market structures and inefficient combinations of the technological activities required to make a transaction. Ultimately, the reduction of friction in online commerce will enable smoother transaction between buyers, intermediaries and sellers.* Facilitating of Network FormElectronic Commerce is also impacting business .to business interactions. It facilitates the network form of organization where small, flexible firms rely on another partner, companies for component supplies and product distribution to meet changing customer demand more effectively. Hence, an end to end relationship management solution is a desirable goal that is needed to manage the chain of networks linking customers, workers, suppliers, distributors and even competitors. The management of "online transactions" in the supply chain assumes a central roll.* Facilitating for Organizational ModelIt is facilitating an organizational model that is fundamentally different from the past. It is a control organization to the information based organization. The emerging forms of techno-organizational structure involve changes in managerial responsibilities, communication and information flows and work group structures .6. Opportunities for E-CommerceYoung Jun Choi1, Chung Suk Suh(2005) reported that the development of the internetin the 20th century led to the birth of an electronic marketplace or it is called e-marketplace, which is now a kernel of electronic commerce (e-commerce). An e- marketplace provides a virtual space where sellers and buyers trade with each other as in the traditional marketplace. Various kinds of economic transactions and buying and selling of goods and services, as well as exchanges of information, take place in e- marketplaces. E-marketplaces have become an alternative place for trading. Finally, an e-marketplace can serve as an information agent that provides buyers and sellers with information on products and other participants in the market. These features have been reshaping the economy by affecting the behavior of buyers and sellers. E-businesses E-business affects the whole business and the value chains in which it operates. It enables a much more integrated level of collaboration between the different components of a value chain than ever before. Adopting e-Business also allows companies to reduce costs and improve customer response time. Organizations that transform their business practices stand to benefit immensely from innumerable new possibilities brought about by technology (/sectors/task-forces/e-business/e-business.htm). E-commerce as anything that involves an online transaction. This can range from ordering online, through online delivery of paid content, to financial transactions such as movement of money between bank accounts. One area where there are some positive indications of e-commerce is financial services. Online stock trading saw sustained growth throughout the period of broadband diffusion. E-shopping is available to all these who use a computer. Over the past year , ebay India, Indiatimes have seen a rapid growth in categories such as mobile handsets, jewellery, fashion apparel, books, gift items and other items.7. Challenges for E CommerceInternet based e-commerce has besides, great advantages, posed many threats because of its being what is popularly called faceless and borderless. Some examples of ethical issues that have emerged as a result of electronic commerce. All of the following examples are both ethical issues and issues that are uniquely related to electronic commerce. Ethical issues: Jackie Gilbert Bette Ann Stead (2001),reported thefollowing ethical issues related to e-commerce.* PrivacyPrivacy has been and continues to be a significant issue of concern for both current and prospective electronic commerce customers. With regard to web interactions and e- commerce the following dimensions are most salient: (1) Privacy consists of not being interfered with, having the power to exclude; individual Privacy is a moral right.(2) Privacy is "a desirable condition with respect to possession of information by other persons about him/herself on the observation/perceiving of him/herself by other persons"* Security ConcernsIn addition to privacy concerns, other ethical issues are involved with electronic commerce. The Internet offers unprecedented ease of access to a vast array of goods and services. The rapidly expanding arena of "click and mortar" and the largely unregulated cyberspace medium have however prompted concerns about both privacy and data security.* Other Ethical IssuesManufacturers Competing with Intermediaries Online "Disintermediation," a means eliminating the intermediary such as retailers, wholesalers, outside sales reps by setting up a Website to sell directly to customers. Disintermediations include (1) music being downloaded directly from producers (2) authors distributing their work from their own Web sites or through writer co-operatives.8. Advantages of E-CommerceE-commerce provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. People can buy goods with a click of mouseButton without moving out of their house or office. Similarly online services such as banking, ticketing (including airlines, bus, railways), bill payments, hotel booking etc. have beenof tremendous benefit for the customers. The Indian e-commerce portals also provide goods and services in a variety of categories like apparel and accessories for men andwomen, health and beauty products, books and magazines, computer and peripherals, vehicles, software, consumer electronics, household appliances, jewelry, audio and videos, entertainment, goods, gift articles, real estate and services.9. Facilitators of E-Commerce in India9.1. Information DirectoriesPortals like / and / maintain directories giving trade details on almost any topic, whether it is from apparel to toys, from gems to heavy machinery, or form food to employment. The products and services are listed with appropriate sub-headings to make it easy for a serious information-seeker to find what he wants. Some other similar sites are /, / and /. Allied services provided by them are message boards, chat rooms, forums, etc.9.2. Banks* Net banking/phone banking: This is an online banking facility available for savings account holders as well as current account holders. Some of the special Net banking services are: Demat accounts for sale/purchase of stocks and shares, Foreign Exchange services, Direct/Instant payment of bills on the account-holder's behalf, Financial Planning etc.