大学生创新项目管理信息系统设计与实现外文翻译
大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计与实现
大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计与实现一、本文概述随着创新创业教育的深入发展，大学生创新创业项目日益增多，项目管理变得日益复杂。
传统的项目管理方式已无法满足现代大学生创新创业的需求，因此，开发一款适合大学生创新创业项目的管理系统显得尤为重要。
本文旨在探讨《大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计与实现》，通过对系统设计的阐述，以及对实现过程的详细分析，旨在为相关领域的研究和实践提供参考。
本文将首先介绍大学生创新创业项目的背景和现状，分析当前项目管理面临的挑战和问题。
随后，将详细阐述系统的设计思路，包括系统架构、功能模块、数据库设计等关键要素。
在系统设计的基础上，本文将重点介绍系统的实现过程，包括开发环境搭建、系统界面设计、核心功能实现等关键环节。
将对系统进行测试与评估，分析系统的性能、稳定性和易用性，并提出改进建议。
通过本文的研究，期望能够为大学生创新创业项目管理提供一种新的解决方案，提高项目管理的效率和质量，促进大学生创新创业活动的健康发展。
也期望本文能够为相关领域的研究者和实践者提供有益的参考和启示。
二、系统需求分析在《大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计与实现》这一课题中，系统需求分析是项目开展的重要前提。
通过对大学生创新创业项目的深入调研和综合分析，我们明确了系统的核心需求，为后续的系统设计和实现提供了坚实的基础。
系统需要支持大学生创新创业项目的全流程管理。
这包括项目的立项、进度跟踪、成果展示和结项等环节，确保项目管理的全面性和系统性。
同时，系统还应提供项目成员的角色分配和权限管理功能，以确保项目管理的规范性和安全性。
系统需要满足大学生创新创业项目的个性化需求。
每个项目都有其独特的研究方向、创新点和实施计划，因此系统需要提供灵活可配置的项目管理模板，以满足不同项目的个性化需求。
系统还应支持项目文档的在线编辑和版本控制，方便项目成员随时随地进行文档协作和管理。
再次，系统需要强调数据分析和可视化功能。
通过对项目数据的深入挖掘和分析，系统可以帮助用户发现项目管理的瓶颈和问题，为项目决策提供有力支持。
大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计与开发
3、界面设计：界面设计遵循简洁明了、易于操作的原则。系统采用网页形式， 运用响应式布局，支持多种设备浏览。
四、系统实现
1、模块与协作：各模块之间相互独立又相互依赖，用户可以根据权限和需求 进行操作和交互。
2、系统运行效果：系统运行稳定、可靠，能够满足大量用户同时访问和操作 的需求。
3、后续维护与发展：系统采用模块化设计，易于维护和扩展，可根据需求随 时添加或修改功能模块。
通过以上的设计与开发过程，我们成功地设计并开发出了一款适合大学生创新 创业项目管理的系统。该系统具有以下优点：首先，它具有申报项目方便快捷 的特点，可以帮助大学生快速提交创新创业项目；其次，它可以进行项目自动 评审，根据设定的评审标准对项目进行自动排序和筛选；再次，它可以实时监 控项目的执行情况，及时发现和解决问题；最后，它具有数据统计和分析功能， 可以对项目的执行情况和效果进行全面的分析和评估。
在系统开发阶段，我们采用了Java语言和MySQL数据库进行开发。首先，我们 根据系统的功能和架构设计了数据库表结构，并进行了数据库的建立和优化。 然后，我们根据系统的模块划分，分别进行了模块的开发和调试。最后，我们 对系统进行了界面美化和稳定性优化，确保系统的易用性和稳定性。
为了确保系统的正确性和可靠性，我们对系统进行了测试。我们采用了黑盒测 试和白盒测试两种方法，对系统的各个模块进行了测试，并进行了测试结果的 统计和分析。通过测试，我们发现系统存在一些问题，并针对这些问题进行了 系统的修正和优化。
四、项目特色
本项目的特色主要体现在以下几个方面：
1、技术创新：采用最先进的技术架构和开发工具，确保系统的稳定性和可扩 展性。
2、管理创新：将项目管理理论和实践相结合，通过信息化手段创新项目管理 方式，提高学生项目管理的效率和效果。
学生信息系统设计中英文对照翻译
英文：Student Information Management SystemOf a school, it can provide users with adequate information and efficient query tool. But there has been people using traditional artificial way, have brought many difficulties for data search, update and maintain.With the continuous improvement of the science and technology, computer science is the maturing of its powerful features has a profound understanding of people. Using a computer to manage student information, with a lot of manual management of the incomparable advantages, such as: the rapid retrieval, find a convenient, high reliability, memory capacity, security and good, long life, low cost. These advantages can the earth to improve work efficiency, therefore, to develop a student information management software is necessary. This system is to use the Visual FoxPro development and production of student information management system, has the following advantages:1) can be quickly and efficiently to achieve school student information, online query performance information;2) can easily achieve the elective operation;3) the statistics of students' basic information, and print4) just one to two management staff to the operating system, save a lot of manpower.System requirements analysis through surveys, the system needs to have the following features:1) requires a good man-machine interface to facilitate the management of the operation;2) the system using the object, requiring better management of privileges;3) the original data to modify a simple and convenient, multi-condition changes;4) to facilitate data queries, support for multi-criteria query;5) can automatically be selected and withdraw from the election operation according to the school courses.Considering this system is mainly aimed at schools, design Student Information Management System's main purpose is to use fast queries and computing capabilities of the computer, replacing the manual processing of management data, and thus the system should function, including students' basic information management, school offered by the course management, course management and performance management. The ongoing management of a variety of information of the students to achieve the modern office, we must often query the data, modify, add, delete, statistics and print and other operations by computer, therefore, the design of information management system should include these features module.Function of the system, combined with the practicality of operating convenience, the student information management system should include the system of the main module and query, maintenance, statistics, course selection and printing of several functional modules.1) the main module. This module is the main interface of the student information management, it is only that the population into the system. In the interface, thelegitimacy of the identification of system users, adding users, modify user operation, while the functional modules of the system operation method prompts.2) the query module. Query mode that the main function is to provide for the data query operation of the user interface, the user can select the appropriate query object based on the query target, and then specify the query basis, related to the query data.3) maintenance module. Maintenance module's main function is to allow users of the data in the database maintenance operations, such as add, delete, modify. The upper body of the procedure is to first select the need to maintain the object (table), then the data need to be celebrated by maintenance work.4) statistical module. The main function of the statistics module to achieve the results of the course students learn the appropriate statistical operations. Statistics in accordance with students' personal circumstances or single subject statistics.5) elective modules. The elective module courses offered by the school elective operating. In this module, provides courses to choose from, users can according to their course selection or withdraw from the election operation, elective operation can also be carried out under certain conditions, the courses can be selected credits and gate count statistics .6) Print module. Print print module real calamity for some basic information.In the implementation of this system, first of all according to the needs of different users to select the appropriate module, then the appropriate response based on the user's actions. Overall, the system is a transaction management system. Transaction processing, the system shown in Figure 2.Entities involved in database design student information management system student entity, program entities and achievements entity, which can create the corresponding database table used to store the data information of the entity. In this system, students entities and the results between the entities, the course entities and the results between the entities, a one-to-many relationship, through the index to establish the appropriate contact.The main interface of the system is the control system functional modules of the application program interface, the user can perform the various functions of the system, through the interface and the interface is still a form to.Functional sub-modules in the system query, the query on the students' basic information, course information and performance information, can form in the form of frames to the organization.1)"Student Information" query interface. Student information query interface the user can select the query conditions (name, student number, or professional) to find the students checked the students found will be displayed in the table below.2)"Course Information" query interface. The course information query interface, users can select your search criteria (course name, course number) to find the courses offered by the school, checked to find the courses will be displayed in the table below.3)"performance information" query interface. "Achievements" in the queryinterface, users can select the "Student Number" to query the results of the students in all courses, select the "Course Number" to find the results of the course students, checked the information found in the table below displayed.Syem maintenance interface is the main maintenance operations on the data in the database. The specific procedure is to first select the object (table) need to be maintained, then the need for a corresponding increase, delete, modify, and other operations.System statistics interface is mainly used for the statistics on student achievement, the main design in this system the two statistical methods, a statistics in accordance with the individual students, the other statistics in accordance with the Billing Division.System elective interface real calamity of the courses offered by the school elective operation. Offers a choice of courses in this interface, the user can according to their course selection or withdraw from the election operation, elective operation can also be carried out under certain conditions, the courses can be selected credits and gate count statistics. The interface by way of form.System print screen to print a variety of information. In the interface, you can call the form of statements in the form.Overall, this system is to use the Visual FoxPro development and design of a student information management system. School student information through the system, performance information query, modify, statistics, printing operations, and elective operation; these operations only one to two management staff to complete and save a lot of manpower, which greatly facilitates the school for students a variety of information management, improve the work efficiency, provided the conditions for the school of modern management.The following are a few examples of the application of the Visual FoxPro development and designExample one. Enrollment of new students is an important task of the annual new semester enrollment. Although admission enrollment database already has a lot of the new students’ electronic information, because of large number of guys, large amount of the data and the changes in timeliness require high, management is more complicated. If using the traditional manual processing,it is not only time-consuming, but also directly affect the quality of work and work efficiency, extremely incompatible with the management requirements of the Information Age . Therefore, in order to save manpower, time and to ensure the accuracy of management information, and subsequently to achieve the modernization of College Student Management, the development of college students in the unit rule requires the electronic registration system has become an urgent need to address the problem of the management and development of colleges and universities . VFP(Visual Foxpro)is a very good database application development software and an object-oriented programming language. It uses a visual programming system designed data access speed, compatibility, has strong portability and simple operation interface, easy to get started. In addition, due to the VFP itself NCRE two compulsory subjects, the school has a broad user base, therefore, the choice of the VFP design and development of college students in the electronic registrationsystem.Example two. Design and Implement a child care information management system developed with Visual Foxpro6.0. The system is based on C / S mode operation. Using the first to build a prototype of the local multi-user management information systems, and then promoted to the route of the C / S system development. This paper analyzes the system requirements, database design and system structure and function, and mainly discusses the key problems of the child care placement, system security control, and a sharing violation.Example three. College student should finish the photo collection unified by the Xinhua News Agency before graduation, it is sued for the diploma and on-line academic qualifications. Before the photo collection,students need to correctly fill in the “Higher education certificate image acquisition card”. The name card code, institution code, Where the campus, and other information are unfimiliar to students who are relatively unknown. Inorder to better serve students, usually bit is the school who to collate and print out the data need to fill in the information capture card data items ,then Released to the students to fill.Example four.Facing of in a wide variety of data and reports that in the evaluation process of the private enterprises, manual handling has been significantly behind the pace of modern management, the use of modern IT in the management of the assessment process is becoming a trend, based on the the VFP evaluation of management information systems, a fully object-oriented analysis and design methods, more human-friendly interface, simple and easy-to-read algorithms to achieve a convenient entry, classification, query, statistics, reports, print function, so that private enterprise assessment management can be more systematic and standardized, automation, improve work efficiency.中文：学生信息管理系统学生信息管理系统是一个学校不可缺少的部分，它能够为用户提供充足的信息和快捷的查询手段。
毕业论文和外文翻译要求内容
毕业论⽂和外⽂翻译要求内容沈阳农业⼤学本科⽣毕业论⽂（设计）撰写要求与格式规范（2008年7⽉修订）毕业论⽂（设计）是培养学⽣综合运⽤所学知识，分析和解决实际问题，提⾼实践能⼒和创造能⼒的重要教学环节，是记录科学研究成果的重要⽂献，也是学⽣申请学位的基本依据。
为保证本科⽣毕业论⽂（设计）质量，促进国内外学术交流，特制定《沈阳农业⼤学本科⽣毕业论⽂（设计）撰写要求与格式规范》。
⼀、毕业论⽂（设计）的基本结构毕业论⽂（设计）的基本结构是：1.前置部分：包括封⾯、任务书、选题审批表、指导记录、考核表、中（外）⽂摘要、关键词和⽬录等。
2.主体部分：包括前⾔、正⽂、参考⽂献、附录和致谢等。
⼆、毕业论⽂（设计）的内容要求（⼀）前置部分1．封⾯由学校统⼀设计。
2．毕业论⽂（设计）任务书毕业论⽂（设计）任务由各教学单位负责安排，并根据已确定的论⽂（设计）课题下达给学⽣，作为学⽣和指导教师共同从事毕业论⽂（设计）⼯作的依据。
毕业论⽂（设计）任务书的内容包括课题名称、学⽣姓名、下发⽇期、论⽂（设计）的主要内容与要求、毕业论⽂（设计）的⼯作进度和起⽌时间等。
3．论⽂（设计）选题审批表4．论⽂（设计）指导记录5．毕业论⽂（设计）考核表指导教师评语、评阅⼈评审意见分别由指导教师和评阅⼈填写，答辩委员会意见、评定成绩以及是否授予学⼠学位的建议等材料应由答辩委员会填写。
6．中（外）⽂摘要摘要是毕业论⽂（设计）研究内容及结论的简明概述，具有独⽴性和⾃含性。
其内容包括论⽂（设计）的主要内容、试（实）验⽅法、结果、结论和意义等。
中⽂摘要不少于400字；英⽂摘要必须⽤第三⼈称，采⽤现在时态编写。
7．关键词关键词均应为专业名词（或词组），注意专业术语的通⽤性，数量⼀般为3－5个；外⽂关键词与中⽂关键词⼀⼀对应。
8．⽬录⽬录由论⽂（设计）的章、节、附录等序号、名称和页码组成。
