国际经贸高级英语精读第4单元课文翻译及答案
GCT综合英语第4单元课文翻译
仅做参考好好学习，天天向上Unit 4International TradeMost countries realize the advantages of world trade. Countries have developed their economies, increased production of goods, and met market demands through increased world trade. The interdependence among trading nations has provided increased business opportunities.International trade develops because certain countries are able to produce some goods more efficiently than other countries. They exchange goods to satisfy their needs and wants. Efficient production may be the result of several factors. A certain climate in a particular country may allow that country to grow agricultural products in abundance. For instance, the climates in the United States and Canada are suitable for production of large amounts of wheat. Natural resources such as oil or coal are abundant in other countries. Countries with a large pool of unskilled laborers are able to produce products which are labor intensive more cheaply than countries with highly paid, skilled labor forces. Another factor is geographical location. Countries like Singapore and Panama engage in banking and trading because they are located on world trade routes.The Scottish economist, Adam Smith, theorized that free market countries produce whatever they can most efficiently grow or manufacture, or what is of the greatest advantage to them. In other words, if they can make more money growing cotton than making cloth, they grow cotton and export it. Then they importcloth from a country that makes cloth more efficiently than it grows cotton. In an uncontrolled free market trade situation, there is international specialization which results in the most efficient production of goods. Therefore, competition guarantees that countries import products which are most efficiently manufactured abroad and export products which are most efficiently produced domestically. Price is determined by the supply side of the market. Smith' s theory was a theory of absolute advantage. The English economist, David Ricardo, refined Smith's theory to one of comparative advantage . He theorized that an exporting country does not have to be the most efficient producer of the product; it only has to be more efficient than the country which imports the product. Mutually beneficial trade arises when one country has a comparative advantage.There are several reasons why governments try to control the imports and exports of a country. One reason is that a country enjoys an advantage if it exports more than it imports. Wealth accrues to the exporting country. Some countries have special programs to encourage exports. They may be programs that provide marketing information, establish trade missions, subsidize exports,and provide tax benefits or incentives. Government subsidies allow companies to sell products cheaply. Sometimes these subsidized companies export their products and sell them cheaply overseas. This practice is known as dumping. Dumping is selling on a foreign market at a price below the cost of production.On the other hand, governments impose taxes and quotas to restrict importsof certain products. For example, to protect Japanese farmers, Japan limits the amount of produce that can be imported. Sometimes governments want to protect a domestic industry because that industry provides employment for the population. Not only the industries, but also the labor unions encourage the government to enact protectionist controls.Protectionist measures are in the form of duties which eliminate the comparative advantage or quotas which restrict the import of the product altogether. There are two forms of import tariffs: specific and ad valorem. A specific tariff is a certain amount of tax for each unit of the product, for example $ 500 for each automobile. An advalorem tariff is based on the value of the product, for example 5% of its value.In order to import and export products, there needs to be a system of inter-national monetary exchange. While a few products like oil are always priced in dollars, most products must be paid for with the legal tender of the producing country. International trade involves the exchange of one currency for another. Most currencies are now exchanged on a floating rate basis. There are no official exchange rates. The rates fluctuate according to market forces. If large amounts of a country's currency are being exchanged, the exchange rate may vary greatly because of demand, and therefore, the price of a currency is either rising or falling. Sometimes these great fluctuations in value threaten economic stability: then central banks change market forces by purchasing a foreign currency to support its price and maintain stability.The amount of money that goes in and out of a country is referred to as the balance of payments. If a country is exporting more than it imports, it is receiving foreign currency and has a balance of trade surplus. If it is importing more than it exports, it is sending money out of the country and has a balance of trade deficit. Continued surpluses or deficits change the demand for the currency of a country and cause its value to float either upward or downward.The comparative advantage which exporting countries enjoy sometimes changes. If transportation costs increase or currency exchange rates change, it may become cheaper to produce the product in the market country, especially if large amounts are involved. Exporting companies sometimes set up subsidiaries in the market countries.The larger company is referred to as the parent company. Some countries have laws restricting the foreign ownership of factories or other production facilities, while others encourage foreign investment. A large company that sets up production facilities in several different countries is referred to as a multinational. Multinational corporations develop a global philosophy ofmanagement, marketing and production, they choose to operate in those countries that afford them comparative advantages.国际贸易很多国家都意识到国际贸易的益处。
国际经贸高级英语精读1--3课课文翻译
