最新生理学专业英语词汇
医科专业英语词汇
医科专业英语1. anatomy解剖学2. physiology生理学3. epithelial tissue上皮组织4. connective tissue结缔组织5. muscular tissue肌肉组织6. nervous tissue神经组织7. the integumentary system体被系统8. the skeletal system骨骼系统9. the muscular system肌肉系统10. the lymphatic system淋巴系统11. the respiratory system呼吸系统12. the digestive system消化系统13. the nervous system神经系统14. the endocrine system内分泌系统15. the cardiovascular system心血管系统16. the urinary system泌尿系统17. the reproductive system生殖系统18. the cranial cavity颅腔19. the spinal cavity脊髓腔20. the thoracic cavity胸腔21. the abdominopelvic cavity盆腹腔22. homeostasis内环境稳定23. metabolism新陈代谢1.morphology 形态学, 生态学2.etiology 病因学, 病原学3.pathogenesis 发病学, 发病机理4.intrauterine 子宫内的5.endoscopy 内窥镜检查6.biopsy 活组织检查7.pathogen病菌; 病原体8.inflammatory diseases炎性疾病9.degenerative diseases变性性疾病, 退行性疾病10.metabolic diseases代谢性疾病11.congenital and hereditary diseases先天性和遗传性疾病12.neoplastic diseases肿瘤性疾病13.prognosis预后14.clinical history临床史15.specific treatment特异疗法, 特效(药)疗法16.symptomatic treatment症状疗法, 对症治疗17.chromosome染色体18.noninvasive procedures无创检查19.recessive gene隐性基因20.dominant gene显性基因anic disease器质性疾病22.electrocardiogram 心电图1.carbohydrate 碳水化合物2.esophagus 食管3.duodenum十二指肠4.pepsin 胃蛋白酶5.peristalsis蠕动6.cardiac / pyloric sphincter贲门/幽门括约肌7.gastrointestinal track胃肠道8.hydrochloric acid盐酸9.amino acid氨基酸10.glycerol甘油; 丙三醇11.gallbladder胆囊12.ileocecal valve回盲瓣13.salivary glands 涎腺,唾液腺14.hard/soft palate硬/软腭15.epiglottis 会厌mon bile duct 胆总管17.rectum直肠18.villus绒毛19.digestive enzyme消化酶20.taste bud味蕾21.appendix 阑尾22.ascending /descending colon 升/降结肠23.sigmoid colon 乙状结肠24.bowel movement 大便25.chyme 食糜1.respiratory tract呼吸道2.pharynx咽3.trachea气管4.bronchiole细支气管5.epithelial cell上皮细胞6.macrophage巨噬细胞7.oxygen氧气8.carbon dioxide二氧化碳9.mucous membrane粘膜10. nasal passage鼻道11. allergy变态反应(症), 过敏症12. swallowing reflex吞咽反射13. lymphatic tissue淋巴组织14. ciliated cell纤毛细胞15. inhalation吸入,吸气16. exhalation呼出，呼气17. nostril鼻孔18. cartilage软骨19. larynx喉20. alveolus肺泡21. tonsil 扁桃体22. irreversible damage 不可逆性损伤1. cardiovascular system心血管系统2. circulatory system循环系统3. plasma血浆4. erythrocyte红细胞5. leukocyte白细胞6. platelet count血小板计数7. megakaryocyte巨核细胞8. hematocrit血细胞比容9. hemoglobin血红蛋白10. diffuse扩散，弥漫11. granulocyte粒细胞12. osmotic pressure渗透压13. phagocytosis吞噬作用14. interferon干扰素15. systemic circulation体循环16. pulmonary circulation肺循环17. deoxygenated blood去氧血18. tricuspid valve三尖瓣19. pulmonic valve肺动脉瓣20. aortic valve主动脉瓣21. tachycardia心动过速22. bradycardia心动过缓23. systole心缩期24. diastole心舒期1. atrium心房2. ventricle心室3. mitral / bicuspid valve二尖瓣4. semilunar valve半月瓣5. endocardium心内膜6. myocardium心肌7. epicardium心外膜8. pericardium心包(膜)9. pulmonary trunk肺动脉干10. stethoscope听诊器11. murmur (心脏)杂音,12. pacemaker cell P细胞(起搏细胞)13. sinus /sinoatrial node窦房结14. atrioventricular node房室结15. aorta主动脉16. common carotid artery颈总动脉17. artery动脉18. capillary毛细血管19. superior / inferior vena cava上腔静脉/下腔静脉。
生理学英文专业词汇
第1章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aacclimatization, accustomization 习服acute animal experiment 急性动物实验afferent nerve 传入神经autoregulation * 自身调节Bbody fluid 体液Ccell physiology 细胞生理学center 中枢chronic animal experiment 慢性动物实验closed-loop system 闭环系统control system 控制系统cybernetics 控制论Eeffecter 效应器efferent nerve 传出神经experiment in vivo 在体实验experiment in vitro 离体实验extracellular fluid, ECF 细胞外液Ffeedback * 反馈feed-forward * 前馈Ggeneral physiology 普通生理学Hhuman physiology 人体生理学humoral regulation * 体液调节homeostasis ** 稳态hormone 激素Iinternal environment ** 内环境interstitial fluid, ISF 组织间液intracellular fluid, ICF 细胞内液Nnegative feedback ** 负反馈neurohormone 神经激素neurohumoral regulation 神经 - 体液调节neuroregulation * 神经调节neurosecretion 神经分泌Oorganism 生物体organ physiology 器官生理学Pparacrine 旁分泌physiological experiment 生理学实验physiology ** 生理学plasma 血浆positive feedback * 正反馈Rreceptor 感受器reflex * 反射reflex arc ** 反射弧resetting 重调定Sset point ** 调定点Ttarget cell 靶细胞telecrine 远距分泌tissue fluid 组织液第2章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabsolute refractory period** 绝对不应期acetylcholine, ACh** 乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase** 乙酰胆碱酯酶actin* 肌动蛋白 ; 肌纤蛋白action potential** 动作电位activation** 激活active transport** 主动转运adenylyl cyclase, AC** 腺苷酸环化酶after depolarization* 后去极化after hyperpolarization* 后超极化after-potential* 后电位afterload** 后负荷all-or-none response** “全或无”反应amphiphilic molecule* 双嗜性分子analogue signal 模拟信号antigen 抗原antiport** 反向转运antiporter* 反向转运体aquaporin, AQP 水孔蛋白arrhythmia 心律失常atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP* 心房钠尿肽autophosphorylation 自身磷酸化autorhythmicity** 自律性Bbarrier function 屏障功能blocker 阻断剂brain natriuretic peptide, BNP* 脑钠尿肽a -bungarotoxin a - 银环蛇毒CCa 2+ -binding protein, CaBP* 钙结合蛋白calcium channel 钙通道calcium-induced Ca 2+ release, CICR** 钙触发钙释放calcium pump* 钙泵calcium release channel** 钙释放通道calmodulin, CaM ** 钙调蛋白cardiac muscle* 心肌carrier** 载体cell* 细胞cell membrane* 细胞膜central nervous system 中枢神经系统channel* 通道chemically-gated ion channel** 化学门控通道chloride channel 氯通道cholesterol* 胆固醇Cl - equilibrium potential, E Cl* Cl - 平衡电位clathrin 网格蛋白close** 关闭coated pit 有被小窝coated vesicle 有被囊泡competitive inhibition* 竞争抑制complete tetanus 完全性强直收缩concentration gradient 浓度梯度conformational change 构象变化connexin* 连接蛋白connexon* 连接子contractility** 肌肉收缩能力cross-bridge* 横桥cross-bridge cycling* 横桥周期cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP** 环一磷酸腺苷cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cGMP** 环一磷酸鸟苷cytokine 细胞因子cytosol 胞质Ddark band 暗带deactivation** 去激活dense band 致密带dense body* 致密体dense patch 致密斑dephosphorylation 去磷酸化depolarization** 去极化detachment 解离diacylglycerol, DG* 二酰甘油duration of stimulus 刺激持续时间Eelectrical gradient 电位梯度electrical synapse* 电突触electrically excitable cell 电可兴奋细胞electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图electrochemical driving force* 电化学驱动力electroencephalogram, EEG 脑电图electromechanical coupling* 电 - 机械耦联electromyogram 肌电图electrotonic potential** 电紧张电位electrotonic propagation** 电紧张扩布endocytosis** 入胞endocytotic vesicle 吞饮泡endplate membrane* 终板膜endplate potential, EPP** 终板电位ensemble current 总体平均电流enzyme-linked receptor* 酶联型受体equilibriam potential* 平衡电位exchanger** 交换体excitability** 兴奋性excitable cell** 可兴奋细胞excitation** 兴奋excitation-contraction coupling** 兴奋 - 收缩耦联excitation-secretion coupling** 兴奋 - 分泌耦联exocytosis** 出胞Ffacilitated diffusion via carrier** 经载体易化扩散facilitated diffusion via ion channel** 经通道易化扩散fluid mosaic model* 液态镶嵌模型fluid-phase endocytosis* 液相入胞Ggap junction** 缝隙连接gap junction channel** 缝隙连接通道gastric parietal cell 壁细胞gate 闸门gating** 门控generator potential 发生器电位genetic expression 基因表达G protein* G 蛋白G protein effector** G 蛋白效应器G protein-linked receptor** G 蛋白耦联受体glucose 葡萄糖D-glucose carrier 右旋葡萄糖载体glucose transporter, GLUT** 葡萄糖转运体glycolipid* 糖脂glycoprotein* 糖蛋白growth factor 生长因子guanine nucleotide-binding protein** 鸟苷酸结合蛋白guanyly l cyclase, GC** 鸟苷酸环化酶guanylyl cyclase receptor** 鸟苷酸环化酶受体Hheavy chain 重链heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein 三聚体 G 蛋白homeodomain 同源结构域hyperpolarization** 超极化Iinactivation** 失活incomplete tetanus 不完全强直收缩initial length** 初长度inositol triphosphate, IP 3 ** 三磷酸肌醇integral protein* 整合蛋白intensity of stimulus 刺激强度intercalated cell 闰细胞intermediate filament 中间丝inward current** 内向电流ion channel** 离子通道ion-channel receptor** 离子通道型受体ion pump** 离子泵ionic selectivity* 离子选择性iontropic receptor** 促离子型受体IP 3 receptor, IP 3 R** IP 3 受体isometric contraction** 等长收缩isotonic contraction** 等张收缩Jjunctional cleft* 接头间隙junctional SR, JSR* 连接肌质网KK + equilibriam potential, E K ** K + 平衡电位K + leak channel** 钾漏通道Lligand* 配体ligand-gated ion channel* 配体门控通道light band 明带light chain 轻链lipid* 脂质lipid bilayer* 脂质双层load 负荷local current** 局部电流local potential** 局部电位longitudinal SR, LSR* 纵行肌质网longitudinal tubule 纵管low-density lipoprotein, LDL* 低密度脂蛋白L-type Ca 2+ channel* L 型钙通道Mmacroscopial current* 宏膜电流mechanically-gated ion channel** 机械门控通道membrane capacitance, C m * 膜电容membrane conductance** 膜电导membrane potential** 膜电位membrane protein-mediated transport膜蛋白介导的跨膜转运membrane resistance* 膜电阻metabotropic receptor** 促代谢型受体Michealis constant, K m * 米氏常数miniature endplate potential, MEPP** 微终板电位mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶M line M 线molecular switch* 分子开关motor unit** 运动单位muscle tonus** 肌紧张multi-unit smooth muscle* 多单位平滑肌myofibril 肌原纤维myofilament sliding theory** 肌丝滑行理论myosin* 肌球蛋白 ; 肌凝蛋白myosin light chain, MLC* 肌球蛋白轻链myosin light chain kinase, MLCK*肌球蛋白轻链激酶myosin light chain phosphatase ， MLCP*肌球蛋白轻链磷酸酶NN 2 -A C h receptor cation channel**N 2 型 ACh 受体阳离子通道**Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger Na + -Ca 2+ 交换体Na + equilibrium potential, E Na ** Na + 平衡电位Na + -glucose symporter Na + - 葡萄糖同向转运体Na + -H + exchanger Na + -H + 交换体Na + , K + -ATPase* Na + , K + -ATP 酶Na + , K + , Cl - cotransporter Na+,K+,Cl - 同向转运体negative after-potential* 负后电位nerve impulse 神经冲动neuromuscular junction* 神经 - 肌接头nitric oxide, NO** 一氧化氮NO synthase, NOS** 一氧化氮合酶non-synaptic chemical transmission* 非突触性化学传递nonselective cation channel 非选择性阳离子通道Ooligosaccharide 寡糖open probability 开放概率optimal initial length** 最适初长度outward current** 外向电流overshoot** 超射Ppacemaker** 起步点passive electrical property 被动电学特性passive transport** 被动转运patch clamp** 膜片钳performance of contraction** 收缩效能peripheral protein* 表面蛋白permeability* 通透性phagocytosis* 吞噬pharmacomechanical coupling* 药物 - 机械耦联phosphatase 磷酸酶phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, PI2 *二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiesterase ， PDE** 磷酸二酯酶phospholipase A 2 , PLA 2 * 磷脂酶 A 2 phospholipase C, PLC** 磷脂酶 Cphospholipid* 磷脂phosphorylation 磷酸化physical diffusion 物理扩散pinocytosis* 吞饮plasma membrane* 质膜polarization** 极化polysaccharide 多糖positive feedback 正反馈postsynaptic potential 突触后电位potassium channel 钾通道positive after-potential* 正后电位prejunctional membrane* 接头前膜preload** 前负荷primary active transport** 原发性主动转运protein* 蛋白质propagation 传播protein kinase 蛋白激酶protein kinase A, PKA 蛋白激酶 Aprotein kinase C , PKC 蛋白激酶 Cprotein kinase G, PKG 蛋白激酶 Gproton pump 质子泵Qquantal 量子quantal release** 量子式释放Rrate of change of intensity to time 强度对时间的变化率receptor 受体receptor-mediated endocytosis** 受体介导入receptor potential 感受器电位receptor tyrosine kinase 受体酪氨酸激酶recovery from inactivation** 复活relative refractory period** 相对不应期repolarization** 复极化resting potential** 静息电位retched action* 棘齿作用ryanodine receptor, RYR** ryanodine 受体Ssaltatory conduction** 跳跃式传导sarcomere* 肌节sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR* 肌质网sarcotubular system 肌管系统saturation* 饱和现象second messenger** 第二信使secondary active transport** 继发性主动转运selectivity filter 选择性滤器shortening 缩短signaling transduction** 信号转导simple diffusion** 单纯扩散single channel conductance 单通道电导single channel current* 单通道电流single-unit smooth muscle* 单个单位平滑肌size principle** 大小原则skeletal muscle* 骨骼肌slow wave 慢波smooth muscle* 平滑肌sodium channel 钠通道sodium-potassium pump** 钠 - 钾泵sodium pump* 钠泵spatial summation** 空间总和spike potential** 锋电位stimulation** 刺激striated muscle* 横纹肌subnormal period** 低常期subthreshould stimulus 阈下刺激summation** 总和supranormal period** 超常期suprathreshold stimulus 阈上刺激symport** 同向转运symporter* 同向转运体synaptic vesicle 突触囊泡 ; 突触小泡Ttemporal summation** 时间总和tension 张力terminal cistern* 终池tetanus** 强直收缩tetraethylammonium, TEA 四乙铵tetrodotoxin, TTX 河豚毒thick filament 粗肌丝thin filament 细肌丝three-legged protein 三脚蛋白threshold** 阈值threshold intensity** 阈强度threshold potential** 阈电位threshold stimulus** 阈刺激time-dependence* 时间依赖性transmembrane current 跨膜电流transmembrane diffusion* 跨膜扩散transmembrane a helice 跨膜 a 螺旋transmembrane potential** 跨膜电位7-transmembrane receptor 7 次跨膜受体transmitter-gated ion channel* 递质门控通道transporter** 转运体transverse tubule 横管triad 三联管tropomyosin* 原肌球蛋白 ; 原肌凝蛋白troponin* 肌钙蛋白troponin C, TnC* 肌钙蛋白 C troponin I, TnI* 肌钙蛋白 I troponinT, TnT* 肌钙蛋白 TT tubule* T 管tubocurarine 筒箭毒twitch** 单收缩tyrosine-kinase-associated receptor*酪氨酸激酶结合型受体tyrosine kinase receptor, TKR** 酪氨酸激酶受体Uuniport** 单（物质）转运uniporter* 单（物质）转运体Vvaricosity* 曲张体visceral smooth muscle* 内脏平滑肌voltage clamp* 电压钳voltage-dependence* 电压依赖性voltage-gated ion channel** 电压门控通道Wwater channel 水通道wave front** 波前ZZ disk Z 盘Z line Z 线第3章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aagglutination ** 红细胞凝集agglutinin ** 凝集素agglutinogen ** 凝集原Albumin 白蛋白antihemophilic factor 抗血友病因子a 2 - antiplasmin a 2 - 抗纤溶酶antithrombin ** 抗凝血酶a 1 antitrypsin a 1 抗胰蛋白酶aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血Bbasophil * 嗜碱性粒细胞basophilic normoblast 早幼红细胞bleeding time * 出血时间blood* 血液blood cells * 血细胞blood coagulation ** 血液凝固blood component therapy ** 成分输血blood group ** 血型blood volume ** 血量bone marrow 骨髓bone marrow transplantation , BMT 骨髓移植burst forming unit-erythroid, BFU-E*爆式红系集落形成单位burst promoting activity, BPA * 爆式促进活性Cchemokine * 趋化因子chemotaxis * 趋化性C 1 inhibitor C 1 抑制物clotting time, CT * 凝血时间coagulation factor; clotting factor ** 凝血因子collagen 胶原colloid osmotic pressure ** 胶体渗透压colony forming unit, CFU * 集落形成单位colony forming unit-erythroid, CFU-E* 红系集落形成单位colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage, CFU-GM粒 - 单核系祖细胞colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte, CFU-MK 巨核系祖细胞colony stimulating factor, CSF * 集落刺激因子committed progenitors * 定向祖细胞contact factor 接触因子 ; Hageman 因子cross-match test ** 交叉配血试验cycloxygenase 环加氧酶crystal osmotic pressure ** 晶体渗透压Ddemarcation membrane system, DMS * 分界膜系统dendritic cell 树突状细胞diapedesis 白细胞渗出Eeosinophil * 嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophile chemotactic factor A 嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子 Aerythrocyte; red blood cell, RBC * 红细胞erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR ** 红细胞沉降率erythropoietin, EPO* * 促红细胞生成素extramedullary hemopoiesis 骨髓外造血extrinsic pathway ** 外源性凝血途径FFerri 铁fibrin ** 纤维蛋白fibrin-stabilizing factor , FSF 纤维蛋白稳定因子fibrinogen * 纤维蛋白原fibrinolysis ** 纤维蛋白溶解 ; 纤溶folic acid 叶酸forward typing 正向定型GGlobulin 球蛋白glycoprotein, GP 糖蛋白granulocyte 粒细胞granulocyte- colony stimulating factor, G-CSF 粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte-macrophage- colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF粒 - 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子Hhematocrit ** 血细胞比容hemoglobin, Hb * 血红蛋白hemopoiesis * 造血hemopoietic microenvironment ** 造血微环境hemopoietic stem cells * 造血干细胞hemostasis ** 止血heparin ** 肝素heparin cofactor Ⅱ肝素辅因子Ⅱhereditary spherocytosis 遗传性球形红细胞增多症high molecular weight kininogen, HMWK高分子量激肽原histamine 组胺human leukocyte antigen, HLA ** 人类白细胞抗原5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT 5 - 羟色胺hypoxia 缺氧hypoxia-inducible factors-1, HIF-1 * 低氧诱导因子 - 1 Iinterferon- a , INF- a 干扰素 - ainterleukin, IL 白细胞介素 ; 白介素intrinsic factor ** 内因子intrinsic pathway ** 内源性凝血途径iso-osmotic solution * 等渗溶液isotonic solution * 等张溶液Lleukocyte; white blood cell, WBC * 白细胞leukotrienes, LT 白（细胞）三稀lymphocyte * 淋巴细胞Ma 2 - macroglobulin a 2 - 巨球蛋白macrophage* 巨噬细胞macrophage- colony stimulating factor, M-CSF巨噬细胞集落刺激因子major basic protein , MBP 主要碱性蛋白megakaryocyte * 巨核细胞monocyte * 单核细胞Nnatural killer, NK* 自然杀伤细胞neutrophil * 中性粒细胞Newtonian fluid 牛顿液体Oorthochromatic normoblast 晚幼红细胞osmotic fragility ** 红细胞渗透脆性 ; 脆性osmotic pressure ** 渗透压Pperoxydase 过氧化物酶phagocytosis * 吞噬phosphatidylserine, PS 磷脂酰丝氨酸phospholipase A 2 , PLA 2 磷脂酶 A 2plasma * 血浆plasma proteins * 血浆蛋白plasma thromboplastin 血浆凝血活酶plasma thromboplastin antecedent 血浆凝血活酶前质plasmin ** 纤溶酶 ; 血浆素plasminogen ** 纤维蛋白溶解酶原 ; 纤溶酶原 ; 血浆素原plasminogen activator * 纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, PAI-1 *纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 - 1 plastic deformation ** 可塑变形性platelet; thrombocyte * 血小板platelet adhesion ** 血小板黏附platelet aggregation ** 血小板聚集platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板源生长因子platelet factor 4, PF 4 血小板因子 4platelet factor V, PF 5 血小板因子 Vplatelet release ** 血小板释放platelet secretion ** 血小板分泌polychromatic normoblast 中幼红细胞polymorphonuclear leukocyte * 多形核白细胞precursors * 前体细胞prekalikrein 前激肽释放酶proaccelerin 前加速素易变因子proconvertin 前转变素稳定因子prostacyclin, PGI 2 * 前列环素protein C, PC ** 蛋白质 Cprothrombin 凝血酶原prothrombinase complex ** 凝血酶原酶复合物Rreticulocyte 网织红细胞reverse typing 反向定型rouleaux formation ** 红细胞叠连Sself renewal 自我复制serum ** 血清slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, SAS-A过敏性慢反应物质survival factor 存活因子suspension stability ** 悬浮稳定性Tthrombin ** 凝血酶b -t hromboglobulin b - 血小板球蛋白thrombomodulin, TM ** 凝血酶调节蛋白thrombopoietin, TPO * 血小板生成素thrombospondin 凝血酶敏感蛋白thromboxane A 2 , TXA 2 ** 血栓烷 A 2tenase complex * 因子Ⅹ酶复合物tissue factor, TF * 组织因子tissue factor pathway 组织因子途径tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI **组织因子途径抑制物tissue plasminogen activator, t-PA **组织型纤溶酶原激活物transferrin * 转铁蛋白tumor necrosis factor a , TNF a 肿瘤坏死因子 aUuniversal donor 万能供血者universal recipient 万能受血者Vvascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF血管内皮生长因子viscosity ** 粘度vitamin B 12 维生素 B 12vit amin K 维生素 K第4章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabsolute refractory period, ARP ** 绝对不应期action potential duration ** 动作电位时程adrenomedulin, ADM * 肾上腺髓质素angiotensin Ⅱ , Ang Ⅱ ** 血管紧张素Ⅱangiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE **血管紧张素转换酶angiotensinogen 血管紧张素原antidiuretic hormone,ADH ** 抗利尿激素aortic nerve 主动脉神经arterial baroreceptor ** 动脉压力感受器arterial blood pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉搏arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt * 短路血管atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP ** 心房钠尿肽atrioventricular delay ** 房 - 室延搁autorhythmic cell * 自律细胞autorhythmicity ** 自动节律性 ; 自律性axial flow 轴流axon reflex * 轴突反射Bbaroreceptor reflex ** 压力感受性反射blood flow ** 血流量blood pressure ** 血压blood-brain barrier ** 血 - 脑屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier ** 血 - 脑脊液屏障blood viscosity * 血液粘滞度blood pressure in the capillary 毛细血管血压bradykinin ** 缓激肽brain ischemic response * 脑缺血反应brain natriuretic peptide, BNP * 脑钠尿肽buffer nerve ** 缓冲神经Ccapacitance vessel * 容量血管capillary filtration coefficient * 滤过系数capture * 抢先占领cardiac cycle ** 心动周期cardiac efficiency * 心脏的效率cardiac index ** 心指数cardiac output ** 心输出量cardiac reserve ** 心泵功能储备 ; 心力储备cardiac sympathetic tone * 心交感紧张cardiac vagal tone * 心迷走紧张cardiac working cell * 工作细胞cardiopulmonary receptor ** 心肺感受器cardiovascular center * 心血管中枢cardiovascular reflex * 心血管反射cardiovascular system 心血管系统carotid sinus nerve 颈动脉窦神经caudal ventrolateral medulla, CVLM 延髓尾端腹外侧部central venous pressure ** 中心静脉压cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液chemoreceptor ** 化学感受器chemoreceptor reflex ** 化学感受性反射colloid osmotic pressure of plasma 血浆胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid组织液胶体渗透压compensatory pause ** 代偿性间歇conductivity ** 传导性coronary circulation ** 冠脉循环C-type natriuretic peptide, CNP* C 型钠尿肽Ddelayed rectifier K + current * 延迟整流钾流depressor reflex ** 减压反射diastole ** 舒张期diastolic pressure ** 舒张压distribution vessel * 分配血管Eectopic pacemaker * 异位起搏点edema 水肿effective filtration pressure, EFP ** 有效滤过压effective refractory period, ERP ** 有效不应期ejection fraction ** 射血分数electrocardiogram, ECG ** 心电图end-diastolic pressure * （心室）舒张末期压力end-diastolic volume * （心室）舒张末期容积b -endorphin* b - 内啡肽endothelin, ET * 内皮素endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF *内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictorfactor, EDCF *内皮缩血管因子end-systolic volume 收缩末期容积epinephrine ** 肾上腺素exchange vessel * 交换血管Ffast channel * 快通道fast response action potential * 快反应动作电位fast response cell 快反应细胞filtration ** 滤过Hheart rate ** 心率heart sound ** 心音hemodynamics * 血流动力学heterometric regulation ** 异长调节high pressure receptor * 高压力感受器histamine * 组胺homometric regulation ** 等长调节hydrostatic pressure 静水压hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid组织液静水压Iinotropic state * 变力状态integration pattern 整合型式interstitial fluid 组织液inward rectification * 内向整流inward rectifier K + channel * 内向整流钾通道Kkallidin * 血管舒张素kallikrein* 激肽释放酶kinin * 激肽kininogen 激肽原Llaminar flow 层流latent pacemaker * 潜在起搏点local response period * 局部反应期long lasting calcium current * L 型钙电流long-term regulation 长期调节low pressure receptor * 低压力感受器lymph 淋巴lymphatic system 淋巴管系统Mmaximal repolarization potential * 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure * 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure ** 循环系统平均充盈压metarteriole 后微动脉minute volume * 每分输出量minute work * 每分功 ; 分功membrane responsiveness curve ** 膜反应曲线microcirculation ** 微循环momentum 动量myocardial contractility ** 心肌收缩能力myogenic activity * 肌源性活动NNa + background current * 钠背景电流natriuretic peptide, NP * 钠尿肽negative chronotropic action * 负性变时作用negative dromotropic action * 负性变传导作用negative inotropic action * 负性变力作用Newtonian fluid 牛顿液nitric oxide, NO * 一氧化氮non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿液norepinephrine ** 去甲肾上腺素normal pacemaker ** 正常起搏点nucleus of the tractus solitarius , NTS 孤束核Oopioid peptide * 阿片肽overdrive suppression * 超速驱动压抑Ppacemaker current * 起搏电流parasympathetic vasodilator nerve fiber副交感舒血管神经纤维period of atrial systole * 心房收缩期period of isovolumic contraction ** 等容收缩期period of isovolumic relaxation ** 等容舒张期period of rapid ejection ** 快速射血期period of rapid filling ** 快速充盈期period of slow ejection * 减慢射血期period of slow filling * 减慢充盈期period of ventricular ejection ** 射血期peripheral resistance ** 外周阻力peripheral venous pressure * 外周静脉压phase 4 spontaneous depolarization * 4 期自动去极化phonocardiogram * 心音图plateau ** 平台期Poiseuille's law 泊肃叶定律positive chronotropic action ** 正性变时作用positive dromotropic action ** 正性变传导作用positive inotropic action ** 正性变力作用postcapillary resistance vessel ** 毛细血管后阻力血管precapillary resistance vessel **毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌preferential pathway * 优势传导通路premature excitation * 期前兴奋premature systole ** 期前收缩pressure dieresis 压力性利尿prostacyclin * 前列环素prostaglandin, PG * 前列腺素prostaglandin I 2 , PGI 2 * 前列腺素 I 2 （即前列环素）pulmonary circulation * 肺循环pulse pressure ** 脉搏压 ; 脉压pump current * 泵电流Rreabsorption ** 重吸收relative refractory period, RRP ** 相对不应期renal-body fluid system 肾 - 体液控制系统rennin ** 肾素renin-angiotensin-system, RAS **肾素 - 血管紧张素系统resetting * 重调定resistance of blood flow ** 血流阻力rostral ventrolateral medulla, RVLM * 延髓头端腹外侧部Sshear rate * （血流）切率shear stress 切应力short-term regulation 短期调节sinus rhythm ** 窦性节律slow channel * 慢通道slow response action potential * 慢反应动作电位slow response cell 慢反应细胞specialized conduction system （心内）特殊传导系统staircase phenomenon; treppe 阶梯现象Starling law of the heart ** 心的定律stroke volume ** 每搏输出量 ; 搏出量stroke work ** 每搏功 ; 搏功supranormal period, SNP ** 超常期sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve fiber *交感缩血管神经纤维sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone * 交感缩血管紧张sympathetic vasodilaor nerve fiber 交感舒血管神经纤维systole ** 收缩期systolic pressure ** 收缩压Ttetrodotoxin, TTX 河豚毒thoroughfare channel ** 直捷通路tonus ** 紧张transient outward current * 一过性外向电流transmural pressure * 跨壁压turbulent flow 湍流true capillary 真毛细血管Vvascular system 血管系统vasoconstrictor nerve fiber ** 缩血管神经纤维vasodilator never fiber * 舒血管神经纤维vasomotion * 血管舒缩活动vasomotor nerve fiber 血管运动神经纤维vasopressin, VP ** 血管升压素velocity of blood flow ** 血流速度ventricular compliance * 心室顺应性ventricular function curve ** 心室功能曲线volume conductor 容积导体volume receptor ** 容量感受器WWindkessel vessel ** 弹性储器血管第5章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabdominal breathing** 腹式呼吸abdominal muscle 腹肌airway 气道airway resistance** 气道阻力alveolar dead space** 肺泡无效腔alveolar ventilation** 肺泡通气 ; 肺泡通气量alveolus （复 alveoli ）肺泡anatomical dead space** 解剖无效腔aortic body 主动脉体apnea 呼吸暂停 ; 窒息apneusis 长吸式呼吸area of respiratory membrane 呼吸膜面积arterial blood 动脉血液artificial respiration 人工呼吸Bbaroreceptor 压力感受器bicarbonate ion 碳酸氢根离子Biot breathing 比奥呼吸body position 体位Bohr effect* 波尔效应breathing 呼吸的bronchial 支气管的bronchiole; bronchiolus 细支气管bronchus （复 bronchi ）支气管Ccarbaminohemoglobin* 氨基甲酰血红蛋白carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide dissociation curve* CO2解离曲线carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase* 碳酸酐酶carotid body* 颈动脉体central chemoreceptor ** 中枢化学感受器chemoreceptive reflex** 化学感受性反射chemoreceptor** 化学感受器Cheyne-Stokes breathing 陈 - 施呼吸chloride shift Cl - 转移compliance* 顺应性compliance of chest wall 胸廓的顺应性compliance of lung 肺的顺应性cough reflex * 咳嗽反射cross-sectional area 横截面积cyanosis 紫绀Ddead space* 无效腔deep breathing 深呼吸defensive reflex 防御反射diaphragm 膈肌diffusion 扩散diffusing capacity of lung* 肺扩散容量diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion rate 扩散速率dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline*二棕榈酰卵磷脂2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3 - 二磷酸甘油酸distensibility 可扩张性dorsal respiratory group 背侧呼吸组driving force 驱动力dyspnea* 呼吸困难Eelastic resistance* 弹性阻力emphysema; pneumonectasis 肺气肿eupnea** 平静呼吸exhalation 呼出 ; 呼出物 ; 呼气exhale 呼出 ; 呼气expiration** 呼气expiratory movement 呼气运动expiratory muscle 呼气肌expiratory neuron 呼气神经元expiratory reserve volume** 补呼气量expiratory-inspiratory phase spanning neuron呼气 - 吸气跨时相神经元expired air 呼出气external environment 外环境external intercostals muscle 肋间外肌external respiration 外呼吸Ffibrosis 纤维化forced breathing* 用力呼吸forced expiratory volume** 用力呼气量forced vital capacity* 用力肺活量functional residual capacity**功能余气量 ; 功能残气量Ggas diffusion* 气体扩散gas exchange* 气体交换gas exchange in lungs* 肺换气gas exchange in tissues* 组织换气gas partial pressure* 气体分压gasping 喘息样呼吸gasping center 喘息中枢HHaldane effect* 何尔登效应hemoglobin 血红蛋白Herin g-Breuer reflex* 黑 - 伯反射hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度hypercapnia 高碳酸血hyperventilation 通气过度hypocapnia 低碳酸血hypoventilation 通气不足hypoxemia 低氧血hypoxia 缺氧 ; 低氧hysteresis 滞后现象Iinelastic resistance* 非弹性阻力inertial resistance* 惯性阻力inhalation 吸入（法） ; 吸入剂inhale 吸入 ; 吸气inspiration** 吸气inspiratory capacity** 深吸气量inspiratory movement 吸气运动inspiratory muscle 吸气肌inspiratory neuron 吸气神经元inspiratory reserve volume ** 补吸气量inspiratory-expiratory phase spanning neuron 吸气 -呼气跨时相神经元inspired air 吸入气interface between liquid and gas 液 - 气界面internal intercostals muscle 肋间内肌internal respiration* 内呼吸intrapleural pressure** 胸膜腔内压intrapulmonary pressure** 肺内压Jjuxtacapillary receptor 毛细血管旁感受器Llung 肺Mmaximal voluntary ventilation* 最大随意通气量maximum expiratory flow volume , MEFV *最大呼气流速 - 容积medulla 延髓metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒minute ventilation （ volume ） **每分钟肺通气量Nneonatal respiratory distress syndrome新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征Oobstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足oxidation 氧化oxygen 氧oxygen capacity of blood* 血液氧容量oxygen capacity of Hb** Hb 氧容量oxygen content of blood* 血液氧含量oxygen content of Hb** Hb 氧含量oxygen dissociation curve** 氧解离曲线oxygen saturation of blood* 血液氧饱和度oxygen saturation of Hb** Hb 氧饱和度oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin * 氧合血红蛋白Ppartial pressure 分压partial pressure of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳分压partial pressure of oxygen 氧分压p eripheral chemoreceptor * 外周化学感受器phrenic nerve 膈神经physiological dead space* 生理无效腔pleural cavity 胸膜腔pneumotaxic center* 呼吸调整中枢pneumothorax* 气胸pons 脑桥pontine respiratory group 脑桥呼吸组pre-B tzinger complex 前包钦格复合体pulmonary capacity* 肺容量pulmonary capillary 肺毛细血管pulmonary deflation reflex 肺萎陷反射pulmonary inflation reflex 肺扩张反射pulmonary stretch reflex ** 肺牵张反射pulmonary surfactant** 肺表面活性物质pulmonary ventilation** 肺通气 ; 肺通气量pulmonary volume* 肺容积Rresidual volume** 余气量 ; 残气量respiration; breath; breathe** 呼吸respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory bronchiole; alveolar bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管respiratory center* 呼吸中枢respiratory membrane* 呼吸膜respiratory movement* 呼吸运动respiratory muscle 呼吸肌respiratory neuron 呼吸神经元respiratory rhythm; breathing rhythm* 呼吸节律respiratory tract 呼吸道respiratory-related neuron 呼吸相关神经元restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足Ssneeze reflex* 喷嚏反射specific compliance** 比顺应性static compliance* 静态顺应性surface tension 表面张力surfactant** 表面活性物质surfactant-associated protein 表面活性物质结合蛋白Ttension 张力terminal bronchiole 终末细支气管thickness of respiratory membrane 呼吸膜厚度thoracic breathing* 胸式呼吸thorax 胸 ; 胸廓tidal volume** 潮气量timed vital capacity* 时间肺活量total lung capacity** 肺总量transmural pressure* 跨壁压transport of gas* 气体运输transpulmonary pressure* 跨肺压Vvenous blood 静脉血液ventilation volume* 肺通气量ventilation/perfusion ratio** 通气 / 血流比值ventral respiratory group 腹侧呼吸组viscous resistance* 粘滞阻力vital capacity** 肺活量Wwork of breathing* 呼吸功第6章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabsorption * * 吸收acetylcholine, ACh** 乙酰胆碱adaptive cytoprotection 适应性细胞保护作用adenosine* 腺苷amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation* APUD 细胞apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白atropine 阿托品A uerbach plexus * 欧氏神经丛Bbasic electrical rhythm, BER * * 基本电节律basic secretion* 基础分泌bile ** 胆汁bile pigments 胆色素bile salt ** 胆盐bombesin ** 蛙皮素bradykinin 缓激肽brain-gut peptide* 脑 - 肠肽Brunner gland 十二指肠腺bulbogastrone * 球抑胃素Ccalcium-binding protein, CaBP 钙结合蛋白CCK-releasing peptide, CCK-RP C CK 释放肽cephalic phase* 头期chemical digestion* 化学性消化cholecystokinin, CCK * * 缩胆囊素cholesterol 胆固醇chylomicron * 乳糜微粒chime 食糜chymotrypsin ** 糜蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen * 糜蛋白酶原cimetidine 西咪替丁colipase * 辅脂酶countercurrent exchange mechanism 逆流交换机制cytoprotection* 细胞保护Ddefecation reflex * * 排便反射deglutition 吞咽digestion * * 消化direct cytoprotection 直接细胞保护作用Eelectrogenic sodium pump 生电性钠泵endocrine 内分泌enkephalin 脑啡肽enteric nervous system * 肠神经系统enterochromaffin-like cell, ECL cell 肠嗜铬样细胞entero-gastric reflex * * 肠 - 胃反射enterogastrone ** 肠抑胃素enterohepatic circulation of bile salt **胆盐的肠 - 肝循环enterokinase * * 肠激酶 ; 肠致活酶entero-oxyntin * 肠泌酸素epidermal growth factor, EGF 表皮生长因子extrinsic nervous system * 外来神经系统Ffast wave 快波ferritin 铁蛋白Ggap junction 缝隙连接gastric acid 胃酸gastric emptying * * 胃的排空gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GIP * * 抑胃肽gastric juice** 胃液gastric mucosal barrier* 胃黏膜屏障gastric phase* 胃期gastrin * * 胃泌素gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP ** 胃泌素释放肽gastrointestinal hormone * * 胃肠激素gastrointestinal peptides 胃肠肽glucagons 胰高血糖素gut brain 肠脑Hhelichobacter pylori, Hp 幽门螺杆菌histamine ** 组胺hydrochloric acid, HCl ** 盐酸Iinterstitial Cajal cell, ICC* Cajal 间质细胞intestinal juice; succus entericus 小肠液intestinal phase* 肠期intrinsic factor* 内因子intrinsic nervous system * 内在神经系统LLieberkuhn crypt 小肠腺lower esophageal sphincter, LES* 食管下括约肌Mmass peristalsis* 集团蠕动mastication 咀嚼mechanical digestion* 机械性消化meisser plexus * 麦氏神经丛micelle * 微胶粒microvillus 微绒毛migrating motor complex, MMC* 移行性复合运动mixed micelle * 混合微胶粒mucus * 黏液。
生理学专业词汇
超短反馈 ultra-short-loop feedback
超极化 hyperpolarization
超射 overshoot
超速驱动压抑 overdrive suppression
潮气量 tidal volume
陈-施呼吸 Cheyne-Stokes breathing
等渗溶液 iso-osmotic solution
等张溶液 isotonic solution
等张收缩 isotonic contraction
低常期 subnormal period
递质 transmitter
递质共存 neurotransmitterco-existence
递质门控通道 transmitter-gated ion channel
分泌 secretion
锋电位 spike potential
缝隙连接 gap junction
辐辏反射 convergence reflex
辐散式联系 divergent connection
辐射散热 thermal radiation
负反馈 negative feedback
负后电位 negative after-potential
电紧张电位 electrotonic propagation
电突触 electrical synapse
电压门控通道 voltage-gated ion channel
电压钳 voltage clamp
定比重吸收 constant fraction reabsorption
定向突触 directed synapse
胆盐 bile salt
生理学词汇中英对照
生理学词汇中英对照生理学是生物科学的一个分支，是以生物机体的生命活动现象和机体各个组成部分的功能为研究对象的一门学科。