（⼆）主体部分1.前⾔（引⾔或序⾔）简要说明本项研究课题的提出及其研究意义（学术、实⽤价值），本项研究的前⼈⼯作基础及其欲深⼊研究的⽅向和思路、⽅法以及要解决的主要问题等。
九江学院大学生创新创业项目管理系统毕业设计论文
JIU JIANG UNIVERSITY毕业论文题目九江学院大学生创新创业项目管理系统英文题目Jiujiang University Students’ Innovative Undertaking Project Management System 院系信息科学与技术学院专业信息管理与信息系统班级学号 A123226二Ｏ一六年五月毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。
对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
作者签名：日期：指导教师签名：日期：使用授权说明本人完全了解大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。
作者签名：日期：学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。
除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。
作者签名：日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。
本人授权大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。
项目风险管理外文翻译
外文翻译As one of the important subjects of project management originated the First World War, and now it has been becoming more and more systematic and professional. In China the systematic project risk management framework was developed by the end of last century, but the practical application of project risk management still needs further improvement. With above background, this thesis focused on the medium or large real estate project, research project character, project management, typical Chinese construction project process, risk management, and project risk management. The first chapter briefed the current international and domestic study status of the subject, thesis purpose, and thesis scope, which are risk and its countermeasures research for the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. The second chapter briefed the concept and character of real estate project, risk of project, and project risk management, which is the theoretical foundation of further risk management study for the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. Chapter3,4 and 5 are the project risk management practice on the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. Chapter 3 is for project engineering risk management, which introduced the concept, purpode, and principle of project engineering at the beginning, and then analyzed the engineering objective, including schedule, cost, and quality, at last it identified and analyzed the project engineering risks and provided design change procedure and design company selection procedure as the risk response. Chapter 4 detailed the concept, principle, objective and key roles of project procurement, identified and assessed the project procurement risk, and also provided contractor selection procedure, vendor selection procedure, examples of procurement plans to response and monitor project risk. Chapter 5 firstly introduced the construction concept, character, process and project construction objectives, including quality objective, schedule objective, and safety objective, and then identified and assessed construction quality risk, schedule risk, cost risk and safety risk, The postscript of this thesis briefed the dynamic project risk management concept, restriction and limitation of this thesis, and opportunities for further research. Totally there are 14 appendixes attached after the thesis. These appendixes could be used as guidance and reference of risk management for real estate project. They are provided to be very useful in term of risk management for real estate project implementation phases.Project risk management as a procedure of optimism and decision, in which information will come out gradually in the multistage construction. The key to the risk management is how to select the risk response plan. Directed by the system theory and combined the theory of option pricing and project risk management, this paper adopts criterion method to analyze the management and activity in the stage of engineering project implement on the base of comparison to relative documents. This paper emphatically argues the choice of response plans under the condition of risks according to the established analysis frame. These forecasts are hypotheses abstract form the similar project performed before, whether they are actual or not will hugely affect the success of project The implement stage means project period from the location to product whose target is transform the plan to real and mark the aims. The implement stage occupies the most period of project, has huge work, consume the most resource. What is worth to mind is that the implement stage isprocess not only to form the real proprirty but also product information, for example, the knowledge of field status and the capability of contractor can only be obtained form implement. So in order to mark the target, the manager must test the hypotheses and use the new information assess the status of influence element, choose the best response plan according to the condition. This paper has value in instructing the project investor/manager in how to establish a risk management configuration and making decision under risk condition in the implement stage of construction project.This thesis begins with the knowledge system of project management, analyses the whole course of risk management and sets forth the method and program of project risk identification, risk appraisement and risk monitoring in project minutely. Finally, It shows a risk case of building project focal point for the investment decision of early stage with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Chapter 1 Discuss the important concept, method and knowledge system of project risk management, such as the definition of project, the knowledge system of project management PMBOKX the intension of risk, the content of risk management and so on ,carry out the risk analysis of building project emphatically. Chapter 2 Mainly introduce the tool and technology of project risk identification, such as checking table, the rules of systems analysis(WBS), the method of SWOT technology. Thinking of the demerit for every tool, hence author emphasize that we should appraise the gained information resource synthetically. Chapter 3 Explain how to go on the estimation and assessment of project risk, put forward the tool and technology of project risk analysis (as AHP, probability and sensitivity analysis ). When analyzing project risk quantitatively, first we should have definite warranty, do not surmise risk without foundation; Secondly, distinguish confirmed project from unconfirmed project in quantitative analysis. When using two important tools of quantitative risk analysis—probability and sensitivity analysis, one side is to estimate the probability of risk variable exactly; the other side is to judge and analyze the guidelines of probability analysis truly, as square margin, expected figure, disperse modulus. Through quantifying risk, it can strengthen our sense of risk management. Chapter 4 Elaborate the basic method of monitoring project risk. In order to carry into execution monitoring project risk, it is essential to establish perfect replying risk plan. The main steps is: lessening risk, take precautions against risk (as project method, instructing method, program method), conveying risk selling, inviting public bidding, the contract of absolving obligation, insurance and guarantee), avoidance, leave behind and measure in support. Chapter 5 A risk management example. First, analyze the various possible existent risk factors of this project systematically. Secondly, study its sensitivity factor thorough quantifying assessment risk for the project, as well as establishing and putting in practice a plan in order to control the negative influence in minimum level. The building has total 130500 square in architectural area, superior geographical location and tremendously potential value, its overall investment is 4.26 hundreds million. This chapter first studies the market from place environment all around traffic and market requirement, then analyzes systematically financing risk and organic risk of joint venture. On the basis of foregoing analysis, it establishes some parameter of risk quantifying analysis, calculates its selling revenue running expense and cash flow form, uses sensitivity analysis to gain best sensitivity factor. As the uncertain essence of risk, it is extremely important to analyze probability factor of the project. So we confirm the probability form of every variable, then calculatepresent value of each possible event according to different constitutes of risk variable; and sort all possible events according to their present values from small to big, calculate accumulative probability, square margin and disperse modulus, thus analyze the risk of project quantitatively, provide quantitative support for supervisor when they will make a decision. Comparing with international advanced level, our country has great gap on the link of how to apply theory of project risk management to practice of project management, especially short of system research in project risk management. On the basis International project contracting is rather a complex project in the cooperation of international economy and technology, and the implementing of the projects will be influenced by political, economy and social situations Firstly, this paper systemically analyzed the market situation of the international project contracting, and concretely analyzed the market structure in Asia, America, Africa and Europe. It concluded the trend of the development of the international contracting market; projects are becoming large-scale and complex and the contracting pattern is diversified, and the management of the international project contracting is standardized. Secondly, this paper analyzed the development status and characteristic of the international project contracting in our country. Although the internationalization tendency of our country’s international project contracting firm is preferable, there is large gap in the whole strength when compared with firms from the developed countries, and also there are limitations in the distributing of the projects in different regions and industries. Thirdly, this paper summarized the technique of international project contracting risk identification, estimate and appraise in our country. Put forward to finance and non-finance risk treating means, and apply the energy release theory to international project contracting risk management, and research the dominating risk in the bid phase and construction and build the energy release model of each phrase. In the cases of Kun River Hydroelectric Station Project in Vietnam and Aromatic Plant Shali Irrigation Project in Nepal, this paper put forward to the technique of the international project contracting risk identification, estimation, appraise and reply in dealing with the project risk. Finally, in the risk estimation and risk appraise, this paper paid attention to evaluate the losing caused by the risk exactly; in the risk reply ,give attention to two aspects of cost and return, look after the economic and logical risk reply measure, in order to make the project risk least, the operating of companies most efficiently and the return highest外文翻译项目风险管理作为项目管理的重要内容之一，起源于第一次世界大战之后。
外文翻译-----学生信息管理系统的设计与发展
外文翻译-----学生信息管理系统的设计与发展随着信息技术的不断发展，各种管理系统相继出现，使得日常生活变得更加有条理，网络资源的合理利用可以减少人工管理的不便和时间浪费。
随着21世纪现代化程度的加速和科学文化水平的提高，学生数量的急剧增长增加了管理学生信息的压力。
人工检索的低效完全不符合社会的需要。
因此，学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种。
目前，随着信息技术的不断发展，网络技术已经广泛应用于各行各业。
各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前需要手工操作的繁琐事务都得到了快速且高效率的解决。
特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。
Managing a XXX involves a lot of data entry。
querying。
XXX。
the n of computer management systems XXX。
managing student n is a complex and us task due to the large number of students and the extensive database of student n。
To address this issue。
a student n management system was developed using the powerful VB6.0 development tool。
The system was designed tomeet the requirements of easy n。
attractive and flexible interface。
and practicality。
It covers the entire process of student n management。
including system management。
大学生创新创业项目计划英文
