推理小说用英语怎么说.doc
2019-2020年九年级英语上册Detective stories(I)
2019-2020年九年级英语上册Detective stories(I)Unit 6 Detective stories（2）第六单元侦探小说语法指南直接引语和间接引语当我们引用别人的话时，可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，如果是引用原话，被引用的部分就称为直接引语，如果是转述，就称为间接引语。
如：A. The detective asked: “Who knows the victim?”，其中的“Who knows the victim?”就是直接引语。
B. The detective asked who knew the victim. 其中的who knew the victim就是间接引语。
直接引语通常用引号(“”)括起来，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
★如果引用的句子原来是一个陈述句，在间接引语的开头用连词that；要根据意思改变人称，同时引语中的谓语和主句的谓语在时态上要相对称。
He said, “the old woman looks very worried.”①He said that the old woman looked very worried.他说那位老太太看起来很着急。
Mr Smith said, “Children, those workers are working.”②Mr Smith told Children that those workers were working.史密斯先生告诉孩子们那些工人正在工作。
①②两句中的间接引语开头用连词that，在动词say后，有时that可以省略。
Tom said to me, “I have left my toy at home.”③Tom told me that he had left his toy at home.汤姆告诉我他把玩具掉在家里了。
The victim’s mother said to the police: “I am very shocked.”④The victim’s mother told the police that she was very shocked.受害人的母亲告诉警察说她很震惊。
小说的分类-英语ppt精选全文完整版
按作品内容分类
武侠小说（也有叫武打小说，金庸为代表，可看做男性言情和励志小说）
言情小说（包括很多，如后宫文，穿越文，都市文，青春校园文等）
爱情传奇小说（言情小说独立分支；也有说是言情的最前身，即唐传奇；当代代表作《塔里木河》）
推理小说（很大程度上，推理即悬疑）
悬疑小说（很大程度上，悬疑即推理）
中国
外国
《阿Q正传》——鲁迅 《老人与海》——海明 《透明的红罗卜》、 威（美）
《野种》、《你的行 《鸳之死》——维尔 为使我们恐惧》—— 加（意大利） 莫言
中国
外国
世界三大短篇小说巨匠
(there great masters of short
《摩罗诗力说》、《文化偏 stories in the world)
• Novella (中篇小说)
• Short story (短篇小说）
• Mini-story (微型小说）
• 长篇小说 长篇小说字数最为不定，字数差距最大。有十几万
字的（这算是长篇小说字数的底线了），更有上百万字甚至几百 万字的长篇小说。如此长篇小说还可分为小长篇（一般的在十几 万到三十万字间），中长篇（一般的是五六十万字），大长篇 （一般要在八十万字以上），超长篇（一般的要达到一百五十万 字）巨长篇（往往是几百万字数的，像二百多万字，三百多万字 甚至过五百万字的）。
• A Tale of Two Cities---Charles John Huffam Dickens
• Gone with the Wind---Margaret Mitchell
• The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe--Daniel·Defoe
• David Copperfield---Charles John Huffam Dickens
小说种类中英对照
Alternate history novel 架空历史小说（即描写“并非真实发生的虚构历史”）Anti-war novel 反战小说Autobiographical novel 自传Bildungsroman 成长小说；教育小说（详细描写主人公成长过程的）Biographical novel 传记Campus novel 校园小说Chick lit novel 鸡仔文学；小妞文学（指由女性撰写并且主要面向二、三十岁的单身职场女性的文学作品）Comedy novel 喜剧小说Crime novel 犯罪小说Cyberpunk novel 赛博朋克小说（科幻小说的分支）Detective novel 侦探小说Epic novel 史诗小说Epistolary novel 书信体小说Erotic novel 艳情小说Existentialist novel 存在主义小说Family saga novel 家世小说Fan fiction 同人小说（以电视剧、动漫、游戏为基础而二次创作的作品）Fantasy novel 玄幻小说；奇幻小说（和科幻小说有很大区别，很多都是天马行空的想象）Feminist novel 女性小说Ghost novel 灵异小说Gothic novel 哥特式小说Graphic novel 图像小说；绘图小说Historical novel 历史小说Horror novel=Shocker=Thriller 恐怖小说Light novel 轻小说（通常使用漫画风格作为插画的一种娱乐性文学作品）Magic realism novel 魔幻现实主义小说Modernist novel 现代主义小说Mystery novel 悬疑小说；推理小说Non-fiction novelParanormal novelParody novelPhilosophical novelPicaresque novel 流浪汉小说（诞生于十六世纪中后期的西班牙的一种叙事文体，它通常采用第一人称叙述方式，由一个下层主角的浪游串联一系列故事而成，是现代意义上的“小说”(novel)的最早叙事作品。
英语PPT-关于文学
W. William Shakespeare HaTmhleatt:Tmoakbese,caolarmnitoytotfosobelo-ngthlifaet. is the question:
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
hamlet 哈姆雷特 Whether it's nobler in the mind to suffer
Short story
Novel
பைடு நூலகம்
Novel
• saga (river) novel 长篇小说 • short novel, long short story 中篇小说 • short story 短篇小说 • love story 爱情小说 • deterctive story 侦破小说 • mystery story 怪诞小说 • whodunit 推理小说 • humorous story 幽默小说 • historical novel 历史小说
•
plot 情节
• intrigue 错综复杂的剧情
• story 故事
• episode 逸事
• ending, denouement 结局
• model 人物原型
• leading character 主人公
• mainplot 主要情节
• prelude 序曲
• prologue 序言
• epilogue 尾声
Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
文学专业英语词汇
Literature 文学Classical literture 古典文学Contemporary literature 现代文学Popular literature 大众文学Light literature 通俗文学Folklore 民间文学Saga (river) novel 长篇小说Short novel, long short story 中篇小说Short story 短篇小说Love story 爱情小说Detective story 侦探小说Mystery story 怪诞小说Whodunit 推理小说Humorous story 幽默小说Historical novel 历史小说Essay 随笔Book of travels 游记Reportage 报告文学Criticism 评论Best seller 畅销书Anthology 选集The complete works(of) 全集Edition, printing 版Masterpiece 杰作Copyright 版权, 著作权Deluxe binding 精装Flat stitching 平装Smyth sewed 线装Humanities 人文学科Writer 作家Book 书Volume 卷Theatre 戏剧(美作theater)Drama 话剧Comedy 喜剧Tragedy 悲剧Farce 滑稽剧Play 剧本The three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) Playwright 编剧Act 幕Scene 场Plot 情节Intrigue 错综复杂的剧情Story 故事Episode 逸事Ending, denouement 结局Poetry 诗歌Poet 诗人Poem 诗Epic poetry 史诗Epopee 叙事诗Ode 颂歌Sonnet 十四行诗Verse, stanza (诗)节Line (诗)行Rhyme 韵脚,押韵Metrics 韵律学,格律学Prose 散文Novel 小说Biography 自传Allegory 寓言Science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说Satire 讽刺诗Essay 杂文Composition 学术著作Rhetoric 修辞学Oratory 讲演术Declamation 朗诵技巧Improvisation 即席讲演Criticism 批判主义Critic 批评家Wit 才智,创作才能Eloquence 文才Lyricism 抒情性。
