自考英语一词汇
自考综合英语（一）单词整理带例句
自考综合英语（一）单词整理带例句Lesson OneThe Time MessagesMessage n. 消息，要旨，要点Take a message to sb. 给某人捎个口信Short message 短信The time messagesAt the beginning of 在。
的开始Semester n. term n. 学期At the beginning of a semesterI visited my uncle at the beginning of this year.Cover v. 处理Duty n. 任务You don’t have enough time to cover all your duties.Seriously adv. 真心地，当真地，严肃地，Put sth. Into practice 把。
付诸实施Get most out of sth. 充分利用If you seriously wish to get most out of the college, you must put the time message into the practice.Once conj. 一旦。
（就。
）Follow v. 遵照，沿着Pattern n. 模式，图案，样品Prepared vt. 准备，起草Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes Once you get out of the gate, don’t come back again.Weekly adj.Yearly adj.Daily adj.The nurse attended the patient daily.Realistic adj. 现实可行的Be realistic, allow for unexpected things.Essay n. 作文，短文Quiz n. 考查，测验Often you know from experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quizUpset v. 打乱，打翻adj. 伤心，（同义词sad）Otherwise adv. 否则Otherwise your entire plan may be upsetAbility n. 能力，才智Grade n. 分数Achieve v. 获得How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things:(1) your ability,(2) the difficulty of the class, (3) the grades you hope to achieve, and (4) how well you use your study time.Flexible adj. 灵活的Keep your plan flexibleOn the basis of 在。
2023年自考00832英语词汇学考试重点精华整理
English Lexicology(英语词汇学)1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学意在调查和研究英语单词和单词旳等价物旳形态构造,其语义构造、关系、历史发展、形成和使用方法。
2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary1.Word（词旳定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence词语是语言最小旳自由形式，拥有固定旳声音和意义以及句法作用。
2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一旳四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years（3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary （5）printing、standardization、dictionary—Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than itis today. 古代英语中旳口语比今天更忠实旳代表书面语—The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。
英语词汇学自考题1
英语词汇学⾃考题1英语词汇学⾃考题-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)⼀、Ⅰ.(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.A tricycle has ______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：词缀“tr-”是表⽰数字的前缀，它表⽰的意思是“三……”。
例如，a triangle指的是三⾓形。
2.The idiom Jack of all trades results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格⾔或者谚语中，这些格⾔或谚语以⼀部分指代整个句⼦所代表的含义。
习语“jack of all trades”的完整形式是“jack of all trades and master of none”。
3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing（分数：1.00）D.解析：4.______ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：内涵意义(connotative meaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗⽰意思和相关联想。
自考英语词汇学名词解释(54个全)
词汇学名词解释1. Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion.2. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the minimal significant element in the composition of words.3. Free morphemes or Content morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes that may constitute words by themselves : cat, walk.4. Bound Morphemes or Grammatical morphemes --- They are morphemes that must appear with at least one other morpheme, either bound or free : Catts, walk+ing.5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. T ake -dict- for example: it conveys the meaning of "say or speak" as a Latin root, but not as a word. With the prefix pre-(=before) we obtain the verb predict meaning "tell beforehand".6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or funtion.7. Inflectional morphemes or Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional ,thus known as inflectional morphemes.There is the regular plural suffix -s(-es) which is added to nouns such as machines, desks.8. Derivational morphemes or Derivational affixes --- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.9. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war.10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y.Derivational morphemes/ derivational affixes --- A process of forming new words by the addition of a word element. Such as prefix, suffix, combing form to an already existing word.Prefixation ---- is the formation of new words by adding prefix or combing form to the base. (It modify the lexical meaning of the base)Suffixation--- is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or combing form to the base and usually changing the word-class of the base. Such as boy. Boyish (noun- adjective)11. Root --- A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of identity.12. Opaque Words--Words that are formed by one content morpheme only and cannot be analysed into parts are called opaque words, such as axe, glove.13. Transparent Words--Words that consist of more than one morphemes and can be segmented into parts are called transparent words: workable(work+able), door-man(door+man).14. Morphs--Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. They are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning.15. Allomorps--Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs. For instance, the morpheme of plurality {-s} has a number of allomorphs in different sound context, e.g. in cats /s/, in bags /z/, in match /iz/.16. Derivation or Affixation--Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation.17. Prefixation--Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.18. Suffixation--Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.19. Compounding（Compositon）--Compounding is a process of word- formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. E.g. hen-packed; short-sighted.20. Conversion--Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. This process of creating new words without adding any affixes is also called zero-derivation. E.g. dry (a.)