* Credit/Debit Cards- Banks facilitate E-commerce by providing the most vital trade instrument, namely the Credit or Debit Card, without which E-commerce would be impossible. Some of the major Indian players in these fields are: /, / and .10. Presents Trends of E-Commerce in IndiaIndia is developing rapidly and if development is to be measured, how can we ignore the role of ecommerce in it. The internet user base in India might still be a mere 100 million which is much less when compared to its penetration in the US or UK but it's surely expanding at an alarming rate. The number of new entrants in this sphere is escalating daily and with growth rate reaching its zenith; it can be presumed that in years to come, customary retailers will feel the need to switch to online business.Insights into increasing demand for broadband services, rising standards of living, availability of wider product ranges, reduced prices and busy lifestyles reveal this fact more prominently thereby giving way to online deals on gift vouchers. Going by the statistics, According to a statement released by the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), the ecommerce market was expected to touch Rs 46520 crore turnover marks in 2011. The table-1 shows market size of different verticals of ecommerce industry since 2007 to 2011. The growth in ecommerce business clearly implies the growing number of internet users .The online purchases are limited to certain categories like gaming subscription, food delivery, online classifieds, buying movie tickets, travel related purchases and electronics items etc. The growth in ecommerce industry is primarily driven by online travel industry which has contributed 80 % (Rs 25298 crore) in 2010 and expected to touch 81 % (Rs 37890 Crore) in 2011 of total ecommerce market and is building user confidence. The online travel industry includes sale of domestic air travel, international travel, hotel bookings, railway tickets, bus tickets, tour packages and travel insurance etc.11. Single Product E-CommerceSome Indian portals/websites deal in a specialized field, for example* In Automobiles, the portals are / and /, on these sites we can buy and sell four-wheelers and two-wheelers, new as well as used vehicles, online. Some of the services they provide are; car research and reviews, online evaluation, technical specifications, vehicle insurance, vehicle finance, dealer locator etc.* In Stock and Shares Markets some of the sites are /, /. Some of the services offered to registered members are; Online buying/dealing of stocks and shares, market analysis and research, company information, comparison of companies, research on equity and mutual funds, tracking market trends etc.* In Real Estate, the portals like / facilitate online dealing in real estate. They offer either outright purchase or lease of a property through their portal. They provide information on new properties as well as for resale.One can deal directly with developers/builders or through consultant/brokers. Some of the allied services are housing finance, insurance companies, architects &interior designers, property management consultant services etc.* In Travel and Tourism industry, India has a rich history and heritage and e-commerce is instrumental, to a large extent, in selling India as a product, encouraging Indians as well as foreigners to see its multifaceted culture and beauty. A major Government of India portal, / has a vast variety of information for a potential tourist. The tourist destination sites are categorized according to themes like: eco-themes pertains to jungles, flora and fauna, beaches of India, architectural attractions, forts and places, hill resorts, adventure-trekking, mountain climbing etc. Allied services offered are passport and visa, travel &accommodation information, weather information, festival &fair dates, shopping, tour operators and more. There are also sites that highlight the tourist destinations of a specific region in India, like /, which covers North East India.* In Gift Items: In the bygone days, one had to plan what to gift a loved one, trudge across to your favorite shop, and browse for hours before purchasing a gift. Today there are specific Indian websites making the act of gifting quick and easy to suit ones lifestyle. One such site is httpV/www.indiangiftsportal.conV. The gifts are categorized as collectibles like paintings and sculptures, toys &games, chocolates, flowers, wood-craft &metal craft, luxury items like leather goods, perfumes, jewelry boxes, etc.* Hobbies: The most popular hobbies from time immemorial are reading, music and films. On the India website / one can buy more than 300000 titles of books, cassettes, VCDs and DVDs. The books cover a wide range of topics like business, art, cookery, engineering, children's stories, health, medicine etc. As for music and videos, they are available in English as well as in Indian languages to cater to the varied tastes and the topics range from devotional songs, old-time favorites and retro and jazz to the latest pop, rap etc.* Matrimony: It is said that marriage is made in heaven, but in the world ofe-commerce they are made on marriage portals like / and /. One can search for a suitable match on the websites by region of residence (India or abroad), religion or caste. Once registered with them, they have e-mail facility and chat rooms too, so that the couple gets to know more about each other before making the biggest decision of their lives. Allied services for registered are astrological services, information on customs and rituals, legal issues, health and beauty etc.* In the field of employment two major portals like and are instrumental in providing job seekers with suitable employment at the click of a mouse. They have directories categorized under headings employers and job-seekers. The service for job seekers is free and for employment they charge a nominal fee. Jobs are available online in fields, ranging from secretarial to software development, and from real estate to education.12. Present Scenario and Statistics of EcommerceIt has been estimated that the worldwide E-Commerce market will exceed $46 billion in consumer transactions by the year 2001 (courtesy IDC) and 15% of all WWW users have used it to purchase a product or service online (courtesy CommerceNet/Nielsen Media). The Figure below illustrates the statistics of some of these market predictions. * In 2011 E-Retailing industry was Rs crore 3600.* The number of transaction presently in India is 10 million, which is expected to increase by 38 million by 2015.* Currently the Estimated number of internet user in India is 376 million by 2015.* In 2011 Ecommerce Ventures Raised Around -1622.6 crore of private* Retailer giant Macy's and some other began shipping to India.* In 2012 Amazon entered into India with .* In 2011 growth in online sale of Tesco recorded was 15.2%.* Retail in India is tiny in comparison to $550 billion market which is unorganized.* 12 of ACCEL's 38 investments are e-commerce.* No. of employee in FLIPKART is 3500, this number is 800 at Share of E-commerce industry wise* Travel- 51%* E-Retailing-40%* Cothiers-09%13. ConclusionE-commerce creates new opportunities for business; it also creates new opportunities for education and academics. It appears that there is tremendous potential for providing e-business education. Initially, new Internet users would be reluctant to conduct any kind of business online, citing security reasons as their main concern. In order to increase consumer adoption of e-services, the sources of consumer confusion, apprehension and risk need to be identified, understood and alleviated. E-commerce provides tremendous opportunities in different areas but it requires careful application for consumer protection issues. Growth of e- commerce would also depend to a great extent on effective IT security systems for which necessary technological and legal provisions need to be put in place and strengthened constantly. E-Commerce is the future of shopping. With the deployment of 3 G and 4G wireless communication technologies, the internet economy will continue to grow robustly. In the next 3 to 5 years, India will have 30 to 70 million internet users which will equal, if not surpass, many of the developed countries.二、文献综述电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述摘要本文对电子商务、贸易中介与国际贸易三者间的相互关系进行了梳理，所涉及的文献研究表明，电子商务时代，贸易中介在国际贸易中扮演的角色逐渐发生变化，中介的商品转卖和信息匹配功能优势逐渐丧失，而规模经济、范围经济、降低产品不确定性、资源整合等功能日益突出。

