合同翻译(二)
合同的翻译
英文合同相关翻译对照Contract 与Agreement的有无区别在英语中，合同一般称为Contract，协议一般称为Agreement。
何谓“contract”?1999年中国《合同法》第二条对contract定义为：A contact in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”。
根据这一定义，合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。
，Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中将contract 定义为“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义，合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看做是一种补偿。
L.B Curzon 在其编撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”给contract的定义：“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根据这一定义，合同就是有法律约束力的协议。
综合起来，有一个相同点，就是“Contract is an agreement”，即可将合同说成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者说合同说成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”，也可以说：Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。
合同翻译(全)
（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议
在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement,按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。
注释：
（1）hereby：特此
（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方
（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上
（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商
参考译文:
业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释:
(1)hereby: by reason of this特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同
例2
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.
参考译文：
仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。
合同翻译术语
合同翻译术语英文合同结构常用术语必备条款essential clauses / provisions一般条款general provisions特殊条款special provisions章、条、款、项、目（英文合同25）首部non-operative part （当事人部分parties 陈述部分recital）正文operative part陈述部分recital (包括：鉴于条款whereas clause和约因consideration)尾部closing part （证明部分attestation 签字signature 附件appendix）当事人的名称、姓名和住所name and domicile of the parties适格主体competent parties标的contract object , subject matter数量quantity 质量quality价款或者报酬price or remuneration对价consideration履行时效、地点和方式time limit, place and method of performance违约责任default / liability for breach of contract除外规定exception解决争议的方法methods to settle disputes变更modification 终止termination 撤销cancellation 解除rescission主体的变更或权利义务的整体转让novation通知notice违约责任default / breach of contract救济remedies责任的免除exception不可抗力force majuere争议的解决settlement of disputes合同的生效effectiveness / validity合同份数counterpart合同的整体性entirety合同的可分割性severability 合同的完整性entirety 文字效力language法律适用applicable law / governing law保密规定confidentiality副本copies / counterparts性别与单复数gender and singular / plural合同尾部closing clauses / final clause(包括：证明条款attestation 签字部分testimonium / signature 附件部分addendum)合同通常涉及一些内容：1、要约和绝对接受offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance2、意思一致consensus and idem 或者meeting of minds3、建立合同关系的意愿intention to create legal relations4、同意的真实性genuineness of consent5、当事人的履约能力contractual capacity of the parties6、标的物的合法性legality of object7、履行的可能性possibility of performance8、条款的确定性certainty of terms9、等价有偿valuable consideration篇二：英文合同常用词汇英文合同常用词汇第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1)当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words）1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or whatHereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。
合同翻译(全)
合同翻译合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。
一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。
语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2：We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。
英文合同翻译
本句中的shall和may表达准确。出现争议后应当 先行协商，所以采用了义务性“约定”，如果协 商解决不了，作为当事人的权利，用选择性约定 may 也很妥当。 如果may和shall调换位置会怎么样？前半句的 shall换用may后，意思变成了当事人可以通过协 商解决，意思上说得过去，但后半句的 may换用 shall后，变成了应当诉讼解决，好像一出事，就 要先见官，这就有些不友好了。 本句可译：双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合 同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果， 合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁 达成共识的，可将争议提交给有管辖权的人民法 院解决。
英文合同翻译（Байду номын сангаас）