-->to dry.21. Back-formation-- is a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a supposed affix. E.g. editor entered the language before edit.22. Abbreviation ( shortening )-- is a process of word-formation by which the syllables of words are abbreviated or shortened.23. Abbreviation includes four types : I. Clipped words II. Initialisms III. Acronyms IV. Blends.I. Clipped words--are those created by clipping part of a word, leaving only a piece of the old word. E.g. telephone-->phone, professional-->pro.II. Initialisms--are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters. E.g. IMF/ai em ef/=International Monetary Fund.III. Acronyms--are words formed from the initial letters of word and pronounced as words. E.g. NATO/'neito/=North Atlantic Treaty Organization.IV. Blends--are words that are combined by parts of other words. E.g. smoke+fog=smog.24. Polysemy--The same word may have two or more different meanings. This is known as "polysemy". The word "flight", for example, may mean "passing through the air", "power of flying", "air of journey", etc.Two approaches to polysemy: Diachronic and SynchronicDiachronically, we study the growth or change in the semantic structure of a word , or how the semantic structure of a word has developed from primary meaning to the present polysemic state .Synchronically, we are interested in the comparative value of individual meanings and the interrelation between the central meaning and the secondary meanings.Two processes leading to polysemy: Radiation and concatenationRadiation : Semantically, radiation is the process in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like rays. Concatenation : is a semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like the links of a chain, untill there is no connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary meaning.25. Homonyms--are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical『a.同一的，完全相同的』only in sound or spelling.26. Perfect Homonyms--are words identical both in sound and spelling,but different in meaning。
2012版自考英语一(00012)单词解析完整版
Unit 1 Foreign Language LearningText ANew words1. suggestionn.suggest vt. 建议，提议n. 暗示；联想（第十单元相同生词）2. step n.步，步骤，手段(措施)3. foundationn.基础，根据, 基金（会）词根found vt.创办，成立，建立v.发现(find的过去式)；找到；发觉4．Factorn. 因素,要素(fac做,制作+tor→促使人能够做的东西→要素,动力) 5．Immersev. (使)深陷于，沉浸在(im进入+mers沉,没+e→沉进去→沉浸)词根：mers=sink,表示"沉,没"6.mean v. 意味着；产生…结果；打算；导致7. explanationn.解释；说明；后缀：-ation 1. 表名词,"行为,过程,结果8．enjoyablyadv. 愉快地；快乐地；enjoyable adj. 愉快的，快乐的9．Mostlyadv. 大部分，多半；主要地(强调数量占多半，近乎全部。
)10.partlyadv.一定程度上；部分地11. effective adj.有效的；起作用的词根：fect=do,make 表示"做,制作"perfect adj 完美的;完全的; (per全部+fect做,制作→全部做完→完善的)12. vocabulary n.（某一语言的）词汇；词汇量13. phrase n.<语>短语；词组；14. list n.清单，目录；15. review n.复习；回顾；16. graduallyadv.逐步地，渐渐地；词根grade n.阶段，阶级；等级17. accuratelyadv.正确无误地，准确地；精确地；如实accurate adj.精确的，准确的；正确无误的词根：cur 1. =run,表示"跑,发生,快速做……"; 2. =care,表示"关心"accurate正确无误的;准确的,精确的(ac再+cur关心+ate……的→再关心,弄精确为止)18. accumulate vt.& vi.堆积，积累ac 再+ cur关心+ mul增加+ ate的19. responsibility n.责任；职责(response[n.回答,响应,反应]+ibility表名词→n.责任, 职责)词根：spons=promise, 表示"承诺,允诺"同根词adj.responsible [for,to]应负责的;可靠的;责任重大的response [n.回答,响应,反应]+ible能……的→adj.[for,to]应负责的;可靠的;20. content n.内容；（书等的）目录；满足；容量(con聚在一起的此+ ten 拿住的+t,n.词根：ten 1. =hold,表示"拿住,握住,支撑";2. 挽留同根词adj.discontent不满的 (dis不+content满足的→n.不满,不满足 adj.不满的)22.fluent ['fluːənt]adj.流畅的；流利的；液态的副词fluently23. relax v.（使）轻松；放松词根：lax=loose,表示"松"24．matter v.要紧，有重大影响in the matter of 至于，关于，在…方面the British are given pre-eminence in the matter of tea.在用茶方面英国人享有杰出地位。
自考英语一单词总汇
自考“英语（一）”单词总汇英语（上）1课a单词successful / sEk sesful/ a.成功的adult / AdQlt/ n.成年人；a.成年的，成熟的disagree / disE gri：/ vt.（with）1.有分歧，不同意；2.不一致，不符statement / steitmEnt/ n.声明，陈述guarantee / gArEn ti：/ n./vt.保证，担保，保修intelligent / in telidVEnt/ a.聪明的，明智的conversely / kRn vE：sli，kRnvE：s-/ ad.相反地similar / similE/ a.相似的，类似的；与…相似（to）independent / indi pendEnt/ a.独立的，自主的pattern / pAtEn/ n.1.型，模式，样式；2.花样，图案guesser n.猜测者clue / klu：/ n.线索，提示conclusion / kEn klu：VEn/ n.结论，推论communicate / kE mju：nikeit/ vi.通讯，交流，交际；vt.传达，传播communication / kE mju：nikeiFEn/ n.通讯，交流；传达；通讯联系，交通工具inexact / inig zAkt/ a.不正确的，不精确的incomplete / inkEm pli：t/ a.不完整的purpose / pE：pEs/ n.1.目的，意图；2.用途regularly / regjulEli/ ad.整齐地，经常地，定期地purposefully ad.有目的地，蓄意地technique / tek ni：k/ n.1.技术；2.技巧，手艺outline / aut-lain/ vt.概括，提出要点；n.轮廓；提纲disagree with 与…有分歧，不一致first of all 首先，第一depend on 依赖，依靠；依…而定be willing to 愿意，乐意be interested in 对…感兴趣on the other hand 另一方面英语（上）1课b单词instance / instEns/ n.例，实例deaf / def/ a.聋的；听力不佳的dumb / dQm/ a.哑的；无言的Englishman / iNgliFmEn/ n.英国人Italian / i tAljEn/ n.意大利人；意大利语waiter / weitE/ n.侍者，服务员beer / biE/ n.啤酒soda-water n.苏打水，汽水traveler / trAvlE/ n.旅客，旅游者macaroni / mAkE rEuni/ n.通心粉primitive / primitiv/ a.原始的exact / ig zAkt/ a.精确的，正确的consist / kEn sist/ vi.组成（of）simply / simpli/ ad.1.仅，只；2.完全地；3朴素地parrot / pArEt/ n.鹦鹉not only……but also 不但…而且neither……nor 既不…也不consist of 由…组成Italy / itEli/ n.意大利英语（上）2课a单词tax / tAks/ n.税（款）vt.对…征税generally / dVenErEli/ ad.一般地，通常，大体上federal / fedErEl/ a.联邦的type / taip/ n.类型，种类，品种；vt./vi.打字salaried / sAlErid/ a.拿薪水的，领工资的salary / sAlEri/ n.工资vt.[常用被动语态]给…发薪earn / E：n/ vt.1.挣得，赚得；2.获得，赢得percentage / pE sentidV/ n.百分比，百分率vary / vZEri/ vi.变化，有不同，差异；vt.改变，使不同graduated a.1.（税）累进的；2.分等级的；3.刻度的；4.毕业的sale / seil/ n.出售，卖；廉价出售charge / tFa：dV/ vt.1.索价；2.指控；3.装填，使充满；n.1.价钱，费用；2控告，指控；3.负责，主管；4.负荷item / aitEm/ n.条，条款，项目packet / pAkit/ n.小包，小盒；vt.打包，装行李；包装cigarette n.香烟，纸烟figure / figE/ n.1.数字；2.人物；3外形，轮廓；vt.（out）计算出；想出；理解addition / E diFEn/ n.1.加，加法；2.附加物revenue / revinju：/ n.1.（国家的）岁入，税收；2.收入，收益diverse / dai vE：s/ a.1.不同的，相异的；2.多种多样的confuse / kEn fju：z/ vt.使混乱，混淆property / prRpEti/ n. 1.财产，资产，所有物；2.性质，特性excise / ek saiz/ n.国产税；本国消费税fund / fQnd/ n.1.基金，专款；2.储备，贮存；vt.供以款项，提供资金department / di pa：tmEnt/ n.部，部门，系municipal / mju：nisipEl/ a.市的，市政的complain / kEm plein/ vt./vi.抱怨（of，about）protest / prE test，prEutest/ vt./vi.抗议，反对useless / ju：zlis/ a.1.无用的；2无价值的；3.无效的impractical / im prAktikl/ a.不切实际的，不能实行的program / prEugrAm/ n.1.计划，规划；2.程序；3.节目，节目单；vt.为…编制程序view / vju：/ n.1.看法，见解，观点；2.视野，眼界；3.景色，风景；vt.看待，考虑，估量issue / iFu：/ n.1.问题，争论点；2.发行；3（书刊的）期号；vt.发行，颁布，出版tend / tend/ vi.（to）易于，往往会；倾向于；vt.照管，护理be sure of 确信…；确定…have a corner on 垄断（某物）=to have a（the）corner （on）similar to 跟…类似的，与…同样的in addition to 加之；又；除…之外；并且tend to 倾向，有…的趋势，趋于California / kAli fR：njE/ 加利福尼亚（美国州名）North Dakota 北达科他（美国州名）英语（上）2课b单词advertise / AdvEtaiz/ vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告attract / E trAkt/ vt.吸引，引起…的注意design / di zain/ vt./vi.1.设计；2.预定，指定；n.1.设计；2.图样，图案；3.企图mail / meil/ n.邮件，邮递；vt.邮寄constantly / kRnstEntli/ ad.经常地；不断地；时常地product / prRdEkt/ n.产品，产物persuade / pE：sweid/ vt.1.说服，劝服；2.使相信；leisure / leVE/ n.1.空闲时间，空暇；2.悠闲，安逸activity / Ak tiviti/ n.1.活动，活跃；2.行动classified / klAsifaid/ a.1.分类的，被归为一类的；2.保密的，机密的edition / i diFEn/ n.版，版本section / sekFEn/ n.1.章节，部分；2.部门，科；3.截面，剖面announcement / E naunsmEnt/ n.