实用科技英语翻译 孙昌坤 Unit 8PPT课件
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unit 8 cloning全新版大学英语第三册第八单元课件
12. beforehand: in advance; earlier e.g. Catherine got married without telling anyone beforehand. Mum had done most of the cooking beforehand, so we weren’t tied to the kitchen.
2. give birth to: 1) bear (a bird), bring forth e.g. Although a mother panda often gives birth to two cubs, she usually abandons one of them without attempting to care for it. The research has shown that mothers who smoke give birth more frequently to premature or underweight babies. create, originate e.g. The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel. Einstein gave birth to a whole new way of looking at matter and energy. 3. for all the world: in every respect; exactly e.g. I felt for all the world as if I was still a child. He looked for all the world like a country doctor.
英语科技论文写作Unit 8 Result, Discussion and ConclusionPPT
– Lies in the value of its final results and the author’s interpretation of the results
– To bring about a solid foundation on which the whole paper rests
• Section of Discussion: general functions and main elements of discussion, writing requirements for discussion
• Section of Conclusion: general functions and main elements of conclusion, requirements for writing a conclusion, samples for conclusion and useful expressions in writing a conclusion
Unit 8 Result, Discussion and Conclusion
Topical Highlights
• Section of Results: general functions and contents of results, writing requirements for results, examples and some useful expressions
• The information desire grows with the development of industry (Table 1).
Section of Results
• Writing Requirements for Results
– To bring about a solid foundation on which the whole paper rests
• Section of Discussion: general functions and main elements of discussion, writing requirements for discussion
• Section of Conclusion: general functions and main elements of conclusion, requirements for writing a conclusion, samples for conclusion and useful expressions in writing a conclusion
Unit 8 Result, Discussion and Conclusion
Topical Highlights
• Section of Results: general functions and contents of results, writing requirements for results, examples and some useful expressions
• The information desire grows with the development of industry (Table 1).
Section of Results
• Writing Requirements for Results
英语科技论文写作Unit 8 Result, Discussion and Conclusion PPT课件
– Lies in the value of its final results and the author’s interpretation of the results
– To bring about a solid foundation on which the whole paper rests
• While those with no meaningful functions should never appear in this section.
• The fool collects facts; the wise man selects them. (Dr. Jolin Powell)
Section of Discussion
• General Functions and Main Elements of Discussion
– To expound the interrelations among the observed facts
– To show the relationship between the facts, their underlying causes, their effects, and their theoretical implications
Section of Discussion
• General Functions and Main Elements of Discussion
– Expounding Viewpoints
• Give your judgment, evaluation, analysis, and show how your results and interpretations agree (or contrast) with previously published work.
– To bring about a solid foundation on which the whole paper rests
• While those with no meaningful functions should never appear in this section.
• The fool collects facts; the wise man selects them. (Dr. Jolin Powell)
Section of Discussion
• General Functions and Main Elements of Discussion
– To expound the interrelations among the observed facts
– To show the relationship between the facts, their underlying causes, their effects, and their theoretical implications
Section of Discussion
• General Functions and Main Elements of Discussion
– Expounding Viewpoints
• Give your judgment, evaluation, analysis, and show how your results and interpretations agree (or contrast) with previously published work.
unit8N2说课课件
1. Task-based language teaching method 2. Communicative teaching method
Part 3 Analysis of learning ways
1. Listening, speaking, reading and writing.
2. Working in pairs and in groups.
Step 9. Homework.
Make a survey “ what would your family members like to do to help others?” and then write a report.
Part 6. Blackboard Design Unit 8
Step 8. Summary. 1. New words and phrases: homeless , hunger clean up, cheer up, give out, help with 2. Sentences: I’d like to work outside. You could give out food at a food bank. I will help clean the city parks. 3. Learn to express offering help.
Sample dialogue 2: A: I’d like to work in the
hospital. B: Then you could help
cheer up the sick people.
Make up your own conversations like this.
A: I’d like….
Part 3 Analysis of learning ways
1. Listening, speaking, reading and writing.
2. Working in pairs and in groups.
Step 9. Homework.
Make a survey “ what would your family members like to do to help others?” and then write a report.
Part 6. Blackboard Design Unit 8
Step 8. Summary. 1. New words and phrases: homeless , hunger clean up, cheer up, give out, help with 2. Sentences: I’d like to work outside. You could give out food at a food bank. I will help clean the city parks. 3. Learn to express offering help.
