河南科技大学毕业设计(外文资料翻译2)
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河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
whee ls is aut o mat ica l l y co nt ro lled in t he se nse o f an o pt im ized t o r qu e d ist r ibut io n. I n a fro nt - whee l dr ive ve hic le t he visco us co up ling can be in st a lled ins ide t he d iffer e nt ia l or ext er na l l y o n a n int er med iat e sha ft . T he ext er na l so lut io n is s ho wn in F igur e 2. T his la yo ut ha s so me s ig nif ic ant adva nt ages o ver t he int er na l so lu t io n. F ir st , t her e is usua ll y e no ugh space ava i la ble in t he ar ea o f t he int er med iat e s ha ft t o pro vide t he r equ ir ed visco us char act er ist ic. T h is is in co nt r ast t o t he lim it ed spa ce le ft in t oda y ’ s fr o nt - a x le d iffer e nt ia ls. Furt her, o nl y m in i ma l m od ific at io n t o t he d iffer ent ia l car r ier and t r ans mis s io n case is r equ ir ed. I n- ho use pro duct io n o f d iffer e nt ia ls is t hus o nly s l ig ht ly a ffect ed. I nt ro duct io n as a n o pt io n can be mad e eas i ly e spec ia l l y w he n t he sha ft and t he visco us unit ar e su p p lied as a co mp let e unit . F ina l l y, t he int er med iat e sha ft makes it po ss ible t o pro vide fo r s ide s ha ft s o f equa l le ngt h w it h t r ans ver se l y in st a lled e ng ines w hic h ar e i mport ant t o r educe t or que st eer ( sho wn lat er in sect io n 4). T his spec ia l de s ig n a lso g ives a goo d po ss ibi l it y fo r s ig ni f ica nt we ig ht and co st r educt io ns o f t he visc ous unit . G KN Visco dr ive is d eve lo p ing a lo w we ig ht and co st visco us co up ling. B y us ing o nl y t wo st and ar d ized o ut er d ia met er s, st andar d ized p lat es, p la st ic hu bs and ext r uded mat er ia l fo r t he ho us ing whic h can eas i ly be cut t o d iffer e nt le ng t hs, it is po ss ible t o ut il ize a w ide r ange o f visco us c har act er ist ic s. An e xa mp le o f t his de ve lo p me nt is s ho wn in F igur e 3.
3 TRACTION EFFECTS
As a t or que ba la nc ing device, a n o pen d i ffer e nt ia l pr o vides equ a l t r act at e e ffo rt t o bot h dr iving w hee ls. It a llo ws e ac h w hee l t o rot at e at d iffer e nt speeds dur ing cor ner ing w it ho ut t or s io n w ind- up. T he se char act er ist ics, ho wever, can be d is adva nt ageo us whe n ad he s io n var iat io ns bet ween t he le ft a nd r ig ht s id e s o f t he ro ad sur fac e ( sp l it - μ ) l i mit s t he t or que t r ans mit t ed fo r bot h whee ls t o t hat whic h can b e su p po rt ed by t he lo w- μ w hee l. Wit h a visco us li mit ed - s l ip d iffer e nt ia l, it is po ss ible t o ut il ize t he
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
h ig her adhes io n pot ent ia l o f t he whe e l o n t he hig h- μ sur face. T his is sc he mat ica ll y s ho wn in F igur e 4. Whe n fo r exa mp le, t he ma xi mu m t r ans mit t able t o r que fo r o ne whee l is exceeded o n a sp lit - μ sur fa ce or dur ing cor ner ing w it h hig h lat er a l acce ler at io n, a speed d iffer ence bet ween t he t wo dr iving w hee ls o ccu r s. T he r esu lt ing se lf- lo ck ing t o r que in t he visco us co up ling r es ist s an y furt her incr ease in speed differ e nce and t r ans m it s t he appro pr iat e t o rq ue t o t he w hee l w it h t he bet t er t r act io n pot ent ia l. It can be see n in F igur e 4 t hat t he d iffer ence in t he t r act at e fo r ces r esu lt s in a yaw ing mo me nt whic h t r ie s t o t ur n t he ve hic le in