推理小说简介
日本推理小说第一人 —江户川乱步
推理小说的流派
●本格派 ●社会派 ●法庭派 ●悬疑派 ●冷酷派
发展历程：起源
“推理小说鼻祖”：埃德加· 爱伦· 坡（Edgar Allan Poe)（1809 ～1849） ，十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家。他在 《莫格街谋杀案》(1841)、《马里· 罗盖特的秘密》(1842)和 《被窃的信件》(1844)这3篇著名的短篇推理小说里，塑造了 第一个业余侦探杜宾的形象。杜宾通过观察和推理破案，成 了后来推理小说中侦探形象的模型。爱伦· 坡共写了7篇推理 小说，虽然只是他的著作的一小部分，但却首创了推理小说 的模式，对推理小说的发展产生了重大影响。
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新本格推理的掌旗手 ——岛田庄司
• 公认的新 本格推理 的掌旗 手 ，着 重设计诡 计与谜团 • 三十三岁 • 代表作： 时以本格 《占星术 推理巨作 杀人魔法》 《占星术 杀人魔法》 一鸣惊人
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新本格七大守则
一、事件的舞台必须是封闭空间，例如孤岛或暴风雪山庄。登场人物无 法自由出入，也必须排除拥有先进鉴识技术的警方。亦即，必须保证只 有逻辑思考才能破案的必然性。 二、屋内的各房间都要能够上锁，属于重视隐私的建筑物。 三、屋宅的主人或客人，全员在小说开头都必须介绍给读者，凶手就在 其中。 四、发生了各种事件，并导向血腥的惨剧。 五、侦探登场，是后来才出场，或是一开始就在屋内都可以。 六、惨剧依然继续发生，但凶手的身份依然不明。侦探开始提出推理， 读者可以跟着斗智。 七、侦探在故事最后指出凶手，必须是令读者意外的人物。如果无法做 到，就不能称为成功的作品。
升级英语词汇库文学英语词汇大全
升级英语词汇库文学英语词汇大全文学作品是人类创造的精神财富，而英语作为一门国际语言，在文学领域中扮演着重要的角色。
掌握丰富的英语词汇对于理解文学作品、提升阅读与写作能力至关重要。
因此，升级英语词汇库文学英语词汇大全成为众多学习者的追求。
本文将介绍一些关于文学英语词汇的常用术语，用以拓宽读者的文学词汇储备。
一、文学体裁与形式1. 小说 (Novel)小说作为最常见的文学体裁之一，包含了许多子类型，如：历史小说 (Historical novel)、科幻小说 (Science fiction novel)、推理小说(Detective novel)、爱情小说 (Romance novel)等。
2. 散文 (Prose)散文是一种自由的文学形式，不受特定韵律、格律、章法等约束，通常用于叙述、描写和抒情。
例如：随笔(Essay)、回忆录(Memoir)等。
3. 诗歌 (Poetry)诗歌以鲜明的节奏、音调和形象为特征，用高度的艺术语言表达情感和思想。
不同的诗体包括：抒情诗 (Lyric poetry)、叙事诗 (Narrative poetry)、寓言诗 (Fable poetry)等。
4. 戏剧 (Drama)戏剧是一种以对话和动作来呈现故事情节的文学形式，通常包括舞台剧 (Stage play)、影视剧 (Film/TV drama)等。
常见的戏剧形式有：喜剧 (Comedy)、悲剧 (Tragedy)等。
二、文学技巧与元素1. 比喻 (Metaphor)比喻是一种修辞手法，通过将一个概念与另一个概念进行隐喻性的联系，以达到形象化的效果。
例如："世界是一本书"。
2. 暗示 (Foreshadowing)暗示是指在文学作品中提前预示某一事件或发展，为后续情节埋下伏笔。
例如：角色的梦境或对白中透露出将来要发生的事情。
3. 反讽 (Irony)反讽是一种修辞手法，通过表达与原本意义相反的东西来达到一种戏剧性的效果。
(完整版)文学及哲学类英语词汇
英语分类词汇：文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗)行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essay 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性流行书站英语分类词汇：哲学相关词汇感性Sensibility知性Understanding理性Reason认识论theory of cognition先天综合判断a priori synthetic judgment物自体thing-in-itself先验感性论Transcendental Aesthetic感性论Aesthetic直观intuition感觉sensation经验性的直观empirical intuition纯粹的直观pure intuition形而上学；玄学metaphysics质料matter形式form先验逻辑Transcendental logic先验分析论Transcendental analytic先验辩证论Transcendental dialectic纯粹的知性概念pure concepts of the understanding原则的能力faculty of principles规则的能力faculty of rules先验幻相Transcendental illusion宇宙论cosmology二律背反antinomy善的意志good will道德律令moral command至善summum bonum崇高sublime反思判断judgment of reflection[唯]意志论Voluntarism一般陶冶general culture七艺{文法、逻辑、修辞、音乐、算数、几何、天文} Seven liberal arts人本主义；人文主义humanism人本教育；人文教育humanistic education三科{文法、逻辑、修辞} trivium下意识subconsciousness士气morale大修道院学校abbey school大礼堂auditorium女生训导{史} Dean of women女修道院convent女校友alumna 工艺教育arts and crafts education; industrial arts education工艺学校arts and crafts school中古教育；中世纪教育medieval education中央学校{十九世纪初期英国国教派创设的基础学校} central school五项运动{奥运比赛项目} pentathlon公民教育Citizenship education; Education for citizenship公民德行civic virtue反省；反思reflection反省[后]行为reflective behavior反省思考reflective thought天主教教学法catholic pedagogy文化；修养culture文化教育cultural education文化教育学Culture pedagogy文字主义；字句主义verbalism方法论methodology主教座堂学校；圣公会学校Cathedral school; Episcopal school主教学校Bishop's school主智教育；主知教育Intellectualistic education 主智论；主知论Intellectualism主意教育voluntaristic education兄弟会{美国大学男生社团} fraternity可陶冶性；可塑性figurability古典主义Classicism古典语文｛古希腊文、拉丁文｝classical language 古典学科classical course古典学校；古典学派classical school四目{音乐、算数、几何、天文} quadrivium本性original nature母性maternity母道；母仪mothercraft母语mother language; mother tongue民本教育democratic education民族主义nationalism民族主义教育nationalistic education目的论teleology先天观念innate idea同情sympathy合理化[作用] rationalization回教教育；伊斯兰教育Mohammedan education [= Islamic education]自由意志free will自然主义naturalism自然主义教育naturalistic