初中八种时态和语态

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初中八种时态和语态总结

时态:*** a. 定义 b.结构 c.用法

1. 一般现在时动词原形

2. 一般过去时动词过去式

3. 现在进行时am/is/are 动词现在分词

4. 过去进行时was /were 动词现在分词

5. 一般将来时will/shall 动词原形

6. 过去将来时would/should 动词原形

7. 现在完成时have/has 动词过去分词

8. 过去完成时had 动词过去分词

以上分别举例说明并通过做题讲解之间的区别,让孩子在可能短的时间里记住他们的用法

(一).一般现在时

1 .经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,on Sunday always, usually, often, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2.客观真理、客观存在、科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3.表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

请你注意:

此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.

4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don’t want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

5 基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)

6 否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,

如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

7 一般疑问句:把be 动词放于句首;用助动词do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,

则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

8.例句:. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

(二).一般过去时

1 .在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有:yesterday,an hour ago,the other day,in 1 982 等。

ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just

now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

Where did you go just now?

2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child,I often played football in the street.

特殊句型(需重点掌握)

1.It is time for sb.to do sth.“到……时间了”、“该……了”

2.It is time sb.did sth.“时间已迟了”、“早该……了”

It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed.早该睡觉了。

3.would (had)rather sb.did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”

I’d rather you came tomorrow.应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

3.基本结构:be 动词;行为动词

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:was 或were 放于句首;用助动词do 的过去式did 提问,同时

还原行为动词。

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

(三).现在进行时

1 .表示说话时正在进行的动作。常和now,Look!Listen!或其他铺垫句及情景

设置句连用。

Eg1 .I am reading a book now.

Eg2.Look!They are having a basketball match.

Eg3.Listen!He is playing the piano.

Eg4.It’s 7:00 pm.The Greens are watching TV.

2.表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但说话时不一定正在进行。

Eg1 .He is working in a shoe factory these days.(临时性的工作)

Eg2.Mr.Green is writing another novel. (只处于写作的状态。)

3.表示在近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。即用现在进行体表示将来要发生的动

作。但一般要与将来时间连用,而且仅限于少量动词。例如:come,go,start,

arrive,leave,stay 等。

Eg1 .Mr.Smith is leaving for London tomorrow.

Eg2 Are you staying here till next week?

4.常与表示渐变的动词连用。例如:get,grow,become,turn,,begin 等。

Eg1 .The leaves are turning red. Eg2.It’s getting warmer and warmer.

5 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

6.基本结构:am/is/are+doing

7.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

8.一般疑问句:把be 动词放于句首。

9.例句:How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.

(四).过去进行时

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