英文合同的定义 在英文中，合同一般称为Contract或者 Agreement。 1999年中国《合同法》第二条将合同定义为：A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations.” 根据这一定义，合同指平等主体之间设立的确定 民事权利和义务的协议。
Law Dictionary by Steven H. Gifts defines contract as “Contract is a promise，or a set of promises，for breach of which the law gives remedy，or the performance of which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”
合同翻译术语
合同翻译术语本合同翻译术语范本（以下简称“范本”）由合同范本专家根据客户需求定制，旨在帮助客户理解和翻译合同中的法律术语和条款。
范本中的术语和解释仅供参考，客户在使用时应根据具体情况进行调整和确认。
1. 合同条款翻译。
1.1 Offer and Acceptance。
意向表示和接受。
1.2 Consideration。
对价。
1.3 Legal Capacity。
法定能力。
1.4 Breach of Contract。
违约。
1.5 Force Majeure。
不可抗力。
1.6 Governing Law。
管辖法律。
1.7 Confidentiality。
保密性。
2. 保证和声明翻译。
2.1 Warranty。
保证。
2.2 Indemnity。
赔偿。
2.3 Representation。
声明。
2.4 Liability。
责任。
2.5 Termination。
终止。
3. 合同类型翻译。
3.1 Business Contract。
商业合同。
3.2 Employment Contract。
劳动合同。
3.3 Lease Agreement。
租赁合同。
3.4 Sales Contract。
销售合同。
3.5 Service Agreement。
服务协议。
客户在使用范本时，应根据具体合同内容和相关法律法规进行调整和确认，以确保翻译准确性和合法性。
如有任何疑问或需要进一步指导，请随时联系合同范本专家进行咨询。
实用合同日汉互译例解
实用合同日汉互译例解全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：对于合同日汉互译，这是一个非常重要的领域，因为合同在商业和法律上扮演着关键的角色。
合同汉译日和日译汉的准确性对于保障各方的权益至关重要。
以下是一份关于实用合同日汉互译例解的文章。
一、引言合同翻译对于国际商务合作起着至关重要的作用。
在中日双方的商务往来中，合同的翻译也显得尤为重要。
由于中日两种语言之间的差异，合同翻译可能存在一些困难和误区。
有必要进行实用的合同日汉互译例解，以帮助人们更好地理解和应用合同翻译。
二、实用合同日汉互译例解1. Confidentiality Agreement （保密协议）中文翻译：保密协议在商务合作中，保密协议是非常常见的，用来保护各方的商业机密和敏感信息。
在合同翻译中，需要准确表达各方对于保密协议的义务和责任，确保合同翻译的准确性和合法性。
2. Arbitration Clause （仲裁条款）中文翻译：仲裁条款在合同中，仲裁条款通常用于解决可能出现的纠纷和争议。
准确翻译仲裁条款对于合同的有效性和执行起着至关重要的作用。
3. Force Majeure （不可抗力）中文翻译：不可抗力在合同翻译中，不可抗力条款需要准确表达各方在不可抗力情况下的责任免除和合同终止等相关事宜，确保各方在意外情况下的合法权益。
4. Governing Law （法律适用）中文翻译：法律适用在合同中，法律适用条款规定了合同受哪个国家或地区法律管辖。
准确翻译法律适用条款对于双方的合法权益和法律约束力至关重要。
5. Termination （终止）中文翻译：终止在合同翻译中，终止条款需要清晰准确地表达合同终止的条件、程序和效力等相关事宜，以保障各方在终止合同时的合法权益。
6. Confidential Information （保密信息）中文翻译：保密信息在合同翻译中，保密信息需要准确表达各方对于保密信息的定义、保护和披露等相关事宜，以确保合同翻译的准确性和合法性。
合同英语怎么说
合同英语怎么说合同是商业交易或法律事务中非常重要的文件，用于确立双方之间的权利和义务。
以下是一些常用的合同相关英语词汇和短语：1. Contract（合同）- 用于指代正式的书面协议，详细规定了双方当事人之间的权利和义务。
2. Agreement（协议）- 与合同类似，指代当事人之间达成的共识或约定，但可能没有像合同那样具备法律效力。
3. Party（当事人）- 合同中参与交易的个人或组织。
4. Offer（出价/报价）- 表示一方愿意提供服务、商品或承担义务的行为或陈述。
5. Acceptance（接受）- 表示对提供的报价或合同条件的无保留同意。
6. Terms and Conditions（条款和条件）- 描述了合同中双方当事人所同意的具体规则和要求。
7. Consideration（对价/报酬）- 合同中为了让合同双方达成共识而提供的双方之间的互惠关系。
8. Performance（履行）- 指履行合同所规定的条款和条件，包括提供商品、服务或付款等。
9. Breach（违约）- 当一方未能按照合同规定履行义务时，发生违约。
10. Termination（终止）- 指合同的约定期满或提前终止的行为。
11. Confidentiality（保密）- 合同中规定的双方对于交流中所涉及的敏感信息的保密义务。
12. Force Majeure（不可抗力）- 指超出当事人控制范围的，无法预见、避免或克服的事件，如自然灾害或政府政策变化。
13. Indemnification（赔偿）- 根据合同约定的条件，一方可能需要向另一方支付损失、费用或损害赔偿。
14. Governing Law（管辖法律）- 如果双方当事人来自不同的国家或地区，合同通常会指定适用的管辖法律。
15. Dispute Resolution（争议解决）- 描述在合同中针对争议提起诉讼或进行仲裁的程序和条件。
以上是一些常用的合同相关英语词汇和短语，对于从事商业活动、法律事务或进行国际贸易的人士来说，掌握这些术语是非常重要的。
十七、实用文体翻译(14)合同翻译(2)
第一条 定义 The Owner 指“业主” 。 The Contractor 指“承包商” 。 “工厂”指在附录×中指定的构成固定设备的 全部机器、设备和材料。 “工地”指按本合同用于建造工厂的全部地皮。
"The Works" shall mean the works to be done by the Contractor under this Contract. "The Contract Price" shall mean the total sum payable to the Contractor by the Owner for the Works.
第六条 检验 1. 承包商应该按法律和正常的工程惯例的要求， 负责工厂所有的检验和试验工作。
2. The Owner shall be entitled at all reasonable times and at its own cost to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship of the Plant under construction. Such inspection, examination or testing if made shall not release the Contractor from any obligation under the Contract.
3. 承包商应根据附录 ×中的日程安排施工。 4. 承包商应根据附录 ×中的规定为业主培 训工厂设备的操作和 维修人员。
5. The Contractor shall supply the Owner with the spare parts specified in Appendix (…). 6. The Contractor shall supply the Owner with the maintenance equipment specified in Appendix (…).
合同范本英语翻译