education自然趋势natural tendency自然惩罚natural punishment判断judgment助理教师assistant teacher助理教授assistant professor形式陶冶；形式训练formal culture [= formal discipline]批判分数critical score批判教育学Critical pedagogy批评课criticism lesson男生训导{史} Dean of men男生通勤学校{英，相对于寄宿学校} boy's day school系统教育学Systematic pedagogy良心conscience儿童之家children's home儿童文学children's literature儿童指导所Child-guidance clinic儿童学Paidology; Paedology夜校{英} moonlight school姊妹会{美国大学女生社团} sorority性格；品格character拉丁文法学校{英、美} Latin grammar school 泛爱主义philanthropism泛爱主义教育philanthropic education泛爱学校philanthropic school社会化socialization社会主义Socialism社会主义教育socialistic education社会学Sociology初民教育primitive education初级教义问答学校；天主教望教友要理班Catechumenal school非教派学校undenominational school品格培养character building; formation of character品格教育character education品格测验character test品格评比character rating品格诊断；品性诊断character diagnosis建教制度{就学与工作时间可轮替之制度} alternating plan; alternating system思考thinking 施济学校{英国中世纪时期修道院的慈善学校} almonry school柔性教育soft education查经班Bible class相属原则Principle of belonging美育aesthetic education美育[教]学esthetic pedagogy美感aesthetic feeling美感判断esthetic judgment美学aesthetics; esthetics军国主义；黩武思想；军国民主义militarism 重述要旨；简述大意recapitulation音乐学校conservatory; music school个人主义individualism修女学校nunnery school修道院cloister修道院教育monastic education修道院学校monastery school; monastic school; cloister school修辞学校rhetorical school伦理教育ethical education伦理学Ethics原理；原则principle原创性originality哲学的教育学philosophical pedagogy宫廷学校Court school; Palace school校友alumnus; alumni {pl.}校友会alumni association校风school ethos格言；行为准则maxim气质temperament消极训练negative discipline消极教育negative education消极适应negative adaptation神学校Theological seminary神学院divinity school; theological college; theological seminary神学教育theological education纯粹科学pure science虔敬主义pietism高级教义问答学校；天主教进阶要理班Catechetical school副校长assistant principal副教授associate professor唱诗学校Choir school问答法question and answer method唯物论materialism唯实主义教育realistic education唯实论；实在论realism国家教育；民族教育national education基督宗教教育Christian education专业道德；专业伦理[学] professional ethics情感[作用]；感情affection情操sentiment推论；推理inference [= reasoning]教生{英国17世纪中叶用法}；实习教师{英国现行用法} student-teacher; trainee teacher教育工作者educator教育可能性possibility of education教育史History of education教育决定论educational determinism教育委员{十九世纪英国中央层级的教育委员，负责对各级教育的视导} commissioner on education 教育哲学Educational philosophy; Philosophy of education教育价值educational value教育学家；教育学者educationalist; educationist 教育历程educational process教派学校{基督宗教} denominational school; sectarian school教区学校parish school; parochial school教规；训诫precept教会教育Church education; Missionary education教会学校Mission school教义问答教学法{要理问答教学法} catechetic; catechism; catechetic method教仆{古希腊}；教育学者pedagogue启蒙运动Enlightenment; The enlightenment理性；理由reason理性教育rational education理性论；理性主义rationalism理想ideal理论教育学theoretical pedagogy现代语文；现代外语{相对于古典语文} modern languages毕业式commencement移动学校{美国初期为解决郊区学子就学问题所提供教师至该区巡回教育的措施} moving school规范科学{相对于实证科学} normative science通艺学科；博艺学科liberal arts陆军学校army school 陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德} bildung博士论文Doctoral dissertation; Doctorate dissertation博士学位Doctorate; Doctor's degree; Doctoral degree博雅教育liberal education发生法genetic method象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionistic pedagogy进步主义教育progressive education传记法biographical method奥林匹克运动会{奥运} Olympian ; Olympic ; Olympic games意志will意志教育education of will意识consciousness意识流streams of consciousness慈善学校charity school感官训练sense training感官唯实论sense realism感官教育sense education感官陶冶sense culture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育New education新教学校Protestant school暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestive questioning溯因考察causal investigation禁闭confinement punishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empirical pedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bible school资讯；知识information [=knowledge]运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moral education道德教学moral instruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练material discipline实质陶冶material culture对话法dialogistical method歌咏团glee club演绎法deductive method种族差异race difference罚则penalty schedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育} reading school俭约教育thrift education剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施} Cambridge plan审美aesthetic appreciation模范课model lesson模范学校model school论理次序；逻辑次序logical order论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对} nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors' degree学位巾academic hood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英} scholar学科轮替制alternation of studies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprentice ship system; apprentice system学徒教育apprentice ship education学徒学校apprentice school学校；学派school学校志chronicle of school学院袍academic gown导生{英} monitor导生分组制monitorial-group plan导生制{史} monitorial system导生学校monitor school积极教育positive education应用科学applied science矫正院；感化院House of correction斋舍制{英国公学制度} house system归纳法inductive method骑士教育chivalric education惩罚penalty; punishment 艺术教育art education; artistic education续学运动back-to-the-school movement辩证法dialectic; dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学} idealism陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德}bildung博士论文Doctoraldissertation Doctoratedissertation博士学位Doctorate Doctor'sdegree Doctoraldegree博雅教育liberaleducation发生法geneticmethod象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionisticpedagogy进步主义教育progressiveeducation传记法biographicalmethod奥林匹克运动会{奥运}Olympian Olympic Olympicgames意志will意志教育educationofwill意识consciousness意识流streamsofconsciousness慈善学校charityschool感官训练sensetrainin感官唯实论senserealism感官教育senseeducation感官陶冶senseculture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育Neweducation新教学校Protestantschool暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestivequestioning溯因考察causalinvestigation禁闭confinementpunishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empiricalpedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bibleschool资讯；知识information=knowledge运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moraleducation道德教学moralinstruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练materialdiscipline实质陶冶materialculture对话法dialogisticalmethod歌咏团gleeclub演绎法deductivemethod种族差异racedifference罚则penaltyschedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育}readingschool俭约教育thrifteducation剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施}Cambridgeplan审美aestheticappreciation模范课modellesson模范学校modelschool论理次序；逻辑次序logicalorder论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对}nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors'degree学位巾academichood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英}scholar学科轮替制alternationofstudies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprenticeshipsystem apprenticesystem 学徒教育apprenticeshipeducation学徒学校apprenticeschool学校；学派school学校志chronicleofschool学院袍academicgown导生{英}monitor导生分组制monitorial-groupplan导生制{史}monitorialsystem导生学校monitorschool积极教育positiveeducation 应用科学appliedscience矫正院；感化院Houseofcorrection斋舍制{英国公学制度}housesystem归纳法inductivemethod骑士教育chivalriceducation惩罚penalty punishment艺术教育arteducation artisticeducation续学运动back-to-the-schoolmovement辩证法dialectic dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学}idealismad hoc hypothesis 特设性假说naive realism 朴素实在论anomaly 反常negative heuristic 反面启发法auxiliary assumption 辅助假定non-normal science 非常规科学auxiliary hypothesis 辅助假说non-science 非科学basic statement 基本陈述normal science 常规科学behaviourism 行为主义object language 对象语言conceptual framework 概念框架objectivism 客观主义confirm 确证observational statement 观察陈述confirmation 确证operativism 操作主义conjecture 推测panpsychism 泛心论conventionalism 约定论parallelism 平行论conversion 改宗、改变信仰paradigm 规范corroborate 确认corroboration 确认perceptual experience 知觉经验physicalism 物理主义counter-induction 反归纳pluralism 多元论critical rationalism 批判理性主义pluralistic realism 多元实在论critical realism 批判实在论positive heuristic 正面启发法critical thought 批判思维positivism 实证主义crucial experiment 判决性实验potential falsifier 潜在证伪者deduction 演绎、演绎法prescience 前科学degree of corroboration 确认度principle of induction 归纳原理determinism 决定论principle of proliferation 扩散原理dogmatic thought 教条思维principle of tenacity 靭性原理demarcation 分界principle of transference 传递原理disposition 素质、倾向problem of induction 归纳问题downward causation 下向因果性problem shift 问题转换emergence 突现problem situation 问题状况epiphenomenalism 