通告，布告，告示available / E veilEbl/ a. 可利用的，可获得的amount / E maunt/ n.数量，数额，总数；vi.合计，共计（to）display / dis plei/ n./vt.1.陈列，展览；2.显示entertainment / entE teinmEnt/ n.（戏院，马戏团等的）娱乐，游艺，技艺表演；2.招待，款待audience / R：djEns/ n.听众，观众，读者limited / limitid/ a.有限的attractive / E trAktiv/ a.有吸引力的，引起注意的characteristic / kAriktE ristik/ a.特有的，典型的；为…特有的（of）；n.特性，特征slogan / slEugEn/ n.标语，口号identify / ai dentifai/ vt.认出，鉴定；认为…等同于（with）commercial / kE mE：FEl/ a.商业的，商务的；n.商业广告department / di pa：tmEnt/ n.部，部门，系responsible / ris pRnsEbl/ a.1.需负责的，承担责任的（for）2.有责任感的，负责可靠的3.责任重大的，重要的company / kQmpEni/ n.1.公司；2.同伴，陪伴particular / pE tikjulE/ a.特定的；特殊的，特别的n.详情，细节estimate / estimit，estimeit/ n.估计，估价；评价；vt.估计，估价management / mAnidVmEnt/ n.1.管理，经营；2.管理部门；3.资方approve / E pru：v/ vt.1.赞成，同意；2.批准，核准involve / in vRlv/ vt.1.使卷入，使参与（in）；2.牵涉；3.包含，含有for the most part 在很大程度上，多半be characteristic of 为…所特有，是…的特征catch the eye 引人注目no more than 仅仅identify……with 把…和…等同起来carry over 继续下去，遗留下来as well as 除…之外（也）；和over and over 反复put up with 忍受，容忍be responsible for 对…负责任的；对…承担责任的decide on 决定，选定be involved in 与…有关联，参与，介入英语（上）3课a单词sailor / seilE/ n.水手，海员unwilling / Qn wiliN/ a.不情愿的，不愿意的equator / i kweitE/ n.赤道km n.公里；千公尺bulge / bQldV/ n.不规则突起；鼓起之处unusual / Qn ju：VuEl/ a.不寻常的，与众不同的salty / sR：lti/ a.含盐的，咸的average / AvEridV/ n.平均数，平均；a.1.平均的；2.平常的，普通的；v.平均spot / spRt/ n.1.地点，处所；2.点，斑点；vt.1.点缀；2.认出，准确定位range / reindV/ n.山脉；幅度，范围；vi.（在某范围内）变动，变化；vt.把…排列成行peak / pi：k/ n.1.山峰；2.顶点mid-Atlantic a.大西洋中部的eastward / i：stwEd/ a.向东的；ad.向东vessel / vesl/ n.1.船，舰；2.容器，器皿crew / kru：/ n.全体船员，全体机务人员becalm / bi kB：m/ vt.1.（常用被动）（指帆船）因无风而停止前进；2.使平静，使安静gulf / gQlf/ n.海湾stream / stri：m/ n.小河，溪流；vi.流，涌current / kQrEnt/ n.1.（空气，水等）流，潮流；2.潮流；3.电流；a.当前的，通行的affect / E fekt/ vt.影响，打动climate / klaimit/ n.气候flow / flEu/ vi.流动；n.流furnish / fE：niF/ vt.1.供应，提供2.装备，（用家具）布置fishing / fiFiN/ n.捕鱼，钓鱼region / ri：dVEn/ n.地区，区域highway / haiwei/ n.公路；（水陆）交通干线iceberg / aisbE：g/ n.冰山float / flEut/ vi./vt.（使）漂浮steamship / sti：mFip/ n.汽船，轮船airplane / ZEplein/ n.飞机separate……from 使从…分离（分开，隔开）on average 根据平均标准；平均而言pile up 累积；（指若干车辆）碰撞在一起Atlantic / Et lAntik/ 大西洋（=the Atlantic Ocean）America / E merikE/ 美洲（前边加定冠词the）Pacific / pE sifik/ 太平洋（=the Pacific Ocean）Columbus / kE lQmbEs/ 哥伦布（意大利航海家，新大陆发现者）Puerto Rico 波多黎各（美国的一个自由联邦，实行自治）Azores / E zR：z，E zREz/ 亚速尔群岛Florida / flRridE/ 佛罗里达（美国州名）Sargasso Sea 马尾藻海（在西印度群岛东北）Gulf Stream 墨西哥湾流Labrador / lAbrEdR：/ 拉布拉多半岛（加拿大地名）Arctic / a：ktik/ 北极（the Arctic北极北区；北冰洋）Grand Banks 大浅滩（纽芬兰岛东南的大西洋浅滩）Newfoundland 纽芬兰（加拿大岛或省名）英语（上）3课b单词remain / ri mein/ vi.1.仍然是，依旧是；2.剩下，余留observation / RbzE：veiFEn/ n.注意，观察；观察物continually / kEn tinjuEli/ ad.不停地，频频地gravitational / grAvi teiFEnl/ a.吸引作用的，万有引力的，地心引力的diameter / dai AmitE/ n.直径disc / disk/ n.1.圆盘；2.唱片，磁盘artist / a：tist/ n.艺术家，美术家merely / miEli/ ad.仅仅，只不过reflect / ri flekt/ vt.反射，反映；思考，考虑absolutely / AbsElu：tli/ ad.1.完全地，绝对地；2.肯定地uncomfortably ad.不舒适地，不安地inhabitant / in hAbitEnt/ n.居民，住户earthlight / E：Wlait/ n.地球光moonlight / mu：nlait/ n.月光lunar / lju：nE/ a.月亮的occasionally / E keiVEnEli/ ad.偶尔地，间或sunlight / sQnlait/ n.日光，太阳光except for 除了…外；除去；撇开keep……in mind 记住light up 使明亮，发亮speak of 谈起，提到英语（上）4课a单词psychological / saikE lRdVikEl/ a.心理（学）的focus / fEukEs/ vt./vi.（on）（使）聚集，（使）集中焦点n.（注意，活动，兴趣等的）中心basic / beisik/ a.基本的，基础的principle / prinsEpl/ n.1.原理，原则；2.主义，信念meaningfulness n.富有意义organization / R：gEnai zeiFEn/ n.1.组织；2.团体，机构association / E sEusi eiFEn/ n.1.联合，结合，交往；2.协会，社团；visualization / viVuElai zeiFEn/ n.想象，设想meaningful / mi：niNful/ a.富有意义的，意味深长的rhyme / raim/ n.韵，押韵ability / E biliti/ n.能力，能耐random / rAndEm/ a./ad.胡乱的，任意的，随便的；n.无目的或目标organize / R：gEnaiz/ vt.组织jumble / dVQmbl/ vt./vi. 混杂chunk / tFQNk/ n.一大块，一厚块；vt.分块，组块easily / i：zili/ ad.容易地categorize / kAtigEraiz/ n.分类following / fRlEuiN/ a.接着的，下列的category / kAtigEri/ n.1.门类，种类；2.范畴；3.（整个系统或组合中的）部门needless / ni：dlis/ a.不需要的，不必要的refer / ri fE：/ vi.提到，涉及；查阅vt.把…归类于relate / ri leit/ vt.1.叙述，讲述；2.使相互关联（…to）；vi.（to）有关联accurately / Akjuritli/ ad.准确地，精确地memorize / memEraiz/ vt.熟记，记住associate / E sEuFieit/ vt.把…联系在一起；交往n.同事a.副的improvement / im pru：vmEnt/ n.改进，增进visualize / vizjuElaiz/ vt.想象，设想imagery / imidVEri/ n.写作中直喻或比喻的使用；像或肖像的总称；意象repetition / repi tiFEn/ n.1.重复，反复；2.背诵integrated / intEgreitid/ a.成整体的，完全的，完整的image / imidV/ n.像，形象，映像，图像mental / mentl/ a.1.智力的，脑力的；2.精神的，思想上的preserve / pri zE：v/ vt.1.保护，维持；2.保存，保藏focus on 集中make sense 有意义make a difference 有影响，起（重要）作用needless to say 不用说refer to 提到，涉及；参考，查阅relate……to 与…有关系associate……with 把…联系在一起；与…常在一起，与…为友Mount Fuji 富士山英语（上）4课b单词short-term a.短期的long-term a.长期的recall / ri kR：l/ vt.1.回忆，回想；2.召回；3.撤消，收回contrast / kRntrAst，kEn trAst/ n.对比，对照vi.形成对比vt.把…与…对比dial / daiEl/ vt./vi.拨（电话号码），打电话（给）；n.1.钟（或表）面；2.标度盘；3.拨号盘interrupt / intE rQpt/ vt.打断，打扰；终止，阻碍；vi.打断，打扰unable / Qn eibl/ a.[后接动词不定式]不能的，不会的psychologist / sai kRlEdVist/ n.心理学家human / hju：mEn/ a.人的，人类的；n.人apparatus / ，ApE reitEs/ n.器械，器具，设备rat / rAt/ n.鼠release / ri li：s/ n./vt.1.释放，解放；2.发布，发行；3放开，松开reward / ri wR：d/ n./vt.1.酬劳，奖赏；2报答interval / intEvEl/ n.间隔，间距；幕间（或工间）休息represent / repri zent/ vt.作为…代表（代理）；表示；表现intermediate / intE mi：djEt/ a.中间的；中级的advanced / Ed va：nst/ a. 先进的，高级的native-speaking a.说本族语的，讲本国话的recording / ri kR：diN/ n.录制（尤指广播，电视等）节目speaker / spi：kE/ n.1.说话者，演讲者；讲某种语言的人；2.扬声器paragraph / pArEgra：f/ n.（文章的）段落，节alike / E laik/ a.同样的，相像的wither / wiTE/ vt./vi.（使）枯萎，凋谢method / meWEd/ n.方法，办法system / sistim/ n.1.系统，体系；2.制度，体制unrelated a.无关的，不相关的proficiency / prE fiFEnsi/ n.[U]熟练，精通in contrast 成对比look up 在字典、参考书中查找be unable to 不能做某事turn on 开，接通（水源，电源，煤气等）turn off 关，关断（水源，电源，煤气等）to begin 首先，开始Los Angeles 洛杉矶（美国加州西南一港市）英语（上）5课a单词fallacy / fAlEsi/ n.谬见，错误的信念；谬误推理，谬论quality / kwRliti/ n.1.质量；2.品质，特性deer / diE/ n.鹿savage / sAvidV/ a.1.野蛮的，未开化的；2凶猛，残酷的tribe / traib/ n.1.种族，部落；2.（植物，动物）族，类bravery / breivEri/ n.[U]英勇，勇敢；勇气man-eating n./a.食人；食人的eager / i：gE/ a.热切的，渴望的civilized / sivilaizd/ a.文明的，开化的ginger / dVindVE/ n.生姜，姜root / ru：t/ n.1.根（部）；2.根本，根源；v.（使）生根，（使）扎根magical / mAdVikEl/ a.1.魔术的，似魔术的；2.不可思议的，迷人的poisonous / pRiznEs/ a.有毒的overseas / Euve si：z/ ad.在（向）海外，在（向）国外；a.（在）海外的，（在）国外的widespread / waidspred/ a.分布（或散布）广的，普遍的muscle / mQsl/ n.1.肌肉；2.力量，实力chew / tFu：/ vt./vi.咀嚼helpful / helpful/ a.1.给予帮助的，肯帮助的；2.有益的，建设性的digestive / di dVestiv/ a.消化（食物）的juice / dVu：s/ n.汁，液digest / di dVest，daidVest/ vt.消化；n.文摘foundation / faun deiFEn/ n.1.根据；2.基金会；3.基础，地基mixture / mikstFE/ n.