合同范本英语翻译CONTRACT TEMPLATEThis Contract ("Agreement") is made and entered into as of the [Insert Date], by and between [Insert Party A Name], a [Insert State or Country] corporation with its principal place of business at [Insert Address] ("Party A"), and [Insert Party B Name], a [Insert State or Country] individual with an address at [Insert Address] ("Party B").1. Purpose of AgreementThe purpose of this Agreement is to set forth the terms and conditions under which Party A agrees to provide and Party B agrees to receive certain services ("Services") as detailed herein.2. ServicesParty A shall provide the following services to Party B: [Describe the services to be provided].3. TermThis Agreement shall commence on the date first above written and shall continue in effect until [Insert End Date or Condition], unless earlier terminated in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.4. CompensationParty B shall compensate Party A for the Services provided asfollows: [Insert Compensation Details].5. Payment TermsPayment for the Services shall be due [Insert Payment Terms, e.g., "Net 30 days from the date of invoice"].6. ConfidentialityBoth parties agree to keep confidential all information received from the other party that is designated as confidential or that ought reasonably to be considered confidential. This obligation of confidentiality shall survive the termination of this Agreement.7. Intellectual Property RightsAll intellectual property rights in the work product of the Services shall be owned by [Insert Owning Party]. The other party shall have a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use such work product solely for the purposes of this Agreement.8. Warranties and RepresentationsParty A represents and warrants that it has the right to provide the Services and that the Services will be performed in a professional and workmanlike manner. Party B represents and warrants that it has the authority to enter into this Agreement and that it will comply with all applicable laws and regulations.9. Limitation of LiabilityIn no event shall either party be liable to the other for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damagesarising out of or in connection with this Agreement, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.10. IndemnificationEach party shall indemnify and hold the other party harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, and expenses arising out of or in connection with its breach of this Agreement.11. Force MajeureNeither party shall be liable for any failure or delay in performing its obligations under this Agreement to the extent that such failure or delay is caused by circumstances beyondits reasonable control.12. TerminationEither party may terminate this Agreement upon [Insert Number] days' written notice to the other party if the other party breaches any material term of this Agreement and fails tocure such breach within [Insert Number] days after receipt of written notice.13. Entire AgreementThis Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings, whether oral or written.14. AmendmentThis Agreement may be amended only by a written instrument executed by both parties.15. Governing LawThis Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the [Insert Jurisdiction].16. Dispute ResolutionAny disputes arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the rules of [Insert Arbitration Institution].17. NoticesAll notices under this Agreement shall be in writing andshall be deemed given when delivered personally or by overnight courier or transmitted by email, and in each case to the addresses set forth below or to such other address as either party may designate in writing.Party A: [Insert Address and Contact Information]Party B: [Insert Address and Contact Information]18. CounterpartsThis Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.Party A: [Insert Party A Name]By: [Insert Name and Title of Authorized Signatory]Party B: [Insert Party B Name]By: [Insert Name and Title of Authorized Signatory]。