大学生创新创业项目计划英文In recent years, the importance of entrepreneurship and innovation among university students has been increasingly recognized worldwide. With the rapid technological advancements and the ever-changing business landscape, it has become crucial for university students to develop the necessary skills and knowledge to turn their ideas into successful ventures.University students are often at the forefront of innovation, possessing the creativity, enthusiasm, and technical expertise to tackle complex challenges. Many universities have recognized this potential and have implemented programs and initiatives to foster entrepreneurship and innovation among their student populations.One such program is the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Plan. This initiative provides university students with the resources, mentorship, and support needed to transform their innovative ideas into real-world business ventures. The plan encompasses a comprehensive approach to nurturing the entrepreneurial spirit of students, from idea generation to market implementation.The first step in the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Plan is the development of a well-structured business plan. This plan serves as a roadmap for the student entrepreneurs, outlining the key components of their venture, including the product or service, the target market, the competitive landscape, the financial projections, and the marketing strategy. By creating a detailed business plan, students are able to critically analyze the feasibility and viability of their ideas, identify potential challenges, and develop strategies to overcome them.One of the unique aspects of this program is the emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration. Students from different academic backgrounds, such as engineering, business, and the sciences, are encouraged to work together to bring their diverse skills and perspectives to the table. This approach fosters cross-pollination of ideas and allows for the creation of more well-rounded and innovative solutions.Another crucial element of the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Plan is the access to mentorship and guidance from experienced entrepreneurs, industry experts, and successful business leaders. These mentors provide invaluable insights, advice, and support to the student entrepreneurs, helping them navigate the complexities of starting and growing a successful business.In addition to the mentorship component, the program also offers a range of practical workshops and training sessions designed to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to transform their ideas into reality. These sessions cover topics such as market research, product development, financial management, marketing, and pitching to investors.One of the most exciting aspects of the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Plan is the opportunity for students to secure funding and investment for their ventures. The program often features pitch competitions and investment forums where students can present their business ideas to potential investors and funding sources. This exposure not only provides the necessary capital to launch and scale their ventures but also valuable feedback and networking opportunities.Moreover, the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Plan encourages students to think beyond the traditional career paths and consider entrepreneurship as a viable option. By fostering an entrepreneurial mindset and providing the necessary support, the program empowers students to take ownership of their ideas and turn them into successful businesses.The impact of such programs on the personal and professionaldevelopment of university students cannot be overstated. Participating students not only gain the skills and knowledge required to start and grow a business but also develop invaluable soft skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and teamwork. These skills are highly sought after by employers and are essential for success in the modern workforce.In conclusion, the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Plan is a powerful initiative that is transforming the way university students approach their educational and career paths. By nurturing the entrepreneurial spirit and providing the necessary resources and support, this program is empowering the next generation of innovators and business leaders to tackle the challenges of the 21st century and create a more prosperous future.。
大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计与实现
大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计与实现作者：支馨悦来源：《电脑知识与技术》2018年第29期摘要：随着市场经济的发展和市场人才需求出现变化，大学生创新创业能力的培养受到重视，如何提高大学生创新创业教育质量，促进大学生全面发展成为高校教师重点关注的问题。
因此在研究中要从大学生创新创业教育入手，对创新创业项目管理系统的设计和实现进行探究，希望能够为大学生培养工作提供有价值参考。
关键词：大学生；创新创业；项目管理系统；设计；实现中图分类号：TP393 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-3044（2018）29-0088-02近几年，随着我国高校组织开展人才培养工作的过程中，全面加强对创新创业教育的重视，并且在优化创新创业教育方面做出了相应的实践探索，极大地推动了创新创业教育的优化开展，高校创新创业人才培养工作质量也得到了逐步提高。
但是需要注意的是，在开展大学生创新创业教育的过程中，相关管理信息系统的设计和应用还不够合理，无法为大学生创新创业教育的开展提供有效的支撑。
因此十分有必要针对大学生创新创业项目管理系统的设计和实现进行分析，促进大学生创新创业实践活动的优化开展。
1大学生创新创业项目管理平台问题对大学生创新创业项目实践进行分析，发现其在培养高校大学生创新能力、创业能力和实践能力方面发挥着关键性的作用，并且在我国提出要在高等教育领域实施大学生创新创业教育后，很多学校都在这方面做出了相应的实践探索，为大学生创新创业能力的培养创造了理想化的条件。
但是必须明确注意的是，在开展大学生创新创业实践活动的过程中，要想充分发挥出大学生创新创业教育实践的重要作用，高校就必须借助科学的管理促进教育实践技术水平的提高。
因此十分有必要对大学生创新创业项目管理方面的内容进行分析，确保能够通过科学的管理，使学生管理人员从烦琐的管理工作中解脱出来，提高管理效率和水平，争取为大学生群体提供多元化的服务。
而大学生创新创业管理系统能够为管理工作创造一定的便利，对管理系统进行分析，能够看出大学生创新创业项目管理平台系统主要是为在校大学生参与创新创业项目提供的信息管理系统，在系统的设计方面采用了B/S架构以及MVC模式，能够为大学生参与创新创业项目管理提供相应的支持，对相关资料实施信息化审核、管理，对于当前高校对大学生创新创业项目管理具有较强的实际意义[1]。
管理信息系统外文翻译
英文文献翻译二〇年月日科技文章摘译Definition of a Management Information SystemThere is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS” because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system” instead of “MIS” to refer to an organizational information system.A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below.1 Computer-based user-machine systemConceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user.User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s input-output device (usually a visual display terminal) is connected to the computer. The computer can be a personal computer serving only one user or a large computer that serves a number of users through terminals connected by communication lines. The user input-output device permits direct input of data and immediate output of results. For instance, a person using the computer interactively in financial planning poses “what if” questions by entering input at the terminal keyboard; the results are displayed on the screen in a few second.The computer-based user-machine characteristics of an MIS affect the knowledge requirements of both system developer and system user. “computer-based” means that the designer of a management information system must have knowledge of computers and of their use in processing. The “user-machine” concept means the system designer should also understand the capabilities of humans as system components (as information processors) and the behavior of humans as users of information.Information system applications should not require users to be computer experts. However, users need to be able to specify their information requirements; some understanding of computers, the nature of information, and its use in various management function aids users in this task.2 Integrated systemManagement information system typically provides the basis for integration of organizational information processing. Individual applications within information systems are developed for and by diverse sets of users. If there are no integrating processes and mechanisms, the individual applications may be inconsistent and incompatible. Data item may be specified differently and may not be compatible across applications that use the same data. There may be redundant development of separate applications when actually a single application could serve more than one need. A user wanting to perform analysis using data from two different applications may find the task very difficult and sometimes impossible.The first step in integration of information system applications is an overall information system plan. Even though application systems areimplemented one at a time, their design can be guided by the overall plan, which determines how they fit in with other functions. In essence, the information system is designed as a planed federation of small systems.Information system integration is also achieved through standards, guidelines, and procedures set by the MIS function. The enforcement of such standards and procedures permit diverse applications to share data, meet audit and control requirements, and be shares by multiple users. For instance, an application may be developed to run on a particular small computer. Standards for integration may dictate that the equipment selected be compatible with the centralized database. The trend in information system design is toward separate application processing form the data used to support it. The separate database is the mechanism by which data items are integrated across many applications and made consistently available to a variety of users. The need for a database in MIS is discussed below.3 Need for a databaseThe term “information” and “data” are frequently used interchangeably; however, information is generally defined as data that is meaningful or useful to the recipient. Data items are therefore the raw material for producing information.The underlying concept of a database is that data needs to be managed in order to be available for processing and have appropriate quality. This data management includes both software and organization. The software to create and manage a database is a database management system.When all access to any use of database is controlled through a database management system, all applications utilizing a particular data item access the same data item which is stored in only one place. A single updating of the data item updates it for all uses. Integration through a database management system requires a central authority for the database. The data can be stored in one central computer or dispersed among several computers; the overriding requirement is that there is an organizational function to exercise control.4 Utilization of ModelsIt is usually insufficient for human recipients to receive only raw data or even summarized data. Data usually needs to be processed andpresented in such a way that the result is directed toward the decision to be made. To do this, processing of data items is based on a decision model. For example, an investment decision relative to new capital expenditures might be processed in terms of a capital expenditure decision model.Decision models can be used to support different stages in the decision-making process. “Intelligence” models can be used to search for problems and/or opportunities. Models can be used to identify and analyze possible solutions. Choice models such as optimization models maybe used to find the most desirable solutionIn other words, multiple approaches are needed to meet a variety of decision situations. The following are examples and the type of model that might be included in an MIS to aid in analysis in support of decision-making; in a comprehensive information system, the decision maker has available a set of general models that can be applied to many analysis and decision situations plus a set of very specific models for unique decisions. Similar models are available for planning and control. The set of models is the model base for the MIS.The management information system (MIS) not only supports the underlying bed administrator, moreover may support the intermediate deck personnel's control check, for high level also can provide certain information. The management information system frame by four parts: Information source, information processor, information user and information superintendent. The information source is the information production place; Information processor burden task/role and so on information transmission, processing, save; The information user is the information user, carries on the decision-making using the information; The information superintendent is responsible for the information system the design, the implementation and the safeguarding. The management information system is regarded as generally a pyramid shape the structure, divides into from the lower level handling of traffic to the operating control, the control check, the topmost story strategic planning. The most basic unit greatly processes the numerous and diverse transaction information and the state information framing by the task/role.In a word, the management information system (Management InformationSystem, MIS), is by the artificial leadership, using the computer hardware, the software, the network communicates these devices and other office equipments carries on the information the collection, the transmission, the processing, the storage, the update and the safeguarding by achieved the enterprise strategy competes superior, enhances the benefit and the efficiency target, supports the enterprise the high level decision-making, the intermediate deck check and the basic unit operation integration man-machine system. MIS is the superintendent provides the report, provides the enterprise the recent situation as well as the historic record. This system main localization is aims at in the enterprise, for control function and so on level plan, check and decision-making serves, provides the data generally by the lower level handling of traffic system. MIS will be able the actual enterprise's each kind of run situation, and using the past historical data forecast future, embarks the assistance enterprise from the enterprise overall situation angle to carry on the decision-making, used the message control enterprise the behavior, helped the enterprise to achieve its plan管理信息系统的定义对于“管理信息系统”并没有一致的定义。
毕业设计论文外文文献翻译计算机科学与技术微软VisualStudio中英文对照
外文文献翻译（2012届）学生姓名学号********专业班级计算机科学与技术08-5班指导教师微软Visual Studio1微软Visual StudioVisual Studio 是微软公司推出的开发环境，Visual Studio可以用来创建Windows平台下的Windows应用程序和网络应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和Office 插件。
Visual Studio是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE（inteqrated development environment），它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE、.NET框架、.NET精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站，Web应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。
Visual Studio包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。
集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。
其他内置工具包括一个窗体设计的GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。
它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能，包括增加对支持源代码控制系统（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客户端：团队资源管理器）。
Visual Studio支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。
内置的语言中包括C/C + +中（通过Visual C++）,（通过Visual ），C＃中（通过Visual C＃）和F＃（作为Visual Studio 2010），为支持其他语言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通过安装单独的语言服务。
information systems management英文原文+翻译 学生信息管理系统的设计与发展 文献翻译