接下来为大家整理了生理学词汇中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!fibrinolysis 纤溶blood 血，血液blood cell 血细胞blood clot 血凝块blood coagulation 血液凝固blood flow 血流量blood group 血型blood pressure 血压blood transfusion 输血body surface area 体表面积body temperature 体温Bohr effect 玻尔效应bradykinin 缓激肽physiology 生理学absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption 吸收，吸收作用action potential 动作电位activation 激活，活化active reabsorption 主动重吸收active transport 主动运输，主动转运acute experiment 急性实验adaptation 适应adequate stimulus 适宜刺激adrenergic 肾上腺能的adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素受体afterload 后负荷afterpotential 后电位agglutination of erythrocyte 红细胞凝集agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原airway resistance 气道阻力albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白aldosterone 醛固酮alveolar capillary membrane 肺泡-毛细血管膜alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔，肺泡无效腔alveolar fluid 肺泡液体anabolism 同化作用，合成代谢anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔或死腔androgen 雄激素angiotensin 血管紧张素anticoagulation 抗凝antidiuresis 抗利尿aortic body 主动脉体apneustic breathing 长吸式呼吸arch of aorta 主动脉弓arterial pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉?arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt 动静脉短路artificial respiration 人工呼吸atrial systole 心房收缩atrioventricular bundle 房室束audition 听力auditory threshold 听阈automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律automaticity 自律性autonomic nervous system 植物性神经系统，自主神经系autonomic thermoregulation 自主性体温调节autoregulation 自身调节axoplasm 轴浆，轴质baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射basal metabolism 基础代谢behavioral thermoregulation 行为性体温调节bidirectional propagation 双向传导bioelectricity 生物电biphasic action potential 双相动作电位bleeding time 出血时间erythropoietin 红细胞生成素，促红素intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压，胸内压intraspindle muscle 梭内肌intrinsic pathway 内源性途径iodine pump 碘泵ionic channel 离子通道mass peristalsis 集团蠕动maximal acid output 最大胃酸排出量maximum diastolic potential 最大舒张电位maximum repolarizing potential 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压membrane potential 跨膜电位，膜电位metarteriole 后微动脉minute respiratory volume 每分钟通气量motor unit 运动单位myocardial contractility 心肌收缩性negative chronotropic action 负性变时效应negative dromotropic action 负性变传导效应negative inotropic action 负变力效应oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin saturation 血氧饱和度pacemaker 起搏器pacemaker current 起搏电流paracrine 旁分泌passive reabsorption 被动重吸收passive transport 被动运输，被动转运patch clamp 膜片钳pepsin 胃蛋白酶peripheral resistance 外周阻力peristalsis 蠕动permeability 磁导率，通透性permissive action 允许作用photosensory cell 感光细胞physiology 生理学pinocytosis 胞饮作用plasma clearance 血浆清除率plasmin 纤溶酶plasminogen 纤溶酶原，纤维蛋白溶酶原plastic deformation of erythrocyte 红细胞可塑性变形plateau 平台期platelet plug 血小板栓子polarization 极化positive chronotropic action 正性变时效应positive dromotropic action 正性变传导效应positive feedback 正反馈positive inotropic action 正性变力效应preload 前负荷premature systole 期前收缩presynaptic inhibition 突触前抑制primary hemostatic response 初级止血反应proprioceptors 本体感受器prothrombin 凝血酶原pulmonary diffusion capacity 肺扩散容量pulmonary exchange 肺换气pulmonary ventilation 肺通气pulse pressure 脉压pupillary reflex 瞳孔反射Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维Purkinje system 蒲肯野系统rapid ejection phase 快速射血相rapid repolarization 快速复极reduced eye 简化眼reflex 反射reflex arc 反射弧refractoriness 不应性refractory period 不应期relative refractory period 相对不应期renal glucose threshold 肾糖阈renin 肾素repolarization 复极resistance 耐药性，阻力respiratory zone 呼吸带resting potential 静息电位resting state 备用状态rheobase 基强度rhesus monkey 恒河猴，猕猴saltatory conduction 跳跃式传导second message 第二信使secondary active transport 继发性主动转运secondary phase of hemostasis 继发性止血反应secretin 促胰液素secretion 分泌segmentation 分节运动sensation 感觉sense organ 感觉器官sensory coding 感觉编码sensory receptor 感觉器shell temperature 体表温度simple diffusion 简单扩散single twitch 单收缩slow ejection phase 减慢射血相slow wave 慢波somatostatin 生长抑素spasm 痉挛specific conduction system 特殊传导系统spike 刺突，锋电位spontaneous depolarization 自动除极stretch receptors 肺牵张感受器stretch reflex 牵张反射stroke work 搏出功subnormal period 低常期supernormal period 超常期surface activation 表面激活surfactant 表面活性物质synaptic delay 突触延搁synergetic effect 协同作用tension 张力first heart soundsecond heart sound 第二心音thermoregulation 体温调节thoracic respiration 胸式呼吸thoroughfare channel 直捷通路或直通血毛细血管threshold 阈threshold intensity 阈强度threshold potential 阈电位threshold stimulus 阈刺激tissue exchange 组织换气tonic activity 紧张性活动tonic contraction 紧张性收缩。
医学专业英语必备词汇
医学专业英语必备词汇1. Anatomy - 解剖学2. Physiology - 生理学3. Pathology - 病理学4. Pharmacology - 药理学5. Microbiology - 微生物学6. Immunology - 免疫学7. Radiology - 放射学8. Dermatology - 皮肤科学9. Cardiology - 心脏病学10. Gastroenterology - 肠胃病学11. Neurology - 神经病学12. Nephrology - 肾病学13. Hematology - 血液学14. Oncology - 肿瘤学15. Orthopedics - 骨科学16. Ophthalmology - 眼科学17. Obstetrics - 产科学18. Gynecology - 妇科学19. Pediatrics - 小儿科学20. Endocrinology - 内分泌学21. Psychiatry - 精神病学22. Surgery - 外科学23. Anesthesia - 麻醉学24. Radiography - X射线技术25. EKG (Electrocardiogram) - 心电图26. CT Scan (Computerized Tomography) - 计算机断层扫描27. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 磁共振成像28. Ultrasound - 超声波29. Biopsy - 活检30. Diagnosis - 诊断31. Treatment - 治疗32. Prescription - 处方33. Medication - 药物34. Surgery - 手术35. Vaccine - 疫苗36. Epidemic - 流行病37. Pandemic - 大流行病38. Symptom - 症状39. Infection - 感染40. Contagious - 传染性的41. Immunity - 免疫力42. Antibiotic - 抗生素43. Antiviral - 抗病毒药物44. Antiseptic - 杀菌剂45. Anesthesia - 麻醉46. Sterilization - 灭菌47. Rehabilitation - 康复48. Prognosis - 预后49. Chronic - 慢性的50. Acute - 急性的。
医学英语专业词汇表
医学英语专业词汇表医学英语专业词汇表Anatomy(解剖学)Abdomen(腹部)Bone(骨骼)Brain(大脑)Cardiovascular system(心血管系统) Digestive system(消化系统)Muscles(肌肉)Organs(器官)Skeleton(骨架)Skin(皮肤)1.Physiology(生理学)Autonomic nervous system(自主神经系统) Biochemical reactions(生化反应)Cell structure and function(细胞结构与功能) Endocrine system(内分泌系统)Energy metabolism(能量代谢)Fluid balance and circulation(水分平衡与循环) Immune system(免疫系统)Metabolism(新陈代谢)Nervous system(神经系统)Respiration(呼吸)Circulatory system(循环系统)1.Medical Terminology(医学术语)Adrenal gland(肾上腺)Arthritis(关节炎)Asthma(哮喘)Back pain(背痛)Blood pressure(血压)Cancer(癌症)Cardiovascular disease(心血管疾病)Diabetes mellitus(糖尿病)Ear infection(耳部感染)Fever(发热)Heart attack(心肌梗死)Heart disease(心脏病)Influenza(流感)Kidney stones(肾结石)这只是一个简短的医学英语专业词汇表，涵盖了一些基本的医学领域。
如果您想深入学习医学英语，建议您查阅相关的教材、课程和资源。
生理学教学大纲[008]
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生理学专业英语词汇第一章绪论【专业英语词汇】生理学physiology内环境internal environment 神经调节nervous regulation 体液调节humoral regulation 旁分泌paracrine自身调节autoregulation正反馈positive feedback 组织液interstitial fluid稳态homeostasis反射弧reflex arc激素hormone神经分泌neurosecretion, neurocrine 负反馈negative feedback前馈feed-forward第二章细胞的基本功能【专业英语词汇】单纯扩散simple diffusion失活inactivation钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pump 入胞endocytosis 易化扩散facilitated diffusion主动转运active transport出胞exocytosis化学门控通道chemically gated channel跨膜信号转导transmembrane signal transduction电压门控通道voltage-gated channel 促离子型受体ionotrpic receptor 鸟苷酸结合蛋白, G-蛋白g uanine uncleotide-binding protein, G-protein环一磷酸腺苷cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP第二信使second messenger三磷酸肌醇inositol triphosphate, IP3G-蛋白耦联受体G-protein coupled receptor 酪氨酸激酶受体t yrosine kinase receptor兴奋性excitability刺激stimulus阈值threshold动作电位action potential超极化hyperpolarization复极化repolarization锋电位spike potential膜片钳patch clamp相对不应期relative refractory period 局部兴奋local excitation时间性总和temporal summation跳跃式传导saltatory conduction终板电位end-plate potential 磷脂酶C phospholipase C二酰甘油diacylglycerol, DG促代谢型受体metabotropic receptor一氧化氮nitric oxide, NO兴奋excitation阈强度threshold intensity静息电位resting potential极化polarization去极化(除极化) depolarization超射overshoot (potential)“全或无”现象“all or none” phenomenon 绝对不应期absolute refractory period 阈电位threshold (membrane) potential电紧张性扩布electrotonic propagation 空间性总和spatial summation量子式释放quantal release胆碱酯酶cholinesterase滑行理论sliding theory等长收缩isometric contraction 完全强直收缩complete tetanus后负荷afterload长度-张力曲线length-tension curve 乙酰胆碱acetylcholine, ACh兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction coupling 等张收缩isotonic contraction单收缩single twitch前负荷preload初长度initial length(肌肉)收缩能力contractility (of muscle)张力-速度(关系)曲线force velocity (relation) curve 钙调蛋白calmodulin, CaM第三章血液【专业英语词汇】血浆plasma粘滞性viscosity胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure造血微环境hemopoietic microenvironment 血细胞比容hematocrit晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure 渗透脆性osmotic fragility悬浮稳定性suspension stability红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR 集落刺激因子colony stimulating factor, CSF内因子intrinsic factor促红细胞生成素e rythropoietin, EPO血小板粘附thrombocyte adhesion血栓烷A2(血栓素A2) thromboxane A2, TXA2血液凝固blood coagulation凝血因子blood clotting factor外源性凝血extrinsic coagulation纤维蛋白溶解系统fibrinolytic system 爆式促进因子burst promoting actvator,BPA肝素heparin生理性止血physiological hemostasis血小板聚集thrombocyte aggregation 前列环素prostacyclin, PGI2血清serum内源性凝血intrinsic coagulation 凝血酶thrombin纤溶酶原plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物 tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素) plasmin(红细胞)凝集 agglutination凝集素 agglutinin交叉配血试验 cross-match test 血型blood group凝集原agglutinogen人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen, HLA成分输血transfusion of blood components第四章血液循环【专业英语词汇】心动周期cardiac cycle心室舒张期ventricular diastole 快速射血期rapid ejection period 心房收缩期atrial systole等容收缩期isovolumic systole减慢充盈期reduced filling period心音cardiac sound每搏输出量(搏出量) stroke volume output 心输出量cardiac output 心音图phonocardiogram 射血分数ejection fraction 心指数cardiac index心脏作功(量) myocardial work心力储备cardiac reserve传导性conductivity有效不应期effective refractory period 代偿间歇compensatory pause起搏点pacemaker异位心律ectopic rhythm超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression心电图electrocardiogram, ECG 阻力血管resistant vessel容量血管capacitance vessel血流量blood flow血流速度velocity of blood flow顺应性compliance收缩压systolic pressure脉搏压(脉压) pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure 微循环microcirculation直捷通路thoroughfare channel迂回通路circuitous channel重吸收reabsorption缩血管神经纤维v asoconstrictor fiber心血管中枢cardiovascular center压力感受器baroreceptor心肺感受器cardiopulmonary receptor 化学感受器chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器brain osmoreceptor 心室功能曲线ventricular function curve 自动节律性(自律性) autorhythmicity平台(期) plateau期前收缩premature systole起搏离子流pacemaker current窦性心律(normal) sinus rhythm抢先占领capture, preoccupation房-室延搁atrioventricular delay弹性储器血管windkessel vessel毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary resistant vessel短路血管shunt vessel血压blood pressure外周阻力peripheral resistance舒张压diastolic pressure动脉脉搏arterial pulse静脉回心血量venous return毛细血管前括约肌precapillary sphincter动-静脉短路arteriovenous shunt滤过filtration有效滤过压effctive filtration pressure, EFP 舒血管神经纤维vasodilator fiber压力感受性反射baroreceptor reflex缓冲神经buffer nerve容量感受器volume receptor防御反应defence reaction肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system循环系统平均充盈压mean circulatory filling pressure血管紧张素转换酶angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE肾上腺素epinephrine, E, or adrenalone, A去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine, NE, or noradrenalone, NA血管升压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin, VP (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) 血管活性肠肽vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor, EDRF激肽释放酶-激肽系统kallikrein-kinin system血管舒张素kalidin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG冠脉循环coronary circulation血-脑屏障blood-brain barrier, BBB 缓激肽bradykinin心房钠尿肽atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP 组胺histamine腺苷adenosine血-脑脊液屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier第五章呼吸【专业英语名词】呼吸respiration吸气inspiration腹式呼吸abdominal breathing平静呼吸eupn(o)ea,or quiet breathing 呼吸困难dysp(o)nea气胸pneumothorax比顺应性specific compliance气道阻力airway resistance 肺通气pulmonary ventilation 呼气expiration胸式呼吸thoracic breathing用力呼吸forced breathing肺内压intrapulmonary pressure 胸膜腔内压intrapleural pressure肺表面活性物质p ulmonary surfactant潮气量tidal volume, TV补吸气量(吸气储备量) inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补呼气量(呼气储备量) exspiratory reserve volume, ERV功能残气量(功能余气量) functional residual capacity, FRC残气量(余气量) residual volume, RV肺活量vital capacity, VC时间肺活量timed vital capacity肺总量total lung capacity, TLC 解剖无效腔anatomical dead space 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation气体扩散速率diffusion rate of gas氧合oxygenation氧含量oxygen content氧解离曲线 oxygen dissociation curve肺牵张反射pulmonary stretch reflex 深吸气量inspiratory capacity, IC用力肺活量forced vital capacity, FVC用力呼气量forced expiratory volume, FEV 每分通气量minute ventilation volume肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space气体交换gas exchange通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio氧容量oxygen capacity氧饱和度oxygen saturation呼吸调整中枢pneumotaxic center吸气切断机制inspiratory off-switch mechanism第六章消化和吸收【专业英语名词】消化digestion基本电节律basic electrical rhythm, BER 粘膜下神经丛submucosal plexus胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin, CCK抑胃肽gastric inhibitory polypeptide 唾液saliva胃液gastric juice 吸收absorption慢波slow wave肌间神经丛myenteric plexus 胃泌素gastrin胰泌素secretin营养作用trophic action蠕动peristalsis盐酸hydrochloric acid胃蛋白酶原pepsinogen粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障mucus-bicarbonate barrier 假饲sham-feeding胃泌素释放肽gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP 肠-胃反射entero-gastric reflex胃排空gastric emptying胰液pancreatic juice胰脂肪酶lipase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胆汁bile, or gall 胃蛋白酶pepsin生长抑素somatostatin蛙皮素bombesin肠抑胃素enterogastrone容受性舒张receptive relaxation 迷走-迷走反射vago-vagal reflex 胰淀粉酶pancreatic amylase 胰蛋白酶原trypsinogen糜蛋白酶原chymotrypsinogen 肠致活酶enterokinase胆盐bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环e nterohepatic circulation of bile salt排便defection 分节运动segmentation contraction第七章能量代谢和体温【专业英语词汇】能量代谢energy metabolism食物的热价thermal equivalent of food 氧债oxygen debt呼吸商respiratory quotient, RQ氧热价(氧卡价) thermal equivalent of oxygen (caloric value of oxygen)食物特殊动力效应specific dynamic effect of food体温body temperature生物节律biorhythm战栗产热shivering thermogenesis寒冷性肌紧张thermal muscle tone辐射散热thermal radiation对流散热thermal convection不感蒸发(不显汗) insensible perspiration 体温调节regulation of body temperature 热敏神经元warm-sensitive neuron 基础代谢率basal metabolism rate, BMR 昼夜节律circadian rhythm生物钟biologic clock产热heat production, or thermogenesis 散热thermolysis, or body heat loss 传导散热thermal conduction蒸发(散热) evaporation发汗perspiration, or sweating调定点set point冷敏神经元cold-sensitive neuron致热源pyrogen视前区-下丘脑前部preoptic-anterior hypothylamus area, POAH第八章尿的生成和排出【专业英语词汇】尿生成urine formation球旁器(近球小体) juxtaglomerular apparatus 肾血流量renal blood flow肾小球滤过率glomerular filtration rate, GFR 滤过平衡filtration equibibrium分泌secretion 尿排出urine excretion致密斑macula densa管-球反馈tubuloglomerular feedback 滤过分数filtration fraction肾血浆流量renal plasma flow肾糖阈renal glucose threshold尿的浓缩urine concentration渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis定比重吸收constant fraction reabsorption 内移(内化) internalization醛固酮aldosterone菊粉(菊糖) inulin 尿的稀释urine dilution球-管平衡glomerulotubular balance 回漏back leak水利尿water diuresis清除率clearance排尿micturition第九章感觉器官的功能【专业英语词汇】感觉器官sense organ适宜刺激adequate stimulus发生器电位generator potential编码(作用) encoding视觉vision视敏度(视力) visual acuity近点near point眼球会聚convergence of the eyeball 视杆细胞rod晚光觉系统 nightlight perceptive system视锥系统cone system视紫红质rhodopsin视黄醛retinene暗适应dark adaptation视野visual field气传导air conduction螺旋器(柯蒂器) Corti’s organ 感受器receptor换能作用transducer function感受器电位receptor potential适应adaptation简化眼reduced eye(眼的)调节accommodation (of the eye) 瞳孔近反射pupillary near reflex瞳孔对光反射pupillary light reflex视杆系统rod