附带现象论proof 证明epistemological anarchy 认识论无政府状态propensity 倾向性epistemology 认识论pseudo-science 类科学、伪科学error-elimination 除错psychologism 心理主义essentialism 本质论radical instrumentalism 激进工具主义explanation 解释rationlism 理性主义fallibilism 易谬主义rationality 理性fallibility 易谬性realism 实在论falsifiability 可证伪性reality 实在falsification 证伪reductionism 还原论falsificationism 证伪主义refutability 可反驳的falsify 证伪refutation 反驳falsity content 虚假性内容research programme 研究纲领first world 第一世界second world 第二世界formal language 形式语言simplicity 简单性gestalt switch 格式塔转换singular statement 单称陈述improbablity 不可几性sophisticated falsificationism 精致的证伪主义irrationalism 非理性主义subjectioism 主观主义guess 猜测tentative theory 试验性理论heuristic 启发法test 检验hypothesis 假说testability 可检验性indeterminism 非决定论theory-laden 渗透理论induction 归纳、归纳法third world 第三世界inductionism 归纳主义thought experiment 思想实验initial condition 初始条件trial and error 试错法instant rationality 即时理性truth content 真理性内容instrumentalism 工具主义universal statement 全称陈述interactionism 相互作用论upward causation 上向因果性irrefutability 不可反驳性verifiability 可证实的justification 证明verification 证实justify 证明verify 证实justificationism 证明主义verisimilitude 逼真性logical positivism 逻辑实证主义world 1 世界1macrologic 宏观逻辑world 2 世界2mentalism 精神主义world 3 世界3metalanguage 元语言metascience 元科学metatheory 元理论micrologic 微观逻辑naive falsificationism 朴素证伪主义naive instrumentalism 朴素工具主义。
有关文学的英语单词
有关文学的英语单词classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗)行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essay 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性比喻figures of speech 对偶Antithesis暗喻(隐喻) Metaphor明喻Simile夸张Hyperbole反语Irony借代Metonymy排比Parallelism拟人Personification拟物Synaesthesia类比Analogy含蓄陈述Understatement委婉Euphemism转喻MetonymySynecdoche (提喻）Antonomasia (换喻）Pun: (双关语）Syllepsis: (一语双叙）Zeugma: (轭式搭配）Innuendo: (暗讽）Sarcasm: (讽刺）Paradox: (似非而是的隽语）Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）Antithesis: (对照）Epigram: (警句）Climax: (渐进）Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）Apostrophe：(顿呼）Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词）Alliteration: (头韵）Onomatopoeia: (拟声）a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 一鸟在手，胜似二鸟在林a blank slate 干净的黑板（新的一页，新的开始）a bone to pick 可挑剔的骨头（争端，不满）a cat nap 打个盹儿a ouch potato 躺椅上的马铃薯（懒鬼）a headache 头痛（麻烦事）a knock out 击倒（美得让人倾倒）a load off my mind 心头大石落地a pain in the neck 脖子疼（苦事）a piece of cake 一块蛋糕（小菜一碟，易事一件）a shot in the dark 盲目射击（瞎猜）a sinking ship 正在下沉的船a slap in the face 脸上挨了一耳光（公然受辱）a social butterfly 社交蝴蝶（善于交际，会应酬的人）a thorn in someone''s side 腰上的荆棘（芒刺在背）a turn coat 反穿皮袄的人（叛徒）a weight off my shoulders 放下肩头重担an ace up my sleeve 袖里的王牌ants in one''s pants 裤裆里有蚂蚁（坐立不安）back in the saddle重上马鞍（重整旗鼓）back on track重上轨道（改过自新）backfire逆火（弄巧成拙，适得其反）ball and chain 铁球铁链，甜蜜的枷（老婆）beat a dead horse 鞭打死马令其奔驰（徒劳）beaten by the ugly stick 被丑杖打过（生得难看）bet your life 把命赌上（绝对错了）better half 我的另一半big headed 大脑袋（傲慢，自大）bigger fish to fry 有更大的鱼要炸（有更重要的事要办）bite the bullet 咬子弹（强忍痛苦）birds of a feather flock together 羽毛相同的鸟总飞成一群（物以类聚）blow up in you face 在眼前爆炸（事情完全弄砸了）break a let 折断一条腿（表演真实，演出成功）break the ice 破冰（打破僵局）brown nose 讨好，谄媚bull in a china shop 瓷器店里的蛮牛（笨拙的人，动辄弄坏东西的人）burst your bubble 扎破泡泡（打破人的幻想，煞风景）bury one''s head in the sand把头埋在沙里（自欺欺人）butterflies in my stomach肚里有只蝴蝶（心里紧张，七上八下）buy the farm买下农场（归道山，死了）cash in my chips兑换筹码（睡觉，就寝）circle the wagons把篷车围成一圈（严阵以待）clean up one''s act自我检点，自我改进come down in sheets整片整片地下（倾盆大雨）cross the line 跨过线（做得太过分了）cross that bridge when we come to it 到了桥头就过桥（船到桥头自然直）cut to the chase 抄捷径去追猎物（不绕圈子，开门见山，单刀直入）daily grind 例行苦事，每天得干的苦工days are numbered 来日无多dead center 正当中dead-end street 死路，死巷子domino effect 骨牌效应down to the wire 最后关头down under 南边（常指面半球的澳洲）downhill from here 从此都是下坡路（自此每况愈下）drop the ball 掉了球（失职）empty nest 空巢（儿女长大离家）get hitched 拴起来（结婚）get off on the wrong foot 起步便错（第一印象不佳）get the ball rolling 让球滚起来（动起手来）goose bumps 鸡皮疙瘩hit the road 上路hold your horses 勒住你的马（慢来）hang somebody out to dry 把……晾起来了（把……坑苦了）in one''s back pocket 在某人裤子后口袋里（是某人的囊中之物）in the dark 在黑暗中（茫然，什么也不知道）in the spotlight 站在聚光灯圈里（出风头）it''s Greek to me 希腊文（天书）joined at the hip 连体婴（死党，从不分开的两个人）jump the gun 枪未响先偷跑（抢先）kick the bucket 踢水桶（翘辫子）kill two birds with one stone一箭双雕，一举两得last straw 最后一根稻草left a bitter taste