Starting as low-income economies in the 1960s, a few economies in East Asia managed,in a few decades, to bridge all or nearly all of the income gap that separated them from the high-income economies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Meanwhile many other developing economies stagnated .What made the difference?One way to grow is by developing hitherto unexploited land.Another is to accumulate physical capital:roads, factories, telephone networks.A third is to expand the labor force and increase its education and training.But Hong Kong (China) and Singapore had almost no land.They did invest heavily in physical capital and in educating their populations,but so did many other economies.During the 1960s through the 1980s the Soviet Union accumulated more capital as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) than did Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, or Taiwan (China).And it increased the education of its population in no trivial measure. Yet the Soviets generated far smaller increases in living standards during that period than did these four East Asian economies.Perhaps the difference was that the East Asian economies did not build, work, and grow harder so much as they built, worked, and gr ew smarter.Could knowledge, then, have been behind East Asia’s surge ?If so, the implications are enormous,for that would mean that knowledge is the key to development—that knowledge is development.How important was knowledge for East Asia’s growt h spurt ?This turned out not to be an easy question to answer.The many varieties of knowledge combine with its limited marketability to present a formidable challenge to anyone seeking to evaluate the effect of knowledge on economic growth.How, after all, does one put a price tag on and add up the various types of knowledge?What common denominator lets us sum the knowledge that firms use in their production processes; the knowledge that policymaking institutions use to formulate, monitor, and evaluate policies; the knowledge that people use in their economic transactions and social interactions?What is the contribution of books and journals, of R&D spending, of the stock of information and communications equipment, of the learning and know-how of scientists, engineers, and students? Compound ing the difficulty is the fact that many types of knowledge are accumulated and exchanged almost exclusively within networks, traditional groups, and professional associations.That makes it virtually impossible to put a value on such knowledge.Reflecting these difficulties in quantify ing knowledge,efforts to evaluate the aggregate impact of knowledge on growth have often proceeded indirectly, by postulat ing that knowledge explains the part of growth that cannot be explained by the accumulation of tangible and identifiable factors, such as labor or capital.The growth not accounted for by these factors of production—the residual in the calculation—is attributed to growth in their productivity, that is, using the other factors smarter, through knowledge.This residual is sometimes called the Solow residual, after the economist Robert M. Solow,who spearheaded the approach in the 1950s,and what it purports to measure is conventionally called total factor productivity (TFP) growth.Some also call the Solow residual a measure of our ignorance ,because it represents what we cannot account for. Indeed, we must be careful not to attribute all of TFP growth to knowledge,or there may be other factors lurking in the Solow residual.Many other things do contribute to growth—institutions are an example—but are not reflected in the contributions of the more measurable factors.Their effect is (so far) inextricably woven into TFP growth.In early TFP analyses,physical capital was modeled as the only country-specific factor that could be accumulated to better people’s lives.Technical progress and other intangible factors were said to be universal, equally available to all people in all countries,and thus could not explain growth differencesbetween countries.Their contributions to growth were lumped with the TFP growth numbers.Although this assumption was convenient, it quickly became obvious that physical capital was not the only factor whose accumulation drove economic growth. A study that analyzed variations in growth rates across a large number of countries showed that the accumulation of physical capital explained less than 30 percent of those variations.The rest—70 percent or more—was attributed directly or indirectly to the intangible factors that make up TFP growth (Table 1.1).Later attempts introduced human capital to better explain the causes of economic growth.A higher level of education in the population means that more people can learn to use better technology. Education was surely a key ingredient in the success of four of the fastest-growing East Asian economies: Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan (China). Before their transformation from developing into industrializing economies, their school enrollment rates had been much higher than those of other developing countries (Table 1.2).They had also emphasized advanced scientific and technical studies—as measured by their higher ratios of students in technical fields than in even some industrial countries—thus enhancing their capacity to import sophisticated technologies.Moreover, the importance of education for economic growth had long been recognized and established empirically .One study had found that growth in years of schooling explained about 25 percent of the increase in GDP per capita in the United States between 1929 and 1982.Adding education reduced the part of growth that could not be explained,thus shrinking the haystack in which TFP growth (and knowledge) remained hidden.Some analysts even concluded, perhaps too quickly,that physical and human capital, properly accounted for, explained all or virtually all of the East Asian economies’ rapid growth,leaving knowledge as a separate factor out of the picture.One re ason these analysts came up with low values for TFP growth is that they incorporated improvements in labor and equipment into their measurement of factor accumulation.So even their evidence of low TFP growth in East Asia does not refute the importance of closing knowledge gaps.Indeed, it shows that the fast-growing East Asian economies had a successful strategy to close knowledge gaps:by investing in the knowledge embodi ed in physical capital, and by investing in people and institutions to enhance the capability to absorb and use knowledge.Looking beyond East Asia,other growth accounting studies have examined larger samples of countries.Even when human capital is accounted for,the unexplained part of growth remains high.One such study, of 98 countries with an unweighted average growth rate of output per worker of 2.24 percent,found that 34 percent (0.76 percentage point) of that growth came from physical capital accumulation,20 percent (0.45 percentage point) from human capital accumulation,and as much as 46 percent (just over 1 percentage point) from TFP growth.Even more remains to be explained in variations in growth rates across countries. The same study found the combined role of human and physical capital to be as low as 9 percent, leaving the TFP residual at a staggering 91 percent.To take another example:Korea and Ghana had similarly low incomes per capita in the 1950s,but by 1991 Korea’s income per capita was more than seven times Ghana’s.Much of that gap remains unexplained even when human capital is taken into account .All these results are subject to measurement problems.For example, the measured stock of human capital may overstate the actual quantity used in producing goods and services.High rates of school enrollment or attainment (years completed) may not translate into higher rates of economic growthif the quality of education is poor, or if educated people are not employed at their potential because of distortion s in the labor market.Moreover, it is now evident that education without openness to innovation and knowledge will notlead to economic development.The people of the former Soviet Union, like the people of the OECD countries and East Asia, were highly educated, with nearly 100 percent literacy .And for an educated population it is possible,through foreign direct investment and other means,to acquire and use information about the latest production and management innovations in other countries.But the Soviet Union placed severe restrictions on foreign investment, foreign collaboration, and innovation.Its work force did not adapt and change as new information became available elsewhere in the world, and consequently its economy suffered a decline.(excerpted from World Development Report 1998/1999)一些东亚国家在20世纪60年代还是低收入国家，但是在短短的几十年之间，他们成功地弥补了其与经济合作与发展组织（OECD）中高收入国家之间的差距；与此同时，也有许多发展中国家的经济停滞不前。
第4单元A课文翻译
参考译文应对非法、不受管制和不作报告的捕捞(非法捕捞)的贸易措施1. 贸易措施正越来越多地被用来打击非法，未报告和无管制的捕捞（非法捕捞）。
这些措施的目的是防止非法捕捞所得的鱼和鱼产品进入国际市场。
日益严格的与贸易有关的措施往往伴随着重大的挑战，特别是对于发展中国家那些来自于小规模渔业的鱼和鱼产品。
无论发展中国家所提供的产品是否合法，由于缺乏资源和基础设施，他们往往不能参与到鱼和鱼产品的国际贸易中。
换句话说，合法来源的鱼和鱼产品也有可能被排除在国际贸易之外，因为他们不能实施与贸易措施相关的行政要求。
这也可能会为进口国的渔业加工部门带来问题，因为这些渔业加工部门依赖从发展中国家进口原材料来供应生产。
2. 非法捕捞已经成为一个全球性问题，并且发生在几乎所有范围内的捕捞渔业中，包括国家管辖海域到公海。
人们日益认识到，非法捕捞破坏一个国家和国际渔业养护和管理，甚至将导致资源枯竭，转而使得渔业部门不能满足这个国家以及全球经济的、社会的和环境的目标而且也会威胁到依靠捕鱼为生的人的生计。
最近的一项研究估计每年非法捕捞的成本约为100亿到235亿美元。
3. 针对非法捕捞的贸易措施会对源自非法捕捞的产品采取行动，会禁止从破坏渔业养护和管理的国家进口产品，会禁止缺乏所需合法文件的船只运货。
大约百分之三十七的全球渔业产量会进入国际贸易的流通，因此必须要执行国际法规或措施来确保国际贸易中所流通的鱼不是来自非法捕捞。
4. 应对非法捕捞的贸易措施主要是通过区域渔业管理组织（RFMOs）来执行。
可喜的是，应对非法捕捞的贸易措施已经在国家层面上开始执行由，比如说智利，美国和欧盟。
5. 智利2009年12月，智利对进口的水生物种或副产品引入新要求。
进口产品必须能提供证书来证明产品的合法来源以及证明被捕获的进口物种符合原产国的国家和国际条例。
对于渔业产品而言，用于生产的水生物种或原材料也必须依照上述规定。
6. 美国2007年1月以来，美国发布一份两年期报告来通报拥有从事非法捕捞的船只的国家。
大学英语精读4课后翻译答案(上外)1(精)
大学英语精读 4部分汉译英翻译unit21. 比尔已是个成熟的小伙子,不再依赖父母替他作主。
Bill is a mature young man who is no longer dependent on his parents for decisions.2. 这个地区有大量肉类供应,但新鲜果蔬奇缺。
There are abundant supplies of meat in this region, but fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce. 3. 工程师们依靠工人们的智慧,发明了一种新的生产方法,使生产率得以提高。
Drawing on the wisdom of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity.4. 他花了许多时间准备数学考试,因此当他获知自己只得了个 B 时感到有点失望。
He spent a lot of time preparing for his math exam. Hence he was somewhat disappointed to learn that he got only a B.5. 我们有充裕的时间从从容容吃顿午饭。
We have ample time for a leisurely lunch.6. 地方政府不得不动用储备粮并采取其他紧急措施,以便渡过粮食危机。
The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food crisis.unit61. 那位卫生部副部长一再强调把中西医结合起来是多么重要。
罗汉国际经贸高级英语Unit4United We Stand 中文版
Unit 4 United We Stand?1991年12月，欧洲12个国家签署了具有历史意义的马斯特里赫特条约，并在这样做时，创造了现在被称为欧洲货币联盟（EMU）的单一货币贸易区。
马斯特里赫特条约概述了欧洲货币联盟的国家将用单一的货币---欧元取代它们各自货币的过程，欧元将由一个单一的欧洲央行控制。
1999年1月，各国货币与欧元之间的汇率都应当绝对固定，到2002年1月，国家货币都应该被完全淘汰。
然而，德国，法国和其他一些欧元区国家能够满足该时间期限，达到合约要求，但许多其他国家因为困难重重已经推迟了关于马斯特里赫特条约规定，可能无法按照合约时间固定汇率。
尽管多数欧洲政府官员目前都持乐观态度，但已经历过的困难并不预示着当前形式下的欧洲货币联盟有好的未来。
虽然目前的问题集中在控制政府赤字，以符合《马斯特里赫特条约》中的条件，但是近期发生的汇率危机对这项计划是否真正值得推行提出了质疑。
如果这些问题得不到解决，国家的经济不应该被强迫以适应马斯特里赫特的条件和武断的时间期限，因为这样的行动只会造成不必要的经济混乱。
货币统一目前的延迟是必要的；更谨慎将符合欧洲人民的最佳利益。
为什么要货币联盟为了正确评估欧洲货币联盟所面临的困境，必须仔细分析尤其要注意当前系统的经济成本和效益。
目前每个国家都有不同的货币，相对货币价值趋于波动，除非受限于人工的国际协议。
货币波动的发生有多种原因，最重要的即国家经常扩大或减少流通的货币量。
货币供应量的增加会迫使货币贬值，较低的汇率增加出口，以提高经济的总产出。
货币紧缩会导致相反的效果，也趋于降低通货膨胀。
因此，欧洲央行目前使用的货币供应量的控制，以保持国家的通货膨胀率很低，扩大了陷入衰退的国家经济的范围。
欧洲货币联盟的好处在于能消除存在多种货币带来的经济成本。
存在不同货币中最明显的成本是必须花费从一种货币转换为另一种货币的资源。
例如，如果一家德国公司的盈利法国法郎，它必须把法国法郎换成德国马克以支付其雇员。
大学英语精读4翻译
1.我知道，不管发生什么情况，我都可以依靠兄弟的支持。
I knew I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2.一般说来，年轻一代和老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是对过去更感兴趣。
但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需要，就都会遭受损失。
As a general rule, unlike the older generation, the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present rather than the past, but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.3.中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.4.在中国的传统艺术和文学中，竹子和松树往往象征着道德上的正直和刚正不阿。
In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree usually symbolize moral integrity and uprightness.5.女皇伊丽莎白一世统治英国45年。
在她统治时期，国家十分繁荣昌盛。
Queen Elizabeth 1 ruled England for 45 years, and the nation prospered under her rule.6.民主意味着多数人来统治；但不仅如此，尊重少数人反对的权利也是民主不可分的一部分。
这两条规则同等重要。
国际经贸高级英语精读与翻译
销活动。
• 产品销售渠道
• 含义
• 销售渠道（channel）所谓销售渠道是指"产品从生产者向消费者转移 所经过的通道或途径，它是由一系列相互依赖的组织机构组成的商业 机构。即产品由生产者到用户的流通过程中所经历的各个环节连接起 来形成的通道。销售渠道的起点是生产者，终点是用户，中间环节包 括各种批发商、零售商、商业服务机构（如经纪人、交易市场等）。
• According to the wellknown ‘Four Ps’ formulation of the marketing mix(product, place, promotion and price),this is clearly a matter of promotion. Since budgets are always limit, marketers, usually have to decide which tools-advertising, public relations, sales promotion, or personal selling-to use ,and in what proportion.
• 1 推销人员
• 推销人员是指主动向推销对象销售商品的推销主体，包括各类推销员。在推 销的三个基本要素中，推销人员是最关键的。真正的推销不是推销产品，而 是推销自己。推销成功与否，往往取决于你的服务精神和态度，因为你是世 界上独一无二的，只有顾客喜欢你的为人、你的个性、你的风格，他才会购 买你的产品。尽管说"每个人都是推销员"，但对职业化的推销员来讲，推销 具有更丰富的内涵。
• "营销理念" 背后的基本内 容--你做你能卖的, 而不是 卖你做的--并不意味着你 的产品会自行出售。即使 是一个很好的, 有吸引力 的价格产品, 显然满足了 需求, 必须让它知道它的 目标......。客户。在标准 产品生命周期的引入和成 长阶段, 生产者 (或进口商 等) 必须开发产品或品牌 ......, 即通知潜在客户 (和 经销商、经销商和零售商 ) 关于该产品的存在性、 特点、优势等。
国际经贸高级英语精读与翻译
2.利益与社会责任 企业社会责任和企业利益之间，德隆克曾经讲商业组织的 目的是创造顾客。作为企业如果要创造更多的顾客，顾客确实 为企业本身带来商业利益。作为责任来讲他本身所有的方式是 参与到全过程，企业本身的利益也是和社会各个关系人联系在 一起的，一直以来应该是利润最大化，要对股东负责，但事实 上企业要保持一个能够持续成长的趋势，实际上不应该仅仅局 限于为股东负责，实际上是站在利润最大化上面。 所以我们认为，企业就像一棵种子，社会就是一块土地，如果 这个企业本身能够种入到土地中间去，这个企业不是纯粹站在 企业自身的利益，种子在土里死掉才能产生新的生物，长出更 多的树木回馈社会。所以企业更多的时候在利益和社会责任之 间找到平衡。
Unit 15 Business EthicsOnce Sold, Caveat Emptor.