合同翻译常用语
This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party. 此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix. 本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively) which shall become valid on the date of signature. 本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally authentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties. 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。
本合同一式两份。
自双方签字（盖章）之日起生效。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers， whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
合同翻译2
合同翻译2一．词的用法1.Notwithstanding: prep. In spite of法律文件常用语，比although正式例1：The works shall be measured net, notwithstanding any general or local custom, except where otherwise provided for in the contract.无论通常的和当地的习惯如何，工程计量应该计量净值，但合同另有规定的除外。
例2：Notwithstanding the provisions of this clause or any other clause of the contract, no payment certificates shall be issued by the Engineer until the performance security is submitted by the contractor under the contract and approved by the employer.尽管有本条款或任何其它合同条款的规定，在承包人提交履约保证并经业主批准之前，工程师不对任何支付款额开具证书。
2.where的用法A.充当条件状语从句：如果。
，倘若。
例1：Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly fix or make provisions for determining the price, the parties are considered, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, to have impliedly made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade concerned.如果合同已有效地订立，但没有明示地规定价格，在没有任何相反表示的情况下，双方当事人应视为已默示地引用订立合同时此种货物在有关贸易的类似情况下销售的通常价格。
合同书英文翻译
合同书英文翻译英文回答：Contract of Sale。
This Contract of Sale (the "Contract") is entered into and made this [date] by and between [buyer's name] ("Buyer") and [seller's name] ("Seller").1. Sale of Property。
Seller hereby sells and conveys to Buyer, and Buyer hereby purchases from Seller, the following described real property (the "Property"):[Legal description of property]2. Purchase Price。
The purchase price for the Property shall be [purchaseprice], payable as follows:[Down payment amount] due upon execution of this Contract。
[Balance amount] due at closing。
3. Closing。
Closing shall take place on [closing date] at [closing location].4. Title。
Seller shall convey marketable title to the Property to Buyer free and clear of all liens and encumbrances, except as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto.5. Possession。
合同翻译用语大全英文
合同翻译用语大全英文英文版合同翻译用语大全：1. 双方基本信息Basic Information of the Parties Involved本合同由以下主体签署本合同：The present agreement is entered into by and between:甲方：(公司/个体) (名称) 公司组织机构代码(或统一社会信用代码)：(地址)：Party A: (Company/Individual) (Name) Company Registration number (or Unified Social Credit Code)：(Address)：乙方：(公司/个体) (名称) 公司组织机构代码(或统一社会信用代码)：(地址)：Party B: (Company/Individual) (Name) Company Registration number (or Unified Social Credit Code)：(Address)：2. 各方身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任Identification, Rights, Obligations, Performance, Duration, Breach Liability of Parties Involved2.1 甲方身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任Identification, Rights, Obligations, Performance, Duration, Breach Liability of Party A2.2 乙方身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任Identification, Rights, Obligations, Performance, Duration, Breach Liability of Party B3. 需遵守中国的相关法律法规Compliance with Relevant Chinese Laws and Regulations本合同各项条款需遵守中国相关法律法规，有任何违法行为需承担相应责任。
合同的翻译2
c. Without prejudice to your powers and discretions, we hereby authorize you or your agents to take any actions including but not limited to the following: 在不损害对方权利和决定的原则下本公司授权贵方活贵方代理采取包括但不限于下列的任何行动。
A. Some frequently-used phrases
1. In witness whereof 兹证明，
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Contract to be executed in duplicate by their duly authorized officers or representatives at the date written above.