混合；混合物belief / bi li：f/ n.1.相信；2.信念，信仰acid / Asid/ n.酸，酸性物质；a.酸的curdle / kE：dl/ vi./vt.（使）结成凝乳；变成凝乳状indigestible / indi dVestEbl/ a.难消化的；不能消化的digestion / di dVestFEn/ n.消化；吸收cream / kri：m/ n.奶油，奶油色combination / kRmbi neiFEn/ n.1.结合，联合；2.化合，化合物protein / prEuti：n/ n.蛋白质carbohydrate / ka：bEu haidreit/ n.碳水化合物；[pl.]淀粉质食物chiefly / tFi：fli/ ad.大半，主要contain / kEn tein/ vt.包含，容纳be eager to 热切想做，渴望要做substitute for …的替代物have……to do with 与…有关as a matter of fact 事实上，其实；事实恰恰相反think of……as 把…看成英语（上）5课b单词insect / insekt/ n.昆虫ant / Ant/ n.蚂蚁hardworking / ha：d wE：kiN/ a.努力工作的wrestle / resl/ vi.角力或摔跤比赛mock / mRk/ vt./vi.愚弄，嘲弄；a.假的，模拟的engage / in geidV/ vi. （in）从事于，参加；vt.1.使从事于，使忙于；2.占用（时间等）sober / sEubE/ n.1.冷静的，镇定的；2.认真，严肃的frog / frRg/ n.蛙grave / greiv/ a.1.严重的；2.严肃，庄重的；n.坟墓owl / aul/ n.猫头鹰nest / nest/ n.巢，窝beaver / bi：vE/ n.海狸dam / dAm/ n.坝，堤arrange / E reindV/ vt.1.安排，筹划；2.整理，排列plaster / pla：stE/ vt.1.粘贴；2.涂灰泥于（墙等）；n.灰泥，石膏mud / mQd/ n.泥，泥浆spider / spaidE/ n.蜘蛛scarcely / skZEsli/ ad.几乎不，几乎没有creature / kri：tFE/ n.1.生物，动物；2.人imitate / imiteit/ vt.1.模仿，仿效；2.仿制，仿造shepherd / FepEd/ n.牧羊人improvement / im pru：vmEnt/ n.改进，增进fashion / fAFEn/ n.1.方式，样子；2.流行式样instinct / instiNkt/ n.1.本能，直觉；2.生性，天性hut / hQt/ n.小屋，棚屋cage / keidV/ n.笼variety / vE raiEti/ n.1.变化，多样化；2.品种，变种；3.种种，多种多样boot / bu：t/ n.靴etc. （=et cetera）［缩］［拉］以及其他，等等wit / wit/ n.智力，才智unlike / Qn laik/ prep.不像…，和…不同a.不相似的，不同的a great deal 大量，许多be true with 对…一样，对…也是真的engage in 从事，忙于be true of 对…一样，对…也是真的as if 好像，似乎仿佛search for 搜寻，搜寻，探察take care of 1.爱护；2.照顾，照料；3.处理，对付英语（上）6课a单词rare / rZE/ a. 稀有的，难得的substance / sQbstEns/ n.1.物质；2.实，本质；3.主旨，大意slight / slait/ a.轻微的，纤细的carbon / ka：bEn/ n.碳extreme / iks tri：m/ a.1.极端的，极度的；2.尽头的，末端的；n.极端ressure / preFE/ n.压力，压强liquid / likwid/ a.液体的，液态的；n.液体molten / mEultEn/ a.（melt的过去分词）（指金属）熔化的crack / krAk/ n.裂缝，裂口；vi.爆裂，破裂crust / krQst/ n. 1.地壳；2.面包皮，硬外皮，外壳crystal / kristl/ n.水晶；晶粒；a.清澈透明的，水晶制的，晶体的popular / pRpjulE/ a.流行的，通俗的，大众的；受欢迎的gem / dVem/ n.宝石，珠宝handful / hAndful/ n.一把，一小撮gravel / grAvEl/ n.碎石，砂砾formation / fR：meiFEn/ n.[地]岩层；形成，构成pipe / paip/ n.1.管子，导管；2.烟斗；3.火山筒；vt.用管道输送volcano / vRl keinEu/ n.火山somewhat / sQmwRt/ ad.稍微，有点blast / bla：st/ n.1.疾风，强风；2.爆炸；vt.炸，炸掉elevator / eliveitE/ n.电梯，升降机crush / krQF/ vt.1.压碎，碾碎；2.镇压，压倒destroy / dis trRi/ vt.1.破坏，毁灭；2.消灭grease / gri：s，gri：z/ n.油脂；滑脂impressive / im presiv/ a.给人印象深刻的，感人的greasy / gri：si/ a.1.涂有油脂的，油污的；2.油腻的，滑的pebble / pebl/ n.小圆石；卵石experienced / iks piEriEnst/ a.有经验的miner / mainE/ n.矿工immediately / i mi：djEtli/ ad.1.立即地，即刻地；2.直接地，紧密地be made of 由…构成be popular with 受…喜欢；受…欢迎run out 用尽sort out 分类，整理stick to 附着，粘住India / indiE/ 印度Brazil / brE zil/ 巴西Russia / rQFE/ 俄罗斯South Africa 南非英语（上）6课b单词beneath / bi ni：W/ prep.在…下面（或底下），低于haze / heiz/ n.薄雾morning-glory n.牵牛花aside / E said/ ad.在旁边，到（或向）一边magnify / mAgnifai/ vt.1.放大；2.扩大，夸大puzzle / pQzl/ vt.（使）迷惑，（使）为难；vi.迷惑，苦思；n.1.测验（智力，技巧等）的问题（或游戏），智力玩具；2.迷，seed / si：d/ n.种子observe / Eb zE：v/ vt.1.注意到，察觉到；2.观察；3.说；4.遵守，奉行seaweed / si：wi：d/ n.海草；海藻former / fR：mE/ a.在前的，以前的；n.前者latter / lAtE/ a.1.后者的；2.后一半的，接近终了的；n.后者inorganic / inR：gAnik/ a.无机的dwelling / dweliN/ n.住处；住宅fairy / fZEri/ n.神仙，仙人broad / brR：d/ a.1.宽的，阔的；2.广泛的delicious / di liFEs/ a.1.美味的；2.（味觉或嗅觉）使人愉快的closely / klEusli/ ad.1.紧密地；2.严密地，密切地suck / sQk/ v.吸，吸收sap / sAp/ n.1.树液；2.元气，精气dissolve / di zRlv/ vt.1.（使）溶解，（使）融化；2.解散，取消turn aside from 离开be satisfied with 对…感到心满意足take place 发生lie in 在于hold good for （对…）适用live on 靠…生活take in 吸收；让…进入；接纳，接受suck up 吸收，吸出，吸起take up 1.拿起；2.吸收，溶解；3.占去（地方，时间，注意力等）英语（上）7课a单词definition / defi niFEn/ n. 定义，释义marriage / mAridV/ n.结婚，婚姻descend / di send/ vi.1.传下，遗传；2.下来，下降ancestor / AnsistE/ n.祖先，祖宗household / haushEuld/ n.家庭，户；a.家庭的，家常的grandparent / grAndperEnt/ n.（外）祖父或（外）祖母relative / relEtiv/ n.亲属，亲戚；a.相对的traditional / trE diFEnl/ a.传统的security / si kjuEriti/ n.安全basically / beisikEli/ ad.基本上，从根本上说nuclear / nju：kliE/ a.1.核子的，核能的；2.核心，中心的extended / iks tendid/ a.1. 展开的，扩大的；2.延伸的，延续的；3.广阔的，广泛的nucleus / nju：kliEs/ n.（原子）核；核心mother-in-law n.岳母；婆母agricultural / Agri kQltFErEl/ a.农业的industrial / in dQstriEl/ a.工业的，产业的industrialize / in dQstriElaiz/ vt.（使）工业化post-industrial a. （经济基础已由重工业转为服务业，高技术等的）后工业化的earner n.赚钱者；获得收入者split / split/ vi.1.撕裂，裂开；2.分裂，分开；vt.劈开，使分裂；n.分裂，裂口divorce / di vR：s/ n./vi.离婚vt.与…离婚，使分裂social / sEuFEl/ a.1.社会的；2.交际的，社交的remarry / ri：mAri/ vt./vi.（使）再婚care for 喜欢，对…中意；对…担心；照顾，照料split up 1.分裂，分开；2.吵架，离婚talk of 谈到，谈起英语（上）7课b单词structure / strQktFE/ n.1结构，构造；2.建筑物；vt.建造，建立generation / dVenE reiFEn/ n.1.一代（人）；2.产生，发生customary / kQstEmEri/ a.1.习惯上的，惯常的；2.合乎（或基于）习俗的partner / pa：tnE/ n.1.配偶；2.搭档，伙伴，合伙人similarity / simi lAriti/ n.相似，类似role / rEul/ n.1.角色；2.作用similarly / similEli/ ad.相似地，类似地physical / fizikEl/ a.1.身体的，肉体的；2.物理的，物理学的；3.物质的，有形的emotional / i mEuFEnl/ a.感情的，情绪的provider n.1.供应者；提供者；2.养家糊口的人housework / hauswE：k/ n.家务劳动；家事preparation / prepE reiFEn/ n.准备，预备pregnant / pregnEnt/ a.怀孕的，妊娠的primary / praimEri/ a.最初的，初级的；首要的，主要的，基本的preschool / pri：sku：l/ a.学龄前的，入学前的baby-sitter n.代人临时照看小孩的人dependent / di pendEnt/ a.依靠的，依赖的（on，upon）provide for 赡养，为…提供必需品in addition 另外，加之give up 交出，让出；放弃，抛弃，辞去instead of 代替；而不是…be busy doing 忙于做（某事）in conclusion 最后，在结束时英语（上）8课a单词telecommunication n.电信，远距离通信via / vaiE/ prep.经由，经过，通过satellite / sAtElait/ n.卫星，人造卫星transmit / trAnz mit/ vt.1.播送，发射；2.传送，传递；3.输送photography / fE tRgrEfi/ n.1.摄影，照相；2.摄影术telegraph / teligra：f/ n.1.电报机，电报（指通信方式）；2（一份）电报；vt.用电报发送；打电报给；vi.打电报establish / is tAbliF/ vt.1.建立，创办，设立；2.确立，使确认signal / signEl/ n.信号，暗号vt./vi.（向…）发信号orbit / R：bit/ vt./vi.绕（…的）轨道运行n.轨道visual / vizjuEl/ a.视觉的，看得见的capable / keipEbl/ a.有能力的，有才能的；能…的（of）broadcast / brR：dka：st/ n./vt./vi.广播，播音computer / kEm pju：tE/ n.计算机，电脑theory / WiEri/ n.1.理论，原理；2学说access / Akses/ n.1.通道，入口；2.接近（或进入）的机会，享用机会unlimited / Qn limitid/ a.1.无界限的，无边无际的；2.无限制的，无约束的；3.无数的，无限量的demonstrate / demEnstreit/ vt.1.说明，演示；2.论证，证实；vi.示威游行educational / edju keiFEnl/ a.1.教育的，教育方面的；2.有教育意义的remote / ri mEut/ a.1.遥远，偏僻的；2.（可能性）很小的isolate / aisEleit/ vt.使隔离，使孤立；a.孤立的transportation / trAnspR：teiFEn/ n.1.运输；2.运输系统，运输工具instruction / in strQkFEn/ n.教学，指导；命令，指示，用法说明conversation / kRnvE seiFEn/ n.谈话，会话simultaneously ad.同时发生地，同时进行地channel / tFAnl/ n.频道；航道；渠道vt.通过…获得，传送risk / risk/ vt.冒…的危险n.冒险，风险privacy / praivEsi/ n.1.私事，私生活；2.隐私；3.独处personal / pE：sEnl/ a.1.个人的，私人的；2.亲自的movie / mu：vi/ n.电影contact / kRntAkt，kEn tAkt/ n.接触，联系vt.与…接触，使联系technology / tek nRlEdVi/ n.