in one''s mouth 留下满嘴苦味（留下不愉快的回忆）light a fire under your butt 在屁股下点一把火（促其行动）light at the end of the tunnel 隧道末端的光（一线希望）like shooting fish in a barrel 桶里射鱼（瓮中捉鳖）ling winded 长舌，碎嘴Monday morning quarterback 星期一早晨的四分卫（马后炮）my old man 我的老头（我父亲）out of the pan and into the fire 跳出锅里，掉进火里（每况愈下）plenty of other fish in the sea 海里的鱼多得很（天涯何处无芳草）poker face 扑克面孔（喜怒不形于色）pop the question 提出大问题（求婚）pot calling the kettle black 锅嫌壶黑（五十步笑百步）punch your lights out 揍得你两眼发黑put all of one''s eggs in one basket 鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里（孤注一掷）put one''s foot in one''s mouth 把脚丫放进嘴里（说错话了）rob the cradle 劫摇篮（老牛吃嫩草）skate on thin ice 在薄冰上滑冰（如履薄冰，身历险境）skeleton in one''s closet 壁橱里的骷髅（不可告人的事）skin and bones 皮包骨sleep on it 睡在上面（考虑一晚上）small talk 寒喧，闲聊smooth sailing 一帆风顺stab in the back 背后插刀（遭人暗算）stallion 千里驹（貌美体健的男人）stud 种马（貌美体健的男人）swing for the fence 打全垒打take a hike 走路（滚蛋）until you are blue in the face 干到脸发青（也是白干）unwind 放松发条（轻松下来）up for grabs 大家有份up in the air 挂在空中（悬而未决）when hell freezes over 地狱结冰（绝不可能的事）weed out 除去杂草（淘汰）well rounded全能，全才when pigs fly 猪飞的时候（绝不可能）not lift a finger 连手指都不动一动（袖手旁观）wrapped around his/her little finger 化为绕指柔（玩弄于股掌之间put the squeeze on someone对某人施加压力The new situation is putting the squeeze on all companies engaged in this business. · stand up to someone与某人大胆对抗The soldier stood up to the officer and was place in confinement.· thank one's lucky stars感到万幸I should thank your lucky stars that you missed the plane which crashed into the sea.· get off to a flying start来了开门红Our kindergarten got off to a flying start by having 100 children to sign up in the first month.· go steady with someone 与异性稳步发展关系Mary and Tim got married after going steady with each other for two years.· watch one's step当心You're better watch your step when you go out with John. He is a trouble-maker. · a stick-in the-mud老古董He is a stick=in-the-mud and will never invest his money in stock.· be a stickler吹毛皮的人I don't like to go to her home. She is a stickler for neatness.· turn someone's stomach令人作呕Her sweet voice turned my stomach.· fall between two stools鸡飞蛋打Tying to straddle two boats, he took up two jobs with two salaries. At last, unable to do either well.· weather the storm度过难关The wooden house weathered the storm. · harp on the same old string老调重弹He really gets on my nerves. He always harps on the same old string by promising us a paid holiday., but he never keeps it. · give someone the cold shoulder冷待某人I hate going to expensive hotels. The receptionist always gives me the cold shoulder when she sees my plain clothes. · steal the show喧宾夺主Cinderalla stole the show in the Prince's party.· side with someone与某人站在一起，支持某人I'm your friend, but I'm afraid I won't side with you on that issue.· have a memory like a sieve记性太差I think a computer notebook will be of greathelp for me, since I've got a memory likea sieve.· out of clear blue sky意料不到Yesterday, out of a clear blue sky, Mylandlady gave me a one-day notice, askingme to move out.· make a slip of the tongue说走嘴The class burst into laughter when theteacher made a slip of the tongue. He meantto say "Good morning" to students, but hesaid "Good afternoon".· be on the sly办事狡猾The boy was smoking in the corner when hisfather caught him on the sly.· for a song以级低的价钱，廉价地I got the rare edition of the book for a songin the flea market.· sound someone out试探某人的意见Have you sounded the principal out onpostponing the final examination?· call a spade a spade有什么就说什么We are good friends. Call a spade a spade.Don't tell me in a round-about way.· spick and span干干净净The housewife always keeps her kitchenspick and span.· go for a spin出去兜风The city dwellers like going for a spin tothe country on weekends.· spine-chilling令人毛骨悚然He likes horrible films. Thosespine-chilling pictures to us are pleasantto his eyes.· The spirit is willing; but the flesh isweak.心有余而力不足A: How many times have you tried quittingsmoking? B: It's not that the spirit is notwilling, but that the flesh is weak.· put out a feeler to do...试探……的反应The chairman put out a feeler to seepeople's reactions to his election speech.· be dead on one's feet筋疲力尽Our boss regards us his slaves. Everydayafter work.· land on one's feet安全摆脱困境With the loan from the bank, the companylanded on its feet.· stand on one's feet自食其力The Chinese Communist Party decided tostand on their feet during the LiberationCampaign. People in Naniwan were calledupon to develop agriculture.· sit on the fence保持中立Who would you vote for? You bet I won't votefor him. He likes sitting on the fence onimportant issues.· play the field不正经干He is really a playboy, He likes to play thefield and is never serious with any onegirl.· burn one's fingers因管闲事而吃苦头I always tell you to keep away from thescoundrels. Now you are burning yourfingers.· have sticky fingers手不老实。