t o t he lo wμ s ide, To keep t he ve hic le in a st r a ig ht line t he dr iver ha s t o co mpe ns at e t his w it h o ppo s it e st eer ing i nput . T ho ugh t he f lu id- fr ict io n p r in c ip le o f t he visco us co up ling a nd t he r esu lt ing so ft t r ans it io n fr o m o p en t o lo ck ing act io n, t his is eas i l y po ss ib le, t he appro pr iat e r esu lt s o bt a ined fr o m ve hic le t est s ar e sho wn in F igur e 5. Repo rt ed ar e t he a ver age st eer ing- w hee l t orque Ts and t he aver age co rr ect ive o ppo s it e st eer ing input r equ ir e d t o ma int a in a st r a ig ht co ur se d u r ing acce ler at io n o n a sp lit - μ t r ack w it h an o pen and a visco u s d iffer e nt ia l. T he d iffer e nce s bet ween t he va lues w it h t he o pen d iffer e nt ia l a nd t ho se w it h t he visco us coup ling ar e r e lat ive l y large in co mp ar iso n t o eac h ot her. Ho wever, t he y ar e s ma l l in a bso lut e t er ms. S u b ject ive ly, t he st eer ing inf lue nce is near ly u nnot icea ble. T he t or qu e st eer is a lso inf lu e nced by se ver a l k ine m at ics par a met er s whic h w i ll be exp la ined in t he ne xt sect io n o f t his pap er.
2 THE VISCOUS COUPLING
T he visco us co up ling is a we ll k no wn co mpo ne nt in dr ive t r a ins. I n t h is paper o nl y a s ho rt su mmar y o f it s ba s ic fu nct io n a nd pr inc ip le sha ll be g iven. T he visco us co up ling o per at es accor d ing t o t he pr inc ip le o f flu id fr ict io n, a nd is t hus depe nd e nt o n speed d iffer e nce. As sho wn in F igur e 1 t he visco us co upling has s l ip co nt ro ll ing propert ies in co nt r ast t o t o rq ue sens ing s yst e ms. T his mea ns t hat t he dr ive t o r que whic h i s t r ans m it t ed t o t he fr o nt
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
外文资料原文:
1 ABCTRACT
T he visco us co up ling is kno wn ma in l y a s a dr ive l ine co mpo ne nt in fo ur whee l dr ive ve hic les. Deve lo p m ent s in r ecent year s, ho wever, po int t o war d t he pr o ba bil it y t hat t his de vice w i ll beco me a ma jo r pla yer in ma inst r ea m fr o nt - whee l dr ive app licat io n. P ro duct io n app licat io n in Eu ro pean a nd Japa nese fr o nt - whee l dr iv e car s ha ve de mo nst r at ed t hat v isco us co up lings pro vide subst ant ia l impro ve me nt s not o nl y i n t r act io n o n s lipper y sur face s but a lso in ha nd ing and st abi l it y e ve n u nd er no r ma l dr iving co nd it io ns. T his paper pr esent s a ser io us o f pro ving ground t est s whic h in v est igat e t he e ffect s o f a visco us co up ling in a fr o nt - whee l dr ive ve h ic le o n t r act io n and ha nd ing. Tes t ing de mo nst r at es subst ant ia l t r act io n i mpro ve me nt s whi le o nl y s l ig ht l y in f lue nc ing st eer ing t o r qu e. Fact o r s affect ing t his st eer ing t or que in fr o nt - whee l dr ive ve hic les d u r ing st r a ig ht line dr iving ar e des cr ibed. Ke y ve hic le des ig n p ar a met er s ar e ide nt if ied w hic h gr eat ly inf lue nce t he co mp at ibi l it y o f l i mit ed- s l ip d iffer e nt ia ls in fr o nt - whee l dr ive ve hic le s. Co r ner ing t est s s ho w t he inf lue nce o f t he visco us co up ling o n t he se lf st eer ing be ha vio r o f a fr o nt - w hee l dr ive ve hic le. Fur t her t est ing d e mo nst r at es t hat a ve hic le w it h a vi scous l im it ed- s l ip d iffer e nt ia l ex h ib it s an impr o ved st abi l it y u nder acce ler at io n and t hr ot t le-o ff ma neu ver s dur ing cor ner ing.