system视锥细胞cone昼光觉系统daylight perceptive system 视蛋白opsin传递蛋白transducin明适应light adaptation听觉audition骨传导bone conduction行波理论travelling wave theory(耳蜗)微音器电位(cochlear) microphonic potential前庭自主神经性反应vestibular autonervous reaction平衡感觉quilibrium sensation嗅觉olfactory sensation, or smell 皮肤感觉cutaneous sensation温度觉temperature sensation 眼震颤nystagmus味觉gustatory sensation, or taste 触-压觉touch and pressure sensation 痛觉pain第十章神经系统的功能【专业英语词汇】神经冲动nerve impulse 神经营养性因子n eurotrophin, NT 顺向轴浆运输anterograde anxoplasmic transport逆向轴浆运输retrograde axoplasmic transport兴奋性突触后电位excitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP突触后抑制 postsynaptic inhibition 突触前易化 presynaptic facilitation 突触前抑制presynaptic inhibition传入侧支性抑制afferent collateral inhibition回返性抑制 recurrent inhibition强直后增强 posttetanic potentiation敏感化sensitization长时程抑制 long-term depression, LTD 可塑性plasticity习惯化habituation长时程增强long-term potentiation, LTP 突触延搁synaptic delay非突触性化学传递non-synaptic chemical transmission电突触传递 electrical synaptic transmission局部神经元回路l ocal neuronal circuit, LNC交互性突触reciprocal synapse神经调质neuromodulator递质共存coexistence of transmitters同源脱敏homologous desensitization 胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiber毒蕈碱样作用muscarine-like action烟碱样作用nicotine-like action肌肉型烟碱受体m uscle-type nicotinic receptor儿茶酚胺catecholamine肾上腺素能纤维a drenergic fiber 局部回路神经元local circuit neuron, LCN串联性突触serial synapse神经递质neurotransmitter调制作用modulation突触前受体presynaptic receptor异源脱敏heterologous desensitization胆碱能受体cholinergic receptor毒蕈碱受体muscarinic receptor烟碱受体nicotinic receptor神经元型烟碱受体neuronal-type nicotinic receptor 多巴胺dopamine, DA肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT or serotonin谷氨酸glutamic acid, or glutamate 非条件反射unconditioned reflex辐散状联系divergence connection后放(后发放) after discharge多突触反射polysynaptic reflex非特异投射系统n on-specificprojection system γ-氨基丁酸γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA 条件反射conditioned reflex聚合状联系convergence connection单突触反射monosynaptic reflex特异投射系统specific projection system 感觉柱sensory column网状结构上行激动系统ascending reticular activating system本体感觉peoprioception皮层诱发电evoked cortical potential 牵涉痛referred pain脑电图electroencephalogram, EEG自发脑电活动spontaneous electric activity of the brain波阻断alpha blocking脑电觉醒electroencephalogram arousal 快波睡眠fast wave sleep, FWS快速眼球运动rapid eye movements, REM 最后公路final common path腱反射tendon reflex肌梭muscle spindle随意运动voluntary movement锥体系pyramidal system脊休克spinal shock屈肌反射flexor reflex去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity翻正反射righting reflex静止性震颤static tremor意向性震颤intention tremor交感神经sympathetic nerve 行为觉醒behavioral arousal慢波睡眠slow wave sleep, SWS 异相睡眠paradoxical sleep, PS 上行抑制系统ascending inhibitory system 牵张反射stretch reflex肌紧张muscle tonus梭内肌纤维intrafusal fiber运动柱motor column锥体外系extrapyramidal system 姿势反射postural reflex对侧伸肌反射crossed extensor reflex 状态反射attitudinal reflex震颤麻痹paralysis agitans舞蹈病chorea小脑性共济失调cerebellar ataxia副交感神经parasympathetic nerve下丘脑调节肽hypothalamus regulatory peptide, HRP边缘系统limbic system情绪反应emotional reaction饱中枢satiety center假怒sham rage奖赏系统reward system惩罚系统punishment system动机motivation操作式条件反射operate conditioned reflex 长时性记忆long term memory失写症agraphia失读症alexia失用症apraxia 本能行为instinctual behavior摄食中枢feeding center格斗-逃避反应fight-flight reaction防御反应区defense zone趋向系统approach system回避系统avoidance system强化reinforcement短时性记忆short term memory运动失语症motor aphasia感觉失语症sensory aphasia一侧优势laterality cerebral dominance 裂脑split brain第十一章内分泌【专业英语词汇】内分泌endocrine自分泌autocrine允许作用permissive action增量调节(上调) up regulation远距分泌telecrine神经激素neurohormone亲和力affinity减量调节(下调) down regulation促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH促性腺激素释放激素gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH生长素释放抑制激素(生长抑素) growth hormone releasing-inhibiting hormone, GHRIH,or somatostatin生长素释放激素growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH催乳素释放抑制因子prolactin releasing-inhibiting factor, PIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放抑制因子melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing-inhibiting factor, MIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放因子melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing factor, MRF促甲状腺激素thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH促卵泡激素follicle stimulating hormone, FSH促黑(素细胞)激素melanophore stimulating hormone, MSH催乳素释放因子prolactin releasing factor, PRF促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropin, ACTH胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor, IGF黄体生成素luteinizing hormone, LH催乳素prolactin, PRL生长素介质somatomedin, SM甲状腺素(四碘甲腺原氨酸) thyroxin, or 3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodoythyronine, T4甲状旁腺激素parathyroid hormone, PTH1,25-二羟胆钙化醇1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol盐皮质激素mineralocorticoid雌二醇estradiol, E2应急反应emergency reaction胰高血糖素glucagon褪黑素melatonin, MT第十二章生殖【专业英语词汇】生殖reproduction睾酮testosterone, T 抑制素inhibin排卵ovulation月经周期menstrual cycle 孕激素progestogen妊娠pregnancy着床implantation 生精作用spermatogenesis雄激素androgen,or androgenic hormone 生卵作用oogenesis月经menstruation雌激素estrogen孕酮progesterone, P受精fertilization分娩parturition人绒毛膜促性腺激素human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG。
最新植物生理专业英语
植物生理学常见专业词汇plant physiology 植物生理学 mesophyll 叶肉细胞 cuticle 角质层 upper epidermis 上表皮 dermal tissue 表皮组织 palisade parenchyma 栅栏组织 palisade 栅栏细胞层parenchyma 薄壁组织 ground tissue 基本组织 bundle sheath parenchyma 维管束鞘vascular tissues 维管组织 xylem 木质部 phloem 韧皮部 lower epidermis 下表皮guard cell 保卫细胞 stomata 气孔 spongy mesophyll 海绵组织 compound middle lamella 中胶层 mitochodrion 线粒体 primary cell wall 初生细胞壁 plasma membrane 细胞膜 middle lamella 中胶层 peroxisome 过氧化物酶体 vacuole 液泡 tonoplast 液泡膜 nucleus 核 nuclear envelope 核膜 nucleolus 核仁 chromatin 染色质 ribosome 核糖体 rough endoplasmic reticulum 粗面内质网 smooth endoplasmic reticulum 光面内质网 Golgi body 高尔基体 chloroplast 叶绿体 intercelular 细胞间隙 protoplast 原生质体 phospholipid 磷脂 polar versus nonpopar 两极性 integral protein 内在蛋白 peripheral protein 外在蛋白 anchored protein 锚定蛋白 cytoplasm 细胞质cytosol 细胞质基质 plastid 质体 chromoplast 有色体 leucoplast 白色体 amyloplast 淀粉体 grana 基粒 stroma 基质 plasmodesmata 胞间连丝 symplast 共质体 apolast 质外体 matrix 基质 crista 嵴 microbody 微体 Glyoxysome 乙醛酸体 crytaline core 晶体核 lysosome 溶酶体 water metabolism 水分代谢 bound water 束缚水 free water 自由水 water potential 水势 osmotic pressure 渗透势 solute potential 溶质势pressure potential 压力势 plasmolysis 质壁分离 sucrose solution 蔗糖溶液imbibtion 吸胀 metabolic absorpotion of water 代谢性吸水 aquaporin or water channel protein 水孔蛋白 active absorption of water 主动吸水 Casparian strip 凯氏带 cortex 皮层 permanent wilting coefficient 永久萎蔫系数 transpiration 蒸腾作用 transpiration rate 蒸腾速率 transpiration ratio 蒸腾效率 tanspiration coefficient 蒸腾系数 small pore diffusion law 小孔律 cohesion theory 内聚力学说soil-plant-atmosphere continuum SPAC 土壤-植物-大气连续体系 mineral nutrition 矿质营养 mineral element 灰分元素或矿质元素 solution culture method 溶液培养法sand culture method 砂基培养法 aeroponics 气载法 passive absorption 被动运输active absorption 主动吸收 pinocytosis 胞饮作用 channel protein 通道蛋白 carrier protein 载体蛋白 simple diffusion 简单扩散 voltage sensing region 电压感应区pore-forming region 孔区 patch clamp 膜片钳技术 mediated diffusion 协助扩散ATPase ATP 酶 cotransport 共转运 symport 共向运输 antiport 反向运输 saturation effect 饱和效应 ion competition 离子竞争 selective absorption 选择性吸收physiologically alkaline salt 生理碱性盐 physiologically acid salt 生理酸性盐physiologically neutral salt 生理中性盐 toxicity of single salt 单毒害 ion antagonism 离子拮抗 balanced solution 平衡溶液 foliar nutrition 叶片营养 nitrae reductase NR 硝酸还原酶 nitrite reductase NiR 亚硝酸还原酶 induced enzyme 诱导酶gluamate dehydrogenase GDH 谷氨酸脱氢酶 glutamine synthetase GS 谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine-oxoglutamate aminotransferase GOGAT 谷氨酸合成酶 NADPH-GOGAT 植物叶绿体、微生物中的形式 Fdred-GOGAT 光合生物、植物叶绿体中的形式 Azotobacter 固氮菌属Clostridium 梭菌属 Nostoc 念珠藻 Anabaena 鱼腥藻 Rhizobium 根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobi-um 慢生根瘤菌属 Sinorhizobium 中华根瘤菌属 Azorhizobium 固氮根瘤菌属 Mesorhizobium 中慢生根瘤菌属 nitrogenase 固氮酶 photosynthesis 光合作用Carbon assimilation 碳素同化 heterotrophic cells 异养细胞 carbohydrate 碳水化合物 chlorophyll 叶绿素 Carotenoid 类胡萝卜素 solar spectrum 太阳光谱 ground state 基态 higher excied state 较高的激发态 lower excited state 较低的激发态 energy transfer 能量传递 fluorescence 荧光 reaction center 作用中心 photosynthetic unit 光合单位 red drop 红降 quantumyield 量子产额 photosynthetic chain 光合链 state transition 状态转变 membrane heterogeneity 膜异质性 photoinhibition 光抑制 the Xanthophyll cycle 叶黄素循环 C assimilation C 同化 oxaloacetate 草酰乙酸盐crassulacean acid metabolism 景天酸代谢途径 photorespiration 光呼吸photosynthetic rate 光合速率 net assimilation rate NAR 净同化率 photosynthetic production rate 光合生产率 compensation point 补偿点 biological yield 生物产量economic yield 经济产量 harvest index efficiency for solar energy utilization 光能利用率molecule 分子à molecularcell à cellularamino à amino acids (氨基酸)protein 蛋白质enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as ca talysts in specific biochemical reactions) catalyst 催化剂chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Clphotosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis)à photosyntheticbotany 植物学 (＜＞ zoology)à botanist, botanicalflora 植物群bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.) 海藻herb à herbal: ~ teaà herbicide (^ insecticide, pes ticide)carnation 康乃馨à reincarnationfade 凋谢，褪色organism 机体，组织? organevolution 进化 (? evolve)anthropoid 类人猿(“anthrop”: humankind)~ anthropology, philant hropyv.s. ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene 基因^ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)~ genome (基因组)genetics 遗传学 (à genetical)identical 同一的~ identity (à ID card)^ clone mutation 突变 gene mutationà mutable, immutable, mutant predator 捕食者 (＜＞ prey)embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽的)butterfly v.s. moth^ dragonfly, fireflypollen 花粉传粉à pollinate, pollination hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)anatomy 解剖，剖析paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize) pancreas 胰hormone 荷尔蒙，激素cholesterol 胆固醇efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness。
医学专业英语词汇：全面掌握
医学专业英语词汇：全面掌握医学专业英语词汇对于医学研究和研究非常重要。
全面掌握医学专业英语词汇可以帮助我们更好地理解和应用医学知识。
以下是一些常用的医学专业英语词汇，供参考：1. Anatomy（解剖学）: The study of the structure and organization of the human body.2. Physiology（生理学）: The study of how the body functions and the processes that occur within it.3. Pathology（病理学）: The study of diseases and the changes that occur in the body as a result of illness.4. Pharmacology（药理学）: The study of drugs and their effects on the body.5. Diagnosis（诊断）: The identification of a disease or condition based on symptoms, medical tests, and patient history.6. Treatment（治疗）: The medical care provided to a patient to improve their health or alleviate symptoms.7. Surgery（外科手术）: The branch of medicine that involves using manual or instrumental techniques to treat diseases or injuries through operative procedures.8. Radiology（放射学）: The use of medical imaging techniques, such as X-rays or MRI, to diagnose and treat diseases.9. Pediatrics（儿科学）: The branch of medicine that focuses on the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.10. Obstetrics and Gynecology（产科学和妇科学）: The branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the female reproductive system.以上是一些医学专业英语词汇的简要介绍，希望对你的医学研究有所帮助。
生理学英语专业单词
《生理学》英语专业单词第一章绪论内环境internal environment稳态homeostasis负反馈negative feedback正反馈positive feedback第二章细胞的基本功能原发性主动转运primary active transport 继发性主动转运secondary active transport 静息电位resting potential，RP极化polarization超极化hyperpolarization去极化depolarization复极化repolarization动作电位action potential，AP阈电位threshold potential，TP兴奋性excitability第三章血液红细胞erythrocyte白细胞leukocyte血小板thrombocyte 血细胞比容hematocrit红细胞的悬浮稳定性suspension stability红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR 生理性止血physiological hemostasis血液凝固blood coagulation凝血因子clotting factor血型blood group第四章循环系统心电图electrocardiogram，ECG心动周期cardiac cycle搏出量stroke volume，SV每分心输出量minute volume心输出量cardiac output，CO心指数cardiac index射血分数ejection fraction心力储备cardiac reserve收缩压systolic pressure舒张压diastolic pressure脉搏压pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure，CVP第五章呼吸生理肺通气pulmonary ventilation 潮气量tidal volume，TV肺活量vital capacity，VC用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC 用力呼气量forced expiratory volume，FEV解剖无效腔anatomical dead space肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space生理无效腔physiological dead space肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation肺通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio波尔效应Bohr effect何尔登效应Haldane effect第六章消化与吸收消化digestion吸收absorption容受性舒张receptive relaxation胃排空gastric emptying第七章能量代谢和体温基础代谢basal metabolism基础代谢率basal metabolic rate，BMR 体温body temperature发汗sweating第八章尿的生成和排出肾小球滤过率glomerular filtration rate，GFR滤过分数filtration fraction，FF肾糖阈renal glucose thredhold渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis水利尿water diuresis第九章感觉器官(感受器的)适宜刺激adequate stimulus(感受器的)换能作用transducer function (感受器的)适应adaptation近点near point暗适应dark adaptation明适应light adaptation第十章神经系统兴奋性突触后电位excitatory postsynaptic potential，EPSP抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potential，IPSP神经递质neurotransmitter受体receptor配体ligand牵涉痛referred pain脊休克spinal shock牵张反射stretch reflex腱反射tendon reflex肌紧张muscle tonus去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity第一信号系统first signal system第二信号系统second signal system脑电图electroencephalogram，EEG第十一章内分泌系统激素hormone允许作用permissive action远距分泌telecrine神经分泌neurocrine碘阻滞效应Wolff-Chaikoff effect 应激stress应激反应stress response应急反应emergency reaction第十二章生殖卵巢周期ovarian cycle排卵ovulation月经menstruation月经周期menstrual cycle。
生理学专业英语词汇