工艺，技术harm / ha：m/ n./vt.伤害，损害，危害expert / ekspE：t/ n.专家，能手；a.熟练的，内行的application / Apli keiFEn/ n.1.申请，申请表；2.应用，实施be capable of （指人）有某种能力或倾向的have access to 可接近，可进入lead to 导致；通向Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会Olympics / ou limpiks/ 奥林匹克运动会比赛项目（=Olympic Games）英语（上）8课b单词obvious / RbviEs/ a.显然的，明显的widely ad.1.广泛地，普遍地；2.广博地；3.大大地shelter / FeltE/ n.1.掩蔽，保护；2.掩蔽处，躲避处；vt.掩蔽，庇护atmosphere / AtmEsfiE/ n.1.大气，大气圈，大气层；2.（心理上的）周围情况,环境，气氛deadly / dedli/ a.致死的，致命的ray / rei/ n.光线，射线atmospheric / AtmEs ferik/ a.1.大气的，空气的；2.大气层的；大气所引起的automobile / R：tEmEbi：l/ n.汽车tire / taiE/ n.轮胎gas / gAs/ 1.气体；2.煤气；3.汽油per / pE：/ prep.每，每一column / kRlEm/ n.1.柱，圆柱；2.栏，专栏（文章）electrical / i lektrikEl/ a.电的，电气的existence / ig zistEns/ n.1.存在；2.生存，生活gaze / geiz/ vi./n.凝视，注视lightning / laitniN/ n.闪电thorough / WQrE/ a./ad.1.彻底的，完全的；2.仔细周到的，精心的radar / reidE/ n.雷达create / kri（：）eit/ vt.1.创造；2.创作；3.引起，产生hydrogen / haidridVEn/ n.氢curve / kE：v/ n.1.曲线，弧线；2.弯曲；vt./vi.（使）弯曲，（使）成曲线unending / Qn endiN/ a.1.永无止境的，不尽的；2.不断的，不停的meantime / mi：n taim/ n.同时，其间element / elimEnt/ n.1.成分，要素；2.元素atomic / E tRmik/ a.原子能的；原子的explosion / iks plEuVEn/ n.爆炸，爆发in order to 为了protect……from 防御（危险；敌人等）rest upon 依赖，依靠in the meantime 在此期间，（与此）同时pay attention to 注意Sydney Chapman 西德尼·查普曼（人名）英语（上）9课a单词learned / lE：nid/ a.1.有学问的，博学的；2.学术上的；a.经过训练学到的cultivated / kQltiveitid/ a.1.耕种的，耕作的；2.栽培的，非野生的；3.有修养的，文雅的concern / kEn sE：n/ n.1.关心，挂念；2.关系，关联；vt.1.涉及，有关于；2.使关心stock / stRk/ n.1.备料，库存；2.股票，公债；3.有货；vt.储备，储存possession / pE zeFEn/ n.所有，拥有；所有物relatively / relEtivli/ ad.比较而言；相对地educated / edVukeitid/ a.1.受过教育的，有知识的；2.有教养的occasion / E keiVEn/ n.1.时刻；2.场合，重大（或特殊）的活动；3.时机，机会acquaintance / E kweintEns/ n.1.认识，了解；2.相识的人，熟人formal / fR：mEl/ a.1.正式的；2.形式的3.礼仪上的highly ad.高度地；极；非常topic / tRpik/ n.1.题目，话题；2.主题elevated / eliveitid/ a.1.提高的，升高的；2.高贵，庄严的style / stail/ n.1.风格；2.文体；3.式样importance / im pR：tEns/ n.重要（性）vivacious / vi veiFEs/ a.活泼的，轻快的case / keis/ n.1.情况，事实；2.病例；案件；3.箱，盒noun / naun/ n.名词Latin / lAtin/ a.拉丁的，拉丁人的，拉丁语的；n.拉丁语，拉丁人derivative / di rivEtiv/ n.派生词；派生物；a.派生的，衍生的adjective / AdViktiv/ n.形容词grown-up a.成熟的，成人的；n.成年人apply / E plai/ vi.1.申请，请求（for）；2.适用（to）；vt.应用，运用（to）absolute / AbsElu：t/ a.绝对的，完全的popularity / pRpju lAriti/ n.1.普及，流行；2.名望，受欢迎classification / klAsifi keiFEn/ n.分类；分级convenient / kEn vi：njEnt/ a.方便的avoid / E vRid/ vt.避免，避开misconception / miskEn sepFEn/ n.误解，错误想法；错误印象presence / prezns/ n.1.出席，到场；2.存在cultivation / kQlti veiFEn/ n.1.耕种，耕作；2.教养，修养literature / litEritFE/ n.1.文学，文学作品；2.文献，图书资料make up 1.（由部分）组成，构成（全体）；2.弥补，补偿，赔偿（损失等）；3.捏造stock in trade 1.库存；2.常用手段belong to 属于；是…的成员at large 1.普遍，一般地；2.自由地，（未被捕）逍遥自在地come up 出现as to 至于，关于be due to 由于，因为rather than 与其…（不如）；不是…（而是）英语（上）9课b单词vocabulary / vE kAbjulEri/ n.1.词汇（量）；2.词（汇）表context / kRntekst/ n.上下文，语境interrupt / intE rQpt/ vt.打断，打扰；终止，阻碍；vi.打断，打扰process / prEuses/ n.1.过程，进程；2.工序，加工方法；vt.加工，处理productive / prE dQktiv/ a.1.生产的；2.多产的，富饶的；3.富有成效的swift / swift/ a.快速的，敏捷的securely ad.1.安全地；2.牢固地，稳固地；3.信心十足地，有把握地intend / in tend/ vt.1.想要，打算（后接to do或doing）；2.意指，意思是specific / spi sifik/ a.1.具体的，明确的；2.特定的，特有的preference / prefErEns/ n.（for，to）1.偏爱；2.优先（权）prefix / pri：fiks/ n.前缀suffix / sQfkis/ n.后缀insert / in sE：t，insE：t/ vt.插入，嵌入apparently / E pArEntli/ ad.1.显然地；2.表面上，似乎consult / kEn sQlt/ vt.1.请教，向…咨询；2.查阅，查看；vi.交换意见，商议tentative / tentEtiv/ a.试探性的；尝试性的spark / spa：k/ n.火花，火星；vi发火花，发电花；vt.激发，引起personally / pE：sEnEuli/ ad.1.亲自，当面；2.就个人而言；3.作为个人，个别地heighten / haitn/ vt.1.加高，提高，增高；2.增加，，加强formula / fR：mjulE/ n.公式maximum / mAksimEm/ n.最大限度，最大量，顶点；a.最高的，最大的effectiveness / i fektivnis/ n.效果，有效性sharpen / Fa：pEn/ vt.1.削尖，磨尖；2.使敏锐，使敏捷awareness n.1.意识，觉悟；2.懂事，明智contextual / kEn tekstFuEl/ a.上下文的；取决于上下文的accuracy / AkjurEsi/ n.准确（性），精确（性）ease / i：z/ n.1.容易；2.舒适，安逸；vt./vi.缓和，减轻come across 偶然遇见，碰上begin with 以…开始，以…为起点come up with 提出after all 毕竟；终究provide somebody with 给某人提供…Sherlock Holmes 夏洛克·福尔摩斯英语（上）10课a单词scientific / saiEn tifik/ a.科学的attitude / Atitju：d/ n.1.姿势，姿态；2.态度，看法（to，forwards）environment / in vaiErEnmEnt/ n.环境，周围状况，自然环境curiosity / kjuEri Rsiti/ n.好奇（心）；求知欲imagination / i mAdVi neiFEn/ n.1.想象，想象力；2.空想，幻觉apart / E pa：t/ ad.分离，分开stimulate / stimjuleit/ vt.刺激，激励scientifically / saiEn tifikEli/ ad.科学地relationship / ri leiFEnFip/ n.关系，联系phenomenon / fi nRminEn/ n.现象，迹象unknown / Qn nEun/ 未知的，不知名的open-minded a.1.无偏见的；2.虚心的open-mindedness 1.无偏见；2.虚心regardless / ri ga：dlis/ a.1.不留心的，不注意的2.不关心的；ad.不论如何，不顾，不惜previously / pri：vjEsli/ ad.在前地，早先地disagreeable / disE griEbl/ a.让人讨厌的，不合心意的unpleasant / Qn pleznt/ a.使人不愉快的；不合意的failure / feiljE/ n.1.失败；2.失灵，故障；3.没做到，不履行（to+v.）solution / sE lju：FEn/ n.1.解答，解决办法；2.溶解，溶液thinking / WiNkiN/ n.1.思想，思考；2.想法，见解adapt / E dApt/ vt.1.使适应，使适合（to）；2.改编，改写；vi.适应（to）perfect / pE：fikt，pE：fekt/ a.1.完美的，完满的；2.完全的，十足的；vt.使完美acceptable / Ek septEbl/ a.可以接受的entirely / in taiEli/ ad.1.全部，完整地；2.完全地，彻底地frequently / fri：kwEntli/ ad.经常地；频繁地evidence / evidEns/ n.根据，证据finding / faindiN/ n.发现（物）；［常pl.］（调查或研究）结果sprout / spraut/ vi.（种子，植物）发牙，抽条；vi.使发芽；n.新芽，嫩苗determine / di tE：min/ vt.1.决定；2.查明，确定；3.决心growth / grEuW/ n.1.增长，增加；2.生长，发展lay aside 把…放在一边，把…搁置一旁；留存take apart 拆散；拆开carry out 1.实行；2.贯彻，执行believe in 相信，信任regardless of 不顾；不管in advance 1.预先，事先；2.在前面adapt……to 使…适应…make up one‘s mind 下决心once and for all 永远地，一劳永逸地in the light of 1.按照，根据；2.鉴于respect for 尊重laugh at 嘲笑；讥笑Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林（美国政治家及科学家）Thomas Edison 爱迪生（美国发明家）Galileo / gAli leiEu/ 伽利略（意大利物理学及天文学家）Louis Pasteur 巴斯德（法国化学家及微生物学家）英语（上）10课b单词solve / sRlv/ vt.解决，解答arouse / E rauz/ vt.1.引起，激起；2.唤起，唤醒procedure / prE si：dVE/ n.程序，手续，步骤obtain / Eb tein/ vt.获得，得到solution / sE lju：FEn/ n.1.解答，解决办法；2.溶解，溶液arise / E raiz/ vi.出现，发生；（from）由…引起biological / baiE lRdVikEl/ a.生物学（上）的engineering / endVi niEriN/ n.1.工程，工程学；2.操纵，管理microelectronics n.微电子学，超小型电子学account / E kaunt/ n.1.叙述，说明；2.账，账户；vi.（for）说明（原因等）related / ri leitid/ a.1.有关的，相关的（to）；2.有亲戚（或亲缘）关系的background / bAkgraund/ n.背景logical / lRdVikEl/ a.逻辑（上）的，符合逻辑的mathematical / mAWi mAtikEl/ a.数学（上）的analysis / E nAlEsis/ n. 1.分析；2.分解unanswered / Qn AnsEd/ a.1.未予答复的；2.无响应的，无报答的indicate / indikeit/ vt.1.指示，指出；2.表示，表明inference / infErEns/ n.推论，推理，推断hypothesis / hai pRWisi：z/ n.1.假说，假设；2（无根据的）猜测，揣测prediction / pri dikFEn/ n.1.预言，预计；2.预报confidence / kRnfidEns/ n.信任，信心probable / prRbEbl/ a.很可能的，大概的unreliable / Qnri laiEbl/ a.1.不可靠的，靠不住的；2.不可信赖的modify / mRdifai/ vt.