托福讲义学生版
托福综合写作讲义
断言声称：allegation/ claim/ assertion
B. 语言
提示观点，递进： in addition/ furthermore in the same manner another reason is... that brings us to... what I want to talk about is that...
B. 语言
研究调查：(further/ closer/ other) studies/ researches
TOEFL iBT
Integrated Writing
By Joe
考什么
• 1. note taking • 2. summarizing • 3. paraphrasing
Reading & Lecture
1. 驳斥
1.1 L完全反对R中的结论、观点； 1. 2 L指出R中未提及的缺陷、不利之处等； 2. 延续 2.1 L支持R结论、观点； 2. 2 L解释R中的原因、结果等；
B. 语言
驳斥、反对 •refute, disagree with, cast doubt on, challenge, oppose, conflict with, deny the statement of, contradict, differ from, in contrast
B. 语言
Reading 读什么
托福强化听力讲义 一
Practice one: TPO 21 conversation 2!
Script:! Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and her public relations
!professor.!
Student Hi, professor Gordin. I really learned a lot from your lecture, the one about analyzing all those different segments of the population. Oh, the official term is audience, right? I never imagine that one company could have over
!thirty audiences to communicate with. !
Professor Yeah, a lot of students are taken aback by this, and some public relations consultants don’t figure it out until they’ve worked in the field a while. ! Student Everyone thinks, public relations, eh, PR is easy, but there’s a lot to
I can offer a different perspective than someone who only teaches ...!
生生词栏：
!
Practice Two: TPO 14 conversation 2!
托福口语讲义大全
托福口语讲义大全为了帮助广大考生备考托福口语，现在小编给大家准备了一些托福口语讲义，希望对你们有帮助。
托福口语讲义11、托福口语task1答题技巧task1最常考的就是偏好题，通过智课老师的仔细研究，这类题型常出现的话题是人物话题、地点话题、事件话题或者是物品话题。
针对这类题型，同学们可以针对一个话题不断的神话，而且完全可以一个例子通用到各类话题中。
如果在文章的开头进行表述，最好是将主体分为三部分来阐述，开题无需技巧，简单读题即可，把you 都改成me，比起I think……开头可以省去相对多的思维时间。
内容一般找三个理由，为避免理由重复或累赘，建议就方便、经济、减压等常用理由进行练习，并结合不断问自己How 及Why 等问题来充实内容，完成example 的部分。
最后用连词进行连接，这里有个技巧，就使用first, also, finally，因为三到六题综合题中这三个词常成为提示词出现，在前两题中使用可对其有一定敏感度。
2、托福口语task2答题技巧结合第一题，第二题内容分布完全相同，并且这两题对时间把握尤其重要，要求考生进行“掐表”练习，对45s 有感性认识，当一定练习后，口语部分的考试不再是考内容的，而是考时间的，因此在考试过程中掐时间角度有很多技巧可言，比如：当阐述内容结束时时间为38s 或39s，则在最后可加句detail 或一句类似The person like me has no choice but to do sth.的长废话;当结束时时间为41s 或42s，则在最后可加一句短废话，如I find it’s cool.3、托福口语task3答题技巧最讨厌的是41s 说完这句短废话后变成42s，离perfect time 还是有3 秒钟，那么可以用一些装口吃或吞口水的考场技巧将时间掐到44s 或45s。
(实践证明装口吃或吞口水不扣分)最后是三到六题的综合题部分。
综合题由于会有听力和阅读，因此要求考生对信号词定位有所敏感，口语中涉及的技巧是即使不理解听力内容，结合简单的信号词如first, also, finally, but, yet, for the following reasons 等定位中心内容，遇到生疏单词、句子，记下读音，再完整地还给考官，一样得分。
托福口语基础开课讲义-学生版
关于托福考试TOEFL iBT (internet-based testing)1.在网上进行2.考试期间允许做笔记，不过考试结束后笔记将被收走并销毁。
3.口语考试时，考试佩戴有麦克风的耳机作答，回答内容以数字形式录音，通过美国教育考试服务中心在线评分网络（ETS’s online Scoring Network）传输。
4.写作考试时，考生需在键盘上输入回答内容，答案通过美国教育考试服务中心在线评分传输5.口语考试与写作考试由美国教育考试服务中心指定的阅卷者直接打分题型题量考试时间分值Reading 3-5篇文章/每篇文章12-14道题60-100分钟30分60-90分钟30分Listening 4-6篇课堂讲义、每篇讲义6道题2-3段对话/每段对话道题Break 10分钟20分钟30分Speaking 独立任务2道题综合任务4道题30分钟30分Writing 综合任务1道题独立任务一道题三、口试(Speaking)：把TSE(Test of Spoken English)融合在新托福中。
然而与现行的TSE相比又有较大改动。
这个部分共有6题，持续约20分钟。
第一、二题要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点。
第三、四题要求考生首先在45秒内阅读一段短文，随后短文隐去，播放一段与短文有关的对话或课堂演讲。
最后，要求考生根据先前阅读的短文和播放的对话或课堂演讲回答相关问题，考生有30秒钟的准备时间，然后进行60秒钟的回答。
例如，短文中描述了对学校体育馆进行扩建的两种方案，对话中一位同学阐述了自己的立场，即赞成哪种方案，反对哪种方案，并列举了若干理由。
要求考生叙述对话中同学的立场并解释他/她列举了哪些理由支持这一观点。
第五、六题要求考生听一段校园情景对话或课堂演讲，然后回答相关问题。
考生有20秒钟的准备时间，之后进行60秒钟的回答。
例如，先播放一段市场学课堂演讲，演讲中教授列举了两种市场调查的方法，然后要求考生使用课堂演讲中的观点和例子描述教授列举出的两种市场调查的方法。
托福写作讲义_暑假班
托福写作讲义_暑假班新托福写作讲义,4,作文的连贯与衔接“启”,首先,first, firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, to start with, in the beginning,at first,一方面,on the one hand (…on the other hand) For one thing…, for another…一般说来,generally speaking, in general现在,目前,at present, now, currently最近,recently“承”第二/第三,second, secondly / third, thirdly此外,besides, in addition, furthermore, what’s more, moreover, in addition to, moreover 而且,also, too例如,for example, for instance, as an example, as another example 即,也就是说,namely, in other words, (In other words, she must give up singing.换言之, 她必须放弃唱歌。
) that is to say, it means that, that is,同样地,in the same way, similarly,用于句首,= likewise后来,from now on, later on, after a few days, after a while, then, 与此同时,meanwhile,此时,by this time1新托福写作讲义不久,soon因此,as a result, consequently, so同样重要,equally important“转”虽然,though, as, although,尽管,nevertheless,后面跟句子,, despite, in spite of ,后面加名词或代词,但是,but, yet,however即使,even though/even if ,后面加从句,相反,on the contrary, conversely ,相反地,颠倒地,, rather than, instead of…另一方面,on the other hand不幸地,unfortunately仍然,still与…不同,unlike“合”因此,hence,as a result, so, for this reason, as a result of总之,in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, briefly最终,eventually, at last,如我所说,as I have said, as has been said于是,accordinglye.g. He was told to speak briefly; accordingly he cut short his remarks.2新托福写作讲义人家叫他说话简短, 于是他就长话短说了。
托福口语讲义
3
Sample answer: TST
T: Topic sentence (one sentence) S: Supporting ideas (personal
experience, examples, figures, reasons) T: Transition (first, second, also, finally,
It could help me learn a lot about how to cooperate and coordinate with other teammates/ my favorite writers and those newly-published interesting novels from all over the world.
make really delicious food. Every time I go there, I couldn’t help but eat a lot until I find myself too full. Another great thing about this restaurant is that they provide us a very cozy environment and usually play very nice music, so when I have my meal while enjoying the music, I feel really relaxed. I guess that’s why I love going there so often.
托福讲义-1FirstSection
2. 判卷人是美国人，不能写中国式英语
对不起,我把课本忘在家里了. [误] Sorry, I forgot my textbook at home. [正] Sorry, I left my textbook at home.
3.文章结构非常非常重要
文章结构最重要！
一般是五段三点式写作，
7. Writing knowledge
There
are many skills in English writing especially for different purposes.
Starting
with the format Structure Coherence & cohesion Vocabulary and sentence variety
5. Grammar
Grammar
is the steel and glue in a concrete building of English language. Systematic learning is the best way. Learning by reading authentic articles.
8. Read and imitate good ones
In
learning a language, there are a huge proportion for imitating the authentic use of that language.
articles will provide you massive information ranging from vocabulary to structures to ideas and practical knowledge.