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
whee ls is aut o mat ica l l y co nt ro lled in t he se nse o f an o pt im ized t o r qu e d ist r ibut io n. I n a fro nt - whee l dr ive ve hic le t he visco us co up ling can be in st a lled ins ide t he d iffer e nt ia l or ext er na l l y o n a n int er med iat e sha ft . T he ext er na l so lut io n is s ho wn in F igur e 2. T his la yo ut ha s so me s ig nif ic ant adva nt ages o ver t he int er na l so lu t io n. F ir st , t her e is usua ll y e no ugh space ava i la ble in t he ar ea o f t he int er med iat e s ha ft t o pro vide t he r equ ir ed visco us char act er ist ic. T h is is in co nt r ast t o t he lim it ed spa ce le ft in t oda y ’ s fr o nt - a x le d iffer e nt ia ls. Furt her, o nl y m in i ma l m od ific at io n t o t he d iffer ent ia l car r ier and t r ans mis s io n case is r equ ir ed. I n- ho use pro duct io n o f d iffer e nt ia ls is t hus o nly s l ig ht ly a ffect ed. I nt ro duct io n as a n o pt io n can be mad e eas i ly e spec ia l l y w he n t he sha ft and t he visco us unit ar e su p p lied as a co mp let e unit . F ina l l y, t he int er med iat e sha ft makes it po ss ible t o pro vide fo r s ide s ha ft s o f equa l le ngt h w it h t r ans ver se l y in st a lled e ng ines w hic h ar e i mport ant t o r educe t or que st eer ( sho wn lat er in sect io n 4). T his spec ia l de s ig n a lso g ives a goo d po ss ibi l it y fo r s ig ni f ica nt we ig ht and co st r educt io ns o f t he visc ous unit . G KN Visco dr ive is d eve lo p ing a lo w we ig ht and co st visco us co up ling. B y us ing o nl y t wo st and ar d ized o ut er d ia met er s, st andar d ized p lat es, p la st ic hu bs and ext r uded mat er ia l fo r t he ho us ing whic h can eas i ly be cut t o d iffer e nt le ng t hs, it is po ss ible t o ut il ize a w ide r ange o f visco us c har act er ist ic s. An e xa mp le o f t his de ve lo p me nt is s ho wn in F igur e 3.
3 TRACTION EFFECTS
As a t or que ba la nc ing device, a n o pen d i ffer e nt ia l pr o vides equ a l t r act at e e ffo rt t o bot h dr iving w hee ls. It a llo ws e ac h w hee l t o rot at e at d iffer e nt speeds dur ing cor ner ing w it ho ut t or s io n w ind- up. T he se char act er ist ics, ho wever, can be d is adva nt ageo us whe n ad he s io n var iat io ns bet ween t he le ft a nd r ig ht s id e s o f t he ro ad sur fac e ( sp l it - μ ) l i mit s t he t or que t r ans mit t ed fo r bot h whee ls t o t hat whic h can b e su p po rt ed by t he lo w- μ w hee l. Wit h a visco us li mit ed - s l ip d iffer e nt ia l, it is po ss ible t o ut il ize t he
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
h ig her adhes io n pot ent ia l o f t he whe e l o n t he hig h- μ sur face. T his is sc he mat ica ll y s ho wn in F igur e 4. Whe n fo r exa mp le, t he ma xi mu m t r ans mit t able t o r que fo r o ne whee l is exceeded o n a sp lit - μ sur fa ce or dur ing cor ner ing w it h hig h lat er a l acce ler at io n, a speed d iffer ence bet ween t he t wo dr iving w hee ls o ccu r s. T he r esu lt ing se lf- lo ck ing t o r que in t he visco us co up ling r es ist s an y furt her incr ease in speed differ e nce and t r ans m it s t he appro pr iat e t o rq ue t o t he w hee l w it h t he bet t er t r act io n pot ent ia l. It can be see n in F igur e 4 t hat t he d iffer ence in t he t r act at e fo r ces r esu lt s in a yaw ing mo me nt whic h t r ie s t o t ur n t he ve hic le in t o t he lo wμ s ide, To keep t he ve