兹证明，双方各自授权代表于上述日期签订本合同一式两份。
2. Whereas鉴于
a. Whereas Party A desires to export to Party B the goods as specified in Exhibit A hereof (hereinafter called the “Goods”); and whereas Party B desires to import the Goods from Party A…鉴于甲方愿意向乙方出口本合同附件A中所规定的物品(以下附件简称“货物”)，并且鉴于乙方愿意向甲方进口货物。。。。。。
《商务英语》—合同翻译
合同翻译——张溪 T00914067 广告学合同合同编号：_______________ 签订日期：_______________ 买方：_______________卖方：_______________买卖双方就以下提及的货物进行协商，并同意按照下列规定条款签订本合同：1.货物，规格明细单，和数量2.单价和总值3.原产地国与制造商4.包装以及标准货物应具有防潮、防锈蚀、防震并适合于远洋运输的包装，由于货物包装不良而造成的货物残损、灭失应由卖方负责。
5.运输唛头卖方应在每个包装箱上用不褪色的颜色标明尺码、包装箱号码、毛重、净重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心轻放”等标记。
6.装运期限7.装运口岸8.目的口岸9.保险费运输后由买方承担。
10.支付款项（1）信用证方式：买方一旦收到卖方关于条款12中。
，须在装运期前15到20天开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的议付信用证。
根据开证银行与条款11中制定的船运单据呈现的草稿，此信用证必须是可付的。
信用证在装船完毕后15天日内到期。
(2)收款：交货以后，卖方须通过中国银行将11条款中的运输单据发给买方以收款。
(3) M\T,T\T：收到本合同条款11中制定的运输单据后，买方须在不晚于7天内付款。
11.单据(1)卖方须给协商的支付银行呈现以下单据：（a）在目的港口，通知中国对外贸易公司在一整套被标记了“运费到付”的清洁装运提单的空白收货人一栏签字。
（b）五份标明合同编号与唛头的发票（超过一个唛头，发票须分开发行）；（c）五份标明运输重量，数量与对应的发票日期的包装清单；（d）两份由制造商按照条款16中（1）发布的质量与数量的证书；（e）一份发往买方迅速告知其货物已装载的电报。
(2) 卖方须连同本条款中项目e以外的上述所提及的每一份单据与运输货物一起发送给目的口岸的中国国际外贸运输公司。
12.装运条款（1）卖方应在合同规定的装运日期前40天，以电报方式通知买方合同号、品名、数量、金额、包装件、毛重、尺码及装运港可装日期。
商务翻译5合同和协议的翻译
求同型近义词
与求异型近义词相反，求同型近义词所追求的效果 不是为表达各次之间的差别意义，而是为了表达它 们的共同意义。
[例1] 双方可在必要时通过协商修改本合同。
The parties may, through consultation, make amendments to and revision of this contract as and when the need arise.
At the request of Part B, Part A agrees to send technicians to assist Part B to install the equipment.