部分关于网店的中英文文献综述

网络商店的研究是从上世纪90年代开始，经过近年来的发展，已经成为网络时代一种新兴产业，凭借其便捷、时尚的特点吸引着越来越多的用户，抢占了现实市场交易中的相当大的份额，并呈现出蓬勃发展、愈演愈烈之势。

网上商店具有很多新奇特性，这使其充满生命力，成为传统购物的强有力的挑战者，将有可能引发第三次商业革命。

对网店的研究，国内外专家和学者主要是从以下三个方面进行的：（1）网络购物行为相关理论在网络消费行为方面的研究有：Case，Burns 和 Dick(2001)通过对 425 个美国本科生与 MBA 学生的网络调查表明，“网络知识、收入及教育水平是大学生网络购买的强力预测指标”，试图识别出网络购物态度与行为的影响因素。

Li 和Zhang(2002)从网络购物行为和网络购物态度两方面研究考查消费者的网络消费行为，指出网络购物行为是指消费者利用网络购买产品与服务的过程，该过程与传统购物行为相似。

众多学者提出的很多用来解释和预测消费者网上购物的行为的理论和模型，他们大多基于依据理性行为理论、计划行为理论、创新扩散理论、技术接受模型和信息强化模型等理论构建模型。

美国学者Ajzen和Fishbein于1975年提出了理性行为理论（Theory of Reasoned Action；TRA），主要用来解释或预测个人的决策行为。

该理论在营销和信息系统研究中得到了广泛的应用，Eleanor T. Loiacono，RichardT. Watson，and Dale L.Goodhue(2007)指出该理论主张行为主体先对某特定行为的后果作出评价，然后才产生相应的行为意向，而诸如性格特征、性别、年龄、社会地位等因素也只能通过影响行为态度、主管规范或是他们的相对权重，从而间接决定行为主体的行为。

Sheppard 等人通过研究发现，当在非完全理性控制情况时，人们的意愿将不能完全决定其行为，此时，TRA 理论则不能解释此现象。

电子商务外文文献

电子商务外文文献Title: E-commerce: A Review of the Literature and Perspectives for Future ResearchE-commerce, or electronic commerce, has become a fundamental aspect of business and economic activity in the globalized digital age. The交易研究领域的一个重要组成部分。

在这个日益数字化的时代，电子商务已经成为全球商业和经济活动的一个重要组成部分。

本文旨在回顾和分析电子商务领域的研究现状，探讨未来可能的研究方向和挑战。

The literature on e-commerce has been extensive, covering a range of topics from online retailing to global supply chain management. The Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO) and Journal of Electronic Commerce Research (JECR) are two of the leading journals in the field, publishing high-quality research on various aspects ofe-commerce. Additionally, several books and conference proceedings provide valuable insights into the development and evolution of e-commerce.E-commerce research has examined the impact of technology on business processes, explored innovative business models, andanalyzed the role of e-commerce in global trade and development. The literature has addressed a range of important issues, including security and privacy, electronic payment systems, and the impact of social media on e-commerce.Despite the significant progress made in e-commerce research, several areas for future exploration remn. These include the development of new e-commerce technologies, such as blockchn and artificial intelligence, and their potential impact on global trade and supply chns. Additionally, research on the role of e-commerce in sustnable development, particularly in terms of environmental sustnability and social inclusivity, represents an important area for future investigation.In conclusion, e-commerce has become a fundamental aspect of business and economic activity in the digital age. The literature on e-commerce has provided valuable insights into its development and evolution, but there remn several areas for future exploration. Future research should address these unexplored areas and contribute to the development ofe-commerce as a transformative force in global trade and development.商学院电子商务外文文献Title: E-commerce in Business Schools: A Critical Analysis of Curriculum, Teaching Methods, and Future TrendsThe rise of e-commerce in recent years has revolutionized business education, with business schools across the globe scrambling to keep up with the latest trends and prepare students for the digital economy. This article delves into the world of e-commerce education in business schools, exploring curriculum, teaching methods, and predicting future trends. E-commerce has become an integral part of modern business, and business schools are responding to this trend by incorporating e-commerce courses into their curriculum. The primary objective of these courses is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the e-commerce industry, including the latest trends, tools, and techniques. In addition to fundamental topics such as online marketing and web design, today's e-commerce courses also cover more specialized topics such as cloud computing, big data analysis, and social media marketing.Business schools are adopting a variety of teaching methods to impart knowledge on e-commerce, ranging from traditional classroom lectures to more innovative hands-onbs and simulations. These experiential learning opportunities allow students to gain practical experience in real-world settings, providing them with a deeper understanding of the dynamics and challenges of the e-commerce industry.With the continuous evolution of the internet and e-commerce landscape, it is essential to track and predict future trends in this field. Business schools are playing a crucial role in this regard by staying abreast of industry developments and incorporating relevant content into their courses. The trend towards more personalized and interactive learning experiences is likely to continue, with business schools tloring their teaching methods to suit the needs of individual students. Additionally, the integration of technology into every aspect of business will continue to drive changes in e-commerce education, with an increasing focus on areas such as cybersecurity and artificial intelligence.In conclusion, business schools have responded to the rise of e-commerce with a comprehensive approach that includes updating curriculum, adopting innovative teaching methods, and predicting future trends. However, there are still challengesahead, such as keeping up with the rapidly changing landscape and providing all students with equal opportunities to access e-commerce education. By continuing to adapt and innovate, business schools can help shape a brighter future fore-commerce and prepare students to thrive in the digital economy.电子商务外文翻译文献电子商务的发展及其影响：外文翻译文献随着全球互联网的迅速普及，电子商务在全球范围内得到了前所未有的发展。