Sample dialogue 2: A: I’d like to work in the
hospital. B: Then you could help
cheer up the sick people.
Make up your own conversations like this.
A: I’d like….
实用科技英语教程Unit 8
• D. Biomaterial • Replacement or implant materials that imitate living tissues or organs, so-called biomaterial, are commonly used as surgical tapes, adhesives, skin implant. Military • E. • Biological weapons may serve limited purpose as a battlefield weapon. They allow for the potential to create a staggering level of destruction and loss of life. As such, they can act as a strategic deterrent.
• B. Gene therapy • It is said that RNA interference, a new type of gene therapy, can heal a genetic disorder in a live animal.
• C. Biofuels • In the future, cars will run on Bioethanol, which is produced from agricultural crops, sugar cane or bio-mass.
Unit 8 Biotechnology
What is biotechnology? What fields do biotechnology apply in?
• Task 1: identify the following practical applications of biotechnology
科技英语翻译unit8
第八单元基因工程和医药课文A人类基因疗法——代价沉重，但充满希望住在克利夫兰郊区的4岁女孩阿珊蒂·德西尔维娅正躺在医院洁白的床单上接受静脉滴注。
对此，她并不在意，因为这样的情况在她长期受病痛困扰的童年里是家常便饭。
在静脉滴注管的另一端悬挂着装有特殊细胞的透明塑料袋，那是她自己的白血球，通过基因修正来治疗她与生俱来的遗传性疾病。
一个瘦削的中年医生焦虑地凝视着这个娇小的身躯。
这是医学博士弗伦奇·安德森，当时他和他的同事迈克尔·布利斯（医学博士）、肯尼斯·卡尔沃（医学博士）都在美国国家卫生研究所工作。
那一天，他们和阿珊蒂·德西尔维娅一起跨过了一个标志性的里程碑，成为第一个在医学治疗前沿—人类基因疗法—进行临床试验的团队。
这个消息之所以如此令人兴奋，原因很简单：多数病变都有自己的基因构成，基因疗法为治愈诸多疾病而不仅仅是缓解病痛带来了希望，其中包括诸如囊肿性纤维化等遗传性疾病，甚至是癌症这一类的慢性疾病和艾滋病等传染性疾病。
至少在理论上是这样的。
1990年9月14日进行的第一次基因治疗距今已有10年，这10年中，对事实的夸大超过了实际效果。
在世界范围内，研究者们进行了400多次临床试验来测试基因疗法治疗多种疾病的效果。
令人惊讶的是，癌症成为研究的重点，而且更让人惊奇的是，成效甚微。
洛杉矶南加利福尼亚大学的安德森说：“最初三四年大家都充满了热情，在全世界范围内进行了两三百个试验。
后来我们开始意识到在临床方面并没有真正的突破。
”全国罕见疾病组织（这是一个由患者团体组成的联合组织）主席艾比·麦尔斯更为坦率，他说：“自最初进行的临床试验，我们没有取得什么进步。
几乎没有任何结果。
在过去的十年里，我一直很失望。
”接下来，情况变得更糟。
1999年9月，在费城宾夕法尼亚大学人类基因疗法研究所，一名患者死于基因疗法引起的反应。
18岁充满活力的杰西·吉尔辛格来自亚利桑那州图森市，他体内遭到破坏的基因引起了一种基因医学上令人困惑的新陈代谢疾病。
剑桥国际英语教程unit8.ppt课件
Guess
Is there a lollypop ['lɔliˌpɔp] 棒棒糖 …. Yes ,there is. There’s a lollypop… No, there isn’t, but there is one…
Asking the way
a. Go along the street until you come to the traffic lights. 沿这条路一直走到红绿灯那儿。 b. Turn right / left at the second crossing. (Take the second turning on the right / left.) 在第二个十字路口向右 / 左转弯。
谢谢观看
THE END
I’m your new neighbor
Move 动， 移动 Who moved my cheese? across [ə‘krɔ:s] adv.横过, 穿过 prep.横过, 穿过, 在对面 Can you swim across the river? 你能游到河的对岸吗？ across后常加from， He lives across from my house. 他住在我的房子的对面
What kind of place is ‘Seven Days’? Can you find other places around DC? what are they? What about the places around your home?
Barber shop barber [‘bɑ:bə ] 理发师 Laundromat [ˈlɑːndrəˌmæt] n. 自动洗衣店; There is a Laundromat over there.
