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2. Subject to aging, even if not in use.
3. Expensive to manufacture - about 40 percent higher in cost than nickel-cadmium.
4. If a LIB is fully discharged, Application
Chemical name
Material Abbreviation Short form Applications
Lithium Cobalt Oxide*
LiCoO2 (60% Co)
Lithium Manganese Oxide*
LiMn2O4
Lithium Iron Phosphate* LiFePO4
5. Not fully mature - metals and chemicals are changing on a continuing basis.
The Lithium-Ion battery has three basic shape size: the cylindrical , Prismatic or brickshaped, flat sandwich
In 1992, Sony first invented Li-ion battery for consumer electronics.
Owing to its ascendant performance, now lithium-ion is the fastest growing and most promising battery chemistry.
electric powertrain
and grid storage
Lithium-Ion Battery
莫乔铃
CONTENTS
1 History 2 Introduction 3 Application
1.History
In 1799, Italian physicist Alessandro Volta created the first battery.
In 1859, the first rechargeable battery was the lead acid invented by Gaston Planté.
LiPo cells are constructed by stacking electrode and electrolyte materials in a flat sandwich, rather than by winding
them in a jellyroll fashion like cylindrical or prismatic cells.
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt
Oxide*
LiNiMnCoO2 (10–20% Co)
Lithium Nickel Cobalt LiNiCoAlO2
Aluminum Oxide*
（9% Co)
Lithium Titanate *
Li4Ti5O12
LCO LMO LFP NMC NCA LTO
Li-cobalt
Cell phone Laptop, Camera
Li-manganese, or spinel
Li-phosphate
NMC
e-bikes, Electric vehicles, Medical, Hobbyist
NCA Li-titanate
Gaining importance in
2. Relatively low self-discharge. 3. Excellent charge retention. 4. Diversified positive and negative electrodes for
various application. 5. Low Maintenance - no periodic discharge is needed;
there is no memory. 6. Wide variety of shapes and sizes . 7. Components are environmentally safe as there is
no free lithium metal.
Disadvantages
1. Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits.
LixSi, LixCd, SnO, Li4Ti5O12,
PAN, PVDF,
PMMA, LiClO4, LiPF6, LiAsF6
PP, PE
2.2 Working Principles
Anode： Cathode：
Advantages
1. High energy density - potential for yet higher capacities.
2.Introduction
2.1 Construction
Lithium-ion battery
Positive electrodes
Negative electrodes
Electrolyte
Separators
LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiMnO2, LiFePO4, LiMn2O4
MCMB, graphite,
The cylindrical 18650 cell is the most commonly used Li-ion cell. Mostly used in notebook application, it boasts the lowest cost per watt hour.
Prismatic or brick-shaped Li-ion cells often are costeffective and come in a large variety of sizes.
In 1979, John Goodenough demonstrated a rechargeable cell with high cell voltage in the 4V range using lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) as the positive electrode and lithium metal as the negative electrode.
3. Expensive to manufacture - about 40 percent higher in cost than nickel-cadmium.
4. If a LIB is fully discharged, Application
Chemical name
Material Abbreviation Short form Applications
Lithium Cobalt Oxide*
LiCoO2 (60% Co)
Lithium Manganese Oxide*
LiMn2O4
Lithium Iron Phosphate* LiFePO4
5. Not fully mature - metals and chemicals are changing on a continuing basis.
The Lithium-Ion battery has three basic shape size: the cylindrical , Prismatic or brickshaped, flat sandwich
In 1992, Sony first invented Li-ion battery for consumer electronics.
Owing to its ascendant performance, now lithium-ion is the fastest growing and most promising battery chemistry.
electric powertrain
and grid storage
Lithium-Ion Battery
莫乔铃
CONTENTS
1 History 2 Introduction 3 Application
1.History
In 1799, Italian physicist Alessandro Volta created the first battery.
In 1859, the first rechargeable battery was the lead acid invented by Gaston Planté.
LiPo cells are constructed by stacking electrode and electrolyte materials in a flat sandwich, rather than by winding
them in a jellyroll fashion like cylindrical or prismatic cells.
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt
Oxide*
LiNiMnCoO2 (10–20% Co)
Lithium Nickel Cobalt LiNiCoAlO2
Aluminum Oxide*
（9% Co)
Lithium Titanate *
Li4Ti5O12
LCO LMO LFP NMC NCA LTO
Li-cobalt
Cell phone Laptop, Camera
Li-manganese, or spinel
Li-phosphate
NMC
e-bikes, Electric vehicles, Medical, Hobbyist
NCA Li-titanate
Gaining importance in
2. Relatively low self-discharge. 3. Excellent charge retention. 4. Diversified positive and negative electrodes for
various application. 5. Low Maintenance - no periodic discharge is needed;
there is no memory. 6. Wide variety of shapes and sizes . 7. Components are environmentally safe as there is
no free lithium metal.
Disadvantages
1. Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits.
LixSi, LixCd, SnO, Li4Ti5O12,
PAN, PVDF,
PMMA, LiClO4, LiPF6, LiAsF6
PP, PE
2.2 Working Principles
Anode： Cathode：
Advantages
1. High energy density - potential for yet higher capacities.
2.Introduction
2.1 Construction
Lithium-ion battery
Positive electrodes
Negative electrodes
Electrolyte
Separators
LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiMnO2, LiFePO4, LiMn2O4
MCMB, graphite,
The cylindrical 18650 cell is the most commonly used Li-ion cell. Mostly used in notebook application, it boasts the lowest cost per watt hour.
Prismatic or brick-shaped Li-ion cells often are costeffective and come in a large variety of sizes.
In 1979, John Goodenough demonstrated a rechargeable cell with high cell voltage in the 4V range using lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) as the positive electrode and lithium metal as the negative electrode.