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义Attending the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course is an exciting opportunity for students to enhance their English language skills and prepare for the TOEFL exam. The course materials are carefully designed to help students improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing abilities in English, which are essential for success inthe TOEFL exam. The instructors are experienced and dedicated to helping students achieve their goals,providing personalized attention and support throughout the course.One of the key benefits of the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course is the focus on all four language skills. This comprehensive approach ensures that students are well-prepared for the TOEFL exam, which assesses proficiency in all areas of English. By practicing listening, speaking, reading, and writing in a structured and supportive environment, students can build confidence and fluency in English, which is crucial for success in the exam.The course materials are specifically tailored to the needs of students preparing for the TOEFL exam. The instructors use a variety of resources, including textbooks, online exercises, and practice tests, to ensure that students are familiar with the format and content of the exam. This targeted approach allows students to focus onthe specific skills and strategies needed to excel in the TOEFL, giving them a competitive edge on exam day.In addition to the academic content, the ZhezhouEnglish Little TOEFL Crash Course also provides valuabletest-taking strategies and tips. These include time management techniques, how to approach different question types, and how to maximize scores in each section of the exam. By learning these strategies, students can feel more prepared and confident when taking the TOEFL, ultimately leading to better performance on the exam.Furthermore, the small class size of the ZhezhouEnglish Little TOEFL Crash Course allows for individualized attention and support. The instructors are able to providepersonalized feedback and guidance to each student, addressing their specific strengths and weaknesses in English. This tailored approach can help students make significant improvements in a short amount of time, leading to better results on the TOEFL exam.Finally, the supportive and motivating learning environment at the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course is conducive to student success. The instructors are passionate about helping students achieve their goals, and their enthusiasm is contagious. Students are encouraged to push themselves and take risks in their language learning, leading to greater confidence and proficiency in English. This positive atmosphere can make a significant difference in students' performance on the TOEFL exam.In conclusion, the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course offers a comprehensive and targeted approach to preparing for the TOEFL exam. With a focus on all four language skills, personalized attention, test-taking strategies, and a supportive learning environment, students can feel confident and well-prepared to excel on the exam.This course is an excellent choice for students looking to improve their English language abilities and achieve their desired scores on the TOEFL.。
考满分托福点题班口语讲义(针对15年10月10、11日考试)
考满分托福点题班口语讲义针对2015年10月10、11日考试主讲：王子睿注意：此讲义中的预测范围为初始范围，随着考试日期的临近，可能还会有补充范围放出，请同学们届时按照课上所讲方法进行准备。
有问题请点题班专属qq 群里提问。
获取新范围，请关注微信公众号“王子睿老师”托福口语考什么This section measures your ability to use speaking to communicate an academic environment. (From Official Guide)Communication = Information + OrganizationYour response will be scored in three aspects:1.Topic developmentTask 1 & 2 _________________________________________________ Task 3 _____________________________________________________ Task 4 _____________________________________________________ Task 5 _____________________________________________________ Task 6 _____________________________________________________rmation deliveryPronunciation _______________________________________________ Intonation __________________________________________________ Pace _______________________________________________________nguage use:V ocabulary _________________________________________________ Sentence structure ____________________________________________First Priority: Topic which are very likely to be tested题型1：二选一Some universities require students to take foreign language classes. Others require students to take the computer class. Which do you think is better and why? Please include reasons and examples in your explanation.Would you prefer to have a roommate from your own country or a roommate from other countries? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some universities expect students to decide their majors in their freshman year, while other universities let students make decisions in their sophomore or junior year. Which do you think is better and why?When choosing a place of live near campus, some people prefer to share a house with several others, while others prefer to rent an apartment to live alone. Which do you prefer? Explain why.Some people prefer to study on their own whereas others prefer to attend lectures. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples to support you reasons.Some people prefer to listen to audio books whereas others prefer to read printed books. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support you choice.Some people prefer to buy new books while others prefer to buy used ones. Which do you prefer? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.Some people prefer to live in spacious and new places far from their workplace or school whereas others prefer to live in small and old places near their workplace or school. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support you answer.Some people prefer to have their broken furniture or household appliances fixed by professionals while others prefer to fix then by themselves. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons.A friend of yours always gets up late in the morning and misses his morning classes. The professor has told him that this behavior will affect his grade. What advice would you give him and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your friend has to work a lot. Please suggest a hobby to him to help him spend his weekend in a more delightful way. Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.What suggestions do you have for people if they want to do something for eliminating air pollution?What food do you think the university cafeteria should add to its menu in order to attract more people? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High-tech devices today make people more distant from one another than before? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Zoos are more beneficial than harmful to animals? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Would you prefer to have a roommate from your own country or a roommate from other countries? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Employees should be prohibited to listen to music at work? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree with the following statement? It is important to live close to one’s family. Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree with the following statement? If students do not agree with their instructors, they should not hide their feelings. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Social networking websites are good for us. Please us specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the statement? The university should require all students to own a laptop? Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Some countries now take measures to attract a large amount of foreign tourists. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of attracting a large amount of foreign tourists. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Describe the way your country improve the education system. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Which member in your family shares similar traits and behavior with you and why? Please use examples and reasons to support you explanation.What are the benefits of talking to older family members such as your uncles, aunts, or grandparents? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.Describe a member in your family whose personality is different. Please include specific examples and details in your explanationWhich of the following would you like to learn? Explain why.1.Playing the piano2.Swimming3.Repairing a carYour school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best way for your school to spend this money？1.Improving student life2.Sports facilities3.Research technologyWhich of the following professions should be pain a higher salary?1. Nurse2. Police officer3. TeacherMany students join clubs in college. Which one of the following are you interested in?1. Science club2. Hiking club3. Charity clubIf you are recruited as a volunteer to help the community protect the environment, which of the following would you choose to do?1. Cleaning up trash and litter on the street2. Planting trees and flowers in town3. Teaching children to protect the environmentWhere would you choose to live？Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.1.Close to where your workplace or school2.Close to your family3.Close to public transits and whyWhich of the following occupations do you consider the most important for the city?1. A policeman2. A public transportation worker3. A architectureSecond Wave: Topic which are also likely to be tested题型1：二选一Some people prefer to work on their paper assignments the day before the due date. Others prefer to work on the paper bit by bit. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people prefer to live in different places throughout their lives. Others prefer to stay and live in one place. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your responseIn order to be successful, some people prefer to make risky decisions. Others prefer safe decisions. Which do you prefer and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Some people prefer to give practical gifts while others prefer to give entertaining gifts. Which do you prefer to give and why? Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.If you have free time, will you prefer to spend alone or with friends, and why?Some people prefer to study for their exam in the morning. Others prefer to study for it in the evening before. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people prefer to have a very tight schedule while others prefer to have more free time in their schedules. Which one do you prefer and why?Would you prefer to have a roommate from your own country or a roommate from other countries? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanationSome people prefer a job which deals with the same tasks every day. Others prefer a job which deals with many different tasks. Which do you prefer and why?Some people prefer to live in a traditional building. Others prefer modern ones. Which one do you prefer and why?If you were to choose a class to study for fun, which one would you choose? An art class or a science class?Some people prefer to live in different places throughout their lives. Others prefer to stay and live in one place. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your response./Some people prefer to visit only one place during their vacations, others prefer to visit lots of places, which one do you prefer and why?Some people prefer to read imaginative literature like fictions in their spare time，while others prefer to read real literature or non-fictions, such as historical books and biographies. Which kind of books do you prefer, and why?Some people play games for enjoyment. Others play games in order to win. Which do you prefer and why？Do you agree or disagree that to be successful, a person should study in the university?Some students prefer to study in a library. Others prefer to study at home or in dormitories. Which way do you prefer and why? Include reasons and details in your response.Should your government build a library or a park in your community and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.When watching films or TV, do you prefer everyone to stay quiet until the end of the show or to share their ideas during the show? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people prefer to spend their vacation in the countryside while others prefer large cities. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.When it comes to decision making, do you prefer to take account to of other people’s ideas or make the decision entirely on your own? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanationA professor want you to help him on his very important project while it's your sister birthday party today. Which will you choose to do and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.When students go to school away from their hometown, some believe keeping in touch with their old friends is more important. Others believe making friends in the new city is more important. What is your opinion and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people prefer to engage in activities alone. Others prefer to participate in a group activity. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people like to travel alone. Others prefer to travel with their family. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your responseSome people argue people born with natural talents are more likely to succeed. Other people believe success can be achieved through hard work. What is your opinion and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.If there’s an opportunity for you to learn a new skill, would you rather learn to play a musical instrument or sport and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people prefer a high-paying job that requires them to travel a lot while others prefer a job that pays less but doesn't require them to travel. Which do you prefer and why? Please include specific examples and reasons in your response.Some students prefer to have an early class schedule with classes in the morning. Others prefer to have a late class schedule so they can go to classes in the afternoon. Which one do you prefer? Explain why. Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people believe that talking with other people is the key to success in college. Others believe observing others in silence is better. What is your opinion and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Some people believe that university students should take more regular classes to gain knowledge. Others believe that students can learn more outside of the classroom. What is your opinion and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Some people prefer to carefully pick presents for their friends. Others prefer to give them gift cards. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your response.Some people prefer to attend college in their hometown while others prefer to study in another city. Which do you prefer and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Some people like to make a plan for their free time. Other people spend their free time without any plan. Which do you prefer?There is donated land in the community. Some people think they should build a garden on it. Others think they should build a children’s playground. What is your opinion and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people prefer card games. Others prefer computer games. Which do you prefer and why?Some people prefer to use electronic mail to communicate with their family and friends whereas others prefer to use the telephone. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples to support your answer.Some people prefer to live in the noisy downtown with easy access to the shopping center, library restaurants, and public transportation while others prefer to live in the quiet suburbs far away from the city center. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.Here are two jobs with equal amount of time and pay. One requires you to work with other employees in a group and the other requires you to work independently. Which do you prefer and why?Some college students like to spend their free time studying another course or doing schoolwork. Others like to join a club and enjoy club activities. Which do you think is better and why?Some people consider going to the gym a priority in their life while others go to the gym only when they have time. Which do you think is better and why?When going on vacation in a different city, some people prefer to go camping in a tent while others prefer to stay at a hotel. Which would you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Some people would prefer to live in a place with strict rules while others would prefer a place without any rules (such as rules against making loud noises at night). Which would you prefer to live in and why? Please include reasons and details to support your answer.Some people think students should study in classroom while others believe that they should visit museums and zoos to study. Which one do you like?Some people would prefer a job that requires communication with other people. Others prefer to work by themselves. Which opinion would you prefer and why?Some people prefer a high-paying job that requires them to travel a lot while others prefer a job that pays less but doesn't require them to travel. Which do you prefer and why? Please include specific examples and reasons in your response.题型2：建议What measure can you suggest to help improve the campus environment？/ If your university is planning to improve its campus. Which do you think needs to be improved the most: the swimming pool, the cafeteria, or the dormitory?Many cities have traffic congestion (traffic jams). What do you think a city should do to deal with traffic jams and why? Include reasons and examples to support your response.A friend of yours want to make a big purchase but does not have enough money. What will you suggest your friend do to get extra money?Some high school students in your community are planning to initiate a program promoting environmental friendliness. What advice would you offer them and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.A friend of yours always gets up late in the morning and misses his morning classes. The professor has told him that this behavior will affect his grade. What advice would you give him and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your friend has to work a lot. Please suggest a hobby for him to help him spend his weekend in a more delightful way. Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Suppose you have a friend who is coming to your city for a tourist visit. What suggestions would you give your friends?Many regions in the world face problems with air pollution. What can be done to decrease the amount of air pollution in these regions? Use details and examples in your response.Some foreigners are visiting your country but they don't know much about the customs and climate in your country. What travel tips would you give them and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Our society is facing serious environmental problems. Choose one way you consider useful to save our planet. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.If your friend has unexpectedly received a large amount of money, what would you suggest him/her to do with the money and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.If someone is visiting your country, what food will you introduce to the visitor and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.One of your friends has a bad diet habit. What advice would you like to give to this friend and why?A friend of yours would like to drop out from college. What advice would you give him and why? Please include reasons and examples in your explanation.题型3：解释Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The internet has changed people’s life significantly? Explain why. /What do you think is the most significant benefit that internet brings to our life? Explain why you think this benefit is import. Include reasons and details to support your response.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University education is more important than it was in the past.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Schools should encourage students to volunteer in community service activities such as helping out in elementary schools or cleaning the parks.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: schools should forbid all junk food, such as hamburger, soda, and sugar on campus and why? Please include details and examples in your Explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Zoos are more beneficial than harmful to animals? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Instead of always being busy, one should have a relaxed life style. Do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Do people nowadays lead a healthier lifestyle than people 100 years ago?Do you agree or disagree with the statement that it's important for students to study Art and Music in school. Explain your answer in details.Do you agree or disagree with the statement: artists and musicians are important to our society.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is better to be a leader in a group than a supporting member? Use examples and details in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A 16-year old person can drive the car.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When students handle their assignments later than the deadline, teachers should reduce their scores? Use specific reasons to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students working harder than before will result in some beneficial influences than before. What's your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should always wear fashion clothes. Use specific reasons and examples to supportDo you agree or disagree with the following statement—children should start school before the age or 5 or 6? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you think that managing time is challenging for university students? Is it important for them to do that? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement - gifts made by people themselves are more meaningful than the gifts bought from store? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: we are more informed of world events today than our parents were when they were young and why? Please include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today put more pressure on their children than parents in the past? Explain why. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Do you agree with the following statement? Success in business requires a friendly and outgoing personality. Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should require students to participate discussions during the class. Please use specific reasons and examples in your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Having a relaxing and unhurried life is the most important for a person. Please include reasons and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertisements have too much influence on what people buy. Explain why. Please include reasons and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree? The most important influence that young adults have is from their families.Do you agree or disagree? The success of a school is largely determined by the amount of textbooks it has. Please include reasons and details in your response.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To be an artist, a person’s talent is more important than his or her hard work. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: teachers should make their classes fun and why? Please include reasons and examples in your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? While choosing friends, people should always choose those who have different interests from their own. Include specific reasons and examples in your explanation.题型4：描述Talk about something you enjoy doing in order to relax yourself and explain why you enjoy it? /Choose one of your favorite methods to relax and explain why it is your favorite. Please include specific details in your explanationTalk about a skill in which you’ re proficient, such as art, sports, and so on, and explain why it is important to you. Please include details and examples in your explanation.The university is organizing a visit to one of the following workplaces—a science lab, a business office, or a TV studio. Which will you choose to visit and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Describe the steps through which you once learned a new thing /subject and explain how you learned it. Please include details and examples in your response./Talk about an experience of learning something new. What difficulties do you have to overcome in order to learn it?Describe a day that you enjoyed the most or was the most special to you. Include reasons and details to support your response.Talk about an object, tool, or a piece of equipment that you depend on in your daily life. Explain how it makes your life easier. Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Many people nowadays move to big cities for work and study. What are the advantages of moving to big cities for work or school? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Talk about something you enjoy doing in order to relax yourself and explain why you enjoy it? /Choose one of your favorite methods to relax and explain why it is your favorite. Please include specific details in your explanationWhat do you think is one of the most important characteristics that a good teacher should have? Include specific reasons and details in your explanation.Describe an area in your city that you like the most. Explain why you like this area the most.Describe the steps through which you once learned a new thing and explain how you learned it. Please include details and examples in your response./Talk about an experience of learning something new. What difficulties do you have to overcome in order to learn it?Describe the most important decision you’ve ever made in your life. Explain why it’s important.Describe the most disappointing experience in your life. Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Compare the differences between two singers you like. Include specific reasons and details in your explanation.Some universities have decided to force students who cheat at school to leave the school. Do you think if it is a good idea? What are the advantaged and disadvantages? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Describe a person that you look up to as a role model. Explain how this person influenced your life. Include details and examples to support your response.Describe a historical event that you’re interested in most. Explain why you are interested in it and want to know more about it. Include reasons and examples to support your response.What do you think is the most important advancement over the past 20 years in your country? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why you think that is important. Choose one of the following natural environment and explain why you would like to live there most: mountain, forest, desert, prairie, seashore or somewhere else? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.What characteristics or components do you think a good school should have? Explain why.What is the biggest challenge for university students and why? Please include details and examples in your answers.Describe a special gift you gave to some else. Explain why it is a special gift? Include details to support your explanation. / Describe a present you have given to others. Explain why you think it is important.What is your favorite place outdoors to do exercise on a nice day and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.If you had the opportunity to travel to the moon, would you choose to go and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.What would you do to handle too many assignments at a time? Please include specific details and examples in your response.What are the advantages and disadvantages of requiring students to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some universities have decided to force students who cheat at school to leave the school. Do you think if it is a good idea? What are the advantaged and disadvantages? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.。
3.托福讲义
表示因果关系的常用单词
due
to/owing to/thanks to/on account of as a consequence / consequently/as a result/therefore/thereby/henc e/thus
Due
to / owing to/ on account of the renewed emphasis on education, the estimated increase for 1984 might materialize.
Some influential ideas and suggestions are destined to come only from one’s classmates and peers. （原因） Partially because only one’s friends understand better what sort of person he is,
由结果到原因（即：探索某种现象的成因 ） Eg.5.
（结果） Getting ahead in the workplace becomes our priority, to the extent that we think about it all the time and can never really relax or take a break.（结果） Even for those with secure jobs, promotions and better salaries are irresistible, forever coaxing them to try their uttermost.
由结果到原因（即：探索某种现象的成因 ） Eg.4. （原因） Moreover, a teacher is
托福强化听力课程讲义-学生版
16
What does the professor imply about water systems man aged by the safe yield”method?