Is there a lollypop ['lɔliˌpɔp] 棒棒糖 …. Yes ,there is. There’s a lollypop… No, there isn’t, but there is one…
Asking the way
a. Go along the street until you come to the traffic lights. 沿这条路一直走到红绿灯那儿。 b. Turn right / left at the second crossing. (Take the second turning on the right / left.) 在第二个十字路口向右 / 左转弯。
谢谢观看
THE END
I’m your new neighbor
Move 动， 移动 Who moved my cheese? across [ə‘krɔ:s] adv.横过, 穿过 prep.横过, 穿过, 在对面 Can you swim across the river? 你能游到河的对岸吗？ across后常加from， He lives across from my house. 他住在我的房子的对面
What kind of place is ‘Seven Days’? Can you find other places around DC? what are they? What about the places around your home?
Barber shop barber [‘bɑ:bə ] 理发师 Laundromat [ˈlɑːndrəˌmæt] n. 自动洗衣店; There is a Laundromat over there.
苏教牛津译林版初中英语八年级上册unit 8 Natural-integrated PPT课件
课前热身
1.尽可能
as…as possible
=as …as one can/could
2.n. 毛巾；浴巾 towel
3.n. 规则
rule
4.n. 铁路
railway
5.n/v. 烧伤，烫伤，burn
灼伤 过去式
burnt/burned
67..(女外儿)孙n）女（n）dgaruagnhdtdearughter 8.儿子（n） son
A snowstorm can cause traffic accidents. When they are in danger, they should stay calm and dial 122 for help. Now please talk about the other three pictures in groups of four. Please describe each picture and find out which number they should dial.
31.第一步，你应该将你的手放在冷水中大概10分钟。
First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.
32.然后我该干什么？ What should I do after that? 33.用一个干净的毛巾裹住烧伤的地方。 Cover the burn with a clean towel. 34 我应该图一点药膏吗？不需要。 Should I put any cream on it? No, you shouldn’t. 35.去看医生 go and see the doctor 36.保护自己远离… protect oneself from…
翻译-unit8科技英语翻译
Unit 8科技英语翻译科技文体是一种特殊的文体形式，其范围很广泛，既包括科技著作、论文、实验报告、各类科技文献，也包括各种机械工具、仪器仪表等的构造、原理描述及操作描述。
当今世界，各国之间不仅在政治、经济、外交等领域有密切的合作，随着科学技术的日益发展，各国在科技领域的交流也在不断加强，这就使科技文体的翻译引起人们越来越多的关注。
要做好科技文体的翻译工作，首先必须了解科技文体的特点，从而在翻译中采取相应的技巧和处理方法。
目前，对我国广大学生和科研工作者来说，科技文体的翻译主要是以英译汉为主，学习借鉴西方发达国家的科研成果，而汉译英所占的比例相对要小一些。
因此，在本章中，我们主要讨论科技文体的英译汉，而对汉译英部分只是稍作阐述。
一、科技英语的特点及翻译方法关于翻译标准，中外学者在不同时期提出了不同的见解。
有的翻译标准具有普遍性，适用于各种文体的翻译。
但在实际操作中，不同的文体具有不同的侧重点，对同一标准可能会有不同的理解和阐述。
就科技英语而言，翻译的重点应放在信息传达的准确性和语言表达的规范性上。
在动笔翻译之前，译者必须透彻理解原文，分析语法上的深层结构，理顺逻辑上的内在联系。
作为一种特殊的文体，科技英语（scientific English）与一般英语（common English）相比有其自身的特点。
只有了解了这些特点，才能在翻译中采取恰当的翻译策略和技巧，做到用词严谨、表达准确、逻辑严密。
1.大量使用科技词汇科技文体的一大特点就是使用大量的专业术语。
有很多专业术语源于拉丁语和希腊语，意义比较稳定，有利于准确地表达概念和意义。
一般来说，科技英语词汇的构成方法有合成法，混合法，词缀法，首字母缩略法，以及借用专有名词。
1）合成法（Compounding）这类词汇是由两个或两个以上的单词组合而成的。
一般来说，合成词的翻译采用直译，将各词的意思相加即可。
但也有一些特殊例子，不能望词生义，在翻译的时候须谨慎处理，准确了解其专业意思。
Unit8AbilityImprovement课件人教版英语七年级下册
___B_e_c_a_u_s_e_h_e__th_i_n_k_s_t_h_e__h_o_u_s_e_is__b_o_r_in_g_._________________
假如你是Jack，明天是你的生日，你要开一个生日派 对，想请你的朋友Kate到你家里来。请你给她写一封电子 邮件告诉她去你家的路。70词左右。
“Mom！ Mom！ An alien( 外星人) changes our house！” Jim runs to his mom and tells her about what he sees.Mom is cleaning the living room.She’s not surprised at all( 一点也不惊讶).“Oh，it’s your dad.He thinks our house is boring( 乏味的)，so he wants to change it.What do you think of the changes？Do you like them？”
I live on a big street.To the left of my house is a big park.The police station is 2 my house.There 3 a hotel to the left of the park. 4 the hotel and a Japanese restaurant there is a small bank.A big supermarket is across from the Japanese restaurant.