e.g. 在加工贸易中，生产方对原材料和产成品都 没有所有权。 In processing transactions, the manufactures never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
买卖合同salescontract委托合同consignmentcontract租赁合同leasecontract雇用合同employmentcontract贮存合同storagecontract代理合同agencycontract抵押合同mortgagecontract仓储合同warehousingcontracttradeagreement贸易协议barteragreement易货协议loanagreement贷款协议clearingagreement清算协议agencyagreement代理协议categoriesofagreementsreparationagreement赔偿协议cooperationagreement合作协议financingagreement融资协议consignmentagreement委托协议confidentialityagreement保密协议合同contract约首preamble正文body约尾witnessclause约首preamble订约日期dateofsigning订约双方signingparties双方合法依据eachpartysauthority订约地点placeofsigning订约缘由recitalsofwhereasclause定义条款definitionclause是对合同书中反复使用的词汇或在合同中具有特定意义的用语进行说明和解释
合同翻译
• In establishing a foreign-funded advertising enterprise ,one shall abide by the present provisions as well as the law of the people's republic of china on Sino-foreign equity joint enterprises, the law of the people's republic of China Foreign -funded Enterprise, the Advertising Law of the People' republic of china, regulations on the management of advertisements, the regulations on the qualifications of advertising operators or issuers of advertisements and the phraseology for determining the business scope of advertising ,and other relevant laws, regulations and rules.
•
设立外商投资广告企业， 规定外，还应当遵守《 设立外商投资广告企业，除必须遵守本规定外，还应当遵守《中 华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》 华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中 外合作经营企业法》 中华人民共和国外资企业法》 外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》、 中华人民共和国广告法》 广告管理条例》 《中华人民共和国广告法》、《广告管理条例》、《广告经 营者、广告发布者资质标准及广告经营范围核定用语规范 核定用语规范》 营者、广告发布者资质标准及广告经营范围核定用语规范》 等有关法律、法规、规章。 等有关法律、法规、规章。 • In establishing a foreign-funded advertising enterprise ,one shall abide by the present provisions as well as the law of the people's republic of china on Sino-foreign equity joint enterprises, the law of the people's republic of China Foreign -funded Enterprise, the Advertising Law of the People' republic of china, regulations on the management of advertisements, the regulations on the qualifications of advertising operators or issuers of advertisements and the phraseology for determining the business scope of advertising ,and other relevant laws, regulations and rules.
商务合同中英文翻译
汉译英1. 卖方将尽力在交货期内包装好所有货物。
The seller will endeavor to complete all packaging within time for the delivery date.2. 买方承担在货物运输和销售中的成本和费用。
32The buyer is responsible for the costs and charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods.3. 卖方将一次性发送货物。
到交货地的运输方式将由卖方决定。
33The seller will deliver the goods in a single shipment. The mode of transport to the point of delivery is at the seller’s dis cretion. 4. 卖方应尽一切努力启运货物以便能及时交货。
The seller will make every effort to commence transport of the goods so that they will arrive by the delivery date.5. 如果推迟交货，卖方应立即告知买方推迟交货，预定的交货期和耽搁的理由。
If there is any delay, the seller will immediately notify the buyer of the delay, the expected time for delivery, and the reason for the delay.买方有权就新的交货日期与卖方进行重新磋商，双方将以书面形式在协议上写下所做出的修改。