2014-12-23
1
学习目标
• 本单元的要点 • 本单元主要是一篇关于商业的社会责任的不同观 点的文章，以及讨论某些商业做法的论理问题的 练习。有些人认为，商业的目的以及经理的作用 就是为公司所有者、股份或股票持有者获取最大 的利润；另外一些人认为公司绝对不能欺骗顾客， 但是这只是出于商业考虑而不是出于道德上的考 虑：一个对公司失望的顾客以后不再购买该公司 的产品。还有一些人坚持认为公司对顾客、员工、 生意上的伙伴、当地的社区、整个社会以及自然 环境具有社会和道德上的责任，这种责任与为股 份持有者创造金钱的回报一样重要，甚至更加重 要。从课文中可以看到这些不同的观点。
3howrelationshipbetweenprofitmaximizationbusinessethics词汇和短语词汇和短语bribery贿赂builtinobsolescence内置废弃内在的废品charity慈善compensation补偿赔偿disapprove不赞成ethics伦理道德规范industrialespionage工业间谍legitimacy合法性正统性lobby游说议员词汇和短语词汇和短语perfectcompetition完全竞争pollution污染proponent建议者支持者拥护者rational合理的理性的socialresponsibility社会责任stakeholder利益相关者unbusinesslike无组织的无效能的vitality活力welfarecapitalism福利资本主义whistleblowing裁判仲裁profitssocialresponsibilitysummarizearticle课文压缩profitssocialresponsibilitysummarize1920smanylargeamerican20世纪20年代很多的美companiesbeganbuildnewsystems国大企业开始建立一些新的goodobviouslygoodcompanies
(完整版)精读4第一课thinkingasahobby课后答案
Thinking as a hobbyPreview31.那只是个口误，却让他丢了政府部门的工作。
2.当听到那所大学没有授予她儿子博士学位时，她的情绪一下低落了。
3.照片上我们看到她赛后自豪而满足地挥舞着国旗的样子。
4.电影遭禁演，因为他们声称其中含有令他们反感的反对他们种族的内容。
5.他和他的内阁成员讨论的时候，当然不会谈这些小事。
6.我的小小建议就写在这一小纸片上，请你见到她时给她。
7.有些人坚决反对，但大多数特洛伊人都决定要把那木马弄进城里。
他们永远没有想到这个怪物里面藏着敌人。
8.我觉得教师进课堂时应该穿得朴素些，你的这件衣服颜色稍显艳丽了。
（a trifle too loud trifle这里表示程度，“有一点，稍微”的意思；loud 除了声音大以外，还有“刺眼、招摇”的意思）Vocabulary11.bang the door 7. sink one’s head2.cheer His Majesty 8. symbolize the nation3.contemplate the statue 9. warm one’s hands4.devise a new method 10. ruin one’s health5.gain a reputation 11. play an important role6.inspire the people 12. settle the issue1.永恒的真理11. 狂热的（使人兴奋冲动的）爱国热情2.文件柜12. 无情的入侵者3.无稽之谈13. 首相4.违规行为14. 思维过程5.常客15. 国际联盟6.新鲜空气16. 一篇条理清楚的文章7.格调很高的独白（一个人唱高调）17. 一位口译好手8.一种固定的观点18. 一种不可阻挡的趋势/潮流9.言语障碍19. 烂苹果10.可怕的风21. was utterly disgusting2. was given to frequent shopping sprees3. saw the folly fell into the other fault cut down4. faint reel/walked unsteadily in anguish/miserably5. justify countered by saying If anything ruin6. vanish of itself combat put in its place7. stand by him/ support him/ back him up showed his open contempt and mockery to8. viewed symbolized in eternal panic lest9. dismiss lightly it might be Nazism all over again10. too much for few and far between few and far between31.I know I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2.Normally/As a rule, the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present ratherthan the past unlike the older generation, but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.3.The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.4.In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree always symbolize moralintegrity and uprightness.5.Queen Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years, and the nation prospered under her rule.6.Democracy means that the majority rules. But that’s not all. Respect for minority’s right todisagree is also an integral part of democracy. The two rules are of equal importance.7. a nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated politically, economically, culturally aswell as geographically.8.The party was boring, so he slipped out of the room and went home. But the road was somuddy after the rain that he slipped and fell into a ditch.9.Her health was such that she would not dare to be exposed to the sun even in winter lest shegot sunstroke.10.I was drowning my sorrow one night in a small restaurant when he came over to me andslipped a roll of money in my hand.。
大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩 不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动 被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白 如果事情看起来好得不像真的 那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话 这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说 需要招聘人投递这样的袋子 这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子 真使我痛心 ”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴 便离城出差去了。
午夜时分 我已远离家门 在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了 是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样?”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告 第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥 但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的 我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责 事情原来是这样 由于发生了一起报业工人罢工 通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页 必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金 任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿 两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告 我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。
高级综合商务英语unit4课文翻译
今年 1 月，史蒂夫 ?乔布斯 (Steve Jobs)走上旧金山芳草地艺术中心(Yerba Buena Center)的舞台发布iPad，完成了现代商业史上最引人注目的一次复出。
这不仅仅关乎半年前迫使他退居幕后的疾病。
病魔一度令乔布斯严重消瘦，最终不得不进行肝脏移植手术。
而就在十多年前，几乎所有人认为乔布斯的事业及其共同创立的苹果公司(Apple)已经走上绝路。
硅谷和华尔街都断定，它们已经与科技的未来无缘。
然而，到了今年初，苹果已然重生。
在1 月份的发布会之前，即使是按照乔布斯自己的苛刻标准衡量，外界对苹果的期望程度也是异乎寻常的。
批评者总是用贬抑的口吻谈论乔布斯创造的“现实扭曲场” ：他能让观众信服，那些在其他厂商手中似乎尚未成形的技术已经被苹果完美地应用。
为了激起消费者购买他们自己也不知道是否真正需要的电子产品的欲望，打消他们的疑虑极其关键，而乔布斯则早就被公认为这种艺术形式的大师。
这不仅仅关乎半年前迫使他退居幕后的疾病。
病魔一度令乔布斯严重消瘦，最终不得不进行肝脏移植手术。
而就在十多年前，几乎所有人认为乔布斯的事业及其共同创立的苹果公司(Apple)已经走上绝路。
硅谷和华尔街都断定，它们已经与科技的未来无缘。
对于 F?斯科特 ?菲茨杰拉德 (F. Scott Fitzgerald)广为流传的名言（美国人的生命中没有第二幕）而言，没有比这更坚决的反驳了。
乔布斯首次登上报纸头条时，甚至比现在的马克?扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)还要年轻。
早在书呆子备受追捧之前，由于在普及个人电脑(PC)中发挥的关键作用，以及苹果在华尔街的成功上市（当时乔布斯年仅 25 岁），乔布斯就成为了科技界的第一个摇滚明星。
如今，三十年过去了，乔布斯成为了在塑造世纪之交的世界中居功至伟的美国西海岸的几大科技巨头之一。
他的老对手比尔 ?盖茨 (Bill Gates)或许更富有，而且在盖茨的事业巅峰时期，凭借其在 PC 软件领域的垄断，可以说盖茨的影响力比乔布斯更大。
国际经贸高级英语精读第4单元课文翻译及答案
Though the majority of European government officials are currently optimistic, the difficulties that have been experienced do not bode well for the future of the EMU in its present form. While current problems center on controlling government deficits to meet Maastricht conditions, the exchange rate crises of the recent past call into question the basic desirability of the project. Until these issues are addressed, national economies should not be forced to fit Maastricht conditions and arbitrary deadlines, as such action will only create unnecessary economic turmoil. The current delays in monetary unification are necessary; more caution would be in the best interest of the people of Europe.