Inference question
17
Why does the professor talk about Plato'description of society?
Gist question
18
Listen again and then answer the question:
Why does the professor imply about plato'ethical theory?
Attitude question
19
Listen again and then answer the question:Why does the professor ask this?
Detail Question
14
Listen again and then answer the question:Why does the professor say this?
Purpose question
15
What is a key feature of a susta in able water system?
8
According to the conversation, why are transposes sometimes calledjumping genes ?
Detail Question
9
According to the conversation, what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resista nee gen es?
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义引言概述：泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义是为了帮助学生在短时间内全面提升英语水平，顺利通过小托福考试而设计的。
本讲义内容详实，结构合理，旨在帮助学生系统地学习、巩固和应用英语知识。
正文内容：1. 语法知识1.1 词类和句子结构- 名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类的基本概念和用法- 简单句、复合句、并列句等句子结构的构成和运用1.2 时态和语态- 过去、现在和将来时态的用法和区别- 主动语态和被动语态的转换和运用1.3 语法错误纠正- 常见语法错误的辨析和纠正方法- 熟练使用语法规则来改正句子中的错误2. 阅读理解2.1 主旨理解- 通过抓住文章的中心思想来理解整篇文章的主旨- 掌握归纳总结的技巧，提炼文章的主要信息2.2 细节理解- 通过仔细阅读，找出文章中的关键细节- 掌握快速定位信息的方法，提高阅读速度和准确度2.3 推理判断- 利用已有信息和常识进行推理判断- 掌握推理判断题的解题技巧，提高答题准确率3. 听力技巧3.1 听力材料理解- 提高对不同口音和语速的听力理解能力- 掌握听力材料中重要信息的提取方法3.2 笔记做记- 运用有效的记笔记方法，记录听力材料的关键信息- 增强对听力材料的理解和记忆3.3 听力策略- 掌握听力材料中常见问题的解决策略- 提高对听力材料的整体把握和答题技巧4. 写作技巧4.1 写作结构- 了解不同类型的写作结构，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等- 掌握合理组织文章结构的方法，提高写作的逻辑性和连贯性4.2 词汇和句型运用- 丰富词汇量，提高词汇运用的准确性和多样性- 掌握常用句型和表达方式，增强写作的表达能力4.3 写作技巧- 学习写作中的常见问题和错误，提高写作的准确性和流畅性- 掌握写作技巧，如段落过渡、句子连接等，增强写作的连贯性和可读性5. 口语技巧5.1 发音和语调- 改善发音和语调，提高口语的自然度和流利度- 学习正确的发音规则和语调模式，减少口语错误5.2 词汇和表达- 增加口语词汇量，提高口语表达的准确性和丰富性- 学习常用口语表达方式和习惯用语，提高口语的地道性5.3 回答问题- 学习有效的回答问题的技巧，提高回答问题的准确性和连贯性- 掌握回答问题的思路和结构，增强口语的逻辑性和条理性总结：泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义通过系统的教学内容和合理的结构设计，帮助学生全面提升英语水平，顺利通过小托福考试。
托福讲义-8-Writing Correction-自创
Raising up children is not always an easy task for every parents in any time. It does not only take time, but also money, as well as parents’love and full attention.supports I agree with.First of all, it is a very obvious phenomenon that science and technology are developing.With science and technology developing, parents can raise their children easier. With developing of science and technology, it is easier for parents to raise children.First of all, the development of science and technology makes it easier for parents to raise children.(Reasoning) The development of science and technology enable us to witness an increasing great numberof inventions, which is of great help for raising children nowadays.(Example) Let us take the computer, which is a latest invention, as an example. Nowdays computer is becoming more and more important in our life, and one of its functions is to help parents to do something for their kids. With the help of computer, parents can learn useful information to practice in educating children, parents also can communicate with some experts and other parents on theinternet. Moreover, computer is a very interesting and fashion product for children to learn and to play with. But 50 years ago, there were not computer at all. Parents can just teach and look after children in their own ways, and children cannotplay with computer neither.LogicSecond, the whole level of our society is much better than 50 years agoSecond, the whole level of our society is much better than 50 years ago, which makes it easier to bring up their children.Second, the material abundance makes it easier to bring up their children nowadays.SO For instant, there are more and more hospitals, schools and playing places nowdays. These things are all very essential for parents to take good care of their children. We know that children are very easy to have illness. In this part,more hospitals can provide health care help parents to cure children faster andsafer. With the help of more schools, parents can choose boarder, then givetheir kids more possibilities to receive better educations. In addition, more places for fun can give both parents and children a chance to enjoy themselves and add up to their relationships.Last, 50 years ago the economy environment were worse than now. Lastly, the shortage of daily consumption materials makes it more difficult to raise children 50 years ago.