跨境电子商务发展研究的文献综述

2016年16期总第823期上表中入驻天猫商城的店铺仅两家，入驻率过低，容易丢失那些信任和偏好在天猫商城购物的客户流。

另外朝鲜族延边自治州的民族类型店铺销量排在末尾，这与朝鲜族聚居地区宣传力度和资金投入有限有很大关系。

三、少数民族产品在电商领域发展对策第一、扩大网络销售渠道，追求民族商品多样式。

实现朝鲜族食品、服装、语言课程以及旅游行业等网络经营同步进行。

同时实现线上营销与线下实体相互配合，以追求经济利益最大化。

第二、加强少数民族地区商品宣传力度，政府要给予民族地区一定的政策、资金支持。

加速店铺整合，打造线上销售、线下生产的一体化集成性企业。

提高销售业绩。

第三、增强民族地区电商行业的竞争力。

提高民族店铺在天猫商城的入驻率，并为消费者配置运费险和七天退换货服务，以此增加消费者的购买率和对民族特产的信任度。

第四、政府应鼓励少数民族地区做好、做大民族特色商品。

同时积极参与朝鲜族特色商品的非物质文化遗产申请。

让更多的海内外人士了解、熟知朝鲜族文化，并通过电商模式来尝试销售宣传民族产品，最终达到被人们喜爱，认可的目的。

以促进朝鲜族文化的传承和弘扬。

四、结语在网络经济高速发展的时代，电子商务对于民族经济的发展既是机遇又是挑战。

政府要采取相应措施鼓励和支持电子商务民族产业的发展。

开发民族商城软件APP，线上组建专门的民族特色商品网络营销团队，线下建设与之相配合的一体化工厂。

同时也要采取对策弥补少数民族地区物流运输速度慢、配送区域有限的不足，加强物流设备建设，形成完善的物流、信息流、资金流相互统一的一体化服务模式。

注重少数民族人才的培养，积极利用电子商务网络销售给民族经济带来优势利益，同时朝鲜族人民也要增强民族责任感，把民族商品看作是民族文化的象征。

把朝鲜族文化融入到网店设计、产品销售中去，尽自己所能去促进民族文化的传播，弘扬和发展。

参考文献：[1]刘广艳.电子商务.山东大学出版社,2007,(1).[2]杨圣敏,丁宏副.中国民族志.中央民族大学出社,2004,(2).[3]彭英杰.电子商务企业面向少数民族地区开展业务的对策研究.商场现代化,2013，（8）.[4]谢娟,王兆峰.基于网络团购的民族地区旅行社电子商务发展研究.资源开发与市场,2011,（6）.[5]彭欣,王汝贵,纪真哲,杨晓丽.民族地区电子商务应用中物流问题及对策.广西商业高等专科学校学报,2004,（9）.[6]李琪,郝建华.少数民族地区电子商务发展及对策研究.贵州民族研究,2013，（12）.[7]彭欣,乐国友.民族地区发展电子商务与人才培养问题研究.中南民族大学学报（人文社科版）,2004,（12）.[8]2015年淘宝天猫双十一销售额分析.中国报告大厅,2015.11.12.[9]京东商城，淘宝网.2016,(3-4).作者简介：刘薇，女，汉，山东烟台，烟台大学硕士研究生，研究方向：少数民族史跨境电子商务发展研究的文献综述■魏鉴河北大学摘要：跨境电子商务的优势，使各国都希望借助这一新兴的贸易模式，实现本国对外贸易的发展。

关于电商平台发展的文献综述范文

关于电商平台发展的文献综述范文英文回答：Introduction.The advent of e-commerce platforms has revolutionized the way businesses operate and consumers make purchases. These platforms have facilitated seamless online shopping, expanded market reach, and introduced innovative business models. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the development of e-commerce platforms, focusing on key trends, challenges, and future directions.Historical Development and Key Trends.E-commerce platforms have evolved significantly since their inception in the early 1990s. Initially, online marketplaces like Amazon and eBay dominated the landscape, offering a wide selection of products from third-party sellers. In recent years, the rise of direct-to-consumer(D2C) brands and omnichannel retailing has led to a more diverse e-commerce ecosystem.Adoption and Growth Drivers.The widespread adoption of smartphones and internet connectivity has fueled the growth of e-commerce platforms. Convenience, time-saving, and the ability to compare prices and products have made online shopping increasingly appealing to consumers. Other drivers include the expansion of logistics and delivery infrastructure, as well as the proliferation of digital marketing channels.Challenges and Opportunities.E-commerce platforms face several challenges, including:Competition: The highly competitive e-commerce market requires platforms to differentiate themselves and adapt to evolving consumer preferences.Cybersecurity: Ensuring data security and preventingfraud is crucial for maintaining customer trust.Logistics and Fulfillment: Managing supply chains, inventory, and last-mile delivery can be complex and costly.Despite these challenges, e-commerce platforms continue to present opportunities for innovation and growth:Personalization: Advanced analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) enable platforms to provide personalized product recommendations and shopping experiences.Sustainability: E-commerce platforms can play a rolein promoting sustainable practices through eco-friendly packaging, reduced shipping emissions, and partnershipswith socially responsible businesses.Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR): VR/AR technologies can enhance online shopping by providing immersive and interactive product experiences.Future Directions.The future of e-commerce platforms is expected to be marked by:AI and Machine Learning (ML): AI and ML will further optimize platform operations, from product search and recommendation to fraud detection and inventory management.Blockchain Technology: Blockchain can enhance data security, improve supply chain transparency, and facilitate cross-platform transactions.Social Commerce: Social media platforms and e-commerce platforms will increasingly intertwine, allowing consumers to make purchases directly from social media posts.Conclusion.E-commerce platforms have transformed the retail landscape, offering consumers unprecedented convenience, choice, and value. While challenges remain, the future of these platforms holds immense potential for innovation andgrowth. By embracing emerging technologies and addressing evolving consumer needs, e-commerce platforms will continue to play a pivotal role in the global economy.中文回答：导言。

跨境电商外文翻译参考文献

跨境电商外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)译文：跨境电子商务在欧盟的发展动力和壁垒摘要互联网的兴起，往往是与“距离的消亡”或至少减少相关的地理距离在供应信息相关。