expecting payment in French francs will see the value of that payment fall if the franc depreciates against the German mark. The volatility of exchange rates is, in effect, a cost that international firms must take into account when estimating profits. However, under the system in place before the beginning of the present monetary unification process, this cost was also quite small. Under that system, nations set the exchange rates that their central banks used for conversion between currencies. Then, whenever a nation increased the money supply, the market exchange rate would fall a bit, but the banks’ exchange rate would remain stable. Arbitraguers would not take advantage of small differences between the central bank’s pegged rates and market rates because regulations on capital flow made such
高英四课文参考译文
课文A参考译文Unit 1冰雪卫士——奈拉•B•史密斯人们常说骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒来说吧，他们取得的一个又一个的胜利让他们相信自己战无不胜，没有什么可以阻挡他们，但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士会证明他们是错的。
1 1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑•波拿巴率领大军进入俄罗斯。
他为面对俄罗斯人民保卫家园而要进行的坚决抵抗做好了准备。
他想到了要经过长途跋涉才能到达俄罗斯的首都莫斯科，为此也做好了准备。
但他没有为在莫斯科会遭遇到的劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷刺骨的寒冬——做好准备。
2 1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫•希特勒对当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯发起了进攻。
希特勒的军事力量无可匹敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望在最短的时间内结束战斗，但是，就像他的前人拿破仑一样，他得到了惨痛的教训。
俄罗斯的冬天又一次帮助了苏维埃士兵。
拿破仑发起的战役3 1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境集结60万大军。
这些士兵都训练有素，有很强的作战能力，而且都有精良的装备。
这支军队被称为“大军”。
拿破仑对迅速胜利充满信心，预言要用5个星期攻下俄国。
4 不久，拿破仑的大军经过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑所期盼的迅速、决定性的胜利并没有出现。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并没有反抗。
相反，他们一路向东撤退，沿途焚毁庄稼和房屋。
“大军”紧追不舍，但它的前进很快由于后勤补给缓慢而停顿下来。
5 到了8月，法军和俄军在斯摩棱斯克开火，在这次战役中，双方各有上万人死在战场上。
可是，俄国军队又能继续向自己领土的纵深撤退。
拿破仑并没有取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个生死攸关的抉择：是继续追击俄军，还是为了度过即将来临的冬天而把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克呢？6 拿破仑决定冒险向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在鲍罗季诺展开激烈的战斗，此地在莫斯科以西112公里外。
夜幕降临时，法军和俄军分别有3万和4.4万名士兵的死伤。
7 俄国军队再次撤退到安全的地方。
2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(4)
2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（4）lesson4 本身选择死亡方式Lesson Four Die as You Choose制定关于安泰死的法律已经到了不能再回避的地步。
The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer.在世界上某个较小的国家里，安泰死被医疗机构遍及接受，每年都有数千例公开实施。
In one of the world’s smaller countries，mercy-killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year.而在某个世界大国，安泰死虽然经常受到医疗机构的公开谴责，每年却以数倍于此的次数奥秘实施，且从未公之于众。
In one of the world’s biggest countries，euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment，secretly practiced many times more often，and almost never comes to light.但是，在上述阿谁国家有医生因为实施安泰死而在监狱里服刑呢？Which of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails？是在小国荷兰。
荷兰制定了有关安泰死的法律，能有效地办理它。
It is the small one，Holland，which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively.那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定。
The Dutch doctor broke his country’s rules.有关安泰死的问题在所有国家都存在，决不仅出现在美国这个禁止安泰死的大国。
大学英语精读 4 (外研社版) 课后翻译原题+答案 本人手打
Unit 11 我知道，不管发生什么，我都可以指望我的兄弟会支持我。
I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened .1、一般情况下，年轻人总是对现在和将来更有兴趣。
As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.2、如果他们双方不妥协，就都会遭损。
Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.3、我们希望使我们的全部课程和教材都成为一个统一的整体。
It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.4、中国的书面文字一直是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.5、在中国的传统艺术中，竹子往往代表道德上的正直、刚正不阿。
In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.6、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革。
The great majority of the people stand for further reform.7、伊丽莎白一世女王统治英国45年。
在她统治期间，国家十分繁荣昌盛。
Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule. 8、真理一开始总是掌握在少数人手里。
高级英语第一册Unit4文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
高级英语第一册Unit4文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaEveryday Use for Your Grandmama 教学目的及重点难点Objectives of TeachingTo com prehend the whole storyTo lean and m aster the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and Difficult pointsThe comprehension of the whole storyThe understanding of certain expressionsThe appreciation of the writing techniqueColloquial, slangy or black EnglishCultural difference between nationalities in the USIV. Character AnalysisDee:She has held life always in the palm of one hand."No" is a word the world never learned to say to her.She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.She was determined to share down any disaster in her efforts.I. Rhetorical devices:Parallelism:chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffleMetaphor:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away stare down any disaster in her efforts...Everyday Use for your grandmama -- by Alice WalkerEveryday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I m ade so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is m ore com fortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can com e and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that nevercom e inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, hom ely and asham ed of the burn sc ars down her arm s and legs, eying her sister with a m ixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child cam e on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mot her and child em brace and smile into each other's face. Som etimes the m other and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have m ade it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated lim ousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with m any people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty m an likeJohnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells m e what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is em bracing m e with tear s in her eyes. She pins on m y dress a large orchid, even though she has told m e once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, m an-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as m ercilessly as a m an. My fat keeps m e hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire m inutes after it com es steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the m eat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way m y daughter would want m e to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car – son has much to do to keep up with m y quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even im agine m e looking a strange white m an in the eye? It seem s to m e I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mam a?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for m e to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way m y Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to theground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a wom an now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Som etimes I can still hear the flam es and feel Maggie's arms sticking to m e, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seem ed stretched open, blazed open by the flam es reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the m oney, the church and m e, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the mom ent, like dimwits, we seem ed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to m atch a greensuit she'd made from an old suitsom ebody gave m e. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a tim e. Often I fought off the tem ptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education m yself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now.Som etimes Maggie reads to m e. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thom as (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to m yself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a m an's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned m y back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't m ake shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just som e holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote m e once that no m atter where we "choose" to live, she will m anage to com e see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed.Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have m uch tim e to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to m arry a cheap city girl from a fam ily of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she com es I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to m ake a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with m y hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells m e it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car com es a short, stocky m an. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts m y eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she m oves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her arm pits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails thatrope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress m akes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, m y mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of m y chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes som ething of a push. You can see m e trying to m ove a second or two before I m ake it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of m e sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without m aking sure the house is included. When a cow com es nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and m e and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and com es up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or m aybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress m e.""You know as well as m e you was nam ed after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she nam ed after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she nam ed after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like som ebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over m y head."How do you pronounce this nam e?" I asked."You don't have to call m e by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it m ight sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalam alakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three tim es he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down theroad," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they m et you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the m en stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept som e of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not m y style." (They didn't tell m e, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her handsunderneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was som ething I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at m e."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,‖she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of som ething artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out.I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of sm all sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of m y bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out cam e Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and m e had hung them on the quilt fram es on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny m atchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?