第一章绪论【专业英语词汇】生理学physiology内环境internal environment 神经调节nervous regulation 体液调节humoral regulation 旁分泌paracrine自身调节autoregulation正反馈positive feedback 组织液interstitial fluid稳态homeostasis反射弧reflex arc激素hormone神经分泌neurosecretion, neurocrine 负反馈negative feedback前馈feed-forward第二章细胞的基本功能【专业英语词汇】单纯扩散simple diffusion失活inactivation钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pump 入胞endocytosis 易化扩散facilitated diffusion主动转运active transport出胞exocytosis化学门控通道chemically gated channel跨膜信号转导transmembrane signal transduction电压门控通道voltage-gated channel促离子型受体ionotrpic receptor 鸟苷酸结合蛋白, G-蛋白guanine uncleotide-binding protein, G-protein环一磷酸腺苷cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP第二信使second messenger三磷酸肌醇inositol triphosphate, IP3 G-蛋白耦联受体G-protein coupled receptor 酪氨酸激酶受体tyrosine kinase receptor兴奋性excitability刺激stimulus阈值threshold动作电位action potential超极化hyperpolarization复极化repolarization锋电位spike potential膜片钳patch clamp相对不应期relative refractory period 局部兴奋local excitation时间性总和temporal summation跳跃式传导saltatory conduction终板电位end-plate potential胆碱酯酶cholinesterase滑行理论sliding theory等长收缩isometric contraction完全强直收缩complete tetanus后负荷afterload长度-张力曲线length-tension curve 磷脂酶C phospholipase C二酰甘油diacylglycerol, DG促代谢型受体metabotropic receptor一氧化氮nitric oxide, NO兴奋excitation阈强度threshold intensity静息电位resting potential极化polarization去极化(除极化)depolarization超射overshoot (potential)“全或无”现象“all or none” phenomenon绝对不应期absolute refractory period阈电位threshold (membrane) potential电紧张性扩布electrotonic propagation空间性总和spatial summation量子式释放quantal release乙酰胆碱acetylcholine, ACh兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction coupling等张收缩isotonic contraction单收缩single twitch前负荷preload初长度initial length(肌肉)收缩能力contractility (of muscle)张力-速度(关系)曲线force velocity (relation) curve 钙调蛋白calmodulin, CaM第三章血液【专业英语词汇】血浆plasma粘滞性viscosity胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure造血微环境hemopoietic microenvironment 血细胞比容hematocrit晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure 渗透脆性osmotic fragility悬浮稳定性suspension stability红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR 集落刺激因子colony stimulating factor, CSF内因子intrinsic factor促红细胞生成素erythropoietin, EPO血小板粘附thrombocyte adhesion血栓烷A2(血栓素A2) thromboxane A2, TXA2血液凝固blood coagulation凝血因子blood clotting factor外源性凝血extrinsic coagulation纤维蛋白溶解系统fibrinolytic system 爆式促进因子burst promoting actvator,BPA肝素heparin生理性止血physiological hemostasis血小板聚集thrombocyte aggregation 前列环素prostacyclin, PGI2血清serum内源性凝血intrinsic coagulation凝血酶thrombin纤溶酶原plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物 tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素) plasmin(红细胞)凝集 agglutination凝集素 agglutinin交叉配血试验 cross-match test 血型blood group凝集原agglutinogen人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen, HLA成分输血transfusion of blood components第四章血液循环【专业英语词汇】心动周期cardiac cycle心室舒张期ventricular diastole 快速射血期rapid ejection period 心音cardiac sound每搏输出量(搏出量)stroke volume output 心输出量cardiac output 心房收缩期atrial systole等容收缩期isovolumic systole减慢充盈期reduced filling period 心音图phonocardiogram射血分数ejection fraction心指数cardiac index心脏作功(量)myocardial work心力储备cardiac reserve传导性conductivity有效不应期effective refractory period 代偿间歇compensatory pause起搏点pacemaker异位心律ectopic rhythm超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression心电图electrocardiogram, ECG 阻力血管resistant vessel容量血管capacitance vessel血流量blood flow血流速度velocity of blood flow顺应性compliance收缩压systolic pressure脉搏压(脉压)pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure 微循环microcirculation直捷通路thoroughfare channel迂回通路circuitous channel重吸收reabsorption缩血管神经纤维vasoconstrictor fiber心血管中枢cardiovascular center压力感受器baroreceptor心肺感受器cardiopulmonary receptor 化学感受器chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器brain osmoreceptor 心室功能曲线ventricular function curve 自动节律性(自律性)autorhythmicity平台(期)plateau期前收缩premature systole起搏离子流pacemaker current窦性心律(normal) sinus rhythm抢先占领capture, preoccupation房-室延搁atrioventricular delay弹性储器血管windkessel vessel毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary resistant vessel短路血管shunt vessel血压blood pressure外周阻力peripheral resistance舒张压diastolic pressure动脉脉搏arterial pulse静脉回心血量venous return毛细血管前括约肌precapillary sphincter动-静脉短路arteriovenous shunt滤过filtration有效滤过压effctive filtration pressure, EFP 舒血管神经纤维vasodilator fiber压力感受性反射baroreceptor reflex缓冲神经buffer nerve容量感受器volume receptor防御反应defence reaction肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system循环系统平均充盈压mean circulatory filling pressure血管紧张素转换酶angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE肾上腺素epinephrine, E, or adrenalone, A去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine, NE, or noradrenalone, NA血管升压素(抗利尿激素)vasopressin, VP (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)血管活性肠肽vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor, EDRF激肽释放酶-激肽系统kallikrein-kinin system血管舒张素kalidin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG冠脉循环coronary circulation血-脑屏障blood-brain barrier, BBB 缓激肽bradykinin心房钠尿肽atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP 组胺histamine腺苷adenosine血-脑脊液屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier第五章呼吸【专业英语名词】七队生理资料呼吸respiration吸气inspiration腹式呼吸abdominal breathing平静呼吸eupn(o)ea,or quiet breathing 呼吸困难dysp(o)nea气胸pneumothorax比顺应性specific compliance气道阻力airway resistance 肺通气pulmonary ventilation 呼气expiration胸式呼吸thoracic breathing用力呼吸forced breathing肺内压intrapulmonary pressure 胸膜腔内压intrapleural pressure肺表面活性物质pulmonary surfactant潮气量tidal volume, TV补吸气量(吸气储备量)inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补呼气量(呼气储备量)exspiratory reserve volume, ERV功能残气量(功能余气量)functional residual capacity, FRC残气量(余气量)residual volume, RV肺活量vital capacity, VC时间肺活量timed vital capacity肺总量total lung capacity, TLC 解剖无效腔anatomical dead space 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation气体扩散速率diffusion rate of gas氧合oxygenation氧含量oxygen content氧解离曲线oxygen dissociation curve肺牵张反射pulmonary stretch reflex 深吸气量inspiratory capacity, IC用力肺活量forced vital capacity, FVC用力呼气量forced expiratory volume, FEV 每分通气量minute ventilation volume肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space气体交换gas exchange通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio氧容量oxygen capacity氧饱和度oxygen saturation呼吸调整中枢pneumotaxic center吸气切断机制inspiratory off-switch mechanism第六章消化和吸收【专业英语名词】消化digestion基本电节律basic electrical rhythm, BER 粘膜下神经丛submucosal plexus胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin, CCK抑胃肽gastric inhibitory polypeptide 唾液saliva胃液gastric juice 吸收absorption慢波slow wave肌间神经丛myenteric plexus 胃泌素gastrin胰泌素secretin营养作用trophic action蠕动peristalsis盐酸hydrochloric acid胃蛋白酶原pepsinogen粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障mucus-bicarbonate barrier 假饲sham-feeding胃泌素释放肽gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP 肠-胃反射entero-gastric reflex胃排空gastric emptying胰液pancreatic juice胰脂肪酶lipase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胆汁bile, or gall 胃蛋白酶pepsin生长抑素somatostatin蛙皮素bombesin肠抑胃素enterogastrone容受性舒张receptive relaxation 迷走-迷走反射vago-vagal reflex 胰淀粉酶pancreatic amylase 胰蛋白酶原trypsinogen糜蛋白酶原chymotrypsinogen 肠致活酶enterokinase胆盐bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation of bile salt排便defection分节运动segmentation contraction 第七章能量代谢和体温【专业英语词汇】能量代谢energy metabolism食物的热价thermal equivalent of food 氧债oxygen debt呼吸商respiratory quotient, RQ氧热价(氧卡价)thermal equivalent of oxygen (caloric value of oxygen)食物特殊动力效应specific dynamic effect of food体温body temperature生物节律biorhythm战栗产热shivering thermogenesis寒冷性肌紧张thermal muscle tone辐射散热thermal radiation对流散热thermal convection不感蒸发(不显汗)insensible perspiration体温调节regulation of body temperature热敏神经元warm-sensitive neuron 基础代谢率basal metabolism rate, BMR 昼夜节律circadian rhythm生物钟biologic clock产热heat production, or thermogenesis 散热thermolysis, or body heat loss 传导散热thermal conduction蒸发(散热)evaporation发汗perspiration, or sweating调定点set point冷敏神经元cold-sensitive neuron致热源pyrogen视前区-下丘脑前部preoptic-anterior hypothylamus area, POAH 第八章尿的生成和排出【专业英语词汇】尿生成urine formation球旁器(近球小体)juxtaglomerular apparatus 肾血流量renal blood flow肾小球滤过率glomerular filtration rate, GFR 滤过平衡filtration equibibrium分泌secretion尿的浓缩urine concentration渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis定比重吸收constant fraction reabsorption 内移(内化)internalization醛固酮aldosterone菊粉(菊糖)inulin 尿排出urine excretion致密斑macula densa管-球反馈tubuloglomerular feedback 滤过分数filtration fraction肾血浆流量renal plasma flow肾糖阈renal glucose threshold尿的稀释urine dilution球-管平衡glomerulotubular balance 回漏back leak水利尿water diuresis清除率clearance排尿micturition第九章感觉器官的功能【专业英语词汇】七队生理资料感觉器官sense organ适宜刺激adequate stimulus发生器电位generator potential编码(作用)encoding视觉vision视敏度(视力)visual acuity近点near point眼球会聚convergence of the eyeball 视杆细胞rod晚光觉系统nightlight perceptive system视锥系统cone system视紫红质rhodopsin视黄醛retinene暗适应dark adaptation视野visual field气传导air conduction螺旋器(柯蒂器)Corti’s organ 感受器receptor换能作用transducer function感受器电位receptor potential适应adaptation简化眼reduced eye(眼的)调节accommodation (of the eye)瞳孔近反射pupillary near reflex瞳孔对光反射pupillary light reflex视杆系统rod system视锥细胞cone昼光觉系统daylight perceptive system 视蛋白opsin传递蛋白transducin明适应light adaptation听觉audition骨传导bone conduction行波理论travelling wave theory(耳蜗)微音器电位(cochlear) microphonic potential前庭自主神经性反应vestibular autonervous reaction平衡感觉quilibrium sensation嗅觉olfactory sensation, or smell 皮肤感觉cutaneous sensation温度觉temperature sensation 眼震颤nystagmus味觉gustatory sensation, or taste 触-压觉touch and pressure sensation 痛觉pain第十章神经系统的功能【专业英语词汇】神经冲动nerve impulse神经营养性因子neurotrophin, NT 顺向轴浆运输anterograde anxoplasmic transport逆向轴浆运输retrograde axoplasmic transport兴奋性突触后电位excitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP突触后抑制postsynaptic inhibition突触前易化presynaptic facilitation回返性抑制recurrent inhibition强直后增强posttetanic potentiation敏感化sensitization长时程抑制long-term depression, LTD 突触前抑制 presynaptic inhibition传入侧支性抑制 afferent collateral inhibition 可塑性 plasticity习惯化 habituation长时程增强 long-term potentiation, LTP 突触延搁 synaptic delay非突触性化学传递non-synaptic chemical transmission电突触传递electrical synaptic transmission局部神经元回路local neuronal circuit, LNC交互性突触reciprocal synapse神经调质neuromodulator递质共存coexistence of transmitters同源脱敏homologous desensitization胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiber毒蕈碱样作用muscarine-like action烟碱样作用nicotine-like action肌肉型烟碱受体muscle-type nicotinic receptor儿茶酚胺catecholamine肾上腺素能纤维adrenergic fiber 局部回路神经元local circuit neuron, LCN串联性突触 serial synapse神经递质 neurotransmitter调制作用 modulation突触前受体 presynaptic receptor异源脱敏 heterologous desensitization胆碱能受体 cholinergic receptor毒蕈碱受体 muscarinic receptor烟碱受体 nicotinic receptor神经元型烟碱受体neuronal-type nicotinic receptor 多巴胺 dopamine, DA肾上腺素能受体 adrenergic receptor5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT or serotonin谷氨酸glutamic acid, or glutamate 非条件反射unconditioned reflex辐散状联系divergence connection后放(后发放)after discharge多突触反射polysynaptic reflex非特异投射系统non-specificprojection system γ-氨基丁酸γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA 条件反射conditioned reflex聚合状联系convergence connection单突触反射monosynaptic reflex特异投射系统specific projection system 感觉柱sensory column网状结构上行激动系统ascending reticular activating system本体感觉peoprioception皮层诱发电evoked cortical potential 牵涉痛referred pain脑电图electroencephalogram, EEG自发脑电活动spontaneous electric activity of the brainα波阻断alpha blocking脑电觉醒electroencephalogram arousal 快波睡眠fast wave sleep, FWS快速眼球运动rapid eye movements, REM 最后公路final common path腱反射tendon reflex肌梭muscle spindle随意运动voluntary movement锥体系pyramidal system脊休克spinal shock屈肌反射flexor reflex去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity翻正反射righting reflex静止性震颤static tremor意向性震颤intention tremor交感神经sympathetic nerve 行为觉醒behavioral arousal慢波睡眠slow wave sleep, SWS 异相睡眠paradoxical sleep, PS 上行抑制系统ascending inhibitory system 牵张反射stretch reflex肌紧张muscle tonus梭内肌纤维intrafusal fiber运动柱motor column锥体外系extrapyramidal system 姿势反射postural reflex对侧伸肌反射crossed extensor reflex 状态反射attitudinal reflex震颤麻痹paralysis agitans舞蹈病chorea小脑性共济失调cerebellar ataxia副交感神经parasympathetic nerve下丘脑调节肽hypothalamus regulatory peptide, HRP边缘系统limbic system本能行为instinctual behavior七队生理资料情绪反应emotional reaction饱中枢satiety center假怒sham rage奖赏系统reward system惩罚系统punishment system动机motivation操作式条件反射operate conditioned reflex 长时性记忆long term memory失写症agraphia失读症alexia失用症apraxia 摄食中枢feeding center格斗-逃避反应fight-flight reaction防御反应区defense zone趋向系统approach system回避系统avoidance system强化reinforcement短时性记忆short term memory运动失语症motor aphasia感觉失语症sensory aphasia一侧优势laterality cerebral dominance 裂脑split brain第十一章内分泌【专业英语词汇】内分泌endocrine自分泌autocrine允许作用permissive action增量调节(上调)up regulation远距分泌telecrine神经激素neurohormone亲和力affinity减量调节(下调)down regulation促甲状腺激素释放激素 thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH促性腺激素释放激素 gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH生长素释放抑制激素(生长抑素)growth hormone releasing-inhibiting hormone, GHRIH,or somatostatin生长素释放激素growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH催乳素释放抑制因子 prolactin releasing-inhibiting factor, PIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放抑制因子melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing-inhibiting factor, MIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放因子melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing factor, MRF促甲状腺激素thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH促卵泡激素follicle stimulating hormone, FSH促黑(素细胞)激素melanophore stimulating hormone, MSH催乳素释放因子 prolactin releasing factor, PRF促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropin, ACTH胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor, IGF黄体生成素luteinizing hormone, LH催乳素prolactin, PRL生长素介质somatomedin, SM甲状腺素(四碘甲腺原氨酸)thyroxin, or 3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodoythyronine, T4甲状旁腺激素parathyroid hormone, PTH1,25-二羟胆钙化醇1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol盐皮质激素mineralocorticoid雌二醇estradiol, E2应急反应emergency reaction胰高血糖素glucagon褪黑素melatonin, MT第十二章生殖【专业英语词汇】生殖reproduction睾酮testosterone, T 抑制素inhibin排卵ovulation月经周期menstrual cycle 孕激素progestogen妊娠pregnancy着床implantation 生精作用spermatogenesis雄激素androgen,or androgenic hormone 生卵作用oogenesis月经menstruation雌激素estrogen孕酮progesterone, P受精fertilization分娩parturition人绒毛膜促性腺激素human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG。
精选医学专业英语词汇大全
精选医学专业英语词汇大全1. Anatomy (解剖学)- Abdomen: 腹部- Brain: 大脑- Heart: 心脏- Kidney: 肾脏- Liver: 肝脏- Lungs: 肺- Stomach: 胃- Spine: 脊柱2. Physiology (生理学)- Blood pressure: 血压- Digestion: 消化- Respiration: 呼吸- Circulation: 循环- Metabolism: 新陈代谢- Hormones: 激素- Nervous system: 神经系统- Immune system: 免疫系统3. Diseases and Conditions (疾病与病况) - Diabetes: 糖尿病- Cancer: 癌症- Asthma: 哮喘- Hypertension: 高血压- Arthritis: 关节炎- Depression: 抑郁症- Obesity: 肥胖症- Pneumonia: 肺炎4. Medical Procedures (医疗程序)- Surgery: 手术- X-ray: X射线- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): 磁共振成像- Blood test: 血液检查- Vaccination: 疫苗接种- Dialysis: 透析- Chemotherapy: 化疗5. Medical Specialties (医学专科) - Cardiology: 心脏病学- Dermatology: 皮肤科- Gastroenterology: 胃肠病学- Neurology: 神经学- Psychiatry: 精神病学- Obstetrics and Gynecology: 妇产科- Orthopedics: 骨科- Pediatrics: 儿科6. Medical Instruments (医疗器械) - Stethoscope: 听诊器- Thermometer: 温度计- Sphygmomanometer: 血压计- Scalpel: 解剖刀- Syringe: 注射器- Electrocardiograph: 心电图仪- Ultrasound machine: 超声波机- Endoscope: 内窥镜以上是一份精选医学专业英语词汇大全，涵盖了解剖学、生理学、疾病与病况、医疗程序、医学专科和医疗器械等方面的词汇。
医学英语专业术语整理
医学英语专业术语整理在医学领域，准确理解和运用专业术语至关重要。
这些术语不仅是医疗工作者之间交流的重要工具，也是患者获取准确医疗信息的关键。
下面为大家整理了一些常见的医学英语专业术语。
一、解剖学相关术语1、 Anatomy（解剖学）：研究生物体结构的学科。
2、 Skeleton（骨骼）：构成身体框架的硬组织。
3、 Skull（颅骨）：保护大脑的骨头结构。
4、 Ribs（肋骨）：胸部的骨头，保护胸腔内的器官。
5、 Vertebra（脊椎骨）：组成脊柱的骨头。
6、 Pelvis（骨盆）：连接下肢和躯干的骨骼结构。
二、生理学相关术语1、 Physiology（生理学）：研究生物体功能的学科。
2、 Circulation（血液循环）：血液在体内的流动。
3、Respiration（呼吸）：生物体吸入氧气和排出二氧化碳的过程。
4、 Digestion（消化）：将食物分解为可吸收的营养物质的过程。
5、 Metabolism（新陈代谢）：生物体维持生命活动所进行的各种化学反应。
三、病理学相关术语1、 Pathology（病理学）：研究疾病的原因、机制和变化的学科。
2、 Infection（感染）：病原体侵入生物体引起的疾病。
3、 Inflammation（炎症）：身体对损伤或感染的反应。
4、 Tumor（肿瘤）：异常细胞的增生形成的肿块。
5、 Cancer（癌症）：恶性肿瘤，具有侵袭性和转移性。
四、药理学相关术语1、Pharmacology（药理学）：研究药物与生物体相互作用的学科。
2、 Drug（药物）：用于治疗、预防或诊断疾病的物质。
3、 Dosage（剂量）：药物使用的量。
4、 Side effect（副作用）：药物治疗产生的非预期的不良反应。
5、 Antibiotic（抗生素）：用于杀灭或抑制细菌生长的药物。
五、诊断学相关术语1、 Diagnosis（诊断）：确定疾病的过程。
2、 Symptom（症状）：患者自己感觉到的身体异常。
生理学专业英语词汇
《生理学》专业英语词汇第一章绪论1．内环境（internal environment）2．稳态（homeostasis）3．反射（reflex）4．负反馈（negative feedback）5．正反馈（positive feedback）6. 神经调节（nervous regulation）7. 体液调节( humoral regulation )8. 自身调节（autoregulation）第二章细胞的基本功能1．钠泵（sodium pump）2．静息电位（resting potential，RP）3．动作电位（action potential，AP）4．极化（polarization）5．超极化（hyperpolarization）6．去极化（depolarization）7．复极化（repolarization）8．阈强度（threshold tensen）9．阈电位（threshold potential，TP）10．局部电位（local potential）第三章血液1．血细胞比容（hematocrit）2．红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR）3．血型（blood group）4．血液凝固（blood coagulation）5．促红细胞生成素（erythropoietin, EPO）第四章血液循环1．心动周期（cardiac cycle）2．搏出量（stroke volume，SV）3．射血分数（ejection fraction）4．心输出量（cardiac output，CO）5．心指数（cardiac index）6．心力储备（cardiac reserve）7．房-室延搁（atrioventricular delay）8．收缩压（systolic pressure，SP）9．舒张压（diastolic pressure，DP）10．中心静脉压（central venous pressure，CVP）11．肾素（renin）第五章呼吸1．潮气量（tidal volume，TV）2．肺活量（vital capacity，VC）3．用力肺活量（forced vital capacity，FVC）4．解剖无效腔（anatomical dead space）5．肺泡通气量（alveolar ventilation）6．肺通气/血流比值（ventilation/perfusion ratio）7．肺表面活性物质pulmonary surfactant第六章消化和吸收1．消化（digestion）2．吸收（absorption）3．脑-肠肽（brain-gut peptide）4．胃排空（gastic emptying）5．容受性舒张（receptive relaxation）6. 胆盐的肠肝循环（enterohepatic circulation of bile salt）第八章尿的生成和排出1．肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate，GFR）2．滤过分数（filtration fraction，FF）3．肾糖阈（renal thredhold for glucose）4．渗透性利尿（osmotic diuresis）5．球-管平衡（glomerulotubular balance）6．水利尿（water diuresis）7．肾血浆清除率（renal plasma clearance）第九章神经系统的功能1．（感受器的）换能作用（transducer function）2．明适应（light adaptation）3．暗适应（dark adaptation）4．兴奋性突触后电位（excitatory postsynaptic potential，EPSP）5．抑制性突触后电位（inhibitory postsynaptic potential，IPSP）6．牵涉痛（referred pain）7．脊休克（spinal shock）8．牵张反射（stretch reflex）9．肌紧张（muscle tonus）10．去大脑僵直（decerebrate rigidity）第十章内分泌1．（激素的）允许作用（permissive action）2．下丘脑调节肽（hypothalamic regulatory peptide，HRP）3．应激（stress）。