(Reasoning) The shortage of daily consumption materials is not uncommon phenomenon in 50 years ago, which means children did not usually have enough to eat for everyday meals. Without enough food to eat, it is obvious that their physical health will be damaged.As a result, adults' most attention might bepu t into their jobs and how to earn more money to support the family. They could not think too much in children's raisings. But now things are totally different. Parents are able to take care more about the kids because they do not need to worry about the materials any more. Instead, they can spend more time on caring their children and finding better methods to teach them and communicate with them.In conclusion, as the details I have mentioned above, I do believe that parents can take more attention to raise children than 50 years ago. Also it is a good phenomenon, because the more parents care about their children, the better children can develop.。
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义一、引言小托福考试是许多学生想要进入国外学府的必经之路。
为了帮助学生顺利通过小托福考试，泽洲英语学校特别开设了小托福冲刺班。
本讲义将介绍冲刺班的课程安排和教学内容，旨在帮助学生更好地了解课程，并取得更好的学习效果。
二、课程安排1. 课程时间：冲刺班为期8周，每周上课5天，每天3小时，共计120小时。
2. 课程形式：课程采用线下授课的形式，学生需前往泽洲英语学校上课。
3. 课程内容：冲刺班主要包括英语听力、口语、阅读和写作四个模块。
三、听力训练1. 听力技巧：学生将学习各类听力题型的解题技巧，包括听力题的分析、答题技巧等。
2. 听力材料：学生将听取各类真实场景的对话、短文和讲座，以提高听力理解能力。
3. 听力练习：学生将进行大量听力练习，包括听力填空、选择题、听力判断等，以提高应对各类听力题型的能力。
四、口语训练1. 口语表达：学生将学习日常口语表达、社交口语、演讲技巧等，以提高口语表达能力。
2. 口语练习：学生将进行各种口语练习，包括自我介绍、问答练习、情景对话等，以提高口语流利度和语音语调准确度。
3. 口语评估：学生将接受口语评估，根据评估结果进行个性化口语训练，帮助学生针对性地提高口语水平。
五、阅读训练1. 阅读技巧：学生将学习阅读题型的解题技巧，包括关键词定位、选项分析等。
2. 阅读材料：学生将阅读各类真实文章，包括新闻报道、科学文章、社论等，以提高阅读理解能力。
3. 阅读练习：学生将进行大量的阅读练习，包括填空题、选择题、判断题等，以提高应对各类阅读题型的能力。
六、写作训练1. 写作技巧：学生将学习写作的结构、句型、段落组织等基本技巧，以提高写作能力。
2. 写作练习：学生将进行各种写作练习，包括写作提纲、作文等，以提高写作的逻辑性、连贯性和语言表达能力。
3. 写作评估：学生将接受写作评估，根据评估结果进行个性化写作训练，帮助学生针对性地提高写作水平。
七、学习辅导1. 学习方法：学生将学习高效的学习方法和学习策略，以提高学习效果。
新东方托福强化班讲义之写作部分(李笑来)
今天是作文,最令我意外的就是作文老师居然是传说中的李笑来.他首先提醒我们,没有经过充分准备的考生千万别进考场,如果参加了考试的,确定自己肯定拿不到自己理想的分数的.请在考试最后记得cancel 掉自己的考试成绩,因为ETS的评分是按照平均水平来的,如果你confirm了你的成绩,在无形中就提高了别人的成绩.一. 1,评分标准要one by one的仔细研读.这个我也觉得很重要,他花了好长时间分析了评分标准,我觉得这个直接影响你的写作思路和方向.大家要抓住评分标准里面的关键词.更重要的是,在评分过程中,是一个找宝的过程,他给我们看了一篇1分—2分的作文.这篇作文貌似组织良好,但是里面隐藏着许多逻辑错误.2,Sample response from ETS and the readers comments.后者更加重要,要抓住comments里关键词3,关于展开论点.OG,P259—260 要很好的展开论点,运用恰当清晰的解释,例证和细节.评分人员会评估考生的作文是否切题,文章中的细节,事例,理由在多大程度上支持论点.不要光为了增加文章字数而死记硬背一些冗长的首,末段.二. 1,在综合写作部分,要快速阅读给出段子的首句,第一段要读前两句,尽量笔记下关键词.2,关注名词概念.主要靠平时积累三.在阅读部分如何作笔记:1,用缩写代替名词概念2,用符号代替逻辑关系四.不要在以下四方面浪费时间:1,不要在意美英之间的差异.2,不要在意口语和书面语之间的差异3,不必在意任何文化差异. ,例如同性恋问题,185中不涉及文化问题.4,不必在意语言是否地道,只写acceptable writing English. 他的意思就是,以我们大家现在的水平是不可能写的出地道的英文,写出能让人接受的正规格式的英文就足够了.五.Step by step1,列大纲,落实具体细节.根据心理学,人类思考并不一定依赖语言,所以列大纲并不一定要用美国人思维方式,记得一定要用中文列大纲.并且大纲内容一定要平实朴素无修饰.(在写作过程中如果遇到不会写的专有名词时,可用拼音代替,在后面用一句话来解释一下即可)2,永不轻言放弃.在遇到不会表达的地方可用同位语解释.3,具体具体再具体.这一点在口语中也有提到.一定要具体到具体的时间地点.可把大纲扩充成分,也可变强调句.老美就爱这个,没办法.所以一定要具体具体再具体.六.排比句的技巧:1,公整对照.2,句法大同,词汇小异3,遵循二分法七.3A1,Start anyway 好的文字是改出来的,而不是倒出来的.所以一定要逼自己动手写下去.2,Continu anyway 直到最后,不管用多长时间一定要坚持写到底.3,Close anyway 给自己一个期限.不能无限制的写下去而又写不完.在思想上给自己一个约束.TIPS:1,IBT的写作是要求说明性,说理性文字,而非散文和诗歌2,特定的文章用特定的阅读方法.3,快速阅读并不是快速移动你的眼睛.4,考前至少背5篇有代表性的范文.5,在平时练习的时候遇到生词一定要记录到自己的笔记本上.定期反复复习6,要具有清楚的,恰当的举例说明能力.平时可以用中文练习.在语言上尽量简洁,朴素,有效.7,第一次练习写作的时候借助一切可以借助的手段,用心写,不必限时.长此以往,写作文的时间会越来越短的.8,关注李笑来的个人网站9,郑渊洁的Blog.5th Feb Writing独立测试部分一简单说明文第一部分1段 Background information**Thesis statement第二部分2-3段 Supporting例平均寿命1段上世纪本世纪增长了20岁主题句Among various factors that have made people live long are A,B,C.2 段 A 食物条件改善A is very important factor……(what / why /how)粗粮-细粮肥肉-精肉牛奶Water from river of well…..now from tap water……Mineral water such as soft drink…..利用googleB 医疗技术Equally important is B(形容词提前体现句法的多样性并且equally 是上下文紧密连接)C 社会稳定Match A and B is another essential factor C.**写主题句的建议1 尽量不要使用只抽象名词主题句好结论句没必要写2 尽量暗示文章将来结构3 主题句应该值得解释，值得证明4 使用绝对词应该慎重（经常问Is this always true?）但不是段首句时，可放宽标准二对比对照第一部分1段Background information第二部分2段Compare and contrast第三部分1段Thesis statement (A>B)例P.7 (4) 说服重于表达列出A,B的缺点和优点然后A>B第一部分Some people assert that B is better than A. However, I want to reason that A is in fact better than B.第二部分第一种方法第二种方法A的优点1，2，3，A缺点1 A的优点1，2，3，B优点1B的缺点1，2，3, B优点1 B的缺点1，2，3, A 缺点1第三部分A>B**说服的原则1 不要站在人家对立面上2 不要告诉他结论，你要让他想结论3 不要盲目追求标新立异三立论文第一部分1段Background information第二部分2段-3段Supporting第三部分1段Rebuttal—驳证(可放在任何地方)第四部分1段Thesis statement例保护濒临灭绝动物很多人的立场是反对保护濒临灭绝动物我的立场是反对盲目地保护濒临灭绝的动物。