或者，买方有权通知卖方终止合同。
The buyer will then have the option to renegotiate with the seller for a new delivery date, which the parties will confirm in writing as a modification to this agreement, or to notify the seller that the agreement is terminated.6. 为了自己的利益，买方将为运输中的货物投保。
合同 翻译
合同翻译Contract Translation(Translation in Chinese)合同翻译合同编号：XXX-XXX-XXXX日期：XX年XX月XX日本合同由以下双方根据平等互利的原则达成：甲方：（公司/个人名称）地址：XXX联系电话：XXX法定代表人/签署人：XXX乙方：（公司/个人名称）地址：XXX联系电话：XXX法定代表人/签署人：XXX以下所述为双方就以下事宜达成的协议：1. 描述和范围甲方同意向乙方提供以下服务或商品：（详细描述）2. 期限本合同有效期为XX个月/年，自签署之日起开始生效，除非提前终止或延长。
3. 付款方式乙方同意按照约定的付款方式和日期支付相应费用。
所有费用均需以人民币支付。
4. 违约和解除双方一致同意，在违约或履行不符合本合同规定的情况下，对方有权要求违约方赔偿。
如果出现争议，双方同意通过友好协商解决，如果协商不成，争议将提交至仲裁解决。
5. 保密条款双方保证在合作过程中保守对方的商业秘密和机密信息，不得向第三方透露或公开。
6. 适用法律和管辖权本合同适用于中华人民共和国法律，对本合同的解释和争议解决均受中华人民共和国法律法规的管辖。
7. 其他事项（根据实际情况增加其他合同条款）本合同一式两份，甲乙双方各持一份有效。
合同签署后双方不得无故擅自解除或终止合同。
甲方签字：___________________日期：_____________________乙方签字：___________________ 日期：_____________________。
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合同翻译（二）涉外经贸合同的翻译步骤因英文合同涉及缔约当事人的权利、义务关系，其一旦生效便具有法律约束力，任何违背合同约定的行为，都应承担相应的责任。
在翻译的过程中，我们必须忠于原文，不得做与原文有出入的翻译，若有不慎，就会带来难以预估的法律责任。
1、分析通读全文并研究其结构，做到全面理解、掌握内涵，并从宏观上了解合同原文的总体精神和篇章结构。
要充分理解合同文本的第一步就是要对合同的体裁和种类进行分类。
不同的体裁和种类的合同有不同的章法可循。
英文合同种类繁多，只有了解合同种类、吃透条款的内涵，才能保证译文的质量。
2、理解翻译前要读懂原文。
合同文件十分枯燥、乏味，句子长、术语多，理解上颇费功夫。
所以耐心读懂合同原文至关重要。
理解合同文件中的规约用语。
here: hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto, hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter;there: thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereon, thereof.这些词汇的共同特点是使文体更具庄重感，同时意义确定，能将复杂的含义集中到一个简洁的表达里，在合同文件中使用这些词，可以避免重复、误解和歧义，使行文庄重严谨。
理清合同文件中的句子结构合同类法律文件的起草者为了使行文完整严密，不造成曲解、误解，往往选择使用结构复杂的长句，句序变化大，从句的插入手法多，经常使用被动语态和否定提前等。
在翻译时，一定要理顺句子之间的逻辑结构，注意行文的条理性及严谨性。
3. 表达在分析和理解的基础上，要用目的语将原文内容表达出来。
译者对原文的理解程度、翻译技巧、翻译手法和风格等都决定着翻译的质量。
在合同翻译中绝不能提笔就译，草率行事。
词语是构成合同文本的基本单位，是翻译合同文件的基础。
所以选词是关键。
4. 校正校正是翻译活动的最后一关。
在准确表达的前提下，力求使译文的格式和文体符合合同规范的要求。
在校正的过程中要注意的问题是细节，如合同中的重要条款、细节部分（如合同的标的物和关于货币的支付形式）以及容易被忽略的细微之处是否有漏译或错译等。
商务合同语篇特色语体正式、严肃、稳重；措辞严密准确；固定行文程式，以符合合同行业规范；多用长句、被动语态、名词化结构；语言特点：主题突出、指称直接、逻辑性强、限定详尽、指向明确。
合同词汇特征1、专业词汇丰富。
2、用语正式规范3、使用旧体词。
4、使用缩略语1、专业词汇丰富。
经贸合同种类繁多，涉及贸易、技术、法律等学科。
而专业词汇是用来准确表达科学概念的词汇，具有丰富的内涵和外延。
为了准确描述合同双方的权利和义务，合同中往往使用法律类的专业术语。
商务合同种类商品交易（货物买卖、设备进出口、包销、代理、寄售、易货、补偿贸易等）劳务服务（工程承包、工程合作、劳务合作、来料加工、承揽、加工装配等）科研（技术开发、技术合作、技术引进与输出、技术转让、技术许可实施）投资（合资经营企业、合作经营企业、合作生产、商标使用许可）资金融通（商业信用贷款、银行信用贷款、补偿贸易贷款、技术引进贷款、设备进口贷款、工程项目贷款、开发基金贷款、协议基金贷款、专项贷款）其他：保证、保险、委托、租赁、职工劳动、培训、广告、仲裁、经营管理。
2、用语正式规范国际贸易合同属于法律文体，是规范程度较高的一种文体，其用语保守，经常使用正式程度很高的书面语言，以体现合同的正规、庄重和严肃。
例：要约可以撤回，撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或者与要约同时到达受要约人。
The offer may be withdrawn, if, before or at the same time when an offer arrives, the withdrawal notice reaches the offeree.例：The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed as part of this Contract.整个合同期间，本合同的附件应被解释为合同的一部分。
3、使用旧体词旧体词均为副词，一般是here, there,或where与in, on, after, of 等介词结合构成复合词。