◆The garden with flowers is gone( 消失).In its place there is much grass.
假如你是Jack，明天是你的生日，你要开一个生日派 对，想请你的朋友Kate到你家里来。请你给她写一封电子 邮件告诉她去你家的路。70词左右。
“Mom！ Mom！ An alien( 外星人) changes our house！” Jim runs to his mom and tells her about what he sees.Mom is cleaning the living room.She’s not surprised at all( 一点也不惊讶).“Oh，it’s your dad.He thinks our house is boring( 乏味的)，so he wants to change it.What do you think of the changes？Do you like them？”
I live on a big street.To the left of my house is a big park.The police station is 2 my house.There 3 a hotel to the left of the park. 4 the hotel and a Japanese restaurant there is a small bank.A big supermarket is across from the Japanese restaurant.
◆The garden with flowers is gone( 消失).In its place there is much grass.
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12
处理为前置定语
• A coil of wire that moves in a magnetic field will have an e.m.f. induced in it.
在磁场中运动的线圈会产生感应电势。
• e.m.f. • eletromotive force 电动势，感应电势
13
分切+合译
• The energy obtained from uranium atoms in nuclearpower stations may be used to heat boilers and produce steam for the turbines that drive the alternator.
2
• Part I (1-2): The cause and consequence of autoimmune diseases. • Part II (3-7): The predicative value of autoantibody screening. • Part III (6-7): Why autoantibody screening is needed. • Part IV (8-9): Studies on certain autoantibodies and related diseases.
3
4
A Mistake
5
• In the past 10 years a growing number of studies have revealed that the body makes certain antibodies directed against itself-otherwise known as autoantibodies-years, and sometimes a decade, before autoimmunity causes clinical diseases, damaging tissues so much that people begin showing symptoms.
7
P106 2nd paragraph
• Autoatibodies that presage certain other conditions, though, probably are more siren than fire, announcing brewing disease actually caused by other components of the immune system, such as cells known as T lymphocytes and macrophages.
9
P106, the last but one paragraph
• In this condition, which typically arises in children or teenagers, the immune system ambushes the beta cells in the pancreas. 患有这类疾病的人群主要为儿童或青少年， 他们的免疫系统会攻击胰腺内的beta细胞。
元素的化学性质取决于电子重组
• 与这种电子排列方式相同（尤其是最外层电子， 即价电子）的元素具有相同的化学性质。 元素的化学性质取决于其电子的排列方式（尤其 是最外层电子，即价电子）。电子排列相同，化 学性质相同。
brew: something unpleasant is likely to happen
8
•然而，预示其他疾病的自身抗体可能只是警报而非真的火灾， 也就是说它们宣告具有免疫系统的其他成员，如T淋巴细胞和 巨噬细胞，正策划疾病来捣乱。这时候，预防治疗需要针对的 应该是致病细胞。
然而，预示某些疾病的自身抗体可能只是警报而非真的火 灾，也就是说这些抗体正发出警告：免疫系统的其他成员， 如T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞，可能会引发疾病。在这种情况下， 预防治疗需要针对的应该是这些致病细胞。
6
• 在过去10年中，越来越多的研究发现人体会产生某些针对 自身的抗体，称为自身抗体。这种抗体在自身免疫系统引 发临床疾病，破坏人体组织，病人在发病前几年甚至十年 就开始出现这些症状。
在过去十年里，越来越多的研究显示，人体会产 生某些针对自身的抗体，称为自身抗体。这种抗 体会逐步破坏人体组织，引发自身免疫疾病，病 人在几年甚至十年后才出现临床症状。
New Predictor of Disease
疾病的新预测指标 Object：translation of attributive clause
1
autoimmune diseases, especially, antibodies as a new predictor of the
disease. 自身免疫疾病 抗体，自身免疫疾病的预测指标
10
定语从句的翻译——转译法
•状语化定语从句
转化为适当的状语
限制性定语从句
处理为前置定语 分切+合译
•定语从句
改变结构
重组 切断、展开（先行词）
非限制性定语从句
内容上是限制性的 处理为并列句（先行词）
11
转化为适当的状语
• In general, steam-operated electric power plants are located on rivers where barges can easily bring in the coal that the power plant consume everyday. 一般来说，热电厂都建在河边，以便驳船给电厂 常年供煤。
从原子能发电厂的铀元素中获得的能量可以用来 加热锅炉、产生蒸汽、驱动汽轮机，以带动交流 发电机。
14
重组 • The chemical properties of a certain element which
depend on the arrangement of these electrons, in particular the outer, or valence electrons, are the same.