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29个题目；48次考察
话题主要分为以下四类：
学习内容（学什么）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?All high school students should take basic economic courses.
教学方法（老师怎么教？学生怎么学？）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than learn facts.
电视电影的积极方面
电视电影的消极方面
2.电脑网络
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing computer games is a waste of time.Children should not be allowed to do so.
折中态度：不要谈最重要，谈重要因素之一。学校教育及相关社会实践能够学习知识和培养能力。
不同意：
2.教学方法
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than learn facts.(2007-2-24)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important to award students for efforts than for achievement.(2006-6-24)
分数不是唯一的标准，学到知识和培养能力更重要。
分数的好处
分数的坏处
4.影响因素
老师，父母、家庭、同学、朋友、媒体
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students are influenced by their teachers rather than their friends.(2008-11-22)
评价方法（学习效果用什么方式进行评价）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Grades(marks) encourage students to learn.
影响因素（影响学生学习效果的各种因素）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Ateacher who is serious and strict is more effective than a teacher who is humorous and easy-going.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important to choose a subject of your interest than to choose those that prepare you for a job or career.(2006-11-9)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Universitystudents should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.(2007-7-28)
该话题主要探讨决定学生学习效果的因素。学习时间不是唯一决定学习效果的因素，学生的学习态度，学习方法更重要。
3.评价方法
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Grades (marks) encourage students to learn. (2006-12-3)
第四节成功
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who go outside are more successful and happier than people who stay in villages. (2010-1-22)
Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think.Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain.Which type of movie do you prefer?
该话题主要探讨不同的学科学习方法各不相同；分情况讨论。
homework is necessary for students?(2006-12-13)
该话题主要探讨不同学科，学习阶段学习方法不同。
School education is more effective if students have classes for eleven months.Do you agree or disagree?(2008-3-30)
1.学习内容
A.科目间的关系（相辅相成）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Universitystudents should be required to take basic science courses no matter what field they study.(2008-8-9)
3.广告
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Advertisement is a waste of company’s money and time, because consumers know what they want to buy.
肯定课堂以外学习的重要性，在应用中深化课堂知识，积累社会经验等。
D.综合（学生学习应当知识与能力并重）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?University education is the most important factor in a person’s success.(2007-5-12)
写作练习
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Technology makes people’s lives more complicated.
第三节媒体
分为四类：1.电视电影2.电脑网络3.广告4.综合
1.电视电影：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on young people’s behaviour.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In order to succeed, it is better to be like others than be different from everybody else. (2008-10-11)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about events happening around the world even if it is unlikely to have any effect on your daily life.
审题
B.广泛学习VS专业学习（二者应当结合在一起，各有各的好处）
Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects.Other universities require students to specialize in one subject.Which is better?(2006-4-8)
4.教育及其他
Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.Do you agree or disagree?
5.综合
Scientists should be responsible for the negative impact of their discoveries.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Most advertisements make the product seem much better than it really is.
广告的积极因素
广告的消极因素
4.综合
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Printed books have greater influences on the society than television does.