The Design and Development of the Students' Information Management SystemAs information technology advances, various management systems have emerged to change the daily lives of the more coherent, to the extent possible, the use of network resources can be significantly reasonable reduction of manual management inconvenience and waste of time.Accelerating the modernization of the 21st century, the continuous improvement of the scientific and cultural levels, the rapid growth of the number of students will inevitably increase the pressure information management students, the inefficient manual retrieval completely incompatible with the community\'s needs. The Student Information Management Systemis an information management one kind within system, currently information technique continuously of development, the network technique has already been applied in us extensively nearby of every trade, there is the network technical development, each high schools all make use of a calculator to manage to do to learn, the school is operated by handicraft before of the whole tedious affairs all got fast and solve high-efficiencily, especially student result management the system had in the school very big function, all can be more convenient, fast for the student and the teacher coming saying and understand accurately with management everyone noodles information. AbstractIt is a very heavy and baldness job of managing a bulky database by manpower. The disadvantage, such as great capacity of work, low efficiency and long period, exist in data inputting, demanding and modification. So the computer management system will bring us a quite change.Because there are so many students in the school, the data of students' information is huge, it makes the management of the information become a complicated and tedious work. This system aims at the school, passing by practically of demand analysis, adopt mighty VB6.0 to develop the student information managementsystem. The whole system design process follow the principle of simple operation, beautiful and vivid interface and practical request. The student information management system including the function of system management, basic information management, study management, prize and punishment management , print statement and so on. Through the proof of using, the student information management system which this text designed can satisfy the school to manage the demand of the aspect to students' information. The thesis introduced the background of development, the functions demanded and the process of design. The thesis mainly explained the point of the system design, the thought of design, the difficult technique and the solutions. The student managed the creation of the system to reduce the inconvenience on the manpower consumedly, let the whole student the data management is more science reasonable.The place that this system has most the special features is the backstage database to unify the management to student's information.That system mainly is divided into the system management, student profession management, student file management, school fees management, course management, result management and print the statement.The interface of the system is to make use of the vb software creation of, above few molds pieces are all make use of the vb to control a the piece binds to settle of method to carry out the conjunction toward the backstage database, the backstage database probably is divided into following few formses:Professional information form, the charges category form, student the job form, student the information form, political feature form of student, the customer logs on the form The system used Client/Server structure design, the system is in the data from one server and a number of Taiwan formed LAN workstations. Users can check the competence of different systems in different users submit personal data, background database you can quickly given the mandate to see to the content.Marks management is a important work of school,the original manual management havemany insufficiencies,the reasons that,students' population are multitudinous in school,and each student's information are too complex,thus the work load are extremely big,the statistics and the inquiry have been inconvenient.Therefore,how to solve these insufficiencies,let the marks management to be more convenient and quickly,have a higher efficiency,and become a key question.More and more are also urgent along with school automationthe marks management when science and technology rapid development,therefore is essential to develop the software system of marks register to assist the school teaching management.So that can improve the marks management,enhance the efficiency of management.Systems Analysis and Design SystemsWorking under control of a stored program, a computer processes data into information. Think about that definition for a minute. Any given computer application involves at least three components: hardware, software, and data. Merely writing a program isn’t enough, because the program is but one component is in a system.A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective. For example, consider a payroll system. Its objective is paying employees. What components are involved? Each day, employees record their hours worked on time cards. At the end of each week, the time cards are collected and delivered to the computer center, where they are read into a payroll program. As it runs, the program accesses data files. Finally, the paychecks are printed and distributed. For the system to work, people, procedures, input and output media, files, hardware, and software must be carefully coordinated. Note that the program is but one component in a system.Systems AnalysisComputer-based systems are developed because people need information. Those people,called users, generally know what is required, but may lack the expertise to obtain it. Technical professionals, such as programmers, have the expertise, but may lack training in the user’s field. To complicate matters, users an d programmers often seem to speak different languages, leading to communication problems. A systems analyst is a professional who translates user needs into technical terms, thus serving as a bridge between users and technical professionals.Like an engineer or an architect, a systems analyst solves problems by combining solid technical skills with insight, imagination, and a touch of art. Generally, the analyst follows a well-defined, methodical process that includes at least the following steps: Problem definitionAnalysisDesignImplementationMaintenanceAt the end of each step, results are documented and shared with both the user and the programmers. The idea is to catch and correct errors and misunderstandings as early as possible. Perhaps the best way to illustrate the process is through example.Picture a small clothing store that purchases merchandise at wholesale, displays this stock, and sells it to customers at retail. On the one hand, too much: stock represents an unnecessary expense. On the other hand, a poor selection discourages shoppers. Ideally, a balance can be achieved: enough, but not too much.Complicating matters is the fact that inventory is constantly changing, with customer purchases depleting stock, and returns and reorders adding to it. The owner would like to track inventory levels and reorder any given item just before the store runs out. For a single item, the task is easy-just count the stock-on-hand. Unfortunately, the store has hundreds of different items, and keeping track of each one is impractical. Perhaps a computer might help.Problem DefinitionThe first step in the systems analysis and design process is problem definition. Theanalyst’s objective is determining what the user needs. Note that, as the process begins, the user possesses the critical information, and the analyst must listen and learn. Few users are technical experts. Most see the computer as a “magic box,” and are not concerned with how it works. At this stage, the analyst has no business even thinking about programs, files, and computer hardware, but must communicate with the user on his or her own terms.The idea is to ensure that both the user and the analyst are thinking about the same thing. Thus, a clear, written statement expressing the analyst’s underst anding of the problem is essential. The user should review and correct this written statement. The time to catch misunderstandings and oversights is now, before time, money, and effort are wasted. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, the analyst performs a feasibility study. The study, a brief capsule version of the entire systems analysis and design process, attempts to answer three questions:1.Can the problem be solved?2.Can it be solved in the user’s environment?3.Can it be solved at a reasonable cost?If the answer to any one of these questions is no, the system should not be developed. Given a good problem definition and a positive feasibility study, the analyst can turn to planning and developing a problem solution.AnalysisAs analysis begins, the analyst understands the problem. The next step is determining what must be done to solve it. The user knows what must be done; during analysis, this knowledge is extracted and formally documented. Most users think in terms of the functions to be performed and the data elements to be manipulated. The objective is to identify and link these key functions and data elements, yielding a logical system design. Start with the system’s basic functions. The key is keeping track of the stock-on-hand for each product in inventory. Inventory changes because customers purchase, exchange, and return products, so the system will have to process customer transactions. The store’s owner wants to selectively look at the inventory level for any product in short supply and,if appropriate, order replacement stock, so the system must be able to communicate with management. Finally, following management authorization, the system should generate a reorder ready to send to a supplier.Given the system’s basic functions, the analyst’s next task is gaining a sense of their logical relation. A good way to start is by describing how data flow between the functions. As the name implies, data flow diagrams are particularly useful for graphically describing these data flows. Four symbols are used. Data sources and destinations are represented by squares; input data enter the system form a source, and output data flow to a destination. Once in the system, the data are manipulated or changed by processes, represented by round-corner rectangles. A process might be a program, a procedure, or anything else that changes or moves data. Data can be held for later processing in data stores, symbolized by open-ended rectangles. A data store might be a disk file, a tape file, a database, written notes, or even a person’s memory. Finally, data flow between sources, destinations, processes, and data stores over data flows, which are represented by arrows. Preliminary data flow diagram for the inventory system. Start a CUSTOMER. Transactions flow from a customer into the system, where they are handled by Process transaction. A data store, the STOCK, holds data on each item in inventory. Process transaction changes the data to reflect the new transaction. Meanwhile, MANAGEMENT accesses the system through Communicate, evaluating the data in STOCK and, if necessary, requesting a recorder. Once a reorder is authorized, Generate reorder sends necessary data to the SUPPLIER, who ships the items to the store. Note that, because the reorder represents a change in the inventory level of a particular product or products, it is handled as a transaction.The data flow diagram describes the logical system. The next step is tracing the data flow. Start with the destination SUPPLIER. Reorders flow to suppliers; for example, the store might want 25 pairs of jeans. To fill the order, the supplier needs the product description and the reorder quantity. Where do these data elements come from? Since they are output by Generate reorder, they must either be input to or generated by this process. Data flow into Generate reorder for STOCK; thus, product and reorder quantities must be stored inSTOCK.Other data elements, such as purchased and the purchase quantity, are generated by CUSTOMER. Still others, for example selling price and reorder point, are generated by or needed by MANAGEMENT. The current stock –on-hand for a given item is an example of a data element generated by an algorithm in one of the procedures. Step by step, methodically, the analyst identifies the data elements to be input to, stored by, manipulated by, generated by, or output by the system.To keep track of the data elements, the analyst might list each one in a data dictionary. A simple data dictionary can be set up on index cards, but computerized data dictionaries have become increasingly popular. The data dictionary, a collection of data describing and defining the data, is useful throughout the systems analysis and design process, and is often used to build a database during the implementation stage.The idea of analysis is to define the system’s major functions and data elements methodically. Remember that the objective is translating user needs into technical terms. Since the system starts with the user, the first step is defi ning the user’s needs. Users think in terms of functions and data. They do not visualize programs, or files, or hardware, and during this initial, crucial analysis stage, it is essential that the analyst think like a user, not like a programmer.Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries are useful tools. They provide a format for recording key information about the proposed system. Also, they jog the analyst’s memory; for example, if the analyst doesn’t have sufficient information to complete a data dictionary entry, he or she has probably missed something. Perhaps most importantly, the data flow diagram and the data dictionary document the analyst’s understanding of the system requirements. By reviewing these documents, the user can correct misunderstanding or oversights. Finally, they represent an excellent starting point for the next step, design.DesignAs we enter the design stage, we know what the system must do, and thus can begin thinking about how to do it. The objective is to develop a strategy for solving the problem.At this stage, we are not interested in writing code or in defining precise data structures; instead, we want to identify, at a black box level, necessary programs, files, procedures, and other components.The data flow diagram defines the system’s necessary functions; how might they be implemented? One possibility is writing one program for each process. Another is combining two or more processes in a single program; there are dozens of alternative solutions. Let’s focus on one option a nd document it.A system flowchart uses symbols to represent programs, procedures, hardware devices, and the other components of a physical system. Our flowchart shows that transaction data enter the system through a terminal, are stored on an inventory by a data collection program, and then are stored on an inventory file. Eventually, the inventory file is processed by a Report and reorder program. Through it, management manipulates the data and authorizes reorders.Look at the system flowchart. It identifies several hardware components, including a computer, a disk drive, a data entry terminal, a printer, and a display terminal. Tow programs are needed: Process transaction and Report and reorder. In addition to the hardware and the programs, we’ll need dat a structures for the inventory file and for data flows between the I/O devices and the software. Note that system flow chart illustrates one possible solution; a good analyst will develop several feasible alternatives before choosing one.The flowchart maps the system, highlighting its major physical components. Since the data link the components, the next task is defining the data structures. Consider, for example, the inventory file. It contains all the data elements from the data store STOCK. The data el ements are listed in the data dictionary. Using them, the file’s data structure can be planned.How should the file be organized? That depends on how it will be accessed. For example, in some applications, data are processed at regular, predictable intervals. Typically, the data are collected over time and processed together, as a batch. If batch processing is acceptable, a sequential file organization is probably best.It is not always possible to wait until a batch of transactions is collected, however. For example, consider an air defense early warning system. If an unidentified aircraft is spotted, it must be identified immediately; the idea of waiting until 5:00 p. m because “that’s when the air defense program is run” is absurd. Instead, because of the need for quick response, each transaction must be processed as it occurs. Generally, such transaction processing systems call for direct access file.Our inventory system has tow programs. One processes transactions. A direct access inventory file seems a reasonable choice. The other allows management to study inventory data occasionally; batch processing would certainly do. Should the inventory file be organized sequentially or directly? Faced with such a choice, a good analyst considers both options. One possible system might accept transactions and process them as they occur. As an alternative, sales slips might be collected throughout the day and programs would deal with direct access files; in the second system, they would be linked to sequential files. A program to process direct access data is different from a program to process sequential data. The data drive the system. The choice of a data structure determines the program’s structure. Note that the program is defined and planned in the context of the system.ImplementationOnce the system’s major components have been identified, we can begin to develop them. Our system includes two programs, several pieces of equipment, and a number of data structures. During implementation, each program is planned and written using the techniques described in Chapter 7. Files are created, and their contents checked. New hardware is purchased, installed, and tested. Additionally, operating procedures are written and evaluated. Once all the component parts are ready, the system is tested. Assuming the user is satisfied, the finished system is released.SummaryA system is a collection of hardware, software, data, and procedural components that work together to accomplish an objective. A program is but one component in a system. System are planned and designed by system analysts who generally follow a well-defined,methodical process. The first step in the process is problem definition, when the analystattempts to discover exactly what the user needs. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, a feasibility study is conducted to determine if the problem can be solved. Given a clear problem definition, analysis begins. During this stage, the analyst develops a logical model of the system. Key functions are linked through a data flow diagram. Using the diagram as a tool, the data flows are traced, and the system’s data elements are identified and recorded in a data dictionary. After the logical system isreviewed with the user, design begins.During design, the analyst develops a model of the physical system. A system flowchart can be used to map the system, defining each physical component as a symbol. A good systems analyst considers a number of alternative solutions to the problem before settling on one. Implementation follows design. Programs are planned and written; hardware is ordered and installed; procedures are written; files and databases are initialized; and, finally, the pieces are assembled and tested. Following release of the system, maintenancebegins.学生信息管理系统的设计与发展随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不便及时间的浪费.二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。
大学生创新项目管理信息系统设计与实现外文翻译
信息服务管理系统的设计与研究Li Yang, Daiyun Weng1引言随着市场竞争的日益激烈，企业是否能够利用这个竞争，企业需要知道他们的客户需要哪种类型的产品，与此同时做到将价格低廉，质量优良，表现优秀的产品提供给客户。
这个问题的关键在于公司受到客户驱动的程度，通过提供高质量的产品和服务，及时的交付，低廉的价格来赢得顾客的满意。
为了降低库存提高订单完成率，公司必须采用计算机管理技术，重视利用各种资源从而实现库存优化和效率的提升。
但是计算机管理系统并不是仅仅是去设置一个机制，如果这个系统能够良好的运转，那一定是有高效收集数据的方法的。
管理信息系统依靠输入信息来实现系统的准确可靠；输入的信息不准确也将会导致管理信息系统错误。
在传统的管理中，主要是依靠人工来录入数据，发生错误是难免的。
根据有关的信息统计资料，在不同的条件下至少会有千分之三的几率产生人工录入错误，最高率可能达到百分之五。
在一定程度上这个过程能够通过加强管理和员工培训来提高，但是该解决方法的本质依靠于先进的技术。
信息管理技术是通过采用先进的数学理论来高效的自动收集数据，在数据收集，数据传播方面，条形码有着独天得厚的优势，例如收集产品的状态数据来实现有效的监测，极大的提升了在数据采集流程是的效率，为供应链企业的数据共享提供了基本条件。
2 管理信息系统开发技术如近已经步入了信息时代。
在现阶段，信息已经成为在土地，资金，劳动力和其他因素之后的另一个重要经济资源。
那么一个公司能否在众多强势的市场中所向披靡取决于公司有效利用信息的程度。
为了达到这个目的，很有必要建立系统的，科学的企业信息管理。
企业信息管理的建立是对企业信息有效管理的方法。
一般来说，管理信息系统指的是基于服务的所有管理实务以及计算机系统的管理实务，例如办公自动化系统，企业资源计划系统等等。
MIS一般来说就是管理信息系统，在1980年逐渐成为了一门新的学科，然而对于它的概念还没有准确的定义，而且它的理论基础还不完善。
information-systems-management英文原文+翻译-----学生信息管理系统的设计与发展---文献翻译
The Design and Development of the Students' Information Management SystemAs information technology advances, various management systems have emerged to change the daily lives of the more coherent, to the extent possible, the use of network resources can be significantly reasonable reduction of manual management inconvenience and waste of time.Accelerating the modernization of the 21st century, the continuous improvement of the scientific and cultural levels, the rapid growth of the number of students will inevitably increase the pressure information management students, the inefficient manual retrieval completely incompatible with the community\'s needs. The Student Information Management Systemis an information management one kind within system, currently information technique continuously of development, the network technique has already been applied in us extensively nearby of every trade, there is the network technical development, each high schools all make use of a calculator to manage to do to learn, the school is operated by handicraft before of the whole tedious affairs all got fast and solve high-efficiencily, especially student result management the system had in the school very big function, all can be more convenient, fast for the student and the teacher coming saying and understand accurately with management everyone noodles information. AbstractIt is a very heavy and baldness job of managing a bulky database by manpower. The disadvantage, such as great capacity of work, low efficiency and long period, exist in data inputting, demanding and modification. So the computer management system will bring us a quite change.Because there are so many students in the school, the data of students' information is huge, it makes the management of the information become a complicated and tedious work. This system aims at the school, passing by practically of demand analysis, adopt mighty VB6.0 to develop the student information managementsystem. The whole system design process follow the principle of simple operation, beautiful and vivid interface and practical request. The student information management system including the function of system management, basic information management, study management, prize and punishment management , print statement and so on. Through the proof of using, the student information management system which this text designed can satisfy the school to manage the demand of the aspect to students' information. The thesis introduced the background of development, the functions demanded and the process of design. The thesis mainly explained the point of the system design, the thought of design, the difficult technique and the solutions. The student managed the creation of the system to reduce the inconvenience on the manpower consumedly, let the whole student the data management is more science reasonable.The place that this system has most the special features is the backstage database to unify the management to student's information.That system mainly is divided into the system management, student profession management, student file management, school fees management, course management, result management and print the statement.The interface of the system is to make use of the vb software creation of, above few molds pieces are all make use of the vb to control a the piece binds to settle of method to carry out the conjunction toward the backstage database, the backstage database probably is divided into following few formses:Professional information form, the charges category form, student the job form, student the information form, political feature form of student, the customer logs on the form The system used Client/Server structure design, the system is in the data from one server and a number of Taiwan formed LAN workstations. Users can check the competence of different systems in different users submit personal data, background database you can quickly given the mandate to see to the content.Marks management is a important work of school,the original manual management havemany insufficiencies,the reasons that,students' population are multitudinous in school,and each student's information are too complex,thus the work load are extremely big,the statistics and the inquiry have been inconvenient.Therefore,how to solve these insufficiencies,let the marks management to be more convenient and quickly,have a higher efficiency,and become a key question.More and more are also urgent along with school automationthe marks management when science and technology rapid development,therefore is essential to develop the software system of marks register to assist the school teaching management.So that can improve the marks management,enhance the efficiency of management.Systems Analysis and Design SystemsWorking under control of a stored program, a computer processes data into information. Think about that definition for a minute. Any given computer application involves at least three components: hardware, software, and data. Merely writing a program isn’t enough, because the program is but one component is in a system.A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective. For example, consider a payroll system. Its objective is paying employees. What components are involved? Each day, employees record their hours worked on time cards. At the end of each week, the time cards are collected and delivered to the computer center, where they are read into a payroll program. As it runs, the program accesses data files. Finally, the paychecks are printed and distributed. For the system to work, people, procedures, input and output media, files, hardware, and software must be carefully coordinated. Note that the program is but one component in a system.Systems AnalysisComputer-based systems are developed because people need information. Those people,called users, generally know what is required, but may lack the expertise to obtain it. Technical professionals, such as programmers, have the expertise, but may lack training in the user’s field. To complicate matters, users an d programmers often seem to speak different languages, leading to communication problems. A systems analyst is a professional who translates user needs into technical terms, thus serving as a bridge between users and technical professionals.Like an engineer or an architect, a systems analyst solves problems by combining solid technical skills with insight, imagination, and a touch of art. Generally, the analyst follows a well-defined, methodical process that includes at least the following steps: Problem definitionAnalysisDesignImplementationMaintenanceAt the end of each step, results are documented and shared with both the user and the programmers. The idea is to catch and correct errors and misunderstandings as early as possible. Perhaps the best way to illustrate the process is through example.Picture a small clothing store that purchases merchandise at wholesale, displays this stock, and sells it to customers at retail. On the one hand, too much: stock represents an unnecessary expense. On the other hand, a poor selection discourages shoppers. Ideally, a balance can be achieved: enough, but not too much.Complicating matters is the fact that inventory is constantly changing, with customer purchases depleting stock, and returns and reorders adding to it. The owner would like to track inventory levels and reorder any given item just before the store runs out. For a single item, the task is easy-just count the stock-on-hand. Unfortunately, the store has hundreds of different items, and keeping track of each one is impractical. Perhaps a computer might help.Problem DefinitionThe first step in the systems analysis and design process is problem definition. Theanalyst’s objective is determining what the user needs. Note that, as the process begins, the user possesses the critical information, and the analyst must listen and learn. Few users are technical experts. Most see the computer as a “magic box,” and are not concerned with how it works. At this stage, the analyst has no business even thinking about programs, files, and computer hardware, but must communicate with the user on his or her own terms.The idea is to ensure that both the user and the analyst are thinking about the same thing. Thus, a clear, written statement expressing the analyst’s underst anding of the problem is essential. The user should review and correct this written statement. The time to catch misunderstandings and oversights is now, before time, money, and effort are wasted. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, the analyst performs a feasibility study. The study, a brief capsule version of the entire systems analysis and design process, attempts to answer three questions:1.Can the problem be solved?2.Can it be solved in the user’s environment?3.Can it be solved at a reasonable cost?If the answer to any one of these questions is no, the system should not be developed. Given a good problem definition and a positive feasibility study, the analyst can turn to planning and developing a problem solution.AnalysisAs analysis begins, the analyst understands the problem. The next step is determining what must be done to solve it. The user knows what must be done; during analysis, this knowledge is extracted and formally documented. Most users think in terms of the functions to be performed and the data elements to be manipulated. The objective is to identify and link these key functions and data elements, yielding a logical system design. Start with the system’s basic functions. The key is keeping track of the stock-on-hand for each product in inventory. Inventory changes because customers purchase, exchange, and return products, so the system will have to process customer transactions. The store’s owner wants to selectively look at the inventory level for any product in short supply and,if appropriate, order replacement stock, so the system must be able to communicate with management. Finally, following management authorization, the system should generate a reorder ready to send to a supplier.Given the system’s basic functions, the analyst’s next task is gaining a sense of their logical relation. A good way to start is by describing how data flow between the functions. As the name implies, data flow diagrams are particularly useful for graphically describing these data flows. Four symbols are used. Data sources and destinations are represented by squares; input data enter the system form a source, and output data flow to a destination. Once in the system, the data are manipulated or changed by processes, represented by round-corner rectangles. A process might be a program, a procedure, or anything else that changes or moves data. Data can be held for later processing in data stores, symbolized by open-ended rectangles. A data store might be a disk file, a tape file, a database, written notes, or even a person’s memory. Finally, data flow between sources, destinations, processes, and data stores over data flows, which are represented by arrows. Preliminary data flow diagram for the inventory system. Start a CUSTOMER. Transactions flow from a customer into the system, where they are handled by Process transaction. A data store, the STOCK, holds data on each item in inventory. Process transaction changes the data to reflect the new transaction. Meanwhile, MANAGEMENT accesses the system through Communicate, evaluating the data in STOCK and, if necessary, requesting a recorder. Once a reorder is authorized, Generate reorder sends necessary data to the SUPPLIER, who ships the items to the store. Note that, because the reorder represents a change in the inventory level of a particular product or products, it is handled as a transaction.The data flow diagram describes the logical system. The next step is tracing the data flow. Start with the destination SUPPLIER. Reorders flow to suppliers; for example, the store might want 25 pairs of jeans. To fill the order, the supplier needs the product description and the reorder quantity. Where do these data elements come from? Since they are output by Generate reorder, they must either be input to or generated by this process. Data flow into Generate reorder for STOCK; thus, product and reorder quantities must be stored inSTOCK.Other data elements, such as purchased and the purchase quantity, are generated by CUSTOMER. Still others, for example selling price and reorder point, are generated by or needed by MANAGEMENT. The current stock –on-hand for a given item is an example of a data element generated by an algorithm in one of the procedures. Step by step, methodically, the analyst identifies the data elements to be input to, stored by, manipulated by, generated by, or output by the system.To keep track of the data elements, the analyst might list each one in a data dictionary. A simple data dictionary can be set up on index cards, but computerized data dictionaries have become increasingly popular. The data dictionary, a collection of data describing and defining the data, is useful throughout the systems analysis and design process, and is often used to build a database during the implementation stage.The idea of analysis is to define the system’s major functions and data elements methodically. Remember that the objective is translating user needs into technical terms. Since the system starts with the user, the first step is defi ning the user’s needs. Users think in terms of functions and data. They do not visualize programs, or files, or hardware, and during this initial, crucial analysis stage, it is essential that the analyst think like a user, not like a programmer.Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries are useful tools. They provide a format for recording key information about the proposed system. Also, they jog the analyst’s memory; for example, if the analyst doesn’t have sufficient information to complete a data dictionary entry, he or she has probably missed something. Perhaps most importantly, the data flow diagram and the data dictionary document the analyst’s understanding of the system requirements. By reviewing these documents, the user can correct misunderstanding or oversights. Finally, they represent an excellent starting point for the next step, design.DesignAs we enter the design stage, we know what the system must do, and thus can begin thinking about how to do it. The objective is to develop a strategy for solving the problem.At this stage, we are not interested in writing code or in defining precise data structures; instead, we want to identify, at a black box level, necessary programs, files, procedures, and other components.The data flow diagram defines the system’s necessary functions; how might they be implemented? One possibility is writing one program for each process. Another is combining two or more processes in a single program; there are dozens of alternative solutions. Let’s focus on one option a nd document it.A system flowchart uses symbols to represent programs, procedures, hardware devices, and the other components of a physical system. Our flowchart shows that transaction data enter the system through a terminal, are stored on an inventory by a data collection program, and then are stored on an inventory file. Eventually, the inventory file is processed by a Report and reorder program. Through it, management manipulates the data and authorizes reorders.Look at the system flowchart. It identifies several hardware components, including a computer, a disk drive, a data entry terminal, a printer, and a display terminal. Tow programs are needed: Process transaction and Report and reorder. In addition to the hardware and the programs, we’ll need dat a structures for the inventory file and for data flows between the I/O devices and the software. Note that system flow chart illustrates one possible solution; a good analyst will develop several feasible alternatives before choosing one.The flowchart maps the system, highlighting its major physical components. Since the data link the components, the next task is defining the data structures. Consider, for example, the inventory file. It contains all the data elements from the data store STOCK. The data el ements are listed in the data dictionary. Using them, the file’s data structure can be planned.How should the file be organized? That depends on how it will be accessed. For example, in some applications, data are processed at regular, predictable intervals. Typically, the data are collected over time and processed together, as a batch. If batch processing is acceptable, a sequential file organization is probably best.It is not always possible to wait until a batch of transactions is collected, however. For example, consider an air defense early warning system. If an unidentified aircraft is spotted, it must be identified immediately; the idea of waiting until 5:00 p. m because “that’s when the air defense program is run” is absurd. Instead, because of the need for quick response, each transaction must be processed as it occurs. Generally, such transaction processing systems call for direct access file.Our inventory system has tow programs. One processes transactions. A direct access inventory file seems a reasonable choice. The other allows management to study inventory data occasionally; batch processing would certainly do. Should the inventory file be organized sequentially or directly? Faced with such a choice, a good analyst considers both options. One possible system might accept transactions and process them as they occur. As an alternative, sales slips might be collected throughout the day and programs would deal with direct access files; in the second system, they would be linked to sequential files. A program to process direct access data is different from a program to process sequential data. The data drive the system. The choice of a data structure determines the program’s structure. Note that the program is defined and planned in the context of the system.ImplementationOnce the system’s major components have been identified, we can begin to develop them. Our system includes two programs, several pieces of equipment, and a number of data structures. During implementation, each program is planned and written using the techniques described in Chapter 7. Files are created, and their contents checked. New hardware is purchased, installed, and tested. Additionally, operating procedures are written and evaluated. Once all the component parts are ready, the system is tested. Assuming the user is satisfied, the finished system is released.SummaryA system is a collection of hardware, software, data, and procedural components that work together to accomplish an objective. A program is but one component in a system. System are planned and designed by system analysts who generally follow a well-defined,methodical process. The first step in the process is problem definition, when the analystattempts to discover exactly what the user needs. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, a feasibility study is conducted to determine if the problem can be solved. Given a clear problem definition, analysis begins. During this stage, the analyst develops a logical model of the system. Key functions are linked through a data flow diagram. Using the diagram as a tool, the data flows are traced, and the system’s data elements are identified and recorded in a data dictionary. After the logical system isreviewed with the user, design begins.During design, the analyst develops a model of the physical system. A system flowchart can be used to map the system, defining each physical component as a symbol. A good systems analyst considers a number of alternative solutions to the problem before settling on one. Implementation follows design. Programs are planned and written; hardware is ordered and installed; procedures are written; files and databases are initialized; and, finally, the pieces are assembled and tested. Following release of the system, maintenancebegins.学生信息管理系统的设计与发展随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不便及时间的浪费.二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。
项目管理系统的设计与实现外文翻译
A Windows program is an executable file that generally creates one or more windows and uses a message loop to receive user input. Dynamic-link libraries are generally not directly executable, and they generally do not receive messages. They are separate files containing functions that can be called by programs and other DLLs to perform certain jobs. A dynamic-link library is brought into action only when another module calls one of the functions in the library.
Library: One Word, Many Meanings
Part of the confusion surrounding dynamic-link libraries results from the appearance of the word "library" in several different contexts. Besides dynamic-link libraries, we'll also be talking about "object libraries" and "import libraries."