生理学英文单词
推荐掌握的英文单词第一篇绪论internal environment内环境P5homeostasis稳态P5nervous regulation神经调节P6humoral regulation体液调节P6autoregulation自身调节 P6negative feedback负反馈 P8Positive feedback正反馈 P8第二篇细胞的基本功能simple diffusion单纯扩散)P18ion channel离子通道 P20water channel水通道P25secondary active transport继发性主动转运P29resting potential静息电位P47polarization极化P47hyperpolarization超极化 P47depolarization去极化 P47repolarization复极化 P47overshoot超射 P47Action potential动作电位P47spike potential锋电位 P51voltage clamp电压钳 P52patch clamp膜片钳P55Excitation兴奋 P65Excitability兴奋性 P65absolute refractory period绝对不应期P65relative refractory period相对不应期P65supernormal period超常期P65subnormal period低常期P65miniature endplate potential，MEPP微终板电位P69preload前负荷P81afterload后负荷P82contractility收缩能力P83twitch单收缩P84第三篇血液的功能Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate，ESR红细胞沉降率（血沉）P99 osmotic fragility渗透脆性 P99bleeding time出血时间P111Blood group血型P112blood coagulation血液凝固 P118clotting factor凝血因子 P118第四篇血液循环第九章心脏的生物电活动pump function 起搏功能autorhythmicity 自动节律性pacemaking function 起搏功能maximum diastolic potential, MDP 最大舒张电位maximum repolarization potential 最大复极电位fast response action potential快反应动作电位fast response cell 快反应细胞slow response action potential慢反应动作电位slow response cell 慢反应细胞sodium-calcium exchange 钠-钙交换electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图action potential duration,APD 动作电位时程amplitude of action potential, APA 动作电位幅值transient outward current, I to瞬时性外向离子流plateau phase 平台期long lasting calcium current,I Ca-Leffective refractory period, ERP 有效不应期premature systole 期前收缩extrasystole 期外收缩compensatory pause 代偿性间歇cardiac arrthythmia 心律失常sinus rhythm 窦性心律dominant pacemaker 主导起搏点latent pacemaker 潜在起搏点ectopic pacemaker 异位起搏点capture 抢先占领overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑positive chronotropic action 正性变时作用negative chronotropic action 负性变时作用preferential pathway 优势传导通路functional syncytium 功能合胞体atrioventricular delay 房室延搁positive dromotropic action 正性变传导作用negative dromotropic action 负性变传导作用P-wave P波P-R interval P-R间期P-R segment P-R段QRS complex QFS波群S-T segment S-T段第十章心脏的泵血功能contractility 收缩性positive inotropic action 正性变力作用negative inotropic action 负性变力作用calcium-induced calcium release, CICR 钙触发钙释放calcium transient 钙瞬变atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP 心房钠尿肽endothelin 内皮素angiotension II 血管紧张素cardiac cycle 心动周期systole 收缩期diastole 舒张期pump cycle 泵周期ventricular systole 心室收缩期isovolumic contraction phase 等容收缩期injection phase 射血期rapid injection phase 快速射血期reduced injection phase 减慢射血期isovolumic relaxation phase等容舒张期rapid filling phase 快速充盈期reduced filling phase减慢充盈期priming pupm 初级泵heart sound 心音stroke volume 搏出量ejection fraction, EF 射血分数cardiac output，CO 心输出量cardiac index 心指数stroke work 搏功cardiac reserve 心力储备heterometric autoregulation 异长自身调节ventricular function curve 心室功能曲线homometric regulation 等长第十一章血管生理Windkessel vessel 弹性储器血管distribution vessel 分配血管precapillary resistance vessel 毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌exchange vessel 交换血管postcapillary resistance vessel 毛细血管后阻力血管capacitance vessel 容量血管shunt vessel 短路血管arteriovenous shunt 动-静脉短路renin 肾素angiotensin 血管紧张素resistance of blood flow 血流阻力blood viscosity 血液粘滞度blood pressure 血压arterial blood pressure 动脉血压mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic prssure 舒张压pulse pressure 脉压mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压central venous pressure 中心静脉压peripheral venous 外周静脉压venous return 静脉回心血量microcirculation 微循环ateriole 微动脉metarteriole 后微动脉throughfare 直捷通路effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压cardiac vagal tone 心迷走紧张cardiac sympathetic tone 心交感紧张vasoconstrictor nerve 缩血管神经vasodilator nerve 舒血管神经sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone交感缩血管紧张sympathetic vasoconstrictor center交感缩血管中枢cardiac sympathetic center 心交感中枢cardiac vagus center 心迷走中枢cardiaovascular reflex 心血管反射arterial baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射depressor reflex降压反射carotid sinus 颈动脉窦aortic arch 主动脉弓carotid sinus nerve 颈动脉窦神经chemoreceptor reflex 化学感受器反射carotid body 颈动脉体aortic body 主动脉体renin-angiotensin system, RAS 肾素－血管紧张素系统angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE 血管紧张素转换酶adrenaline, epinephrine 肾上腺素noradrenaline, norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素vasopressin 血管升压素nitric oxide, NO一氧化氮renal-body system 肾体液控制系统第十三章 器官循环coronary circulation 冠脉循环adnosine 腺苷第五篇 呼吸第十四章 肺通气respiration 呼吸external Respiration外呼吸internal respiration 内呼吸pulmonary ventilation 肺通气intrapulmonary pressure 肺内压inspiration 吸气expiration 呼气artificial respiration 人工呼吸respiratory movement 呼吸运动abdominal breathing 腹式呼吸thoracic breathing 胸式呼吸eupnea 平静呼吸forced breathing 用力呼吸intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压pneumothorax 气胸lung compliance 肺顺应性pulmonary surfactant 肺表面活性物质dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, DPPC 二棕榈酰卵磷脂inelastic resistance 非弹性阻力restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足obstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足pulmonary volume 肺容积tidal volume, TV 潮气量inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补吸气量expiratory reserve,ERV补呼气量residual volume，RV 残气量functional residual capacity, FRC 功能残气量vital capacity,VC 肺活量forced expiratory volume, FEV用力呼气量total lung capacity 肺总量pulmonary ventilation 肺通气量maximal voluntary ventilation 最大随意通气量anatomical dead space解剖无效腔alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔physiological dead space 生理无效腔alveolar ventilation肺泡通气量第十五章 肺换气和组织换气respiratory membrane 呼吸膜ventilation/perfusion ratio通气－血流比值第十六章 氧和二氧化碳在血液中的运输oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白deoxyhemoglobin 去氧血红蛋白oxygen capacity of Hb Ｈb的氧容量oxygen content of Hb Ｈb的氧含量oxygen saturation of Hb Ｈb的氧饱和度oxygen dissociation curve氧解离曲线Bohr effect 波尔效应carbaminohemoglobin 氨基甲酰血红蛋白第十七章 呼吸运动的调节respiratory center 呼吸中枢apneusis 长吸式呼吸pneumotaxic center呼吸调整中枢inspiratory neuron 吸气神经元expiratory neuron 呼气神经元respiratory rhythm呼吸节律peripheral chemoreceptor 外周化学感受器central chemoreceptor 外周化学感受器pulmonary stretch reflex 肺牵张反射第六篇 消化slow wave potential慢波电位basic electrical rhythm基本电节律gastrointestinal hormone胃肠激素mucus-bicarbonate barrier粘液－碳酸氢盐屏障enterohepatic circulation of bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环peristalsis蠕动low esophageal sphincter食管下括约肌entero-gastric reflex肠－胃反射segmentation contraction分节运动digestion消化absorption吸收第七篇 能量代谢与体温thermal equivalent of food食物的热价caloric value of food食物的卡价thermal equivalent of oxygen食物的氧热价respiratory quotient呼吸商specific dynamic action食物的特殊动力效应basal metabolism基础代谢body temperature体温core temperature深部温度shell temperature表层温度circadian rhythm日节律biorhythm生物节律radiation）辐射conduction传导convection对流insensible evaporation不感蒸发sensible evaporation可感蒸发thermal sweating温热性发汗mental sweating精神性发汗gustatory sweating味觉性发汗autonomic thermoregulation自主性体温调节behavioral thermoregulation行为性体温调节set point调定点第八篇 尿的生成与排出autoregulation of renal blood flow肾血流量的自身调节glomerular filtration rate肾小球滤过率filtration fraction滤过分数effective filtration pressure有效滤过压renal glucose threshold肾糖阈secretion分泌clearance清楚率tubuloglomerular feedback管球反馈glomerulotubular balance球管平衡osmotic diuresis渗透性利尿renorenal reflex肾－肾反射第九篇 神经系统receptor感受器adequate stimulus适宜刺激receptor potential感受器电位generator potential发生器电位coding编码作用adaptation适应现象reduced eye简化眼visual acuity视敏度visual accommodation眼的调节near point of vision近点myopia近视hyperopia远视astimatism散光nyctalopia夜盲症dark adaptation暗适应light adaptation明适应visual field视野hearing threshold听阈air conduction气导bone conduction骨导microphonic potential蜗微音器电位nystagmus眼震颤neuron神经元nerve impulse神经冲动axoplasmic transport轴浆运输postsynaptic potential突触后电位EPSP兴奋性突触后电位IPSP抑制性突触后电位postsynaptic inhibition突触后抑制presynaptic inhibition突触前抑制presynaptic facilitation突触前易化synaptic delay突触延搁electric synaptic transmission电突触传递 neurotransmitter神经递质cholinergic fiber胆碱能纤维adrenergic fiber肾上腺素能纤维specific projection system特异性投射系统non- specific projection system非特异性投射系统 evoked cortical potential皮层诱发电位（）、 referred pain牵涉痛muscle tonus肌紧张tendon reflex腱反射spinal shock脊休克stretch reflex牵张反射decerebrate rigidity去大脑僵直conditioned reflex条件反射unconditioned reflex非条件反射first signal system第一信号系统second signal system第二信号系统 electroencephalograme,EEG脑电图α－blockα波阻断slow wave sleep慢波睡眠第十篇 内分泌内分泌endocrine激素hormone神经内分泌neuroendocrine内分泌系统endocrine system胺类激素amine hormone多肽和蛋白质类激素polypeptide and protein hormone类固醇激素steroid hormone下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-target gland axis 下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-thyroid axis 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质腺轴hypothalamus-adrenocortical gland axis 下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-gonadal axis生长激素释放激素growth hormone releasing hormone生长抑素somatostatin或growth hormone release inhibiting hormone 促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropin releasing hormone促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin-releasing hormone促性腺激素释放激素gonadotropin-releasing hormone生长激素growth hormone促甲状腺激素thyroid-stimulating hormone促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocortical hormone卵泡刺激素follicle stimulating hormone黄体生成素luteinizing hormone胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor应激反应stress reaction催乳素prolactin缩宫素oxytocin甲状腺激素thyroid hormone胰岛素insulin糖皮质激素glucocorticoid允许作用permissive action应急反应emergency reaction雄激素androgen排卵ovulation雌激素female sex hormone孕激素pregnancy hormone。
生理学词汇(Physiological terms)
生理学词汇（Physiological terms）生理学（生理学）词汇血〈〉血，血液血细胞〈〉血细胞血凝块〈〉血凝块血凝〈〉血液凝固血流量〈〉血流量血型〈〉血型血压〈〉血压输血〈〉输血体表面积〈〉体表面积体温〈〉体温玻尔效应〈〉玻尔效应〈〉缓激肽缓激肽热值〈〉卡价（或热价）囊内压〈〉肾小囊内压心脏指数〈〉心脏储备〈〉心力储备心脏的工作〈〉心脏作功颈动脉体〈〉颈动脉体，颈动脉小球 载体〈〉携带者，载体，载流子，带虫者分解代谢〈〉分解代谢，异化作用头期〈〉头期脑循环〈〉脑循环激励〈〉激发，兴奋〈〉兴奋 兴奋胞吐〈〉胞吐，胞裂外排，外吐作用 〈〉呼气 期满外部环境〈〉外环境外呼吸〈〉外呼吸梭外肌〈〉梭外肌促进扩散〈〉易化扩散反馈〈〉纤溶〈〉纤溶充盈期〈〉充盈相灌浆压力〈〉充盈压灌装量〈〉允盈量滤过分数〈〉滤过分数气体交换〈〉气体交换胃的容受性舒张〈〉胃的容受性舒张 胃酸〈〉胃酸胃排空〈〉T 1 / 2胃半排空时间胃期〈〉胃期胃泌素〈〉胃泌素发生器电位〈〉启动电位球管平衡〈〉球管平衡胰高血糖素〈〉高血糖素，胰高血糖素糖皮质激素〈〉糖皮质激素高尔基腱器官〈〉高尔基腱器官 促性腺激素〈〉促性腺激素霍尔丹效应〈〉何尔登效应心率〈〉心率心音〈〉心音红细胞压积值〈〉红细胞比容 造血微环境〈〉造血微环境〈〉止血止血溶血〈〉溶血〈〉止血栓子 止血塞平衡〈〉内环境稳定，稳态 homometic调节〈〉等长调节超极化〈〉超极化体外〈〉体外（实验），离体在体内〈〉在体（实验），体内灭活〈〉灭活（病毒），失活不相容〈〉血型不和间接测热法〈〉间接测热法充气反射〈〉肺扩张反射生理〈〉生理学绝对不应期〈〉绝对不应期吸收〈〉吸收，吸收作用动作电位〈〉动作电位激活〈〉激活，活化主动重吸收〈〉主动重吸收主动运输〈〉主动运输，主动转运急性实验〈〉急性实验适应〈〉适应足够的刺激〈〉适宜刺激肾上腺素能〈〉肾上腺能的肾上腺素能受体〈〉肾上腺素受体后负荷〈〉后负荷后电位〈〉后电位〈〉红细胞凝集凝集红细胞〈〉凝集素凝集素〈〉凝集原凝集原气道阻力〈〉气道阻力白蛋白〈〉白蛋白，清蛋白醛固酮〈〉醛固酮肺泡毛细血管膜〈〉肺泡-毛细血管膜肺泡死腔〈〉肺泡死腔，肺泡无效腔肺泡液体〈〉肺泡液体合成〈〉同化作用，合成代谢解剖死腔〈〉解剖无效腔或死腔雄激素〈〉雄激素血管紧张素〈〉血管紧张素抗凝〈〉抗凝抗利尿〈〉抗利尿主动脉体〈〉主动脉体呼吸中枢〈〉长吸式呼吸〈〉主动脉弓主动脉弓动脉压〈〉动脉血压动脉〈〉动脉脉〈〉微动脉小动脉动静脉分流〈〉动静脉短路人工呼吸〈〉人工呼吸心房收缩期〈〉心房收缩房室束〈〉房室束〈〉听力试镜听觉阈值〈〉听阈自动呼吸的节奏〈〉自主呼吸节律自动化〈〉自律性自主神经系统〈〉植物性神经系统，自主神经系自主性体温调节〈〉自主性体温调节自动调节〈〉自身调节轴浆〈〉轴浆，轴质压力感受性反射〈〉压力感受性反射基础代谢〈〉基础代谢行为性体温调节〈〉行为性体温调节双向传播〈〉双向传导生物电〈〉生物电双相动作电位〈〉双相动作电位出血时间〈〉出血时间暗适应〈〉暗适应去极化〈〉除级减压反射〈〉减压反射〈〉舒张期 舒张舒张压〈〉舒张压扩散〈〉扩散，弥散消化〈〉消化稀释尿液〈〉稀释尿屈光度〈〉屈光度〈〉供者 供体〈〉变传导作用 变传导作用有效滤过压〈〉有效滤过压 〈〉效应器效应，效应物 射血期〈〉射血相弹性阻力〈〉弹性阻力心电图〈〉心电图电化学梯度〈〉电化学梯度 内吞〈〉胞吞，入胞，内吞能量代谢率〈〉能量代谢率能量代谢〈〉能量代谢肠神经系统〈〉肠道神经系统〈〉平衡电位 平衡电位红细胞沉降率〈〉红细胞沉降率 erythropoietin 〈〉红细胞生成素, 促红素estrogen 〈〉雌激素〈〉动情周期 oestrus cycleeupnea 〈〉平静呼吸excitability 〈〉兴奋性excitable cell 〈〉可兴奋细胞 excitable tissue 〈〉可兴奋组织 inhibition 〈〉抑制initially 〈〉初长 lengthinitially 〈〉原尿 urineinotropic action 〈〉变力作用 inotropic member 〈〉insensible perspiration 〈〉不感蒸发 (不显汗) inspiratory capacity 〈〉深吸气量internal environment 〈〉内环境internal environment homeostasis 〈〉内环境稳态interneuron 〈〉中间神经元intestinal phase 〈〉肠期intrapleural pressure 〈〉胸膜腔内压, 胸内压intraspindle muscle 〈〉梭内肌intrinsic pathway 〈〉内源性途径〈〉碘泵 iodine pumpion channel 〈〉离子通道isometric contraction 〈〉等长收缩isotonic contraction 〈〉等张收缩 isovolumetric contraction phase 〈〉等容收缩相isovolumetric relaxation phase 〈〉等容舒张相light adaptation 〈〉明适应〈〉光反射 light reflexlocal current 〈〉局部电流local current theory 〈〉局部电流学说long loop feedback 〈〉长反馈lung capacity 〈〉肺容量lung volumes 〈〉肺容量the 〈〉集团蠕动 peristalsismaximal acid output 〈〉最大胃酸排出量maximum diastolic potential 〈〉最大舒张电位maximum potential 〈〉最大复极电位 repolarizingmean arterial pressure 〈〉平均动脉压the mean circulatory filling pressure 〈〉循环系统平均充盈压the membrane potential 〈〉跨膜电位, 膜电位metarteriole 〈〉后微动脉minute respiratory volume 〈〉每分钟通气量united 〈〉运动单位 enginemyocardial contractility 〈〉心肌收缩性negative chronotropic action 〈〉负性变时效应negative dromotropic action 〈〉负性变传导效应negative inotropic action 〈〉负变力效应〈〉血氧容量 oxygen capacityoxygen content 〈〉血氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 〈〉氧离曲线oxygenation 〈〉氧合oxyhemoglobin saturation 〈〉血氧饱和度〈〉起搏器 pacemakerpacemaker current 〈〉起搏电流paracrine 〈〉旁分泌passive reabsorption 〈〉被动重吸收passive transport 〈〉被动运输, 被动转运patch clamp 〈〉膜片钳pepsin 〈〉胃蛋白酶peripheral resistance 〈〉外周阻力peristalsis 〈〉蠕动permeability 〈〉磁导率, 通透性permissive action 〈〉允许作用photosensory cell 〈〉感光细胞〈〉生理学 physiologypinocytosis 〈〉胞饮作用the plasma clearance 〈〉血浆清除率plasmin 〈〉纤溶酶plasminogen 〈〉纤溶酶原, 纤维蛋白溶酶原plastic deformation of erythrocyte 〈〉红细胞可塑性变形plateau 〈〉平台期platelet plug 〈〉血小板栓子polarization 〈〉极化positive chronotropic action 〈〉正性变时效应positive dromotropic action 〈〉正性变传导效应positive feedback 〈〉正反馈positive inotropic action 〈〉正性变力效应preload 〈〉前负荷premature systolic 〈〉期前收缩presynaptic inhibition 〈〉突触前抑制primary hemostatic response 〈〉初级止血反应proprioceptors 〈〉本体感受器prothrombin 〈〉凝血酶原pulmonary diffusion capacity 〈〉肺扩散容量pulmonary exchange 〈〉肺换气pulmonary ventilation 〈〉肺通气pulse pressure 〈〉脉压pupillary reflex 〈〉瞳孔反射purkinje fiber 〈〉蒲肯野纤维purkinje system 〈〉蒲肯野系统rapid ejection phase 〈〉快速射血相rapid repolarization 〈〉快速复极reduced eye 〈〉简化眼reflex 〈〉反射reflex arc 〈〉反射弧refractoriness 〈〉不应性refractory period 〈〉不应期relative refractory period 〈〉相对不应期renal glucose threshold 〈〉肾糖阈renin 〈〉肾素repolarization 〈〉复极resistance 〈〉耐药性, 阻力respiratory zone 〈〉呼吸带the resting potential 〈〉静息电位the resting state 〈〉备用状态rheobase 〈〉基强度rhesus monkey 〈〉恒河猴, 猕猴saltatory conduction 〈〉跳跃式传导the second message 〈〉第二信使secondary active transport 〈〉继发性主动转运the secondary phase of hemostasis 〈〉继发性止血反应secretin 〈〉促胰液素secretion 〈〉分泌segmentation 〈〉分节运动sensation 〈〉感觉sense organ 〈〉感觉器官sensory coding 〈〉感觉编码sensory receptor 〈〉感觉器shell temperature 〈〉体表温度simple diffusion 〈〉简单扩散single twitch 〈〉单收缩slow ejection phase 〈〉减慢射血相slow wave 〈〉慢波somatostatin 〈〉生长抑素spasm 〈〉痉挛specific conduction system 〈〉特殊传导系统spike 〈〉刺突, 锋电位spontaneous depolarization 〈〉自动除极stretch receptor 〈〉肺牵张感受器stretch reflex 〈〉牵张反射stroke work 〈〉搏出功subnormal period 〈〉低常期supernormal period 〈〉超常期surface activation 〈〉表面激活surfactant 〈〉表面活性物质synaptic delay 〈〉突触延搁synergetic effect 〈〉协同作用tension 〈〉张力first heart sound 〈〉the second heart sound 〈〉第二心音thermoregulation 〈〉体温调节胸式呼吸〈〉胸式呼吸通道通道〈〉直捷通路或直通血毛细血管〈〉阈阈值阈强度〈〉阈强度阈电位〈〉阈电位阈刺激〈〉阈刺激组织交流〈〉组织换气〈〉紧张性活动紧张性活动〈〉紧张性收缩强直收缩。
生理学常用词汇英汉对照表