修改，更改accurate / Akjurit/ a.准确的，精确的variable / vZEriEbl/ n.变量；a.1.易变，可变的；2.变量的experimentation / eks perimen teiFEn/ n.实验，试验a variety of 1.种种；2.若干不同的result from 发生；因…引起，起因于in need of 需要build up 增长，增强；逐渐积聚，集结carry out 1.实行；2.贯彻，执行turn out to be 原来是，（最后）证明是check with 与…相符，一致英语（上）11课a单词garage / gAra：V/ n.车库；（常兼汽车修理，销售业务的）加油站unwanted / Qn wRntid/ a.没人要的；不需要的，无用的，多余的rid / rid/ 使摆脱，使去掉（of）homemade / hEum meid/ a.1.家里做的；2.自制的；3.本国制造的neighborhood / neibEhud/ n.四邻，邻近地区，附近advertisement / Ed vE：tismEnt/ n.广告local / lEukEl/ a.1.地方性的，当地的；2.局部的buyer / baiE/ n.购买者；买主basement / beismEnt/ n.地下室wherever / wZEr evE/ conj.无论在哪里，无论到哪里；ad.无论什么地方ever-increasing a.不断增长的，持续增长的replica / replikE/ n.复制品stuff / stQf/ n.1.原料，材料；2.东西；vt.填满，塞满castoff / kAstRf/ a.1.抛弃的，丢开的；2.穿旧的；n.被抛弃的人（或物）seller n.1.卖者；2.销售物extra / ekstrE/ a.额外的ad.特别地n.额外的事物save / seiv/ vt.1.求助，搭救；2.储蓄，积攒；3.节省original / E ridVEnEl/ a.1.起初的，原来的；2.独创的，新颖的；n.1.原作，原物；2.原文computerization / kEm pju：tErai zeiFn/ n.计算机的使用；计算机化remnant / remnEnt/ n.残余，剩余；残余物，残存部分era / iErE/ n.时代，纪元hobby / hRbi/ n.业余爱好weekend / wi：kend/ n.周末bargain / ba：gin/ n.1.交易；2.特价商品；v.讨价还价hunter / hQntE/ n.1.猎人，狩猎者；2.搜寻者fabulous / fAbjulEs/ a.1.神话式的；2.惊人，难以置信的painting / peintiN/ n.1.（一幅）画；2.绘画，绘画艺术；3.（上）油漆reporter / ri pR：tE/ n.1.记者；2.新闻广播员mercy / mE：si/ n.慈悲，仁慈，宽容bless / bles/ vt.1.赐福；2.祝福reluctant / ri lQktEnt/ a.不情愿的，勉强的enthusiasm / in Wju：ziAzEm/ n.热情，热心recent / ri：snt/ a.新近的，近来的bound / baund/ a.1.一定的，必然的（to+v.）；2.受约束的，有义务的；3.准备到…去的，开往（或驶往）…的（for）sort through 整理，把…分类get rid of 摆脱，解脱，除去set out 1.出发，起程；2.宣布，发表，3.展示，陈列put up 提出以供…；举起，抬起be fed up with 因多而厌烦；不满search for 搜寻，搜寻，探察turn （somebody）off （使）失去兴趣（或爱好，热情）；（使）不再喜欢（人或事物）；（使）厌烦。
自考04729《大学英语》总复习资料
自考04729《大学英语》总复习资料一、词汇复1. 同义词- 孤独的：独自的，寂寞的- 知识：学问，智慧- 帮助：援助，协助- 丰富：富饶，充实- 快乐：愉快，欢乐2. 反义词- 机会：困境，难题- 好的：坏的，差的- 增加：减少，减轻- 美丽：丑陋，丑恶- 安全：危险，不安全二、语法复1. 时态练- 现在进行时：I am studying English.- 过去进行时：She was reading a book.- 将来进行时：We will be leaving soon.- 现在完成时：He has finished his homework.- 过去完成时：They had already left when I arrived.2. 名词复数形式- 单数变复数：- car - cars- book - books- box - boxes- dish - dishes- 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加es：- dress - dresses- brush - brushes- box - boxes- watch - watches- 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i，再加es：- city - cities- baby - babies- party - parties- body - bodies- 不规则复数形式：- man - men- woman - women- child - children- goose - geese三、阅读理解练Johnny is a shy and lonely boy. He has no friends at school and spends most of his time alone. One day, Johnny's teacher noticed his lonel。
自考英语一单词
自考英语一单词
一、基础词汇。
1. abandon [əˈbændən] vt. 放弃；抛弃；放纵。
2. ability [əˈbɪləti] n. 能力；才能。
3. able [ˈeɪbl] adj. 能够的；有能力的。
4. aboard [əˈbɔːd] prep. 在（船、飞机、车）上；adv. 在船（或飞机、车）上。
5. about [əˈbaʊt] prep. 关于；大约；在…周围；adv. 大约；周围；到处。
二、中级词汇。
1. accent [ˈæksent] n. 口音；重音；强调；vt. 强调；重读。
2. accept [əkˈsept] vt. 接受；承认；承担；承兑；vi. 承认；同意；承兑。
3. access [ˈækses] n. 通道；进入；机会；使用权；vt. 使用；存取；接近。
4. accident [ˈæksɪdənt] n. 事故；意外；[法] 意外事件；机遇。
5. accompany [əˈkʌmpəni] vt. 陪伴，伴随；伴奏；vi. 伴奏，伴唱。
三、高级词汇。
1. accomplish [əˈkʌmplɪʃ] vt. 完成；实现；达到。
2. according [əˈkɔːdɪŋ] adv. 依照；根据；按照；取决于；v. 给予（accord的现在分词）
3. account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 账户；解释；账目，账单；理由；vi. 解释；导致；报账；vt. 认为；把…视为。
4. accumulate [əˈkjuːmjəleɪt] vt. 积攒；vi. 累积；积聚。
自考英语词汇学复习大纲自己整理
⾃考英语词汇学复习⼤纲⾃⼰整理11 C h a p t e r 1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word（he definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.）1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional. A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up theword just automatically suggest the animal in question.1.3 sound and form ：1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary ⾮基本词汇 by use frequency 按使⽤频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和⾮基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 p ol ysemy ⼀词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语jargon ⾏话 slang 俚语 argon ⿊话 dialectal words ⽅⾔词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style ⽂体上中性frequent in use 使⽤频繁native words本地词borrowed words外来词denizens 同化词aliens 异形词translation-loans 译借词semantic-loans 借义词1. No enough letters: alphabet from latin2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点22C h a p t e r 2D e v e l o p m e n tIt is assumed that the world has approximately 3, 000 (some put it 5, 000 ) languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. 2.1 Indo-European 印欧语Eastern set ：东部诸语族： Western set ：西部诸语族： Balto-Slavic 波罗的海-斯拉夫语 Indo-Iranian 印度-伊朗语Armenian 亚美尼亚语 Albanian 阿尔巴尼亚语 Celtic 凯尔特语 Italic 意⼤利语Hellenic 希腊语 ——GreekGermanic ⽇⽿曼语Persian 波斯语 Bengali 孟加拉国语 Hindi 印地语 Romany 普吉赛语 Prussian 普鲁⼠语Lithuanian ⽴陶宛语 Polish 波兰语 Czech 捷克语 Bulgarian 保加利亚语 Slovenian 斯洛⽂尼亚语 Russian 俄语 Portuguese 葡萄⽛语 Spanish 西班⽛语 French 法语 Italian 意⼤利语 Roumanian 罗马尼亚语Scottish 苏格兰语 Irish 爱尔兰语 Welsh 威尔⼠语 Breton 布⾥多尼语 Latin 拉丁语⾔2.2 Historical review历史概述2.3 Growth of Present-day English VocabularyNorwegian 挪威语Icelandic 冰岛语Danish 丹麦语Swedish 瑞典语German 德语Dutch 荷兰语Flemish 佛兰德语English 英语Scandinavian languages斯堪的纳维亚语50000-60000 words 5万~6万间词汇Highly inflected ⾼度转折complex endings 复杂的结尾vowel changes 元⾳变化French words 法语词汇leveled endings ⽔平结尾Early Modern English (1500-1700)早期现代英语Late Modern English (1700-up to the present)晚期现代英语Borrow 借词new words 新词no endings ⽆结尾from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language。
自考英语(一)English_jy09011
Text A Learned Words and Popular WordsNew Words1.前缀单词misconception 误解，错误想法；错误印象2.合成grown-up 成熟的，成人的；成年人3.后缀单词（1）名词后缀possession 所有，拥有；所有物acquaintance 认识，了解；相识的人，熟人importance 重要（性）presence 出席，到场；存在popularity 普及，流行；名望，受欢迎classification 分类；分级presence 出席，到场；存在cultivation 耕种，耕作；教养，修养（2）形容词后缀Learned 有学问的，博学的；学术上的经过训练学到的cultivated 耕种的，耕作的；栽培的，非野生的；有修养的，文雅的elevated 提高的，升高的；高贵的，庄严的educated 受过教育的，有知识的；有教养的formal 正式的；形式的，礼仪上vivacious 活泼的，轻快的convenient 方便的（3）副词后缀relatively 比较而言；相对地highly 高度地；极；非常Cruces words重点词汇：1.cultivated 耕种的，耕作的；栽培的，非野生的；有修养的，文雅的For example：The fields are cultivated in the Spring.（春天要耕种田地）He has cultivated an interest in art ever since he lived with his uncle. （（自从他和叔叔生活以后他培养了对艺术的兴趣。
）concern 关心，挂念；关系，关联；涉及，有关于；使关心，使挂念as far as somebody/something be concerned 至于…；对…而言；be concerned for/about 对…比较关心；对…比较挂念For example：As far as structure is concerned, this article is quite a good one.（就结构而言，这篇文章相当不错。