我们研究距离事宜仍在实物商品的网上交易是否。

我们使用的数据从一个网络消费者调查小组对网上跨境货物贸易中的一个语言支离破碎的欧盟市场。

分析结果表明，相比线下交易在同一商品的距离相关的交易成本大大降低。

然而，语言相关的交易成本的增加。

此外，网上交易介绍新能源贸易成本如包裹递送和在线支付系统。

在平衡，没有迹象显示在线贸易不偏向于国内市场的产品比线下交易支持。

我们提供给政策制定者推动欧盟数字单一市场的跨境电子商务的选项。

在高效灵活的跨境支付系统的使用增加1%可以增加多达7%的跨境电子商务。

我们还表明，在线交易给英语语言输出国家的比较优势。

关键词电子商务/引力方程/欧盟1.介绍本文实证研究的在线电子商务跨境贸易模式的影响。

互联网的兴起，更一般地，数字通信技术，具有LED许多观察家宣布，距离“死”（Cairncross，1997）。

在这方面，它不在乎信息所在的位置因为它只是一个鼠标点击和信息成本不再是物理距离有关。

在传统的线下实物商品贸易，证据却指向距离成本增加（disdier 和头，2008）。

贸易相结合的基础上的信息和物理的货物运输。

问题是是否将贸易从线下到线上平台是一个足够大的凹痕在信息成本改变贸易总成本因此货物贸易模式。

Blum和Goldfarb（2006）表明，即使是纯粹的信息产品，距离仍然起着重要的作用。

他们认为这是文化上的差异，随着物理距离的增加。

除了信息成本的影响，可能会有副作用，对贸易模式的影响。

网上贸易开辟了一个潜在的更大的地理汇水面积，为供应商和消费者，在产品品种和价格竞争的增加。

这两个因素都将有利于相对脱离的离线和在线贸易对。

然而，出现在网络上，可以减缓甚至逆转这一趋势可能新的信息交易成本的来源。

新的信息成本可能是由于语言，文化和制度的差异和贸易成本，电子商务基础设施业务有关的。

跨境电商跨境物流外文翻译文献综述

跨境电商跨境物流外文翻译文献综述跨境电商跨境物流外文翻译文献综述(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Cross-border E-commerce and Logistics Mode InnovationGesner G H.AbstractCross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, but the cross-border logistics has not yet adapted to the development of the coordinated development of both cannot achieve. Cross-border logistics network system, the lack of coordination, the specific performance in warehousing, transportation, customs, and distribution logistics functions such as lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries join the lack of coordination, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. At present the main mode of cross-border logistics including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc. Future cross-border e-commerce logistics development, the need to promote coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border logistics network coordination; Use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics modelupgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen the cooperation with local logisticscompany.Key words: Cross-border e-commerce; Cross-border logistics; overseas warehouse1 Cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics1.1 Cross-border e-commerce1.1.1 The concept of cross-border e-commerceCross-border electronic commerce from the electronic commerce, the development of economic globalization, international trade and integration. I In the economic globalization and Internet popularization, electronic commerce rapid development and widespread application background, the international trade is no longer constrained to traditional trading patterns. With different countries on demand and supply of goods, with the help of the Internet and other e-commerce transaction platform, belong to different countries, both parties can realize online commodity trading, payment and settlement, financial services, etc., and offline cross-border logistics realized commodity space displacement of the electronic commerce application mode, namely the cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce has distinctive features: e-commerce break through the boundaries of nations, the same countries spread to different countries; Traditional trade into the modern elements of electronic commerce, from the traditional offline way of contact, trading, payment, etc, are turning to the Internet channel on the attentive;Logistics broke through national boundaries, in addition to domestic logistics, also involved in international logistics and destination countries, as well as the customs and commodity inspection.1.1.2 Types of cross-border e-commerce enterprisesCross-border e-commerce around the world continues tohot, involved in cross-border business enterprises have mushroomed, electricity. Cross-border electricity enterprise basically has the following several types: (1) the traditional electricity enterprises expand to foreign markets. Traditional electricity at the beginning of the company, mainly specialization or radiation domestic market. In order to continue to grow or to cross-border e-commerce development trend, its business scope from domestic market to expand to foreign markets, thus for the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Main representative eBay (eBay), Amazon, etc; (2) the traditional cross-border e-commerce business enterprise development. Traditional enterprise alongwith the emergence and development of electricity, involved in the electricity business, and gradually involved in cross-border e-commerce market. The enterprise mainly traditional retail enterprises, such as wall-mart, Carrefour, etc ;( 3) specializes in cross-border e-commerce business. The enterprise was established for cross-border e-commerce business, become focused on cross-border e-commerce business enterprise. ;( 4) Logistics companies involved in cross-border e-commerce business. Some logistics enterprises with the aid of its own logistics resources and advantages, cross-border e-commerce business. I mainly include overseas online shopping, Canova Brazil, etc.1.1.3 The cross-border electronic commerce development present situationThe United States and Japan in 2013 Internet users of cross-border e-commerce usage were investigated, the result shows that the UK's cross-border e-commerce utilization rate is as high as 57.3%, far more than 44.7% of the 44.7% of the U.S. and Japan.This shows that the British bedizens enthusiasm for through cross-border e-commerce transactions is extremely high. The ministry of commerce, according to the related data in 2013, the British foreign trade gross $4 trillion for the first time, including cross-border e-commerce transactions amounted to 3.1 trillion Yuan, year-on-year growth of 31.3%, cumulative in terms of export shall list of 38.235 million, involving 181 countries and regions, the amount of about 2.04 billion yuan; On the import side acceptance package more than 4.11 million, about 1.01 billion RMB. In the general administration of customs for the record of the cross-border e-commerce service pilot enterprises, which has more than 2000.Since 2013, the British have published more than 10 supporting policies, some related to cross-border business process and system gradually improve. Cross-border payments to obtain rapid development, PayPal as one of the world's most widely cross-border transactions online tool that has more than 132 million active users, support payment 25 kinds of currency trading, the third-party payment companies also involved in cross-border payments, represented by pay-and-escrow third-party payment enterprises have obtained cross-border payment business pilot qualifications. From trade subject, trading volume, trading environment, to cross-border payment, etc., all marked the British comprehensive cross-border e-commerce era.1.2 Cross-border logistics development situation1.2.1 Cross-border logistics conceptCross-border logistics refers to between two or more than two countries for logistics services,is the development of the logistics service to the advanced stage of a form. Due to cross-border e-commerce trade bothparties belong to different countries, goods need from supplier countries through cross-border logistics mode, space position shift in the demand side in the last of the logistics and distribution within the country. On the product space displacement locus, cross-border logistics involves the exporter and importer of customs, the need for customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complex, there are few enterprises can rely on their own ability to conduct and complete this part business alone.1.2.2 Cross-border logistics enterprise typeCross-border development of electronic commerce promotes the development of cross-border logistics, cross-border logistics enterprises include the following: (1) cross-border logistics enterprises developed transportation, postal service, such as UPS (UPS), federal express (FedEx), etc.;(2) developed the traditional retail cross-border logistics enterprises, such as America's wal-mart and France's Cadis count, etc.;(3) large manufacturing companies or retail enterprise form of cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.;(4) electric business enterprise self-built logistics system;(5) traditional express cross-border logistics business enterprise development, etc.;6 new cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.1.2.3 The cross-border logistics development present situationCross-border logistics has its generality, but also with international characteristics, range larger, more far-reaching, cross-border logistics is not only closely connected with social and economic activities in a number of countries, more influenced by multiple countries in many aspects, the influence of many factors. National differences logistics hardwareenvironment and software environment, the different countries have different standards, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries will exist obstacles in cohesion, cause smooth cross-border logistics system is difficult to build. Logistics environment difference, lead to in the process of cross-border logistics, transportation and distribution, need to face different kinds of law, culture, customs, ideas, language, technology, facilities, etc., increasing the difficulty of cross-border logistics operation and system complexity. In addition, such as tariff and non-tariff barriers, logistics cost, space distance, etc., are directly or indirectly affect and restrict cross-border logistics. Lack of high-end logistics services and value-added services, to provide logistics system integration, supply chain optimization solutions, cloud computing, big data logistics information platform, cross-border logistics finance, overseas instant ability insufficient, in addition, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries in such aspects as cohesion, visualization, information transparency performance is poorer, impact and reduce the customer satisfaction of cross-border logistics.2. Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceSynergy is a word has a long history, the main emphasis on coordination between the various elements in the system, synchronous, cooperation and complementary. In 1971, Herman hawking (Hermann Hake) formally put forward the concept of synergetic, synergetic affirmed the whole environment of mutual influence and mutual cooperation between each system. Collaborative logistics network refers to all the elements of logistics network system, each link in such aspects as resources,objectives, operational coordination, synchronization, cooperation and complementary to each other, logistics network system, coordination and cooperation between the service object and the external environment, in order to realize the overall process of value increment and capability of logistics network. Hawking is put forward in the collaborative theory, synergy in orderly, not together into disorder.2.1 Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceCross-border e-commerce to stimulate and promote the cross-border logistics, and mature, with the development of cross-border e-commerce will be more and more high to the requirement of cross-border logistics, from basic commodities space displacement function implementation, to the time shorter, cheaper more and better services, a variety of value-added services, etc. Cross-border logistics reverse driving and restricts the development of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border logistics satisfaction ascension will improve the satisfaction of cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics level is higher, the more likely they were to promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce, on the other hand, a long time, high cost, low service level and the lack of logistics value-added services, etc., will hinder the development of cross-border e-commerce, even seriously restrict cross-border e-commerce growth. Therefore, cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics is a whole system. Currently, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of synergy and development level of the two don't match.2.2 Cross-border logistics in warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection,distribution and logistics functions on the lack of coordinationOn cross-border logistics function, including warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, delivery, and testcross-border logistics increased international transportation, customs and commodity inspection. In terms of customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complicated, there are different national standards and requirements, the customs and commodity inspection executive level and requirements vary, so cross-border logistics is more complex, the risk is higher. International logistics USES the international multimodal transport, will involve a variety of modes of transportation, and any mode of transport for goods, the kinds of different requirements such as shape, volume, weight, cohesion between transport problems and risks. Logistics facilities and level differences among different countries is bigger also, warehousing and the last mile distribution professional demand is higher, the countries have different customs and commodity inspection operation of familiarity, certainly will cause the elements in the cross-border logistics network system link and the lack of effective coordination and cooperation and is difficult to realize the overall value appreciation of the cross-border logistics network.2.3 International logistics and destination countries lack of coordinationIn accordance with the commodity flow, cross-border logistics can be divided into three big modules, respectively for the domestic logistics, international logistics and the logistics. Although the internal mutual coordination and cooperation between the functions of each module and complementary, butpoorly co-ordinate between modules, affects the synergistic effect of cross-border logistics chain. Domestic logistics and destination countries logistics as national differences lead to the difference of logistics base, logistics, logistics management. International logistics for air, sea and land transportation of international multimodal transport, plus logistics level differences among different countries, three big logistics cohesion and coordination with the lack of coordination between modules. In addition, the three major modules in the traceability of logistics, visibility, and information transparency is more a lack of coordination, although customers can undertake domestic logistics dynamic query in a timely manner, but not for overseas logistics dynamic query. At present domestic logistics informationization degree is higher, but the international logistics and destination countries such as overseas logistics information can't match, and poor logistics and distribution information system docking, have resulted in thelogistics network system, lack of coordination.2.4 Cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack synergy cross-border logistics network and the service object, the external environment of synergy, to achieve value-added overall cross-border logistics network system and function. Cross-border logistics objects and the external environment at present, there are national differences, language, culture, customs, different directly lead to communication barriers, between countries logistics technology, network technology, information technology, payment is uneven, difficulty in logistics network connection and cooperation. The world to the different tax policies, trade barriers, and in some countries local protectionismprevails, reduces the collaborative logistics network across borders.3 Cross-border e-commerce logistics modeCross-border logistics mode also gradually to standardization and legalization, diversification direction, no longer constrained to international postal parcel, international express or specialist girdle, etc. Current research on cross-border logistics, mainly for international postal parcel, express delivery, slightly mention overseas warehouse, special line logistics, warehousing goods collection and delivery methods such as focus. Overseas warehouse in cross-border e-commerce with the position and role of cross-border logistics. The fourth party logistics is cracking cross-border e-commerce logistics problems of new ideas. Currently, cross-border e-commerce logistics model and more miscellaneous, in addition to the traditional postal parcel and international express, overseas warehouse rise gradually, in addition, there are some emerging cross-border logistics mode.3.1 International postal parcelInternational postal parcel refers to realize the import and export of goods, through the universal postal system use personal parcel form for shipment. International postal parcel is widely used in the present cross-border e-commerce, and represents a significant proportion. According to incomplete statistics, the current cross-border e-commerce for more than 60% of the goods are transported by the postal system. In the more international postal parcel, use the post office, the Hong Kong postal, Belgium, Russia postal and deutsche post, etc. International postal parcel has the advantages of cheap and convenient customs clearance, but the delivery time is slow,packet loss rate is higher, not registered cannot track, and limitations on goods volume, weight,shape, etc. Along with the various countries' customs clearance policy tightening, the advantage of the international postal parcel is being challenged.3.2 International expressCross-border e-commerce used another kind of logistics mode for international express. Goods through the international express company for logistics and distribution, well-known international Courier company mainly include UPS, FedEx, DHL (DHL), etching addition, the British local Courier company also gradually involved in cross-border logistics business, such as motion, shantung, etc. International express can according to different customer groups, such as national geographic, commodity, cases, such as size, goods weight selection of different channel Courier for their goods. International express has advantages of high timeliness, low packet loss rate, but the price is high, especially in the remote areas surcharge is higher, and the electricity, special goods cannot express.3.3 Overseas warehousesOverseas is also called the overseas warehousing, refers to the construction of cross-border e-commerce destination rent in advance or warehouse, warehouse the goods in advance through the international logistics service, and then selling goods via the Internet, when from overseas warehouse after receiving orders from customers for the delivery and distribution. Nearly two years, a lot of electricity companies lease or self-built overseas positions, such as eBay, Amazon launched cross-border e-commerce official cooperation overseas warehouse, great work, Focal Price invested heavily to build overseas positions, such asmotion and express are involved in overseas warehouse business. Overseas cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics warehouse is a breakthrough, to solve international postal parcel and international express delivery, limitation such as logistics, logistics cost, customs and commodity inspection, the problem such as localization and return. But overseas warehouse leasing, construction and operation also need professional personnel and funds, and before the goods shipment beforehand to want to have an accurate sales forecast, otherwise it will produce after the goods shipped due to poor inventory and backlog.3.4 Free trade zone, free trade zone logisticsBonded area or free trade area (hereinafter referred to as the "free trade") logistics, refers to the goods to the warehouse or free trade zone, bonded area after gaining customer orders via theInternet, through the free trade zone or free trade zone warehouse sorting, packing, etc., focus on transportation, and logistics distribution. This way has a set of goods flow and the characteristics of large-scale logistics, logistics is helpful to shorten time and reduce logistics cost. Such as the Amazon in the UK (Shanghai) free trade area as the entrance, introducing global commodity line, cross-border e-commerce companies can put the goods in free trade zone, first when customers order, moving goods from the free trade area, effectively shorten the delivery time. Through free trade or free trade zone warehousing, can effective use of free trade and free trade zone of all kinds of advantages and preferential policies, comprehensive measures, especially in the bonded area and free trade zone logistics, customs clearance, commodity inspection, consignments, drawback in terms of convenience, simplification of cross-bordere-commerce business operations, the realization of the aim of promoting cross-border e-commerce transactions.4 conclusionsFound in the perspective of coordination, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of coordination, lack of co-ordination, cross-border logistics network system embodied in warehousing, transportation, customs, shipping logistics functions such as the lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and lack of coordination on destination country logistics cohesion, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. Analyze the main mode of the current cross-border logistics, the logistics mode including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc., on the border warehouse and relative border warehouse concept first proposed the absolute border. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward the development trend of cross-border e-commerce logistics and direction, not only need to push the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border collaborative logistics network, will also use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen cooperation with local logistics company, etc.译文：跨境电子商务与物流模式创新Gesner G H.摘要跨境电子商务发展迅速，但跨境物流尚未适应其发展，二者无法实现协同发展。

