高考英语专题之现在分词

现在分词

语法图解

探究发现

①What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China?

②What he did was amazing.

③Last time，when I visited China，we saw the tour guide wearing a very pretty fur coat on the day we left.

④Walking in the park，she met an old friend.

⑤Not knowing the phone number，we cannot get in touch with her.

[我的发现]

以上五个句子中都含有一个现在分词，并且现在分词的作用各不相同：句①exciting作定语，句②amazing 作表语，句③wearing ...作宾语补足语，句④walking ...作时间状语，句⑤not knowing ...作原因状语。

现在分词由动词加-ing形式构成，是分词的一种，在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其他的一些成分，如定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

一、现在分词的形式

现在分词的时态和语态形式如下：

语态形式

主动形式被动形式

时态形式

一般式doing being done

完成时having done having been done 1

We walked along the river bank，talking and laughing.

我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。

2．现在分词的完成式表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。

Having been ill for two weeks，she felt rather weak.

由于病了两周，她感到身体十分虚弱。

3．现在分词的被动形式：现在分词的逻辑主语表示动作的承受者时用被动语态。

(1)现在分词一般式的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作。

This is one of the many dams being built along the river.

这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。

(2)现在分词完成式的被动式表示在谓语动作之前发生的被动动作。

Having been seriously injured in the accident，he had to be taken to the hospital immediately.

在事故中受伤很严重，他不得不立即被送往医院。

[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空

①(浙江高考改编)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _________________(perform) live is quite another.

②(北京高考改编)Last night，there were millions of people ______________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.

③(江西高考改编)______________ (spend) nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.

④_____________ (give) such a good chance，how can I let it slip away?

⑤(四川高考改编)____________ (know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.

二、现在分词的句法功能

1．作定语

(1)单个的现在分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面。

(2)现在分词短语作定语往往放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。

The man speaking to us the other day has gone to Japan.

那天同我们讲话的那个人已经去日本了。

Do you know the number of people coming (＝who will come) to the party?

你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？

[课堂点津]现在分词的完成式一般不作定语。

[即时演练2]

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

①(大纲卷改编)Today there are more airplanes _______________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.

②(辽宁高考改编)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home，there was a pile of mail _____________ (wait) for her.

(2)句型转换

①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.

→The students _______________________________ will be back tomorrow.

②The building being built now will be our library.

→The building _______________________________ will be our library.

2．作表语

现在分词作表语是用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。常见的有：exciting，