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________l A、blamedforB、blamedtoC、blamedonD、blamedat正确答案：C答案解析：此题考查固定词组blamesth.onsb.把...怪到...头上。
3、Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A、lookingupB、lookingthroughC、lookingintoD、lookingon正确答案：C答案解析：A(在书中)查找B仔细查阅，审查，(对某人)视而不见C调查，研究，查问D.观看，旁观，看待4、Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A、pushB、provideC、turnD、set正确答案：D答案解析：setaside：留出，拨出。
是固定搭配。
5、We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A、datedB、datingC、comingD、kept正确答案：B答案解析：本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。
datingbacktothe16thcentury的逻辑主语是stonefigure。
6、Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A、whatB、thatC、whichD、why正确答案：A答案解析：what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成”Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。
自考英语(一)English_jy20031
语法强调句如果要强调句中的某一成分，可以把这一成分放到单独的分句中，这样处理的句子称为强调句（emphatic sentence）或分裂句（cleft sentence）。
一、强调句的构成有两种形式。
一种是it作引导词，将需要强调的部分提到前面分句的句首。
其构成形式为：1. It is （was）+被强调部分+that（who, which）+句子的其它部分被强调部分通常为主语、宾语和状语。
译成汉语时，被强调部分常用“是”，“正是”，“就是”等词来表示强调的含义。
Anne had a severe heart attack last night. 安妮昨晚得了严重的心脏病。
我们可以用三个强调句分别强调主语，宾语和状语：1. It was Anne that（who）had a severe heart attack last night. 正是安妮昨晚得了严重的心脏病。
2. It was a severe heart attack that Anne had last night. 安妮昨晚得的是严重的心脏病。
3. It was last night that Anne had a severe heart attack. 就是在昨晚安妮得了严重的心脏病。
（强调状语时要用that 连接，这里that不是关系代词，而是连接词。
）（1）本句叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以it后面使用动词was。
如果叙述的是现在或将来发生的事情则用is。
It is the dieters who（that）want to lose weight fast. 正是这些节食者想要快速减肥。
It is from her brother that she will borrow the money. 她要借钱的对象正是她哥哥。
（2）在被强调部分的后面，一般用that引出句子的其它部分。
但是如果强调的部分是表示人的名词，那么也可用who。
自考00012英语(一)重点知识点汇总【速记宝典】
英语（一）（00012适用全国）速记宝典一、简答题命题来源：英语（一）的学习，考纲要求掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量（3500），并熟悉英语语言的表达方式。
答题攻略（1）重点拿分题：阅读判断，阅读选择，概括段落大意及补全句子。
（2）技巧备考题：填句补文，填词补文，完型补文。
（3）模板背诵题：作文。
（4）植根书本课文、多做模拟题与真题（5）单词记忆放在具体语境中，尤其是课文；把生词记忆和课文结合，记单词是为学课文服务。
（6）通过做基础语法练习和阅读练习来巩固和加强基本词汇和常用词组的练习。
（7）在考试题的练习中巩固和提高词汇的应用能力。
（8）占卷面总分一半的试题所用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的。
其余的试题所用句子虽然不是引自教材，但他们的选择也是严格按照考试大纲的要求和教材的范围进行的。
重点1：基本词汇和常用词组。
1.单词记忆：构词记忆、分类记忆、同反义记忆、阅读记忆等。
（1）构词记忆：前缀、后缀、词根、词干、合成。
un-unable，unemployment，uncoverre-rebuild，recycle，rewrite，review-ful beautiful，wonderful，helpful，truthful-ous dangerous，generous，courageous合成词：weekend，homesick，woman police，man-made，duty-free扩展：create creator creation creative creatively succeed success successful successfully（2）分类记忆island岛、岛状物insular海岛peninsula半岛islet小岛happy，joyous，blessed，pleasing，delightful快乐的，高兴的。
(3)同反义记忆accept，receive;accident，event，incident；problem，issue，question，matter。
自考英语(一)English_jy08011
Text A Telecommunication via SatelliteNew Words1.含有前缀的单词telecommunication电信，远距离通信unlimited无界限的，无边无际的；无限制的，无约束的；无数的2.含有后缀的单词visual 视觉的，看得见的capable 有能力的，有才能的；能…的（of）educational 教育的，教育方面的；有教育意义的personal 个人的，私人的；亲自的transportation 运输；运输系统，运输工具instruction 教学，指导；[常pl.]命令，指示，用法说明application 申请，申请表；应用，实施simultaneously 同时发生地，同时进行地3.复合photography 摄影，照相；摄影术broadcast 广播，播音Cruces words重点词汇：1.telecommunication 电信，远距离通信，2.via 经由，经过，通过satellite 卫星，人造卫星planet 行星3.transmit 播送，发射；传送，传递；输送For example：The news program will be transmitted at 7:00 p.m.（新闻节目将在晚上7：00开播。
）4.photography 摄影，照相；摄影术black and white photography黑白照5.telegraph 电报机，电报6.establish 建立，创办，设立；确立For example：The university was established more than one hundred years ago.（这所大学建于一百多年前。
）For example：He established his credit with honesty.（他用诚实确立了信誉。
）7.signal 信号，暗号；（向…）发信号For example：A red light is usually a signal of danger.（红灯通常是危险的信号。
自考英语词汇学
自考英语词汇学一、基本概念。
1. Word（单词）- 发音：[wɜːd]- 词性：名词（n.）- 定义：A word is a single distinct meaningful element of speech or writing, used with others (or sometimes alone) to form a sentence and typically shown with a space on either side when written or printed.例如：“book”“run”“happy”都是单词。
2. Lexicon（词汇）- 发音：[ˈleksɪkən]- 词性：名词（n.）- 定义：The vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge. 一个人、一种语言或者一个知识领域的词汇总和。
例如：The lexicon of medical terms is very large.（医学术语的词汇量非常大。
）3. Morpheme（语素）- 发音：[ˈmɔːfiːm]- 词性：名词（n.）- 定义：The smallest meaningful unit in a language. 语言中最小的有意义的单位。
例如，“un - happy”中，“un -”（否定前缀，表“不”）和“happy”都是语素。
二、构词法（Word - formation）1. Prefixation（前缀法）- 发音：[priːfɪkˈseɪʃn]- 词性：名词（n.）- 定义：The formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases or stems. 通过给词根或词干添加前缀来构成新词。
- 例子：- “un -”（不） + “kind”（善良的） = “unkind”（不善良的），“un -”的发音：[ʌn]。
自考《英语词汇学》复习资料第一章
以下是我整理的英语词汇学的资料。
我在考的时候主要就是靠这个东东。
希望对还没有过的⼈有所帮助。
⼤家请注意：笔记中⼤多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的基础，应该⼀字不漏的背下来。
其实不少简答题也就是⼏个定义的汇总，再加上个例⼦就可以拿满分了。
区分两个词的区别，主要还是指明其各⾃的定义。
第⼀章 1. Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 2. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman” means ’Frau’ in German， ’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand，the same sound /rait/ can mean right， rite and write， though denoting different things， yet have the same sound. 3. The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors. （At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns） a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling c）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500 d）. Borrowing of foreign language 4. Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect， a given book， a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history. The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words. 