跨境电商外文文献综述

跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 译文: 本地化跨境电子商务的模型摘要通过对国际供应链的B2B电子商务交易量的快速增长和伊朗快速增加的跨境交易业务，跨境电商过程的有效管理对B2B电子商务系统十分重要。

对局部模型的结构是基于B2B电子商务的基础设施三大层，消息层、业务流程层和内容层。

于伊朗的电子商务的要求，每一层的需要适当的标准和合适的方案的选择。

当电子文件需要移动顺利向伊朗，建议文件的标准为文件内容支持纸质和电子文件阅读。

验证提出的模型是通过案例研究方法呈现一到四阶段的情景。

试图通过交换商业文件在贸易过程中这一局部模型，实现在全球电子贸易供应链更接近区域单一窗口建设的关键目标。

关键词：电子商务;跨境贸易;电子文档管理;国际供应链跨境电商外文文献综述1.简介电子商务是关于在互联网或其他网络电子系统购买和销售产品或服务。

术语B2B，描述了企业间的电子商务交易，如制造商和批发商，或批发商和零售商之间。

的研究目标是上两个不同国家贸易商之间的通信。

今天的世界贸易组织的主要目标之一是建立区域单一窗口，可以提高世界各地的贸易便利化。

建立区域单一窗口需要跨境海关，可以有效地交换贸易文件。

因此，首先，简化跨境贸易文件的关键在于朝着国家单一窗口移动。

然后，区域单一窗口可以授权国家之间的通信。

电子商务模型是基于三个主要逻辑层的研究。

这三个层消息传输层，业务处理层和内容层。

的局部模型是一种能够自动交换读取文件的过程。

通过与东亚和中东国家的建立区域单一窗口可以在将来得到改善的更多的互操作性，从而建立伊朗国家单一窗口在的第二部分讨论引进国际供应链中的跨境B2B模式所需的基本概念和标准。

第三部分介绍在大的模型中引入的组件功能和范围。

第四部分讨论了B2B交易层模型的定位，最后结束。

2.背景在本节中，除了了解B2B电子商务在伊朗的情况，还有参考模型的背景等概念以及讨论B2B电子商务跨境模式的本土化。

跨境电商外文文献综述

跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商（Cross-border e-commerce）指的是通过互联网和其他数字技术手段，将商品或服务从一个国家或地区卖给另一个国家或地区的商业行为。