处理为前置定语
• A coil of wire that moves in a magnetic field will have an e.m.f. induced in it.
在磁场中运动的线圈会产生感应电势。
• e.m.f. • eletromotive force 电动势，感应电势
13
分切+合译
• The energy obtained from uranium atoms in nuclearpower stations may be used to heat boilers and produce steam for the turbines that drive the alternator.
2
• Part I (1-2): The cause and consequence of autoimmune diseases. • Part II (3-7): The predicative value of autoantibody screening. • Part III (6-7): Why autoantibody screening is needed. • Part IV (8-9): Studies on certain autoantibodies and related diseases.
3
4
A Mistake
5
• In the past 10 years a growing number of studies have revealed that the body makes certain antibodies directed against itself-otherwise known as autoantibodies-years, and sometimes a decade, before autoimmunity causes clinical diseases, damaging tissues so much that people begin showing symptoms.
7
P106 2nd paragraph
• Autoatibodies that presage certain other conditions, though, probably are more siren than fire, announcing brewing disease actually caused by other components of the immune system, such as cells known as T lymphocytes and macrophages.
9
P106, the last but one paragraph
• In this condition, which typically arises in children or teenagers, the immune system ambushes the beta cells in the pancreas. 患有这类疾病的人群主要为儿童或青少年， 他们的免疫系统会攻击胰腺内的beta细胞。
元素的化学性质取决于电子重组
• 与这种电子排列方式相同（尤其是最外层电子， 即价电子）的元素具有相同的化学性质。 元素的化学性质取决于其电子的排列方式（尤其 是最外层电子，即价电子）。电子排列相同，化 学性质相同。
brew: something unpleasant is likely to happen
8
•然而，预示其他疾病的自身抗体可能只是警报而非真的火灾， 也就是说它们宣告具有免疫系统的其他成员，如T淋巴细胞和 巨噬细胞，正策划疾病来捣乱。这时候，预防治疗需要针对的 应该是致病细胞。
然而，预示某些疾病的自身抗体可能只是警报而非真的火 灾，也就是说这些抗体正发出警告：免疫系统的其他成员， 如T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞，可能会引发疾病。在这种情况下， 预防治疗需要针对的应该是这些致病细胞。
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• 在过去10年中，越来越多的研究发现人体会产生某些针对 自身的抗体，称为自身抗体。这种抗体在自身免疫系统引 发临床疾病，破坏人体组织，病人在发病前几年甚至十年 就开始出现这些症状。
在过去十年里，越来越多的研究显示，人体会产 生某些针对自身的抗体，称为自身抗体。这种抗 体会逐步破坏人体组织，引发自身免疫疾病，病 人在几年甚至十年后才出现临床症状。
New Predictor of Disease
疾病的新预测指标 Object：translation of attributive clause
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autoimmune diseases, especially, antibodies as a new predictor of the
disease. 自身免疫疾病 抗体，自身免疫疾病的预测指标
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定语从句的翻译——转译法
•状语化定语从句
转化为适当的状语
限制性定语从句
处理为前置定语 分切+合译
•定语从句
改变结构
重组 切断、展开（先行词）
非限制性定语从句
内容上是限制性的 处理为并列句（先行词）
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转化为适当的状语
• In general, steam-operated electric power plants are located on rivers where barges can easily bring in the coal that the power plant consume everyday. 一般来说，热电厂都建在河边，以便驳船给电厂 常年供煤。
从原子能发电厂的铀元素中获得的能量可以用来 加热锅炉、产生蒸汽、驱动汽轮机，以带动交流 发电机。
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重组 • The chemical properties of a certain element which
depend on the arrangement of these electrons, in particular the outer, or valence electrons, are the same.