使用旧体词不仅可以使合同语言更为简练、规范、严肃，文体更为正式庄重、严谨，而且避免了用词重复和文句冗长。
4、使用缩略语国际贸易合同中的缩略语主要为首字母缩略词和简短词，其中，价格、支付及包销方式大多以首字母缩略词形式出现。
B/L: bill of lading 提单CIF: coast, insurance, and freight到岸价格、保险费加运费D/D: demand draft 即期汇票FOB: free on board 船上交货价格，离岸价格M/T: mail transfer 信汇，邮汇T/T: telegraphic transfer电汇计量单位及相关名称通常以简短词形式出现：CM: centimeterKG: kilogramMA: maximumNo: numberPC: pieceT: ton同一个首字母缩写词可指代不同的短语：P.O.D. 既可指交货地点（place of delivery），也可指目的港、卸货港（port of destination; port of discharge）大小写不同,意义不同：SC：sales contract销售合同Sc: scilicet.亦即，换句话说书写形式不同，但指代同一意义：C.O., C/O均指cash order 现金汇票，现金订货用词选择：同义词的选择：根据单词的内涵进行选择。
例：在合同有效期内，双方对合同产品涉及的技术如有改进和发展，应相互免费将改进和发展的技术资料提供给对方。
Within the validity term of the Contract, both parties shall provide each other with the improvement and development of the technology related to the Contract Products free of charge.(provide: give sb. sth. free of charge. supply不明确)例：改进和开发的技术，其所有权属于改进和开发的一方。
The improved and developed technology shall be owned by the party who has improved and developed the technology. (belong to, possess)本细则的解释权属于中华人民共和国财政部。
The right of interpreting the detailed rules and regulations resides in the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China.根据搭配关系进行选择例：合资经营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国的法律。
All the activities of a joint adventure shall comply with the laws of the People’s Republic of China. (observe, abide by, obey, comply with-activities)根据合同的文体进行选择-正式、约定俗成买方须于销售确认书第三条所规定日期之前开出本批交易的信用证。
否则，售方有权不经通知取消确认书，或接受买方对本销售确认书未履行的全部或一部，或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。
The Buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit beforethe date specified in Clause Three of this Sales Confirmation, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Confirmation not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.例：Party A shall not be required to pay at once/forthwith any royalties in default on the part of Party B to the Delivery of Technical Documentation.如乙方在技术资料的交付方面违约，不应要求甲方立即支付任何专利权使用费。
The Parties acknowledge and agree that the Joint Venture Company shall be formed forthwith upon satisfaction of the condition.缔约各方确认并同意，一旦条件符合，合资经营公司便立即成立。
如果许可方允许任何第三方在任何地方使用本专利或相应的专利，及有关特许产品的生产、使用和销售的许可证，而且其条件比本协议规定的条件更优惠，许可方应立即以书面形式将这些优惠许可的细节通知被许可方，被许可方有接受相同优惠条件的选择权。
例：If the Licensor allows/grants any other license under the Patent or their other responding patents to any third party in connection with the manufacture, use and sale of the licensed products in any place under such conditions as are more favorable to a licensee than those provided herein, the licensor shall promptly/forthwith inform/notify the Licensee in written form of the details of such other license and the licensee has the choice/option to adopt equally favorable conditions.一词多义的处理根据词性确定词义例：The prices quoted include a progressive commission, to be calculated on FOB basis, of 2% for a single order for 10 dozen or up 3% for 30 dozen or up.所报价格包括累进佣金，按FOB价（free on board离岸价格）为基础计算，每订单在10打及以上时佣金为2%，30打及以上时为3%。