大创项目管理系统的设计与实现
大创项目管理系统的设计与实现本项目对大学生创新创业训练计划项目的开展和管理的流程深入调研，总结并抽象项目管理过程中涉及人员的需求，设计出包括用户管理及验证、项目申报、审批及管理、项目过程记录、经费管理、项目成果展示等功能模块，最终设计出一套完整的大创项目管理解决方案。
实现的系统通过一系列的测试后，部署并服务于高校，优化大创项目的申报、审核、中期检查、结题等流程，提高相关工作质量和效率，建立工作高效、运转协调方便、行为规范的管理体制。
标签：大创项目管理；mysql；申报；评审Abstract：This project makes a thorough investigation on the process of implementation and management of the College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship training project （”CSI&E” project），summarizes and abstracts the needs of the personnel in the process of project management，and designs the functional modules including user management and verification，project declaration，examination and approval and management，project process records，funds management，and project results display，etc. Finally，we design a complete set of project management solutions. After a series of tests，the system can be deployed and served in colleges and universities to optimize the process of declaration，audit，mid-term inspection and problem，improve the quality and efficiency of the related work，and establish a management system with high efficiency，convenient operation and standard behavior.Keywords：“CSI&E” project management；mysql；application；review引言自2012年教育部决定在全国开展并实施大学生创新创业训练计划以来，在过去的几年间，为高效、稳定地完成大学生创新创业训练计划的项目管理工作，高校中己出现一些关于大创项目的管理理论研究以及信息化的实现，如厦门大学的裴以明的《基于B/S的大学生创新创业管理系统的设计与实现》、吉林大学的蓝健的《高校大创项目管理系统的设计与实现》。
实验室管理信息系统外文翻译
本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译Discussion on the laboratory information management院（系、部）名称：数信学院专业名称计算机科学与技术学生姓名：学生学号：指导教师：2012 年 03 月 09 日河北科技师范学院教务处制Discussion on the laboratory information managementIntroductionUniversity laboratory is the important base for teaching and research in Colleges and universities, his school management is a branch of the whole management system of laboratory, the implementation of scientific and modern management, will be helpful for back to the lab work efficiency, improve the level of teaching and research in Colleges and universities. Laboratory information management system by means of computer network, using scientific information for the overall management of the computer soft, hardware system, computer technology, management science and technology of analysis and testing.Now the majority universities have realized the campus network to open and use, therefore, based on the campus network in the open laboratory information management system, can make full use of campus cyber source, realizes the entire school faculties test information remote sharing, improve the work efficiency of the Department, from the original opening laboratory due to experimental student staff, time dispersion in management of complex, tedious, open laboratory brings obvious teaching effect improvement will promote schools to improve the laboratory seriously, increase investment, filling equipment. Thus laboratory information management will be in the future management work to play a powerful role in [1 ]. Laboratory information management system ( Lab Information Management System ), LIMS of the following abbreviation, is for the school laboratory massive data processing and management software, is a typical management information system ( Management Information System ), is the realization of online Experimental Teaching under the credit system and management of the important platform. It is an indispensable part of college laboratory, the contents of the experiment teaching of teachers and laboratory managers is critical, it can provide users with sufficient information and efficient means of the inquiry [2 ]. It can help teachers to understand the laboratory management and laboratory equipment and drug use, to provide students with respect to the query performance course for laboratory management, data entry and export to provide convenient.Laboratory management information system management information system ( Management Information System, referred to as MIS ) is a continuous development of new disciplines, with the progress of science and technology, the definition of MIS has also been updated. At this stage generally think that MIS is a management staff and the computer component is used for information collection, transmission, processing, storage, maintenance and use of the system, is a management science, information science, system science and computer technology to combine a comprehensive discipline. Management information systems: 1 the physical composition of computer hardware systems include: host, external memory, input and output devices such as. 2: computer software system including system software and application software two parts. The 3 communication system: including lines andother communication facilities and computer network, data communication related software. 4 staff include: system analyst, programmer, maintenance personnel, administrator, operatorDesign of laboratory management system guideline is: to design a campus network based on the open laboratory management software, the realization of chemical experimental teaching and management system of course arrangement, equipment management, research reporting, web publishing, online booking, query results, laboratory evaluation, material use, reported to the State Ministry of education report, experimental teaching and online laboratory records, system administrators for experimental resources management, information and other functions [3 ]. Can complete all types of information browsing, query, add, delete, modify other functions, the data form a good relationship. University laboratory management system is mainly composed of students, teachers function area, functional area of functional area managers. Student function area by the basic situation, laboratory management, experimental teaching and open experiment modules; teachers function area by laboratory staff, equipment, consumables, laboratory assessment, laboratory construction, data report six modules; functional area managers by the daily office, system maintenance module.According to the domestic and foreign excellent LIMS technology application experience, can be summed up in last few years LIMS design with a few basic characteristics [4 ]1. technology with the first, efficiency, practicability, safety.2. data management functions, data collection, treatment, release can not occur in the process of data loss, change problems;The 3 page is friendly, simple operation, the use of database technology and unified browser interface;4 a high degree of automation, the network has the advantages of simple structure design;5 .modular design, easy expansion of functions;6. product design flexible, customized short cycle;On the laboratory information management a few experience:1 should be fully aware of the significance of the information statistical work. College laboratory information statistics reflect the latest developments in the laboratory work, the competent authorities for browsing, query, statistics, printing provides information. Therefore, we must do a good job in a timely laboratory basic information update and maintenance. As the equipment information management, it is a dynamic management process, the purchase of new equipment by a qualified acceptance, it is necessary to timely entry, in the online update data, in order to reflect the information timeliness, accuracy, but also can reflect the objective, the basic situation and the latest developments in laboratory [ 5].2 to speed up the pace of informatization construction of network lab. Along with the science and technology and information management development, colleges and universities laboratory information statistics work must be established to adapt, normative,scientific, convenient and practical day-to-day management software platform. Therefore, the colleges and universities must speed up the pace of information construction of laboratory network, and with the campus network connectivity, so as to realize information resources sharing under the network environment. In the laboratory of basic information in the process of building, should pay attention to the effective use of information, requirement management in practice many fumble, practice, summary, continuous improvement and perfection, to maximize the use of existing resources and information, and truly reflect the use of resources value. 3 maximizing information statistical function. School after completing college laboratory information statistics, data reporting based on laboratory, in the transfer of basic information, the departments at all levels of dynamic understanding of laboratory instruments and equipment changes and loss situation of laboratory teaching, task completion, laboratory materials consumption, laboratory staff training, promotion, change situation, students' experimental expenditure conditions for comprehensive understanding of existing laboratory, School of basic resources, dynamic control and management of laboratory instruments and equipment, use benefit evaluation and provide a reliable basis and guarantee [6 ]. 4 the importance of information statistics daily management work. Strengthening the laboratory information management, improve the college laboratory information statistics quality, standardize the laboratory experimental teaching management. Basic laboratory information standardization, scientific, modern management is a need to often be caught indefatigable, ceaseless practice, ceaseless and perfect, constantly updated, the continuous improvement of the system of engineering. In order to realize this goal, we need to work in the future to pay more hard work, continuous exploration and practice, continuous learning and improvement, and constantly improve and enhance the level of management, and better service for teaching and scientific research [7 ]. 