喜欢看推理小说英语作文
喜欢看推理小说英语作文I love reading detective novels. The thrill of solvinga mystery keeps me hooked from start to finish. The twists and turns in the plot always keep me on the edge of my seat, eagerly trying to piece together the clues and uncover the truth.There's something about the suspense and intrigue in detective novels that captivates me. The author's abilityto create complex characters and intricate storylines is truly impressive. Each page brings a new revelation, making it impossible for me to put the book down.One of the things I enjoy most about detective novelsis the element of surprise. Just when I think I have it all figured out, the author throws a curveball and takes the story in a completely unexpected direction. It's like a mental workout, constantly challenging my deductive skills and forcing me to think outside the box.The descriptive language used in detective novels addsto the overall experience. The vivid imagery allows me to visualize the crime scene and imagine myself in the shoesof the detective. It's like I'm right there, observing the evidence and analyzing the clues alongside the protagonist.Another aspect that I find fascinating is thepsychology behind the crimes. Understanding the motives and thought processes of the characters adds depth to the story. It's intriguing to see how the detective unravels the psychological puzzle and brings the culprit to justice.In addition to the thrilling plot, detective novelsoften delve into social issues and explore the darker sideof human nature. They shed light on topics such as corruption, greed, and the lengths people will go toprotect their secrets. It's a reminder that the world isnot always as it seems and that there is often more to a person or situation than meets the eye.Overall, reading detective novels is not only entertaining but also intellectually stimulating. Itchallenges my analytical thinking and keeps me engaged from beginning to end. The genre's ability to transport me into a world of mystery and suspense is truly captivating.。
小说的英文应该怎么说
小说的英文应该怎么说小说的英文应该怎么说小说的英文：novelfiction参考例句：Postmodern fiction后现代小说Detective story惊险小说A frightening,compulsive novel.一本吸引人的恐怖小说。
a penny dreadful廉价惊险小说Nonfiction Books非小说图书Stories of adventure thrilled him.冒险小说使他激动。
Real life is the stuff(ie subject-matter)of all good novels.现实生活是所有优秀小说的题材。
To write a novel, one must keep pegging away at it consistently要写小说,必须不断地辛勤劳动。
It is really a gripping novel .那真是本吸引人的`小说。
I ache to write a novel.我渴望撰写一本小说。
novel是什么意思：n. 小说adj. 新颖的；与众不同的It is a dense novel.这是一本晦涩难懂的小说。
The scene or setting, as of a novel.场景一部分小说的场面或布景The novel is considered a brilliant performance.这部小说被认为是杰出的佳作。
They roasted his new novel.他们狠狠挖苦他的新小说。
The novel is being arranged for the stage.正在改编小说使适宜于上演。
fiction是什么意思：n.1.小说2.虚构的事；假想之物Truth is stranger than fiction真理比幻想更奇特Truth is stranger than fiction.真理比幻想更奇特。
东野圭吾英文版介绍
Bun shin
《分身》
White Night
《白夜行》
The dedication of suspect X
Fantasy Flowers
《梦幻花》
《嫌疑人x的献身》
His eyes are sharp(锋利的), he can accurately(精准地) see the dark and complex(复杂的) relationship of the society, and he is good at describing complex human nature with his writing, so he is also called "human nature writer"(人性作家). Many of his novels have been adapted into movies.
No matter how unhappy you are now, you have to believe that tomorrow is better than today.
——东野圭吾
THANK
After School at the age of 27.
Subsequently(随后), he quit(辞职) his job
and started a career as a writer in Tokyo.
His famous works
Grief grocery store
《解忧杂货店》
Night.