生理学常用词汇英汉对照表（括号内数字表示该词汇所在章）Aabdominal breathing 腹式呼吸（5）absolute refractory period 绝对不应期（2）absorption 吸收（6）acrosin 顶体素（12）acrosome reaction 顶体反应（12）action potential 动作电位（2）adaptability 适应性（1）adequate stimulus 适宜刺激（10）adrenergic fibres 肾上腺能纤维（10）adrenoceptor肾上腺能受体（10）adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素（11）aerial 肺房（3）affinity 亲和力（11）after-discharge 后放（10）after-potential 后电位（2）agglutination 凝集（3）air cell 气室（14）airsac 气囊（14）aldosterone 醛固酮（11）alkali reserve 碱储（3）alveolar gas 肺泡气（5）alveolar surfactant肺表面活性物质（5）alveolar ventilation 肺泡通气量（5）amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation，APUD 胺前体摄取和脱竣作用（6）androgen 雄激素（12）androgen-binding protein，ABP 雄性激素结合蛋白（12）anticoagulation 抗凝剂（3）antidiuretic hormone o ADH 抗利尿激素（11）antiperistalsls 逆蠕动（6）antithrombin III 抗凝血酶ni（3）8-arginine oxytocin 8-精催产素（14）arterial blood pressure 动脉血压（4）arteriole 微动脉（4）arteriovenous anastomos 动一静脉吻合支（4）ascending activating system 上行激动系统（10）atrial natriuretic peptide 心房利尿钠肽（4）atrial natriuretic peptide 心钠素（11）attitudinal reflex 状态反射（10）autapse自身突触（10）autocrine 自分泌（11）autoregulation 自身调节（1）autorhythmic cell 自律细胞（4）autorhythmicity 自律性（4）avian pancreatic polypeptide, APP 胰多肽（14）axo-axonic synapse 轴一轴突触（10）axo-dendritic synapse 轴一树突触（10）axon reflex 轴突反射（4）axo-somatic svnanse 轴一体突触（10）Bbaroreceptor reflex压力感受器反射（4）basal electric rhythm，BER 基本电节律（6）basal metabolism rate，BMR 基础代谢率（7）basal metabolism 基础代谢（7）beck 喙（14）bile 胆汁（6）bioelectric phenomenon 生物电现象（2）biorhythm生物节律（1）blastocyst 胚泡（12）blood 血液（3）blood clotting factors 凝血因子（3）blood coagulation 血液凝固（3）blood pressure 血压（4）blood volume 血量（3）blood-testis barrier 血睾屏障（12）body fluid 体液（3）body temperature 体温（7）bombesin 蛙皮素（14）brain-gut peptide 脑一肠肽（6）breathing pattern 呼吸式（5）broodiness 抱窝（14）Brunner's gland 勃氏腺（6）Ccalcitonin，CT 降钙素（11）calcium binding protein CaBP 钙结合蛋白（5, 14）caloric value 热价（7）capacitance vessels 容量血管（4）capacitation 获能（12）capillary blood pressure 毛细血管血压（4）cardiac output 心输出量（4）cardiac sympathetic nerve 心交感神经（4）cardiac vagus nerve 心迷走神经（4）cardionatrin 心钠素（4）cardiophonogram 心音图（4）catecholamine 儿茶酚胺（10）central delay 中枢延搁（10）central inhibition 中枢抑制（10）central inspiratory activity generator, CIAG 吸气活动发生器（5）central positive feedback 中枢性正反馈（12）central venous pressure 中心静脉压（4）cephalic phase 头期（6）chemical synapse 化学性突触（10）chemoreceptor reflex 化学感受器反射（4）chemoreceptor 化学感受器（5）chloride shift 氯转移（5）cholecalciferol 胆钙化醇（11）cholinergic fibres 胆碱能纤维（10）cholinoceptor 胆碱能受体（10）chronaxie 时值（1）chylomicron 乳糜微粒（6）climatic adaptation 气候适应（7）clone 克隆（1）closed-loop circuit 闭合回路（11）clutch cycle 连产周期（14）cold acclimation 冷服习（7）cold acclimatization 冷驯化（7）collateral inhibition 侧支性抑制（10）colony forming unit-erythroid，CFIJ-E 红系集落形成单位（3）colony stimulating factor，CSF 集落刺激因子（3）colostrum 初乳（13）combined breathing 胸腹式呼吸（5）compensatory pause 代偿性间歇（4）premature systole期前收缩（额外收缩）（4）complete tetanus完全强直收缩（9）compound glands 复腺（14）conditions immune response 条件性免疫反应（10）conditional reflex 条件反射（10）conduction传导（2）（7）conductivity 传导性（4）contractility 收缩性（9）convection 对流（7）cortical nephron 皮质肾单位（8）corticotropin-releasing hormone. CRH 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（11）counter-current exchange 逆流交换（8）counter-current multiplication 逆流倍增（8）coupled sodium-chloride absorption 钠-氯同时吸收（6）critical fusion frequency 临界融合频率（9）crop sac gland 嗦囊腺（14）cross bridge 横桥（9）crossed extensor 对侧伸肌反射（10）cybernetics 控制论（1）cytokine细胞因子（10）Ddecerebrate animal 去大脑动物（10）decerebrate rigidity 去大脑僵直（10）defense reflex 防御性反射（10）deglutation 吞咽（6）dehydroepiandrosterone 脱氢异雄酮（11）deoxycorticosterone，DOC 脱氧皮质酮（11）depressor reflex 降压反射（4）diestrus 休情期（12）digestion 消化（6）5 a -dihydrotestosterone 5 a -双氢睾酮（12）direct calorimetry 直接测热法（7）dopamine 多巴胺（10）dorsal respiratory group，DRG 背侧呼吸组（5）dynamic stereotype 动力定型（10） Eectopic rhythm 异位心律（4）effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压（4）ejection fraction 射血分数（4）electrical synapse 电突触（1、9）electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图（4）electrochemical equilibrium 电一化学平衡（3）electrochemical gradient 电一化学梯度（2）emergency reaction 应急反应（11）emotion 情绪（10）endocrine 内分泌（11）end-plate potential, EPP 终板电位（9）entero-gastric reflex 肠一胃反射（6）entero-hepatic circulation 肠肝循环（6）epicrine 表分泌（11）epidermal growth factor，EGF 上皮细胞生长因子（11）epinephrine， E 肾上腺素（11）eructation 暧气（6）erythrocyte osmotic fragility 红细胞渗透脆性（3）erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR 红细胞沉降率（3）erythrocyte 红细胞（3）erythropoietin，EPO 红细胞生成素（3）estradiol，E2 雌二醇（11）estrogen， E 雌激素（12）estrous cycle 发情周期（12）estrous 发情期（12）eupnea平静呼吸（4 ）evaporation 蒸发（7）exchange vessels 交换血管（4）excitability 兴奋性（1）excitable tissue可兴奋性组织（1）excitation contraction coupling 兴奋一收缩耦联（9）excitation 兴奋（1）excitatory postsynaptic potential，EPSP 兴奋性突触后电位（10）excitatory synapse 兴奋性突触（10）excitatory transmitter 兴奋性化学递质（10）expiration 呼气（5）expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量（5）exteroceptor 外感受器（10）extracellular fluid 细胞外液（1）extrapyramidal system 锥体外系统（10）extrinsic route外源性激活途径（3）Ffacilitated diffusion 易化扩散（2）factor 因子（11）feedback 反馈（1）feedforward 前反馈（1）feeding center 摄食中枢（10）fertilization 受精（12）fibrin纤维蛋白（3）fibrinolysis纤维蛋白溶解（3）filtration fraction 滤过分数（8）fluid mosaic model 流体镶嵌模型（2）follicle statin 卵泡抑制素（12）follicle-stimulating hormone，FSH 卵泡刺激素（11）follicular phase 卵泡期（12）FSH-releasing protein，FRP 促FISH 释放蛋白（12）functional residual capacity 机能余气量（5）Ggall-bladder bile 胆囊胆汁（6）gastric emptying 胃的排空（6）gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GIP 抑胃肽（6）gastric phase 胃期（6）gastrointestinal hormone 胃肠激素（6）gizzard 肌胃（14）gland cisterns 乳腺池（13）glandular stomach 腺胃（14）glomerular filtration rate，GFR 肾小球滤过率（8）glomerulo-tubular balance 球一管平衡（8）glucagon胰高血糖素（11）glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素（11）gonadotropic hormone, gonadotropin, GTH 促性腺激素（11）gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH 促性腺激素释放激素（11）growth hormone, GH 生长激素（11）growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone, GIH 生长激素释放抑制激素（11）growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH 生长激素释放激素（11）gut hormone 胃肠激素（11）Hhalf-life period 半衰期（11）heart rate 心率（4）heart sound 心音（4）hematocrit血细胞比容（3）hematopoietic growth factor, HGF 造血生长因子（3）hemolysis 溶血（3）heparin cofactor II肝素辅助因子II（3）heparin 肝素（3）hepatic bile 肝胆汁（6）Hering-Breuer reflex 黑一伯二氏反射（5）high nervous activity 高级神经活动（10）histamine 组胺（14）homeostasis 稳态（1）hormone 激素（11）human chorionic gonadotrophin, HCG 人绒毛膜促性腺激素（11）human leukocyte antigen HLA 人白细胞抗原（3）humoral regulation 体液调节（1）hypothalamic hypophysiotropic area 下丘脑促垂体区（11）hypothalamus regulatory peptide, HRP 下丘脑调节肽（11）hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, HPA 下丘脑一垂体一肾上腺轴（10）hypoxia 低氧（5）Iimpulse 冲动（2）incomplete tetanus不完全强直收缩（9）indirect calorimetry 间接测热法（7）inhibin 抑制素（11）inhibition 抑制（1）inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP 抑制性突触后电位（10）inhibitory synapse 抑制性突触（10）inhibitorytransmitter 抑制性化学递质（10）initiation of lactation 发动泌乳（13）inspiration 吸气（5）inspiratory off -switch mechanism, IOS 吸气切断机制（5）inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气量（5）insulin 胰岛素（11）insulin-like growth factor IGF 胰岛素样生长因子（11）integration 整合作用（1）interdigestive motility complex 消化间期运动复合波（6）internal environment 内环境（1）internal respiration 内呼吸（5）interoceptor 内感受器（10）interstitial cell stimulating hormone 间质细胞刺激素（11）interstitial fluid 细胞间液（3）intestinal phase 肠期（6）intestinal villi 小肠绒毛（6）intracellular fluid 细胞内液（3）intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压（5）intrapulmonary pressure 肺内压（5）intrapulmonary primary bronchi 肺内一级支气管（14）intrinsic factor 内因子（2, 5）intrinsic plexus 壁内神经丛（6）intrinsic route内源性激活途径（3）iodine accumulation 聚碘作用（11）iodine activation 碘的活化（11）iodine of tyrosine 酪氨酸碘化（11）iodine pump 碘泵（11）irradiation 扩散（10）irritability 感应性（1）8-isoleucine oxytocin 8 一异亮催产素（14）isometric contraction 等长收缩（9）isotonic contraction 等张收缩（9）isotonic solution 等张溶液（3）Jjuxtamedullary nephron 近髓肾单位（8）Kkiller cell 杀伤细胞（3）knee jerk 膝反射（10）Llatent period 潜伏期（9）leucocyte 白细胞（3）Leydig's cell 间质细胞（12）Lieberkiihn crypt 李氏腺（6）limbic system 边缘系统（10）lipid bilayer脂质双分子层（2）lipopolysaccharide 脂多糖（10）lipotropin，6-LPH 促脂解素（11）local hormone 局部激素（11）long-loop feedback 长反馈（11）lung compliance 顺应性（5）luteal phase 黄体期（12）luteinizing hormone, LH 黄体生成素（11）Mmaintenance of lactation 维持泌乳（13）mammary glands 乳腺（13）mass peristalsis 集团蠕动（6）mastication 咀嚼（6）maximal diastolic potentia 一最大舒张（期）电位（4）mean circulatory filling pressure 平均充盈压（4）melanophore-stimulating hormone，MSH 促黑（素细胞）激素（11）elanophore-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor，MIF 促黑素细胞激素释放抑制因子（11）melanophore-stimulating hormone-releasing factor, MRF 促黑素细胞激素释放因子（11）melatonin，MLT 褪黑素（11）membrane potential 膜电位（2）menstrual cycle 月经周期（12）messenger 信使（11）metabolism新陈代谢（1、6）metaestrus 发情后期（12）microvilli 微绒毛（6）migrating burst spikes 移行性锋电位（6）migrating motility complex，MMC 移行性运动复合波（6）milk excretion 排乳（13）milk secretion 乳的分泌（13）mineralocorticoid 盐皮质激素（11）minute ventilation volume 每分通气量（5）minute volume每分输出量（4）mobile brain 游动脑（10）modulation 调制（10）motor end plate 运动终板（9）motor neuron运动神经元（10）motor unit运动单位（9）muscarinic receptor毒蕈型受体（10）muscle spindle 肌梭（10）Nnasal gland 鼻腺（14）natural kill cell自然杀伤细胞（3）nephron 肾单位（8）nerve growth factor NGF 神经生长因子（11）nervoustype 神经型（10）neurocrine 神经分泌（11）neuroendocrine 神经内分泌（11）neuroendocrinology 神经内分泌学（11）neurohormone 神经激素（11）neurohumoral regulation 神经一体液调节（1）neuroimmunomodulation 神经免疫调节（10）neuromuscular junction 神经肌肉接头（9）neuroregulation 神经调节（1）neurotransmitter 神经递质（1）nicotinic receptor 烟碱型受体（10）nidation 着床（12）nitrogenous hormone 含氮激素（11）norepinephrine，NE 去甲肾上腺素（11）normal milk 常乳（13）null cell 裸细胞（3）Ooocyte maturation inhibitor，OMI 卵泡细胞成熟抑制素（12）osmotic pressure 渗透压（3）overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑（4）overshot 超射（I）ovulatory cycle 排卵周期（14）oxygen dissociation curve氧离曲线（4）oxygenation 氧合（5）oxytocin，OXT 催产素（11）Ppancreatic amylase 胰淀粉酶（6）pancreatic juice 胰液（6）pancreatic lipase 胰脂肪酶（6）、pancreatic polypeptide 胰多肽（11）paracellular absorption 旁细胞吸收（6）paracrine 旁分泌（11）parasympathetic nervous system 副交感神经系统（10）parathyroid hormone，PTH 甲状旁腺素（11）parotid gland 腮腺（6）parturition delivery 分娩（12）pepsin胃蛋白酶（6）peptidergic neuron 肽能神经元（11）peripheral venous pressure 夕卜周静脉压（4）peristalsis 蠕动（6）permeability选择通透性（2）permissive action 允许作用（11）phagocytosis 吞噬作用（1）pheromone 外激素（11）pineal body 松果体（14）plasma osmotic pressure 血浆渗透压（3）plasma 血浆（3）plasmin纤维蛋白溶解酶（3）plasminogen纤维蛋白溶解酶原（3）platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板衍生因子（4）platelets 血小板（3）pneumothorax 气胸（5）polarization 极化（2）postganglionic neuron 节后纤维（10）postsynaptic inhibition 突触后抑制（10）postsynaptic potential 突触后电位（10）postural reflex 姿势反射（10）precapillary sphincter毛细血管前括约肌（4）preganglionic neuron 节前纤维（10）pregnancy 妊娠（12）pregnant mare serum gonadotropin，PMSG 孕马血清促性腺激素（11）prehension 米食（6）premature pacemaker 早搏（4）pre-prohormone 前激素原（11）presynaptic inhibition 突触前抑制（10）primary active transport 原发性主动转运（2）proestrus 发情前期（12）progesterone 孕酮（12）progestogen 孕激素（12）prohormone 激素原（11）prolactin release-inhibiting factor，PIF 催乳素释放抑制因子（11）prolactin releasing factor, PRF 催乳素释放因子（11）pro-opiomelanocortin, POMC促阿片一黑素细胞皮质素原（11）prostaglandin，PG 前列腺素（11）prostaglandin 前列腺素（11）protein C 蛋白质C（3）protein kinase C, PKC 蛋白激酶 C （11）prothrombin 凝血酶原（3）proventriculus 前胃（14）puberty 初情期（12）pulmonary circulation 肺循环（4）pulmonary stretch reflex 肺牵张反射（5）pulmonary ventilation 肺通气（5）pyramidal system 锥体系统（10）Rradiation 辐射（7）receptive relaxation 容受性扩张（6）receptor 受体（2）recipient 受血者（3）reciprocal inhibition 交互抑制（10）recurrent inhibition 回返性抑制（10）redeglutation 再吞咽（6）reflex arc 反射弧（10）reflex milk 反射乳（13）reflex time 反射时（10）regurgitation 逆呕（6）reinforcement 强化（10）relative refractory period 相对不应期（2）relaxin 松弛素（12）relaxing period 舒张期（9）renal glucose threshold 肾糖阈（8）renal plasma flow, RPF 肾血浆流量（8）reproduction 生殖（1、11）residual volume 余气量（5）respiration 呼吸（5）respiratory frequency 呼吸频率（5）respiratory quotient，RQ 呼吸商（7）response 反应（2）resting potential 静息电位（2）reticulorumen 网瘤胃（6）righting reflex 翻正反射（10）rumination 反刍（6）ssaliva 唾液（6）saltatory conduction 跳跃式传导（2）satiety center 饱中枢（10）sebaceous gland 皮脂腺（14）second active transport 继发性主动转运（2）second messenger hypothesis 第二信使学说（11）second messenger 第二信使（2）secondary 二级支气管（14）secondarysexual characteristics 副性征（12）secretion 分泌（11）segmentation 分节运动（6）self-replication 自我复制（1）sensation 感觉（10）sensorimotor area 感觉运动区（10）serine protease inhibitor丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物（3）serum 血清（3）sex hormone 性激素（）sexual cycle 性周期（12）sexual maturity 性成熟（12）sexual reflex 性反射（12）shell gland lumen 壳腺腔（14）shell gland 壳腺（14）shivering 寒颤（7）shortening period 缩短期（9）short-loop feedback 短反馈（11）simple diffusion 单纯扩散（2）sinus rhythm 窦性心律（4）sodium co-transport system 钠协同转运系统（6）somatomedin, SM 生长介素（11）somatostatin,生长激素释放抑制激素（11）specific dynamic effect 特殊动力效应（7）specific projectionsystem 特异性投射系统（10）spike potential 锋电位（2）spinal animal 脊髓动物（10）spinal reflex 脊髓反射（10）steroid hormone 类固醇激素（11）stimulus 刺激（2）strength-duration curve 强度一时间曲线（2）stress 应激（11）stretch reflex 牵张反射（10）stroke volume每搏输出量（4）sublingual gland 舌下腺（6）submaxillary gland 颌下腺（6）subnormal period 低常期（2）summation of contraction 收缩总和（9）summation 总和（10）summation 总和（效应）（2）supermummerary teats 副乳头（13）supranormal period 超常期（2）supraorbital gland 眶上腺（14）suspension stability 悬浮稳定性（3）sympathetic nervoussystem 交感神经系统（10）sympathetic tone 交感紧张（4）synaptic transmission 突触传递（10）systemic circulation 体循环（4）systolic pressure 收缩压（4）Ttapetum 照膜（1 3）target cell 靶细胞（11）target issue 靶组织（11）target organ 靶器官（11）tear cisterns 乳头池（13）telecrine 远距分泌（11）temporary connection 暂时联系（10）tendon reflex 键反射（10）tertiary branchi三级支气管，副支气管（14）testosterone，T 睾酮（12）tetanus强直收缩（韵）tetraiodothyronine, T4 四碘甲腺原氨酸（11）thermal equivalent of oxygen 氧热价（s）thoracic breathing 胸式呼吸（5）thoroughfare channel 直捷通路（4）threshold intensity 阈强度（2）threshold 阈值（2）thrombin 凝血酶（3）thrombocyte 血小板（3）thymosiri 胸腺激素（11）thyroglobulin, TG 甲状腺球蛋白（11）thyroid hormone 甲状腺激素（11）thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH 促甲状腺激素（11）thyroprotein-releasing hormone，TRH 促甲状腺释放激素（11）thyroxine 甲状腺素（11）thyroxine-binding globulin，TBG 甲状腺激素结合蛋白（11）thyroxine-binding prealbumin，TBPA 甲状腺激素结合前蛋白（11）tidal volume 潮气量（5）tight junction 紧密连接（4）tonic contraction 紧张性收缩（6）total lung capacity 肺总容量（5）transcellular absorption 跨细胞吸收（6）transduction of receptor 换能作用（10）transmembrane signaling transmission 跨膜信号传递（2）transmission 传递（2）triiodothyronine，T3三碘甲腺原氨酸（11）tropic action 营养作用（6）tyrosine kinase receptor 酪昔酸激酶受体（2）Uultrimobranchial gland 腮后腺（14）ultrashort-loop feedback 超短反馈（11）unconditional reflex 非条件反射（10）unspecific projection system 非特异性投射系统（10）uropygial gland 尾脂腺（14）Vvagal tone迷走紧张（4）vasoactive intestinal peptide，VIP 血管活性肠肽（5, 14）vasopressin，VP 升压素（11）venous pressure 静脉血压（4）venous return静脉回心血量（4）ventilation /perfusion ratio 通气/血流比值（5）ventral respiratory group，VRG 腹侧呼吸组（5）venule微静脉（4）viscosity 粘滞性（3）vital capacity 肺活量（5）vomiting 呕吐（6）wwater diuresis 水利尿（8）。
生理课英语单词
能量代谢（energy metabolism）、食物的热价（themal equivalent of food）、食物的氧热价（thermal equivalent of oxygen）、呼吸商（respiratory quotient）、基础代谢(basal metabolism)、基础代谢率(basal metabolism rate, BMR)、体温(body temperature)、战栗产热(shivering thermogenisis)、非战栗产热(non-shivering thermogenesis)、辐射散热(thermal radiation) 、传导散热(thermal conduction)、对流散热(them1a1 convection)、蒸发散热(evaporation)、不感蒸发(insensible perspiration)、发汗(sweating)或可感蒸发(sendbie evaporation)、热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron)、冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron)。
肾单位（nephron）、肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate, GFR）、滤过分数（fildtration fraction）、有效滤过压（effective filtration pressure）、水利尿（water diuresis）、渗透性利尿（osmotic diuresis）、重吸收( reabsoption)、管-球反馈（tubuloglomerular feedback）、滤过平衡（filtration equilibrium）、清除率（clearance）、球-管平衡（glomerulotubular balance）、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system）。
医学专业英语词汇