‖ 1 asked. "These old things was just done by m e and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by m achine.""That'll m ake them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, com e from old clothes her mother handed down to her,‖ I said, m ovi ng up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero)moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thom as."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been sav age ‘em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ‖ I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a tem per. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always m ake so me more,‖ I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at m e with hatred. "You just will notunderstand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stum ped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mam a,‖ she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'm ember Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with som ething like fear but she wasn't m ad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that som ething hit m e in the top of m y head and ran down to the soles of m y feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches m e and I get happy and shout. I did som ething I never had done before: hugged Maggie to m e, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I cam e out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to m ake some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mam a still live you'd never know it."She put on som e sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was tim e to go in the house and go to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descendingfrom a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food,a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant si tting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingersBackground informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction （普利策小说奖）and The Am erican Book Award （美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was m ade into a m ovie which won great fam e .Everyday Use for your grandmama 课文讲解/Detailed Study Everyday Use for Your Grandmama--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are m eant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the m arks in wavy patterns on t he clay ground left by the broom.*im age - 1* (此处加一细曲线图)2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp.to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, ugly If som eone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and am azement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or com pletely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and m ust deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to m ove in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very com fortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or m ore people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the car convertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe [?ku:pei] a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors and seats for four peoplestation wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people‘s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becom es white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are working The breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (工装裤)11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a m ale pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for sm ashing concrete13. barley: 大麦14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (糊状物) made of milk, flour and eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory f illing inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle som ewhere, you walk there uncertainly orcautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA m an sidled up to m e and asked if I wanted a ti cket for the m atch..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncom fortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flam eA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flam e, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) fam ily, with alternate m aplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水, 故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect together。
高级英语unit4 课文解释 最新
Unit Four Everyday UseI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room.When the hard 1.clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, ( Before the word “ lined”, the link verb “ is” omitted. anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breeze s that never come inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and 3.ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy (and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, (1. She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life) that “ no” is a word the world never learned to say to her. (2. She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her)You‟ve no d oubt seen those TV shows where the child who has 5 “ made it”is confront ed (2. faced)( Eg: Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists), as a surprise, by her own mother and father, ( brought face to face with her own mother and father unexpectedly)totter ing in weakly from backstage. (A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child 8.embrace and smile into each other‟s face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought togetheron a TV program of this sort.( “ This sort” carries a derogatory tone, suggesting that the TV. Program is of inferior kind)Out of a dark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people.There I meet a smiling, gray sporty man like Johnny Carson ( a man who runs a late night talk show) who shakes my hand and tell me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tears in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky ( 1.inelegant)(3.of vulgar quality) flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough,man-working hands. (The phrase” in real life” is transitional, linking this paragraph and the o ne above, implying that those TV programs are nothing but make-believe and the narrator is very skeptical of them . In reality she has the typical features of a black working woman)In the winter, I wear flannel nightgown s to bed and overall s(during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. ( Because I am fat, I feel hot even in freezing weather)I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming (4. giving out steam) from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before 10.nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pancake. ( My daughter wishes me to have a slender figure and a fair complexion like an uncooked barley pancake: a simile comparing the skin to barley dough which has a creamy, smooth texture. This sentence suggests that Dee is rather ashamed of having a black working-class woman as her mother) My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. (5. eloquent in speech)But that is a11. mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white in the eye ( to look sb. In the eye: Eg: If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you’ll be able to look anyone in the eye.) ? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, ( 4. It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible because of discomfort, nervousness, timidity, etc.) ( with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. ( in order to avoid them as much as possible, also from discomfort, shyness, etc)Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.“ How do I look, Mama?” Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she‟s there, almost hidden by the door.“Come out into the yard,” I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog 12.run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ( Maggie is so shy that she never raises her head or eyes when looking at and talking to people, and she is always so nervous and restless that she is unable to stand still. Shuffle:)ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.Dee is lighter than Maggie,( Light here refers to the color of one’s skin, complexion, not weight. Theword fair is similar to light, and the opposite is dark)with nicer and a fuller (6. charmingly round)14. figure. She‟s woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie‟s arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flake s. ( Nominative absolute construction,) Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them. And Dee. I see her standing off ( stand away; in a distance) under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look of concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house falling toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don‟t you do a dance around the ashes? I‟d wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money , the church and me,( Incorrect grammar, it should be the church and I )to send her to Augusta ( city in eastern Georgia. the family lives in the rural area in Georgia, a southern state in America.)to school. She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks‟ habits,whole lives upon us two,( The narrator implies that the books Dee read to them were written by the white people and full of their language and ideas, falsehood and their way of life. Other folks refer to the white people. By reading those books, Dee forced them to accept the white people’s views and values.)sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. ( Her reading was like a trap, and we were like animals caught in the trap, unable to escape. Underneath her voice suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice) She washed us in a river of make-believe, (5. She imposed on us lots of falsity) burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn‟t necessarily need to know. (6. she imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us ) Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwit s, ( slang,2 stupid person, a simpleton)we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation ( to attend her graduation ceremony)from high school; black pump s (7. low-cut shoes without straps or ties) to match ( match: Eg: This blouse doesn’t match the color or the style of the shirt) a green suit she‟d made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down (8. to stare back at another until the gaze of the one stared at is turned away. )any 17.disaster in her efforts. ( She was determined to face up and defeat any disaster with her efforts. Here disaster is personified)Her eyelid s would not flicker for minutes at a time. ( Again it shows that Dee was undaunted with a strong character. She would look at anybody steadily and intently for a long time)Often I fought off the temptation to shake her .( Often I wanted so much to shake her, but I restrained myself. Usually you shake somebody in order to rouse that person to the awareness of something) At sixteen she had a style of her own: ( At sixteen she had a style of her own way of doing things.)and knew what style was. ( And she knew what was the current, fashionable way of dressing, speaking, acting, etc.))I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don‟t ask me why: in 1927 colored (a group other than the Caucasoid, specially black)asked fewer questions than they do now. ( In 1927, the colored people were more passive than they are now)Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumble s along good naturedly ( She often makes mistakes while reading, but never losing good temper.)but can‟t see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. ( 7.She is not bright as she is neither good-looking nor rich)She will marry John Thomas ( who has mossy( 9.not clean ) teeth in an earnest face) and t hen I‟ll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man‟s job. I used to love to milk till I was hook ed (injured by the horn of the cow being milked)in the side in ‟49. Cows are sooth ing and slow and don‟t bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin.: they don‟t make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes out in the sides, like the porthole s in a ship, but not round and not square.,( irregular in shape) with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. ( to demolish) She wrote me once that no matter where we “choose” to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, “ Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?”