hic le in a st r a ig ht line t he dr iver ha s t o co mpe ns at e t his w it h o ppo s it e st eer ing i nput . T ho ugh t he f lu id- fr ict io n p r in c ip le o f t he visco us co up ling a nd t he r esu lt ing so ft t r ans it io n fr o m o p en t o lo ck ing act io n, t his is eas i l y po ss ib le, t he appro pr iat e r esu lt s o bt a ined fr o m ve hic le t est s ar e sho wn in F igur e 5. Repo rt ed ar e t he a ver age st eer ing- w hee l t orque Ts and t he aver age co rr ect ive o ppo s it e st eer ing input r equ ir e d t o ma int a in a st r a ig ht co ur se d u r ing acce ler at io n o n a sp lit - μ t r ack w it h an o pen and a visco u s d iffer e nt ia l. T he d iffer e nce s bet ween t he va lues w it h t he o pen d iffer e nt ia l a nd t ho se w it h t he visco us coup ling ar e r e lat ive l y large in co mp ar iso n t o eac h ot her. Ho wever, t he y ar e s ma l l in a bso lut e t er ms. S u b ject ive ly, t he st eer ing inf lue nce is near ly u nnot icea ble. T he t or qu e st eer is a lso inf lu e nced by se ver a l k ine m at ics par a met er s whic h w i ll be exp la ined in t he ne xt sect io n o f t his pap er.
2 THE VISCOUS COUPLING
T he visco us co up ling is a we ll k no wn co mpo ne nt in dr ive t r a ins. I n t h is paper o nl y a s ho rt su mmar y o f it s ba s ic fu nct io n a nd pr inc ip le sha ll be g iven. T he visco us co up ling o per at es accor d ing t o t he pr inc ip le o f flu id fr ict io n, a nd is t hus depe nd e nt o n speed d iffer e nce. As sho wn in F igur e 1 t he visco us co upling has s l ip co nt ro ll ing propert ies in co nt r ast t o t o rq ue sens ing s yst e ms. T his mea ns t hat t he dr ive t o r que whic h i s t r ans m it t ed t o t he fr o nt
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
外文资料原文:
1 ABCTRACT
T he visco us co up ling is kno wn ma in l y a s a dr ive l ine co mpo ne nt in fo ur whee l dr ive ve hic les. Deve lo p m ent s in r ecent year s, ho wever, po int t o war d t he pr o ba bil it y t hat t his de vice w i ll beco me a ma jo r pla yer in ma inst r ea m fr o nt - whee l dr ive app licat io n. P ro duct io n app licat io n in Eu ro pean a nd Japa nese fr o nt - whee l dr iv e car s ha ve de mo nst r at ed t hat v isco us co up lings pro vide subst ant ia l impro ve me nt s not o nl y i n t r act io n o n s lipper y sur face s but a lso in ha nd ing and st abi l it y e ve n u nd er no r ma l dr iving co nd it io ns. T his paper pr esent s a ser io us o f pro ving ground t est s whic h in v est igat e t he e ffect s o f a visco us co up ling in a fr o nt - whee l dr ive ve h ic le o n t r act io n and ha nd ing. Tes t ing de mo nst r at es subst ant ia l t r act io n i mpro ve me nt s whi le o nl y s l ig ht l y in f lue nc ing st eer ing t o r qu e. Fact o r s affect ing t his st eer ing t or que in fr o nt - whee l dr ive ve hic les d u r ing st r a ig ht line dr iving ar e des cr ibed. Ke y ve hic le des ig n p ar a met er s ar e ide nt if ied w hic h gr eat ly inf lue nce t he co mp at ibi l it y o f l i mit ed- s l ip d iffer e nt ia ls in fr o nt - whee l dr ive ve hic le s. Co r ner ing t est s s ho w t he inf lue nce o f t he visco us co up ling o n t he se lf st eer ing be ha vio r o f a fr o nt - w hee l dr ive ve hic le. Fur t her t est ing d e mo nst r at es t hat a ve hic le w it h a vi scous l im it ed- s l ip d iffer e nt ia l ex h ib it s an impr o ved st abi l it y u nder acce ler at io n and t hr ot t le-o ff ma neu ver s dur ing cor ner ing.