5.Classification of Words—by use frequency， by notion， by origin 1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary. 1. all national character （most important）– natural phenomena most common things and phenomena of the human body and relations world around us names of plants and animals action， size， domain， state numerals， pronouns， prep. ，conj. 2. stability – they donate the commonest thing necessary to life， they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative，some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow. e.g. arrow， bow， chariot， knight – past electricity， machine， car， plane —— now 3. productivity – they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words， they can form new words with other roots and affixes. e.g. foot – football， footage， footpath， footer 4. polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous. e.g. take to move or carry from one place to another to remove 5. collocability – quite a number of set expressions， idiomatic usages， proverbial saying and others e.g. heart – a change of heart， a heart of gold Non-basic vocabulary —— 1. terminology – technical terms photoscanning， hepatitis， indigestion， penicillin， algebra， trigonometry， calculus 2. jargon – specialized vocabulary in certain professions. Bottom line， ballpark figures， bargaining chips， hold him back， hold him in， paranoid 3. slang —— substandard words often used in informal occasions dough and bread， grass and pot， beaver， smoky， bear， catch， holler， Roger， X-rays， Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage. 4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groups can-opener， dip， persuader cant， jargon ， argot are associated with， or most available to， specific groups of the population. 5. dialectal words – only by speakers of the dialect beauty， chook， cocky， station， auld， build， coo， hame， lough， bog 6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems， legal document and religious writing or speech. 7. neologism – newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics， futurology， AIDS， internet， E-mail old meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse， monitor 2）. Content word （notional word） – denote clear notions. Functional word （empty word， form word） – do not have notions of their own， express the relation between notions， words and sentences. a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous. Functional words are in a small number. b. Content words are growing. Functional words remain stable. c. Functional words do far more work of expression than content words. 3）. Native words – are words brought to Britain in the 15 century by the German tribes. Ango-Saxon Words， 50，000-60，000 What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are 1. neutral in style （not stylistical specific ） 2. 2.frequent in use （in academic fields and science French， Latin or Greek are used）（usage 70-90%） Borrowed words （loan words， borrowing） – words taken over from foreign language. 80% According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing， we can bring the loan words under 4 classes. 1.Denizens – words borrowed early and now are well assimilated into English language. e.g. port from portus（L） shift， change， shirt， pork cup from cuppa（L） 2.Aliens – retained their original pronunciation and spelling e.g. décor（F） blitzkreeg（G） emir， intermez， rowtow， bazaar， rajar， status quo 3.translation loans – formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken fromanother language. 1）. Word translated according to the meaning e.g. mother tough from lingua maternal（L） black humor from humor noir long time no see， surplus value， master piece 2）. Words translated according to the sound e.g. kulak from kyrak（Russ） lama from lama（Tib） ketchup tea 4. Semantic loans – their meaning are borrowed from another language e.g. stupid old dump new sassy dream old joy and peace pioneer old explorer/person doing pioneering work new a member of the young pioneer fresh old impertinent， sassy， cheeky。
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自考英语一词汇
第一部分
一些需要注意的词汇、词组及句型
UNIT 1
disagree with
not only…but also
hundreds of
with the help of
guarantee
neither…nor
be different from
mean to do
succeed in doing sth.
take away
offer sth. to sb. (offer sb. sth.) to
consist of
practice doing
depend on
instead of
look for
make a mistake (make mistakes)
be willing to
information
be interested in sth. (in doing sth.)
in order to
on the other hand (might) do well to do sth.
UNIT 2
be/feel sure of sth. attract attention lead…with…
for the most part
due
persuade sb. to do sth. similar to sth
furniture
clothing
be charged to
available
in addition to
put out
raise/rise
be characteristic of spend on sth./in doing sth. catch the eye
tend to (do sth)
no more than identify…wit h
carry over
as well as
put up with
be responsible for decide on
reach
make an estimate of approve
be involved in doing sth.
UNIT 3 separate…from remain
keep…from doing sth. more exactly
make sb. do sth.
keep tied to
as…as
except for between…and
while
few/a few
keep… in (one’s) mind hung It takes sb. how much time to do sth. light up
dry up
speak of
on an/the average
just like/ just as
little/a little
nothing but
crew
affect
pile up
such+(adj.)+n.+that seem to
UNIT 4
focus o ne’s attention on
recall
a number of/ the number of
at a later time
make sense
in contrast
help sb. do sth.
look up
rhyme
be unable to
make a difference allow sb. to do ability to do both… and
in order
turn on/off random
be released from as follows
be rewarded with needless to say represent
refer to (doing)
to begin relate… to sound alike associate with hold
add to
striking compare with integrated
UNIT 5 primitive
a great deal
be eager to
be true with/of
It was once thought that…
as well
be supposed to…
engage in
grow up
appear to
supply
as if
widespread
search for
substitute for
scarcely
to have sth. (nothing) to do with in some respects
as a matter of fact
connect with
contain
take care of
think of… as
by instinct
It is …that…
gather together
There was no use in doing sth.
UNIT 6
rare
slight
turn aside from
be made of/from
stomachs
change… into…
be satisfied with
be popular with
take place
run out
fail to do
handfuls of
lie in
sort out
one fourth
form
somewhat
blast
be classed as crush
flow
the former…, the latter…coated with
hold good
stick to
live on
leave behind
take in
impressive experienced
suck up
It is well known that…take up
UNIT 7
descend
common
provide for
and so on
in addition
far away from
make decision therefore
share…with
similarity/similarly give up
care for
dependent/independent earn money
be busy doing
split up
in conclusion
get divorced
talk of
UNIT 8
at the beginning of
be forced to do establish protect…from
pick up
rest upon
be capable of
gaze at
display
thorough
cause
have access to
in the meantime follow instruction
pay attention to
at the same time It is time to do risk
pay for
isolate…from…
contact
harm
prevent…from…
lead to
UNIT 9
make up
build up
familiar with
come across
even if
interrupt
process
concern
after all
stock in
trade
intend
belong to。