5 to improve laboratory information administrator quality and status. To strengthen the experimental technical team construction, improve the quality of experimental teaching is not a first-class laboratory technical personnel team, can not have first-class laboratory management level, also cannot develop a first-class talent and first-class experimental results. Experimental technique of personal qualities, moral standards, professionalism, attitude, good manners and have great influence on students, to improve the quality of experimental teaching, to high-quality personnel training requirements, must have a high quality, ability, must study the spirit of the experimental technical team to do that. Therefore, the experimental technical personnel to see more business books, journals, literature, in the mastery of professional theory and technology on the basis of relevant theories, pay attention to the new progress, update and enrich their knowledge system, will be the latest information and methods, recent advances and achievements in practice application. In addition, as an experiment technical staff, we should establish the teaching, scientific research and students' consciousness of service [8 ]. Only when everything from teaching, all for the sake of teaching, create a good environment, to fulfill the task of experiment teaching. Of course, the leadership must pay attention to the laboratory construction, through the improvement of experimental staffworking conditions, wages and benefits increase solutions lab staff shortage, the structure unreasonable problem; should take scientific position, reasonable preparation, assessment so as to arouse the enthusiasm of experimental staff; encourage laboratory personnel training learning, and regularly NEW theory, new technology training, in order to promote them to improve the operational level [9 ]. College laboratory information statistics work in Colleges and Universities under the joint efforts, the successful completion of the various information and data statistics, as the superior departments laboratory development plan and related policy to provide important basis. With the laboratory management system to further promote and use, to achieve higher education teaching resources sharing and management efficiency play a positive role in promoting and facilitating. Through our unremitting efforts of laboratory management, laboratory information statistics reporting system will be more perfect.The endThe above analysis, we can fully realize the design and development of a laboratory information management system the necessity and the urgency, laboratory management system shall be in accordance with the provisions of the school laboratory information management, to meet the school laboratory information management needs, and to achieve the intuitive operation, convenient, practical, safety requirements. System uses a modular design approach, both for the system function of the combination and modification, but also easy to not participate in system development technical maintenance personnel to add and maintain. Laboratory information management system through the whole school LAN experiment building of the laboratory information together, as the school experiment teaching and laboratory construction to provide comprehensive and timely information, convenient management, at the same time, through the campus network expansion of various types of information technology application, shared by students and laboratory information [10 ].Reference.[1 ] at the beginning of Gan Ren, Chen Yonghong, Long Hong. Management information system [ M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2001, 35 ~ 49[2 ] Wei Qi. ERP, CRM and SCM three information systems integration [J ]. China information news, 2002, ( 8) : 5 ~ 8[3 ] Han Yan, Li Suicheng. The production method and the management information system development [ J ]. Group technology and modernization of production, 2001, ( 3) : 15 ~ 18[4 ] of modern logistics management task group. Supply chain management [M ]. Guangzhou: Guangdong economy press, 2002, 55 ~ 57[5 ] Zhang Jujian, Gan at the beginning of Ren. Management information system development and implementation technology [J ]. Application Research of computers, 2003, ( 1) : 47 ~ 58[6 ] of Ye Juan. In the development of ERP number of integration problems [J]. Enterprise economy, 2002, ( 9) : 55 ~ 58[7 ] of He Yaoqin CRM. The concept and key factors in its implementation [ J]. Journal of Southwest Jiao Tong University ( SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION ), 2002, ( 3) : 14 ~ 28[8 ] Luo Chaoli, Lee Wanhong. Management information system principle and application [ M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University press, 2002, 37 ~ 38[9 ] LAN Yisheng, etc.. Electronic commerce logistics management [M ]. Beijing: China financial and Economic Publishing House, 2001, 45 ~ 48[10 ] Pu Shunyu. Management information system [ M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China press, 1997, 5介绍高校开放实验室是高校教学与科研的重要基地，他的管理工作是学校整体管理工作的一个分支体系，对实验室实行科学与现代化的管理，将有利于发回实验室的工作效率，提高高校教学与科研水平。
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信息服务管理系统的设计与研究Li Yang, Daiyun Weng1引言随着市场竞争的日益激烈，企业是否能够利用这个竞争，企业需要知道他们的客户需要哪种类型的产品，与此同时做到将价格低廉，质量优良，表现优秀的产品提供给客户。
这个问题的关键在于公司受到客户驱动的程度，通过提供高质量的产品和服务，及时的交付，低廉的价格来赢得顾客的满意。
为了降低库存提高订单完成率，公司必须采用计算机管理技术，重视利用各种资源从而实现库存优化和效率的提升。
但是计算机管理系统并不是仅仅是去设置一个机制，如果这个系统能够良好的运转，那一定是有高效收集数据的方法的。
管理信息系统依靠输入信息来实现系统的准确可靠；输入的信息不准确也将会导致管理信息系统错误。
在传统的管理中，主要是依靠人工来录入数据，发生错误是难免的。
根据有关的信息统计资料，在不同的条件下至少会有千分之三的几率产生人工录入错误，最高率可能达到百分之五。
在一定程度上这个过程能够通过加强管理和员工培训来提高，但是该解决方法的本质依靠于先进的技术。
信息管理技术是通过采用先进的数学理论来高效的自动收集数据，在数据收集，数据传播方面，条形码有着独天得厚的优势，例如收集产品的状态数据来实现有效的监测，极大的提升了在数据采集流程是的效率，为供应链企业的数据共享提供了基本条件。
2 管理信息系统开发技术如近已经步入了信息时代。
在现阶段，信息已经成为在土地，资金，劳动力和其他因素之后的另一个重要经济资源。
那么一个公司能否在众多强势的市场中所向披靡取决于公司有效利用信息的程度。
为了达到这个目的，很有必要建立系统的，科学的企业信息管理。
企业信息管理的建立是对企业信息有效管理的方法。
一般来说，管理信息系统指的是基于服务的所有管理实务以及计算机系统的管理实务，例如办公自动化系统，企业资源计划系统等等。
MIS一般来说就是管理信息系统，在1980年逐渐成为了一门新的学科，然而对于它的概念还没有准确的定义，而且它的理论基础还不完善。
但是，从国内外的学者们对管理信息系统的定义来看，人们对管理信息系统的理解逐步加深；管理信息系统的定义正逐步发展和成熟。
管理信息系统的三个主要功能是：信息处理，事务处理，辅助支持组织决策的支持与管理。
信息处理包括采集，储存，传播，加工，查询和其他关于企业数据和信息的操作，从而使管理人员能够提供及时，可靠，准确的信息功能。
支持事务处理包括通用事务（例如项目开发管理，人员管理，经济管理等等）以及各种类型的特殊事务（例如材料管理，教学管理，销售管理等等）。
他的高级功能是帮助管理企业和对企业行为的控制，从而帮助企业实现它的目标。
评估企业运营，预测未来的行动，管理信息系统的重要特性是对商务决策者的支持，管理信息系统主要是辅助结构化决策。
3 信息服务管理系统需求分析一般情况下，各种各样的产品从制造商那经过批发，配送和零售环节最终到达消费者手中。
零售商和商业企业的日常商业活动包括采购，销售和三个地区的库存。
商务主管和运营者迫切的需要现代化的管理工具，这意味着加强内部管理，加快物流流程，提高资金利用率，供应和市场业务的信息准确，从而及时的组织销售产品，降低库存和配送费用，使公司能够立于不败之地。
在这个真实的商业环境下和对管理的需求成为了开发管理信息系统的一个重要前提。
通过初步的分析，这个系统将会实现企业员工，当地部门和仓储管理，其中包括信息集合，录入，查询和其他基本功能。
图72.1 系统逻辑模型实际的系统模型将会解决EDI(电子数据交换)信息流程和物流不同步的问题，以及生产过程中产品的数字信息，产品库存，库存信息，生产说明书信息等等，这就是核对功能，从而能够按照物体来制作账目。
把条形码阅读器布置在不同的地方来读取产品上固定地方的条形码，以此来跟踪产品在生产流水线上的流程，实时监控流水线，然后通过系统控制订单、生产、库存、仓储和数据链。
从上述模式可知，为了实现仓储信息管理，我们需要得到以下基本特性：A.权限管理：增加或删除系统操作者，以及制定操作者的权限。
B.仓储机构管理：仓储的信息管理，包括仓储信息的建立，编辑和删除工作。
C.部门记录管理：部门文件管理，包括部门文件的建立，编辑和删除工作。
D.员工记录管理：员工文件管理，包括员工文件的建立，编辑和删除工作。
E.物料仓储管理：通过物料仓储清单来进行物料仓储管理，每一个产品的存储，在实际仓储运营中对物料的审计需求之后，在文档检查之前，能够修改库存信息清单，但是审计之后，不允许进行修改操作。
F.部门请购管理G.各部门可以通过请购的方式选择物料，在完成请购清单之后，有必要对请购单进行回顾，然后确认选择的物料。
H.库存检查：检查当前的库存。
通过上述设想的系统，可以得出数据流程图如图72.2。
图72.2 数据流程图在需求分析之后，根据需求特点选择开发环境与工具。
使用TADO Table组件连接数据库，通过一个直观的虚拟运作系统来完成对大量的数据管理的基本需求。
Delphi 级别能大致的氛围两个部分:第一部分是组件类,这些组件类通常以一定形式呈现在组件面板上，当用户指向组件面板上的对象图标时，程序会自动创建一个对象的类别（除了虚拟的组件）；另一部分是功能类，这些对象类特性通常发生在程序代码中，扮演这个不可替代的角色，但是在组件面板上这些功能类是不显示的。
在Delphi中，每个类的原型都是Tobject类；这些类的等级就像是颠倒过来的树，它的最底部就是Tobject类。
因此，按照面向对象程序的基本思路，这就使用户能够用Tobject类的数据形式替代另一种类别。
事实上，在Delphi的类别库中，Tobject类衍自大量的亚类，它们组成了一个庞大的系统，如果你不想自己开发组件，而且你也不明白整个类的体系结构，仅仅使用这些类也是足够的。
4 系统总体结构设计信息管理系统包括七个模块：登录模块（uLogin.dfm）,权限管理模块（uRightSetting），仓促管理模块（uWarehouseSetting），部门文件模块（U_Bmda.dfm）,物料管理模块（U_CLBM.dfm），员工记录模块(U_zgda.dfm)，单个物料库存管理模块(uSLD.dfm)，部门请购管理模块(U_bmlld.dfm)以及库存模块(U_Statistic.dfm)。
4.1功能模块设计用户能够随时在登录模块登录（uLogin.dfm）用户的信息识别数据表输入：用户名和密码系统流程：A．激活用户登录窗口B．从操作者列表中读取操作者的用户名信息，并将信息列在下拉框里方便用户登录C．操作者选择用户并且输入账户密码D．从操作者信息表中核对正确的用户名和账户密码E．如果用户名和账户密码错误，提示该错误F．如果用户名和账户密码都正确，那么就根据用户的权限类别，进行权限设置G．进入控制主面板输出：控制主面板4.2 数据库设计每个系统都必须要有一个针对该系统特性的数据库；我们的数据库设计如下。
首先，简明的阐述一下数据库技术。
一个成功的信息管理系统是建立在许多优秀的条件下的，但是数据库是其中之一的重要条件和关键技术。
4.2.1 管理信息系统数据库设计规则要设计一个好的管理信息系统数据库，除了要让各个功能模块实现系统的要求，设计数据库必须遵从下列规则：A.基本表的数量要尽可能的少B.主键的数量要越少越好。
键是连接表与表之间的工具，主键越少，表格之间的连接越简单C.字段数要越少越好D.所有的基本表设计都要符合第三范式4.2.2 管理信息系统数据库的设计步骤、管理信息系统的关系数据库设计包含五个步骤：数据库分析，概念分析，逻辑设计，结构设计和测试A.数据库需求分析的任务是要通过数据流流程来公司文档。
划分各个主题的分界线，画出数据流图，并且完成相应的数据字典B.概念设计的任务是要根据数据流图画出主体的结构——实体关系图，在图上列出各个实体并且标注出表与表之间的关系C.逻辑设计的任务是从实体关系图和相应表的概述开始，定义各个实体和表名之间的属性和关系D.结构设计的任务是要决定各个类型属性，宽度和范围去设计表的基本键，所有的表名和字段名必须用英文，实现物理结构构建，完成物理结构设计相关的数据字典E.在整个测试过程中进行加载测试，以及整个条目的输入和修改测试；查询处理可以被视为数据库的加载测试。
4.2.3数据库系统设计和范式分析信息系统的主要任务是为了实现对大量数据进行信息管理的的需求，这个过程必须存储和管理大量的数据。
因此要建立一个非常好的数据结构和数据库，从而能够是整个信息系统能够快速地，简单地、准确地查找和管理被查询的数据，这也是衡量一个信息系统质量的关键指标。
A.数据库系统设计数据库设计主要是针对逻辑数据库的设计，也就是说，根据某些方法整理，分组以及逻辑水平组织系统的数据是面向用户的。
数据库设计需要整合各个部门收集来的数据和对数据的要求，分析各种数据之间的关系，然后根据数据库管理系统功能模块和描述工具来设计合适大小，能正确反应数据之间的关系，数据冗余少的，数据存取高效的，从而满足数据查询模块的各种需求。
B.数据库设计范式分析建立一个好的数据指标系统是是建立数据结构和数据库最重要的部分。
在构建数据库之前，需要重新组织数据指标系统中的标准结构。
一般来说，数据的标准表达的形式为一组相互关联的数据被定义为一种关系，并且在这种关系下的数据指标被称为数据元素，这种关系在特定的数据库中是基本组成形式，数据表中的数据元素是一个字段。
每个被定义为键的数据元素的标准化表达同时也提供了一张基本表；这样它就能唯一的识别在其他有关数据元素的表。
这个规范化的理论表就是二维的。
数据结构有五个标准的定义，通常被认为是标准的模型，称为范式。
在这五个范式中，通常只是用前三个范式。
同时这五个范式是“向上兼容的”，正因如此，只要数据结构满足第五个标准形式就自然而然的会满足第一，第二，第三，第四范式满足第四个标准形式数据结构就自然而然的满足第一，第二，第三范式……以此类推。
第一范式，缩写为1st NF，指的是相同的表里不出现被复制的条目，如果出现了被复制的条目，那么删除它。
这个过程被称为规范化过程。
指标系统和表格处理是根据标准自动的进行生成从而确保所有的表都能满足第一范式。
第二范式，缩写为2nd NF指的是每个表有且只有一个主要关键数据元素（主键），其余的数据元素要与主键相一致。
这个关系通常被称为功能依赖。
这是表中的其他数据元素是依赖于主键的，或者这个数据元素能够通过主键被独立的识别出来。
第三范式，缩写为3rd NF，指的是表中的所有数据元素不仅能够通过主键独立的被识别出来，而且它们之间也必须是不依赖任何其他数据元素的，也就是说没有其他的功能依赖。
这样就满足了第二范式的数据结构，在这种情况下，表中的数据元素可能依赖某些其他非重点的数据元素而存在。