湖底沉积物重金属含量与空间变异规律_以河南省驻马店市宿鸭湖为例_张鹏岩

Determination of the residual tetracycline an-tibiotics in the manures of livestock via the so-l id-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography method

XIA Tian-jiao1,2,XIA Xun-feng2,XU Dong-yao1,XI Be-i dou2, YANG Jing-chao1,2,WANG Lei2,XU Ling-hong1

(1School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China Un-i versity of Mining and Technology,Beijing100083,China;2Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beiji ng100012,Ch-i na)

Abstract:This paper is to introduce the solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatographic method(SPE-HPLC)developed by us for simul taneous determination of the three typical tetracycline antibiotics including oxytetracycline(OTC),tetracycline(TTC)and chlortetracycline(C TC)residues in the livestock and poultry ex cre-men ts.It intends to build up and op timize the extraction process as well as the chromatographic analysi s condition so as to detect the tar-get an tibiotics accurately and promp tly.To achieve this purpose,we have extracted the tetracycline antibiotics from the excrement samples through Na2ED TA-M cllvaine buffer solution(p H=410),and then cleansed them up by HLB solid phase extraction column to remove the i mpuri ties.And,next,we have analyzed the samples by high-perfor-mance liquid chromatographic detector wi th ultraviolet detection.As the result of the analysis with the optimized method,we have discov-ered that the chromatographic column is Zorbax Eclipse plus-C18 (250mm@416mm,5L m),whereas the mobile phase is0101 mol/L sodiu m di hydrogen phosphate solution/acetoni trile(V/V= 78/22,p H=215),wi th the wavelength being355n m,the column temperature being25e,with the flow velocity(110mL/min,and the incoming sample q uantity(10L L.The method detection limi ts (MDL)of the three tetracycline antibiotics prove to be01035mg/kg, 01037mg/kg and01052mg/kg,respectively.While the recovery rates at different spiked level(10L g/kg,20L g/kg and50L g/kg) turn to be between8917%and9618%,with relative s tandard devia-ti ons(RSD)being from116%to213%(n=5),the detection method tends to be linear pri marily wi th the correlation coefficients running into019999for tetracycline antibiotics excep t for tetracycline (R2=019997).Thus,it can be seen that the analysis method estab-li shed in this paper can be widely used for determinin g the residual tetracycli ne an tibiotics in the excrements of other domestic animals and poultry for its easy operation,time-saving,hi gh accuracy and cos-t effective.In this paper,the three tetracycline antibi otics were selected in all the six large-scale piggery farms in suburban areas of Beijing,in a concentration range from1137mg/kg to25115mg/kg. Key w ords:environmental engineering;solid phase extraction (SPE);high performance liquid chromatographic

(HPLC);livestock and poul try ex crement;tetracy-

cline antibiotics

CLC number:O65717Document code:A

Article ID:1009-6094(2013)02-0121-05文章编号:1009-6094(2013)02-0125-05

湖底沉积物重金属含量

与空间变异规律

)))以河南省驻马店市宿鸭湖为例*

张鹏岩1,2,赵玉凤1,陈云增1,2,

秦明周1,2,陈龙1,胡长慧1

(1河南大学环境与规划学院,河南开封475004;

2河南大学资源与环境研究所,河南开封475004)

摘要:依据土壤采样规范,对河南省驻马店市宿鸭湖湖底沉积物进行采样,共采集样品65个,按照土壤化学分析方法,对Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd和Zn进行分析,参考中国土壤元素背景值,运用普通克里格法(Ordinary Krigi ng)研究重金属质量比及其分布。结果表明,宿鸭湖水库底沉积物中Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Cu、Ni的质量比分别为141042~391724 mg/kg、261906~1971888mg/kg、331359~1791141mg/kg、01167~01980 mg/kg、161316~471746mg/kg、191245~541896mg/kg,各重金属平均质量比均超过了中国土壤元素背景值,存在一定的重金属污染,并且有从近岸边至湖心位置逐渐增大的趋势。Cd、Zn在排污口和湖心位置污染较重,Pb、Zn质量比在黄泥河和练江河位置稍大于其他位置。

关键词:环境学;湖底沉积物;重金属含量;空间变异;宿鸭湖

中图分类号:X53文献标识码:A

DOI:1013969/j.i ssn.1009-6094120131021027

*收稿日期:2012-06-16

作者简介:张鹏岩,博士研究生,从事资源利用与环境保护研究;

秦明周(通信作者),教授,博士生导师,从事土地利用

与重金属迁移研究,mzqin@@。

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41171439);省部共建河南大学科研项目(SBGJ090701)

0引言

近年来,人类的生产和生活对湖泊、水库造成了很大的化学干扰,湖泊、水库沉积物,尤其是表层沉积物中污染物大大增加。在湖泊上覆水与沉积物相互作用的过程中,沉积物中相当一部分的污染物会重新释放到水体中,成为湖泊、水库等水体中潜在的/化学定时炸弹0[1-2]。沉积物作为水体生态环境的重要组成部分,在水体环境中具有特殊的重要性[3-4]。一方面,沉积物可以吸附水体中的污染物,降低水质污染程度,但是一旦条件发生变化,污染物会被重新释放,影响上覆水体的水质[5-6];另一方面,沉积物又是底栖生物的主要生活场所和食物来源,其中的污染物质可直接或间接地对水生生物产生致毒、致害作用,并通过生物富集、食物链放大等过程进一步影响陆地生物和人类[7-9]。而沉积物中的重金属,由于其自身的一些特性,作为典型的累积性污染物,其显著的生物毒性和持久性会对生态系统构成潜在威胁[10]。湖泊沉积物是湖泊水体污染物的主要蓄积场所,也是湖泊的潜在污染源[10-11],水体水相中的重金属分布往往没有明显的规律性[12-13]。

20世纪80年代以前,宿鸭湖水库水质较好,水量充沛,设计功能均可正常发挥;80年代中期后,库区及入库支流水质

125

第13卷第2期2013年4月

安全与环境学报

Journal of Safety and Environment

Vol.13No.2

Apr.,2013