( A rhetorical question, meaning Dee was not an easy person to get along with, and she never really had any true friends)She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about ( linger around) on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned(4.expressed or worded well) phrase, the cute shape, the scalding(Harshly critical ) humor that erupted(T o force out violently.) like bubble s in lye. She read to them.When she was 19.courting Jimmy T ( “T”is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting)she didn‟t have much time to pay to us, but turned all he r faultfinding power on him. He flewto marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy( cheap and showy) people. She hardly had time to recompose (To restore to composure; calm.)( recompose: She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself)herself.When she comes I will meet—but there they are! ( Before I could meet them, ( in the yard), they have already arrived)Maggie 20.attempted to make a dash for the house, In her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand.( I stop her from rushing off with my hand. Note: the simple present tense is used in this paragraph and the following five paragraphs describe the past actions. The purpose is to make the story telling more vivid.)“ Come back here,” I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as if God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky(chubby, plump) man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky( full of short, twisty curls,3.tightly curled.) mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. ( inhale her breath)“ Uhnnnh,” ( an exclamation of a strong negative response) is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road. ( An elliptical “ Uhnnnh.” Sentence . It’s the kind of disgusted response you have when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road.) Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in the hot weather. (8.Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day)A dress so loud (10. unpleasant attractive bright color e.g. a loud pattern.( a dress in such loud colors.)it hurts my eyes. There are yellows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. ( There are bright yellow and orange colored patterns which shine even more brightly than the sun.)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earring s gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpit s. The dress is loose and flows, ( The dress is loose and moves gently and smoothly) and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go ( 5. say ( used to describe dialogues) “Uhnnnh” again. It is her sister‟s hair. ( This time it’s her sister’s hair style that makes Maggie utter an exclamation of dislike and disapproval)It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtail s that rope about ( that move about)like small lizard s disappearing behind her ears.“Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!” ( phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation) she says, coming on inthat gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with “Asalamalakim,( Phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting ) my mother and sister!” He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see perspiration falling off her chin.“Don‟t get up, “ says Dee. Since I am stout, ( fat)it takes something of a push.( I have to push myself up with some effort to get up )You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. ( 9.You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up) She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peek s next with a Polaroid.( a camera that produces instant pictures) She stoop s down quickly and lines up (11. take many pictures in a sequence) picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cower ing behind me. ( with Maggie huddling behind me because of fear and nervousness)She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. ( Every time she takes a picture she makes sure that the house is in it. It shows how important she thinks the house is. We are reminded how she used to hate the house)When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snap s it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polarold in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead. ( Not usual. Normally people kiss each other on the cheeks for greeting)Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie …s hand.( Meanwhile Dee’s boyfriend is trying to shake hands with Maggie in a fancy and elaborate way)Maggie‟s hand is as limp as a fish, and 22.probably as cold, despite( despite: Despite the flood, the losses on agricultural production were not that serious) the sweat and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like ( 6. as if ) Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. ( 6. shake hands in a fancy and elaborate way) Or maybe he don‟t know( ungrammatical spoken English. There are quite a few instances of such use of language in the story) how to shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie. (10. Soon he knows that won’t do for Maggie. So he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie. Give up: to admit failure and stop trying)“Well,” I say. “Dee.”“No, mama,” she says. “ Not …Dee‟. Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!”“What happened to …Dee‟?” I wanted to know.“She‟s dead,”(The girl called Dee no longer exists. With the new name, she is born again)Wangero said. “ I couldn‟t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.”“ You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicie,” I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. ( She was named Dee)We called her “ Big Dee” after Dee was born.” ( As we named our daughter after her aunt, we added “Big” before her aunt’s name to make a distinction)But who was she named after?” asked Wangero.“ I guess after Grandma Dee,” I said.“ And who was she named after?” asked Wangero.“Her mother,” I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. “ That‟s about as far as I can trace it,” I said. Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War ( the war between the North ( the Union) and the South ( the Confederacy) in the U.S ( 1861-1865)through 23 branches. ( branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor) (11. As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don’t want to go on either. In fact, I could have traced it back before the Civil War through the family branches)“Well,” said Asalamalakim, “there you are.”“Uhnnnh,” I heard Maggie say.“There I was not, “ I said, “ before …Dicie cropped up ( in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?”He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody 24. inspecting a Model A car.( in 1909 Henry Ford mass-produced 15 million Model T cars and thus made automobiles popular in the States. In 1928 the Model T was discontinued and replaced by a new design--- the Model A—to meet the needs for growing competition in car manufacturing.) Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head. (12. Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way)“How do you pron ounce this name?: I asked.“ You don‟t have to call me by it if you don‟t want to,” said Wangero.“Why shouldn‟t I?” I asked. “ If that‟s what you want us to call you, we‟ll call you.”“I know it might sound awkward at first,” said Wangero.“ I‟ll get used to it, “ I said. “Ream it out again.” ( “Ream” is perhaps an African dialect word meaning “ unfold, display”. Hence the phrase may mean “ repeat” or “ say it once again”Well. Soon we got the name out of the way.( We overcame the difficulty and managed to pronounceit at last)Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard . After I tripped over (8 mispronounced it, failed to say it correctly.)twice or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber,( Incorrect grammar, it should be “Whether ( if” he was a barber)but I didn‟t really think he was, so I don‟t ask.“ You must belong to those beef-cattle people ( 9. people who breed and fatten cattle for meat) down the road, “ I said. They said “Asalamalakim” when they met you, too, but they didn‟t shake hands. Always too busy: feeding the cattles, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said,” I accept some of their doctrine s, but farming and raising cattle is not my style.” ( They didn‟t tell me, and I didn‟t ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.) We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn‟t eat collard s and pork was unclean.( Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered unclean)Wangero, though, went on through the chitlin s ( also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food, a common dish in Afro-American households)and corn bread, the greens ( green leafy vegetables eaten cooked or raw) and everything else. She talked a blue streak( ( colloquial) anything regarded as like a streak of lightening in speed, vividness etc. T alk a blue streak:10. to talk much and rapidly) over ( while occupied or engaged in, Eg. To discuss the matter over lunch. // Let’s talk about the matter over a cup of coffee) the 25.sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn‟t afford to buy chairs.“Oh, Mama!” she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. “ I nev er knew how 26.lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints,”( depressions in the benches made by constant sitting) she said, running her hands underneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee‟s butter dish. “ That‟s it!” she said. “ I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have.” She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. ( The milk in it had become clabber by now.) She looked at the churn and looked at it.“The churn top is what I need,” she said. “ Didn‟t Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?”“Yes,” I said.“Uh, huh,”( interjection) an exclamation indicating an affirmative response)She said ha ppily. “ And I want the dasher (12. an instrument to be used to stir the milk)too.”“ Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?” asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me.“Aunt Dee‟s first husband whittled that dash,” said Maggie so low you almost couldn‟t hear her.” His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.”“ Maggie‟s brain is like an elephant‟s,” (Elephant’s are paid to have good memories. Here Dee is being ironic)Wangero said, laughing. “ I can use the churn top as a centerpiece for the alcove ta ble,” she said, sliding a plate over the churn, “ and I‟ll think of something artistic to do with the dasher.”When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You don‟t even have to look close to see where ha nds pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink(depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumb and fingers) in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. ( searching through the trunk as if she was ransacking and robbing the house.)Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. ( Maggie was reluctant to come out from the kitchen.) Out came Wangero with two quilts. ( inverted sentence order to achieve vividness of description)They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and the Big Dee and me and hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern.( The design on the quilt had, perhaps, a single star) The other was Walk Around the Mountain.( Perhaps a quilt design showing a mountain) In both of them were scrap s of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell‟s Paisley shirts.( shirts having an elaborate, colorful pattern of intricate figures. It is called after paisley, a city in Scotland where shawls of such designs were originally made) And one teeny ( colloquial)variation of the word “tiny”) faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, ( a matchbox which costs a penny ( a US cent)that was from Gre at Grandpa Ezra‟s uniform that he wore in the Civil War.“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird. “ Can I have these old quilts?”I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slam med.“Why don‟t you take one or two of the others?” I asked. “These old things was just done by me and big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.”“No,” said Wangero. “ I don‟t want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.”“That‟ll make them last better,” I said.“ That‟s not the point,” said Wangero. “ These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!”She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them. ( This shows how she cherished the quilts and how determined she was to have them. Later we will learn that the mother offered Dee a quilt when she went away to college. At that time she thought the quilts were old-fashioned. Note the change Dee’s attitude towards the quilts.)“Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, moving up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero) moved back just enough so that I couldn‟t reach the quilts. They already belonged to her.“Imagine!” she breathed again, clutch ing them closely to her bosom.“The truth is,” I said, “ I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas.” ( Incorrect grammar:)She gasp ed like a bee had stung her.“Maggie can‟t appreciate these quilts!” she said. “She‟d probably be backward e nough to put them to everyday use.”( Here the snobbish Dee says that Maggie is not as well educated or sophisticated as she and that Maggie will not be able to appreciate the value of the quilts and will use them just as quilts, not as works of art)I reckon she would,” I said. “God knows I been saving …em for long enough with nobody using …em. I hope she will!” I didn‟t want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned , out of style.“But they‟re priceless!”( italicized for emphasis)she was saying now, furiously; for she has a temper. “ Maggie would put the m on the bed and in five years they‟d be in rags. Less than that!”( 13. If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years) “She can always make some more,” I said. “ Maggie knows how to quilt.”Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. “ You just will not understand. The point is these quilts , these quilts!”“Well,” I said,stump ed.( colloquial) puzzled, perplexed, baffled)“ What would you do with them?”“ Hang them,” she said. As if that was the only thing you could do with quilts. ( She answered the question firmly and definitely as if that was the only right way of using quilts)Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as theyscrapped over each other.“She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. “ I can…member( spoken English--- remember) Grandma Dee without the quilts.”I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind dopey, ( colloquial) mentally slow or confused; stupid)hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn‟t mad at her. This was Maggie‟s portion.( one’s lot; destiny) This was the way she knew God to work. (14.she knew t his was God’s arrangement) When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. ( It shows that one is suddenly filled with a new spirit or a thoroughly thrilling and exciting emotion caused by an entirely new experience)Just like when I‟m in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her into the room, snatch ed the quilts out of Miss Wangero‟s hands and dump ed them into Maggie‟s lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open.“Take one or two of the others,” I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber.“You don‟t understand,” she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car.“What don‟t I understand?” I wanted to know.“Your heritage,” she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, “ You ought to try to make something of yourself, too, Maggie. It‟s really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you‟d never know it.”She put on her some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled: maybe at the sunglasses. But a real smile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the home and go to bed.11。
大学英语精读_4_unit1-9_课后翻译原题+答案_
Unit 11 我知道，不管发生什么，我都可以指望我的兄弟会支持我。
I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened .1、一般情况下，年轻人总是对现在和将来更有兴趣。
As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.2、如果他们双方不妥协，就都会遭损。
Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.3、我们希望使我们的全部课程和教材都成为一个统一的整体。
It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.4、中国的书面文字一直是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.5、在中国的传统艺术中，竹子往往代表道德上的正直、刚正不阿。
In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.6、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革。
The great majority of the people stand for further reform.7、伊丽莎白一世女王统治英国45年。
在她统治期间，国家十分繁荣昌盛。
Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.8、真理一开始总是掌握在少数人手里。
国际经贸英语课后答案第四单元
亚洲的经济危机和不断变化的竞争力在世界市场经济危机结束多年的高增长亚洲国家在经济危机发生前几十年取得了优异的经济表现。
在过去十年中，东盟的年生产总值增长率平均接近百分之8。
亚洲的人均收入水平显著提高，与韩国实现近十倍的上升，发生在过去的30年里。
亚洲发展中国家吸引了近一半的世界总资本流入，其在世界出口中的份额在过去十年中几乎翻了一番，达到近五分之一。
所有这些原因，亚洲的发展中国家和新兴市场经济体一直是世界经济增长的主要引擎。
单位五亚洲的经济危机和不断变化的竞争力在世界市场在1997年夏天泰国爆发的货币危机的原因，然后扩散到邻近国家，是不同的，不同的国家。
针对韩国和日本的主要问题，指出其原因是结构上的弱点，特别是在金融系统中。
在过去的几年中，两国都经历了衰退和日本的增长，尤其是90年代初以来，泰国、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、马来西亚等东南亚国家都在享受经济快速增长，但却出现了巨大的外部赤字，同时也受到了极其脆弱的金融行业的损失。
然而，中国、台湾、新加坡，作为中国经济集团的大集团，一直享有快速增长和非常强大的外部地位，包括大量的贸易顺差和相当可观的外汇储备.亚洲的经济危机和不断变化的竞争力在世界市场危机并没有结束在泰国和韩国已经宣布并执行了各种政策措施，这两个措施都严格遵守国际货币基金组织的支持计划。
由于政府的强劲的经济改革推动，泰国的一个相对稳定的趋势。
韩国经济在实施了一项严厉的宏观经济政策之后，也在恢复，这是因为在接受多边金融纾困计划时承诺的。
马来西亚应对其货币和金融危机，不通过国际货币基金组织的救助资金，通过降低增长速度和延缓大项目的发展。
单位五亚洲的经济危机和不断变化的竞争力在世界市场印度尼西亚面临着日益复杂的国内政治混乱的经济问题。
印度尼西亚与国际货币基金组织、世界银行、美国和日本等多个机构、国际银行、美国、日本等机构之间的计划增加了百分之33的预算支出，并试图引入新的货币制度，这对和阿根廷的货币政策也有帮助。
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TEXT IN DECEMBER 1991, 12 EUROPEAN nations signed the historic Maastricht Treaty and, in so doing, created the single currency trading region now known as the European Monetary Union (EMU). The Maastricht Treaty outlines the process by which the EMU nations will replace their individual currencies with a single currency, the euro, that will be controlled by a single European central bank. In January of 1999, exchange rates between national currencies and the euro are supposed to be irrevocably fixed, and by January 2002, national currencies are supposed to be phased out entirely. However, while Germany, France, and a few other EMU nations are in position to meet this timeline, many other nations have been delayed by difficulties concerning Maastricht Treaty requirements and may not be able to fix exchange rates on time.
Why Monetary Union In order to properly evaluate the dilemmas facing the EMU, the current system must be carefully analyzed with particular attention to its economic costs and benefits. Presently each nation has a different currency, and relative currency values tend to fluctuate unless constrained by artificial international agreements. Currency fluctuations occur for a number of reasons, the most important being that nations often expand or reduce the amount of currency in circulation. An increase in the money supply forces a devaluation of the currency, and the lower exchange rate increases exports, raising the economy’s total output. A monetary reduction would result in an opposite effect that also tends to lower inflation. Therefore, the central banks of Europe currently use control of the money supply to keep national inflation rates low and to expand national economies in recession.
Maastricht and Modifications
The Maastricht Treaty, in detailing the path towards monetary unification, included an important exchange rate condition which takes advantage of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). This mechanism stated that exchange rates between participating currencies would not be allowed to fluctuate beyond plucertain set rates. The Maastricht Treaty nations agreed to stay within this band without utilizing devaluations for the two years before joining the EMU. However, a number of crises soon forced the ERM to change.
Though the majority of European government officials are currently optimistic, the difficulties that have been experienced do not bode well for the future of the EMU in its present form. While current problems center on controlling government deficits to meet Maastricht conditions, the exchange rate crises of the recent past call into question the basic desirability of the project. Until these issues are addressed, national economies should not be forced to fit Maastricht conditions and arbitrary deadlines, as such action will only create unnecessary economic turmoil. The current delays in monetary unification are necessary; more caution would be in the best interest of the people of Europe.
The benefits of EMU come from eliminating the economic costs associated with having multiple currencies. The most apparent cost of different currencies involves the resources that must be spent converting from one currency to another. For example, if a German firm’s earnings are in French francs, it must exchange the francs for German marks in order to pay its employees. Employee time, and therefore the firm’s money, must be spent making this exchange. However, the European Commission estimates currency exchange costs to be, on average, only 0.4 percent of the GDP of the European Union. A second cost of numerous currencies comes about when nations allow the relative values of their currencies to fluctuate freely. The uncertainty created by varying exchange rates creates a barrier to trade because the value of the money that people will receive changes when exchange rates change. For instance, a German company
expecting payment in French francs will see the value of that payment fall if the franc depreciates against the German mark. The volatility of exchange rates is, in effect, a cost that international firms must take into account when estimating profits. However, under the system in place before the beginning of the present monetary unification process, this cost was also quite small. Under that system, nations set the exchange rates that their central banks used for conversion between currencies. Then, whenever a nation increased the money supply, the market exchange rate would fall a bit, but the banks’ exchange rate would remain stable. Arbitraguers would not take advantage of small differences between the central bank’s pegged rates and market rates because regulations on capital flow made such