语法专项突破 专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第3讲 词性转化(构词法) 含答案

语法专项突破

专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词

第3讲词性转化(构词法)

一、动词/形容词转化为名词的规律

1.动词变名词的后缀

2.形容词变名词的后缀

二、名词/动词转化为形容词的规律

三、形容词转化为副词的规律

❖厘清两种情况，突破词性转化❖

一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰”与“被修饰”

1.名词在句中做宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰。

[例1] She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).

[例2] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the __________(develop) of chopsticks.

2.形容词在句中做定语，常放在名词之前

[例3]It was a relief and I came to a _________(suddenly) stop just in the middle of the road.

3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后

[例4]At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be _________(freely) from them.

4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词

[例5] As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so ___________(beauty).

5.副词在句中修饰动词

[例6]The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词

[例7]Dad and I were __________(terrible) worried.

7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。

[例8]__________(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.

8.特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别

[例9] There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _________(disappoint).

二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词性”的变化特点

词形变化是重点，注意特殊形式和变化特点；另外注意形容词副词同形词。

[例10] Instead, he hopes that his business will grow __________(steady).

[例11] Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __________(regular).

[例12] My uncles ____________(immediate) jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.

基础训练

一、词性转化

（1）describe----n.________ （2）determine----n.________ （3）energy----adj.________ （4）equal---n.________ （5）expect----n. ________ （6）exist----n.________

（7）explain----n. ________ （8）fog----adj.________

（9）fight----pt.----pp.________ （10）forbid----pt.----pp.________

二、单句语法填空

1.The Tibetan antelope (藏羚羊)in China is ________(danger) now.

2.Not all ________ (predict) come true.

3.It's cold and ________ (fog) in London at this time of the year.

4.We must use our ________ (limit) time to finish this task.

5.Children all enjoy themselves ________(outdoor).

6.The seven-year-old child's painting is really ________ (impress).

7.There is ________(dusk) light inside the cave.

8.Over the past 12 years, American and Chinese leaders have met ________(frequent) to discuss a whole host of issues.

9.The government has released an ________(announce) that old buildings should be tear down.