Higashino Keigo
He was born in February 4,1958.He started writing novels while still working as an engineer at a company.He won the Edogawa Rampo Prize(江户川乱步奖). This prize is the highest honor in Japanese mystery novels , in 1985 for the novel
小说种类中英对照
小说种类中英对照第一篇：小说种类中英对照Adventure novel 历险小说Alternate history novel 架空历史小说（即描写“并非真实发生的虚构历史”）Anti-war novel 反战小说 Autobiographical novel 自传Bildungsroman成长小说；教育小说（详细描写主人公成长过程的）Biographical novel 传记 Campus novel 校园小说Chick lit novel 鸡仔文学；小妞文学（指由女性撰写并且主要面向二、三十岁的单身职场女性的文学作品）Comedy novel 喜剧小说 Crime novel 犯罪小说Cyberpunk novel 赛博朋克小说（科幻小说的分支）Detective novel 侦探小说Epic novel 史诗小说Epistolary novel 书信体小说Erotic novel 艳情小说Existentialist novel 存在主义小说 Family saga novel 家世小说Fan fiction 同人小说（以电视剧、动漫、游戏为基础而二次创作的作品）Fantasy novel 玄幻小说；奇幻小说（和科幻小说有很大区别，很多都是天马行空的想象）Feminist novel 女性小说 Ghost novel 灵异小说 Gothic novel 哥特式小说Graphic novel 图像小说；绘图小说 Historical novel 历史小说Horror novel=Shocker=Thriller 恐怖小说Light novel 轻小说（通常使用漫画风格作为插画的一种娱乐性文学作品）Magic realism novel 魔幻现实主义小说 Modernist novel 现代主义小说Mystery novel 悬疑小说；推理小说Non-fiction novel Paranormal novel Parody novel Philosophical novel Picaresque novel 流浪汉小说（诞生于十六世纪中后期的西班牙的一种叙事文体，它通常采用第一人称叙述方式，由一个下层主角的浪游串联一系列故事而成，是现代意义上的“小说”(novel)的最早叙事作品。
文学专业英语词汇
Literature 文学Classical literture 古典文学Contemporary literature 现代文学Popular literature 大众文学Light literature 通俗文学Folklore 民间文学Saga (river) novel 长篇小说Short novel, long short story 中篇小说Short story 短篇小说Love story 爱情小说Detective story 侦探小说Mystery story 怪诞小说Whodunit 推理小说Humorous story 幽默小说Historical novel 历史小说Essay 随笔Book of travels 游记Reportage 报告文学Criticism 评论Best seller 畅销书Anthology 选集The complete works(of) 全集Edition, printing 版Masterpiece 杰作Copyright 版权, 著作权Deluxe binding 精装Flat stitching 平装Smyth sewed 线装Humanities 人文学科Writer 作家Book 书V olume 卷Theatre 戏剧(美作theater)Drama 话剧Comedy 喜剧Tragedy 悲剧Farce 滑稽剧Play 剧本The three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) Playwright 编剧Act 幕Scene 场Plot 情节Intrigue 错综复杂的剧情Story 故事Episode 逸事Ending, denouement 结局Poetry 诗歌Poet 诗人Poem 诗Epic poetry 史诗Epopee 叙事诗Ode 颂歌Sonnet 十四行诗Verse, stanza (诗)节Line (诗)行Rhyme 韵脚,押韵Metrics 韵律学,格律学Prose 散文Novel 小说Biography 自传Allegory 寓言Science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说Satire 讽刺诗Essay 杂文Composition 学术著作Rhetoric 修辞学Oratory 讲演术Declamation 朗诵技巧Improvisation 即席讲演Criticism 批判主义Critic 批评家Wit 才智,创作才能Eloquence 文才Lyricism 抒情性。
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推理小说用英语怎么说
推理小说是以推理方式解开故事谜题的一种小说，通常故事都含有凶杀案与侦探，亦有部分并非以凶杀为主要剧情走向，诸如找寻失物或解开奇异事件的谜底等。
那么你知道推理小说用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
推理小说的英语说法1：
whodunit
推理小说的英语说法2：
mystery novel
推理小说的相关短语：
反推理小说anti-mystery ;
侦探推理小说detective of fiction ; detective reasoning stories ; detective stories
惊悚推理小说Mary, Mary by James Patterson
推理小说作家A writer of mysteries
推理小说的英语例句：
1. Now she s written a novel which is not a mystery and is a considerable departure from her previous work.
她现在创作了一部非推理小说，与她以前的作品大相径庭。
2. Sherlock Holmes immediately became popular, especially among those who enjoyed mysteries.
夏洛克福尔摩斯立即流行起来, 尤其是受到那些喜欢推理小说的人们的喜爱.
3. That same year, the novel also received awards Bengue
detective novels.
同年, 该小说还获得本格推理小说大奖.
4. He was wont to read a mystery in bed.
他习惯躺在床上读推理小说.
5. I always like the series quot ; Whodunit quot ; by Wei Sili.
我一直很喜欢卫斯理系列的推理小说.
6. He read the mystery at one sitting.
他一口气读完了那本推理小说.
7. Tara enjoys the suspense in mystery novels.
塔拉喜欢推理小说里的悬念.
8. Reading habits: literary classics or mystery novels?
阅读习惯: 文学名著还是推理小说?
9. He occupied himself writing a mystery story.
他埋首于推理小说的写作.
10. The author wrote horror instead of mystery novels.
这位作者写的是恐怖小说而非推理小说.
11. Do you sell murder mysteries?
你们卖谋杀推理小说吗?
12. Because of their genteel, civilized settings and characters, these stories are also known as cosies
由于这类小说的上层社会、文明的背景和角色, 它们也被称为舒适推理小说
13. In turn, take a look at China s mystery how is going on here?
反过来看看中国的推理小说,又是怎么一回事?
14. Bashiok: Hey , are you kind of kid who reads the last page of a mystery first?
嘿, 你是那种先读推理小说最后一页的小孩吗?
15. He did not predict the future in his copious science fiction, he insisted. He simply extrapolated.
他坚持认为,在其等身的科幻小说里, 他不是在预测未来,而仅仅是在推理.。