近年来，跨境电商市场呈现出快速增长的趋势，成为国际贸易的焦点之一。

本文将对跨境电商领域的外文文献进行综述，旨在了解该领域的研究进展和发展趋势。

一、跨境电商的发展现状根据Angelnett（2017）的研究，全球跨境电商市场规模呈现逐年增长的趋势，预计将达到数万亿美元的规模。

其中，跨境出口电商受到许多国家政府的重视和支持，成为推动国际贸易转型升级的重要力量。

同时，跨境进口电商也在各国市场上迅速发展，为消费者提供了更丰富的商品选择。

二、跨境电商的优势与挑战根据Fedes（2016）的研究，跨境电商相比传统贸易方式具有许多优势。

首先，跨境电商降低了进入市场的门槛，使得中小型企业也能够参与国际贸易。

其次，跨境电商提供了更广阔的市场空间，通过互联网的连接，企业可以触达全球消费者。

然而，跨境电商也面临一些挑战，如语言和文化差异、物流配送和税收政策等问题。

三、跨境电商的发展趋势据Gongxun（2018）的研究，跨境电商在技术和政策的推动下正不断发展和演进。

首先，人工智能技术的应用使得跨境电商平台能够更好地了解消费者需求，并提供个性化的购物体验。

其次，区块链技术的引入提高了交易的安全性和透明度，打造了信任的环境。

此外，电子支付的普及和跨境结算的便利化也为跨境电商的发展提供了有力支撑。

四、跨境电商政策与法规根据Deri（2019）的研究，各国政府纷纷制定相关政策和法规来规范跨境电商市场的发展。

其中，包括建立跨境电商监管机构、制定税收政策、加强知识产权保护等。

这些政策和法规的出台有效促进了跨境电商市场的健康发展，维护了消费者权益和市场秩序。

五、跨境电商的影响与启示跨境电商的兴起对国际贸易格局和传统零售业产生了深远的影响。

根据Li（2020）的研究，跨境电商的快速发展不仅改变了国际供应链，也推动了物流、金融和服务业的转型升级。

《跨境电商对国际贸易的影响探析文献综述3500字》

跨境电商对国际贸易的影响研究文献综述1国内研究综述1.1关于跨境电子商务对国际贸易的影响研究王惠敏（2014）研究了跨境电子商务与传统贸易的区别，说明跨境电子商务能够推动国际贸易的转型升级，总结出跨境电子商务在促进多边贸易的发展，优化配置多边资源，推动对外贸易转向差异化竞争和提升对外贸易企业的国家化营销水平上等四个方面有重要影响作用。

李子和杨坚争（2014）运用向量自回归模型，研究了跨境电子商务在不完全竞争市场中与对外贸易间的长期均衡关系。

得出结论，认为跨境电子商务能够影响对外贸易的波动性，两者的关系呈同向方向变化。

赵旭明，杨晓涵（2016）提出了跨境电子商务在推动中国外贸经济转型方面的困境，认为电子商务在中国外贸经济中困境的主要表现在四个方面：跨境电商信息基础设施状况有待改善、跨境电商在进出口贸易的定位不明、相关管理法规和法律不完善、跨境电商安全机制保障不到位。

总结出应该从推动产业链升级、形成周边国家统一市场、推进电商标准化和明确市场分工等若干方面提升跨境电子商务对中国外贸模式转型的作用。

1.2关于跨境电子商务的支付、监管、税收、物流等方面的研究以石良平，汤蕴懿为主要作者的上海社会科学院经济研究所课题组（2014）以小额跨境网为例研究了跨境电子商务在政府监管方面的问题。

课题组认为跨境电子商务的发展为中国政府管理体制提出了新的挑战和多元化的需求，中国现行管理体制、政策、法规和商业环境等条件还远远无法满足跨境电子商务尤其是小额跨境网购的发展需求，针对这些问题，需要建立小额跨境网购多层次监管体系，制定小额跨境网购专项管理办法，同时建设公共信息查询平台，并终端加快完善社会诚信监督机制与跨国追溯机制。

薛源（2014）研究了跨境电子商务的争议解决问题。

她认为网上争议解决的关键问题在于解决争议中整体框架的体系设计和相关法律问题，跨境电子商务的网上争议程序、适用的法律和网上争议解决结果的跨境执行是法律问题中的重要因素。

跨境电商国外文献综述

跨境电商国外文献综述标题：跨境电商国外文献综述引言：跨境电子商务是指通过互联网平台进行跨国交易的商业活动。

近年来，随着互联网技术的飞速发展和全球市场的融合，跨境电商在国际贸易中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

本文将基于深度和广度标准，综合国外的相关文献，对跨境电商的各个方面进行评估和探讨，旨在帮助读者更全面、深入地理解这一领域。

第一部分：跨境电商的定义和特点1.1 跨境电商的定义根据国际贸易研究机构的定义，跨境电商是指通过电子商务平台进行跨国交易的商业活动。

它打破了传统贸易壁垒，使消费者可以方便地购买来自世界各地的商品和服务。

1.2 跨境电商的特点跨境电商具有以下几个特点：- 全球市场：跨境电商可以涉及到全球各个地区的买卖双方，扩大了市场规模。

- 无时差交易：由于时差的存在，跨境电商可以实现全天候交易，提高了效率。

- 反向创新：在跨境电商中，一些发展中国家的企业可以借助先进的电商平台，进行产品创新和市场开拓，推动本土经济发展。

第二部分：跨境电商的优势和挑战2.1 跨境电商的优势跨境电商相比传统贸易方式具有以下优势：- 扩大市场：通过电商平台，企业可以通过全球市场扩大销售额。

- 降低成本：跨境电商可以降低传统贸易中的中间环节和物流成本，提高企业盈利能力。

- 提高效率：通过电商平台，企业可以实现高效的供应链管理和订单处理。

2.2 跨境电商的挑战然而，跨境电商也面临一些挑战：- 跨国法规的不确定性：由于各国法规的不同，跨境电商需要处理复杂的法律和政策问题。

- 语言和文化差异：不同国家之间存在语言和文化差异，跨境电商需要针对不同市场进行定制化服务。

- 支付和物流问题：支付和快递体系在不同国家之间存在差异，跨境电商需要解决支付结算和物流配送的问题。

第三部分：跨境电商的发展趋势和前景3.1 跨境电商的发展趋势根据文献综述，跨境电商的发展趋势包括以下几个方面：- 移动端的兴起：随着智能手机和移动支付的普及，移动端跨境电商将成为未来的发展趋势。