医学专业英语词汇1. Anatomy（解剖学）- The study of the structure of the human body.Anatomy（解剖学）- The study of the structure of the human body.2. Physiology（生理学）- The study of how the body functions.Physiology（生理学）- The study of how the body functions.3. Pathology（病理学）- The study of diseases and their effects on the body.Pathology（病理学）- The study of diseases and their effects on the body.4. Pharmacology（药理学）- The study of how drugs interact with the body.Pharmacology（药理学）- The study of how drugs interact with the body.5. Diagnosis（诊断）- The identification of a disease or condition.Diagnosis（诊断）- The identification of a disease or condition.6. Symptom（症状）- An indication of a disease or condition experienced by a patient.Symptom（症状）- An indication of a disease or condition experienced by a patient.7. Treatment（治疗）- The management or care provided to a patient to improve their condition.Treatment（治疗）- The management or care provided to a patient to improve their condition.8. Surgery（外科手术）- The medical specialty that involves operative procedures on the body.Surgery（外科手术）- The medical specialty that involves operative procedures on the body.9. Radiology（放射学）- The branch of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases.Radiology （放射学）- The branch of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases.10. Obstetrics（产科学）- The branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.Obstetrics（产科学）- The branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.这些词汇只是医学专业英语词汇的一小部分，但对于医学研究和实践非常重要。
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第一章绪论【专业英语词汇】生理学physiology内环境internal environment 神经调节nervous regulation 体液调节humoral regulation 旁分泌paracrine自身调节autoregulation正反馈positive feedback 组织液interstitial fluid稳态homeostasis反射弧reflex arc激素hormone神经分泌neurosecretion, neurocrine 负反馈negative feedback前馈feed-forward第二章细胞的基本功能【专业英语词汇】单纯扩散simple diffusion失活inactivation钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pump 入胞endocytosis 易化扩散facilitated diffusion主动转运active transport出胞exocytosis化学门控通道chemically gated channel跨膜信号转导transmembrane signal transduction电压门控通道voltage-gated channel 促离子型受体ionotrpic receptor 鸟苷酸结合蛋白, G-蛋白g uanine uncleotide-binding protein, G-protein环一磷酸腺苷cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP第二信使second messenger三磷酸肌醇inositol triphosphate, IP3G-蛋白耦联受体G-protein coupled receptor 酪氨酸激酶受体t yrosine kinase receptor兴奋性excitability刺激stimulus阈值threshold动作电位action potential超极化hyperpolarization复极化repolarization锋电位spike potential膜片钳patch clamp相对不应期relative refractory period 局部兴奋local excitation时间性总和temporal summation跳跃式传导saltatory conduction终板电位end-plate potential胆碱酯酶cholinesterase滑行理论sliding theory等长收缩isometric contraction完全强直收缩complete tetanus后负荷afterload长度-张力曲线length-tension curve 磷脂酶C phospholipase C二酰甘油diacylglycerol, DG促代谢型受体metabotropic receptor一氧化氮nitric oxide, NO兴奋excitation阈强度threshold intensity静息电位resting potential极化polarization去极化(除极化) depolarization超射overshoot (potential)“全或无”现象“all or none” phenomenon 绝对不应期absolute refractory period 阈电位threshold (membrane) potential电紧张性扩布electrotonic propagation 空间性总和spatial summation量子式释放quantal release乙酰胆碱acetylcholine, ACh兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction coupling 等张收缩isotonic contraction单收缩single twitch前负荷preload初长度initial length(肌肉)收缩能力contractility (of muscle)张力-速度(关系)曲线force velocity (relation) curve钙调蛋白calmodulin, CaM第三章血液【专业英语词汇】血浆plasma粘滞性viscosity胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure造血微环境hemopoietic microenvironment 血细胞比容hematocrit晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure 渗透脆性osmotic fragility悬浮稳定性suspension stability红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR 集落刺激因子colony stimulating factor, CSF内因子intrinsic factor促红细胞生成素e rythropoietin, EPO血小板粘附thrombocyte adhesion血栓烷A2(血栓素A2) thromboxane A2, TXA2血液凝固blood coagulation凝血因子blood clotting factor外源性凝血extrinsic coagulation纤维蛋白溶解系统fibrinolytic system 爆式促进因子burst promoting actvator,BPA肝素heparin生理性止血physiological hemostasis血小板聚集thrombocyte aggregation 前列环素prostacyclin, PGI2血清serum内源性凝血intrinsic coagulation 凝血酶thrombin纤溶酶原plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物 tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素) plasmin(红细胞)凝集 agglutination凝集素 agglutinin交叉配血试验 cross-match test 血型blood group凝集原agglutinogen人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen, HLA成分输血transfusion of blood components第四章血液循环【专业英语词汇】心动周期cardiac cycle心室舒张期ventricular diastole 快速射血期rapid ejection period 心音cardiac sound每搏输出量(搏出量) stroke volume output 心输出量cardiac output 心房收缩期atrial systole等容收缩期isovolumic systole减慢充盈期reduced filling period 心音图phonocardiogram射血分数ejection fraction心指数cardiac index心脏作功(量) myocardial work心力储备cardiac reserve传导性conductivity有效不应期effective refractory period 代偿间歇compensatory pause起搏点pacemaker异位心律ectopic rhythm超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression心电图electrocardiogram, ECG 阻力血管resistant vessel容量血管capacitance vessel血流量blood flow血流速度velocity of blood flow顺应性compliance收缩压systolic pressure脉搏压(脉压) pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure 微循环microcirculation直捷通路thoroughfare channel迂回通路circuitous channel重吸收reabsorption缩血管神经纤维v asoconstrictor fiber心血管中枢cardiovascular center压力感受器baroreceptor心肺感受器cardiopulmonary receptor 化学感受器chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器brain osmoreceptor 心室功能曲线ventricular function curve 自动节律性(自律性) autorhythmicity平台(期) plateau期前收缩premature systole起搏离子流pacemaker current窦性心律(normal) sinus rhythm抢先占领capture, preoccupation房-室延搁atrioventricular delay弹性储器血管windkessel vessel毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary resistant vessel短路血管shunt vessel血压blood pressure外周阻力peripheral resistance舒张压diastolic pressure动脉脉搏arterial pulse静脉回心血量venous return毛细血管前括约肌precapillary sphincter动-静脉短路arteriovenous shunt滤过filtration有效滤过压effctive filtration pressure, EFP 舒血管神经纤维vasodilator fiber压力感受性反射baroreceptor reflex缓冲神经buffer nerve容量感受器volume receptor防御反应defence reaction肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system循环系统平均充盈压mean circulatory filling pressure血管紧张素转换酶angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE肾上腺素epinephrine, E, or adrenalone, A去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine, NE, or noradrenalone, NA血管升压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin, VP (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) 血管活性肠肽vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor, EDRF激肽释放酶-激肽系统kallikrein-kinin system血管舒张素kalidin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG冠脉循环coronary circulation血-脑屏障blood-brain barrier, BBB 缓激肽bradykinin心房钠尿肽atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP 组胺histamine腺苷adenosine血-脑脊液屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier第五章呼吸【专业英语名词】呼吸respiration吸气inspiration腹式呼吸abdominal breathing平静呼吸eupn(o)ea,or quiet breathing 呼吸困难dysp(o)nea气胸pneumothorax比顺应性specific compliance气道阻力airway resistance 肺通气pulmonary ventilation 呼气expiration胸式呼吸thoracic breathing用力呼吸forced breathing肺内压intrapulmonary pressure 胸膜腔内压intrapleural pressure肺表面活性物质p ulmonary surfactant潮气量tidal volume, TV补吸气量(吸气储备量) inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补呼气量(呼气储备量) exspiratory reserve volume, ERV功能残气量(功能余气量) functional residual capacity, FRC残气量(余气量) residual volume, RV肺活量vital capacity, VC时间肺活量timed vital capacity肺总量total lung capacity, TLC 解剖无效腔anatomical dead space 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation气体扩散速率diffusion rate of gas氧合oxygenation氧含量oxygen content氧解离曲线 oxygen dissociation curve肺牵张反射pulmonary stretch reflex 深吸气量inspiratory capacity, IC用力肺活量forced vital capacity, FVC用力呼气量forced expiratory volume, FEV 每分通气量minute ventilation volume肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space气体交换gas exchange通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio氧容量oxygen capacity氧饱和度oxygen saturation呼吸调整中枢pneumotaxic center吸气切断机制inspiratory off-switch mechanism第六章消化和吸收【专业英语名词】消化digestion基本电节律basic electrical rhythm, BER 粘膜下神经丛submucosal plexus胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin, CCK抑胃肽gastric inhibitory polypeptide 唾液saliva胃液gastric juice 吸收absorption慢波slow wave肌间神经丛myenteric plexus 胃泌素gastrin胰泌素secretin营养作用trophic action蠕动peristalsis盐酸hydrochloric acid胃蛋白酶原pepsinogen粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障mucus-bicarbonate barrier 假饲sham-feeding胃泌素释放肽gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP 肠-胃反射entero-gastric reflex胃排空gastric emptying胰液pancreatic juice胰脂肪酶lipase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胆汁bile, or gall 胃蛋白酶pepsin生长抑素somatostatin蛙皮素bombesin肠抑胃素enterogastrone容受性舒张receptive relaxation 迷走-迷走反射vago-vagal reflex 胰淀粉酶pancreatic amylase 胰蛋白酶原trypsinogen糜蛋白酶原chymotrypsinogen 肠致活酶enterokinase胆盐bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环e nterohepatic circulation of bile salt排便defection 分节运动segmentation contraction 第七章能量代谢和体温【专业英语词汇】能量代谢energy metabolism食物的热价thermal equivalent of food 氧债oxygen debt呼吸商respiratory quotient, RQ氧热价(氧卡价) thermal equivalent of oxygen (caloric value of oxygen)食物特殊动力效应specific dynamic effect of food体温body temperature生物节律biorhythm战栗产热shivering thermogenesis寒冷性肌紧张thermal muscle tone辐射散热thermal radiation对流散热thermal convection不感蒸发(不显汗) insensible perspiration 体温调节regulation of body temperature 热敏神经元warm-sensitive neuron 基础代谢率basal metabolism rate, BMR 昼夜节律circadian rhythm生物钟biologic clock产热heat production, or thermogenesis 散热thermolysis, or body heat loss 传导散热thermal conduction蒸发(散热) evaporation发汗perspiration, or sweating调定点set point冷敏神经元cold-sensitive neuron致热源pyrogen视前区-下丘脑前部preoptic-anterior hypothylamus area, POAH 第八章尿的生成和排出【专业英语词汇】尿生成urine formation球旁器(近球小体) juxtaglomerular apparatus 肾血流量renal blood flow肾小球滤过率glomerular filtration rate, GFR 滤过平衡filtration equibibrium分泌secretion尿的浓缩urine concentration渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis定比重吸收constant fraction reabsorption 内移(内化) internalization醛固酮aldosterone菊粉(菊糖) inulin 尿排出urine excretion致密斑macula densa管-球反馈tubuloglomerular feedback 滤过分数filtration fraction肾血浆流量renal plasma flow肾糖阈renal glucose threshold尿的稀释urine dilution球-管平衡glomerulotubular balance 回漏back leak水利尿water diuresis清除率clearance排尿micturition第九章感觉器官的功能【专业英语词汇】感觉器官sense organ适宜刺激adequate stimulus发生器电位generator potential编码(作用) encoding视觉vision视敏度(视力) visual acuity近点near point眼球会聚convergence of the eyeball 视杆细胞rod晚光觉系统 nightlight perceptive system视锥系统cone system视紫红质rhodopsin视黄醛retinene暗适应dark adaptation视野visual field气传导air conduction螺旋器(柯蒂器) Corti’s organ 感受器receptor换能作用transducer function感受器电位receptor potential适应adaptation简化眼reduced eye(眼的)调节accommodation (of the eye) 瞳孔近反射pupillary near reflex瞳孔对光反射pupillary light reflex视杆系统rod system视锥细胞cone昼光觉系统daylight perceptive system 视蛋白opsin传递蛋白transducin明适应light adaptation听觉audition骨传导bone conduction行波理论travelling wave theory(耳蜗)微音器电位(cochlear) microphonic potential前庭自主神经性反应vestibular autonervous reaction平衡感觉quilibrium sensation嗅觉olfactory sensation, or smell 皮肤感觉cutaneous sensation温度觉temperature sensation 眼震颤nystagmus味觉gustatory sensation, or taste 触-压觉touch and pressure sensation 痛觉pain第十章神经系统的功能【专业英语词汇】神经冲动nerve impulse 神经营养性因子n eurotrophin, NT 顺向轴浆运输anterograde anxoplasmic transport逆向轴浆运输retrograde axoplasmic transport兴奋性突触后电位excitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP突触后抑制 postsynaptic inhibition突触前易化 presynaptic facilitation回返性抑制 recurrent inhibition强直后增强 posttetanic potentiation敏感化sensitization长时程抑制 long-term depression, LTD 突触前抑制presynaptic inhibition传入侧支性抑制afferent collateral inhibition 可塑性plasticity习惯化habituation长时程增强long-term potentiation, LTP 突触延搁synaptic delay非突触性化学传递non-synaptic chemical transmission电突触传递 electrical synaptic transmission局部神经元回路l ocal neuronal circuit, LNC交互性突触reciprocal synapse神经调质neuromodulator递质共存coexistence of transmitters同源脱敏homologous desensitization 胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiber毒蕈碱样作用muscarine-like action烟碱样作用nicotine-like action肌肉型烟碱受体m uscle-type nicotinic receptor儿茶酚胺catecholamine肾上腺素能纤维a drenergic fiber 局部回路神经元local circuit neuron, LCN串联性突触serial synapse神经递质neurotransmitter调制作用modulation突触前受体presynaptic receptor异源脱敏heterologous desensitization胆碱能受体cholinergic receptor毒蕈碱受体muscarinic receptor烟碱受体nicotinic receptor神经元型烟碱受体neuronal-type nicotinic receptor 多巴胺dopamine, DA肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT or serotonin谷氨酸glutamic acid, or glutamate 非条件反射unconditioned reflex辐散状联系divergence connection后放(后发放) after discharge多突触反射polysynaptic reflex非特异投射系统n on-specificprojection system γ-氨基丁酸γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA 条件反射conditioned reflex聚合状联系convergence connection单突触反射monosynaptic reflex特异投射系统specific projection system 感觉柱sensory column网状结构上行激动系统ascending reticular activating system本体感觉peoprioception皮层诱发电evoked cortical potential 牵涉痛referred pain脑电图electroencephalogram, EEG自发脑电活动spontaneous electric activity of the brainα波阻断alpha blocking脑电觉醒electroencephalogram arousal 快波睡眠fast wave sleep, FWS快速眼球运动rapid eye movements, REM 最后公路final common path腱反射tendon reflex肌梭muscle spindle随意运动voluntary movement锥体系pyramidal system脊休克spinal shock屈肌反射flexor reflex去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity翻正反射righting reflex静止性震颤static tremor意向性震颤intention tremor交感神经sympathetic nerve 行为觉醒behavioral arousal慢波睡眠slow wave sleep, SWS 异相睡眠paradoxical sleep, PS 上行抑制系统ascending inhibitory system 牵张反射stretch reflex肌紧张muscle tonus梭内肌纤维intrafusal fiber运动柱motor column锥体外系extrapyramidal system 姿势反射postural reflex对侧伸肌反射crossed extensor reflex 状态反射attitudinal reflex震颤麻痹paralysis agitans舞蹈病chorea小脑性共济失调cerebellar ataxia副交感神经parasympathetic nerve下丘脑调节肽hypothalamus regulatory peptide, HRP边缘系统limbic system 本能行为instinctual behavior情绪反应emotional reaction饱中枢satiety center假怒sham rage奖赏系统reward system惩罚系统punishment system动机motivation操作式条件反射operate conditioned reflex 长时性记忆long term memory失写症agraphia失读症alexia失用症apraxia 摄食中枢feeding center格斗-逃避反应fight-flight reaction防御反应区defense zone趋向系统approach system回避系统avoidance system强化reinforcement短时性记忆short term memory运动失语症motor aphasia感觉失语症sensory aphasia一侧优势laterality cerebral dominance 裂脑split brain第十一章内分泌【专业英语词汇】内分泌endocrine自分泌autocrine允许作用permissive action增量调节(上调) up regulation远距分泌telecrine神经激素neurohormone亲和力affinity减量调节(下调) down regulation促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH促性腺激素释放激素gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH生长素释放抑制激素(生长抑素) growth hormone releasing-inhibiting hormone, GHRIH,or somatostatin生长素释放激素growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH催乳素释放抑制因子prolactin releasing-inhibiting factor, PIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放抑制因子melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing-inhibiting factor, MIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放因子melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing factor, MRF促甲状腺激素thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH促卵泡激素follicle stimulating hormone, FSH促黑(素细胞)激素melanophore stimulating hormone, MSH催乳素释放因子prolactin releasing factor, PRF促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropin, ACTH胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor, IGF黄体生成素luteinizing hormone, LH催乳素prolactin, PRL生长素介质somatomedin, SM甲状腺素(四碘甲腺原氨酸) thyroxin, or 3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodoythyronine, T4甲状旁腺激素parathyroid hormone, PTH1,25-二羟胆钙化醇1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol精品文档盐皮质激素mineralocorticoid雌二醇estradiol, E2应急反应emergency reaction胰高血糖素glucagon褪黑素melatonin, MT第十二章生殖【专业英语词汇】生殖reproduction睾酮testosterone, T 抑制素inhibin排卵ovulation月经周期menstrual cycle 孕激素progestogen妊娠pregnancy着床implantation 生精作用spermatogenesis雄激素androgen,or androgenic hormone 生卵作用oogenesis月经menstruation雌激素estrogen孕酮progesterone, P受精fertilization分娩parturition人绒毛膜促性腺激素human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG。