19-20高考英语总复习之任务型阅读导学案设计(无答案)

高三专题复习：高考任务型阅读解题策略【导语】1. 特色：语篇分析，语言综合运用(单拼，句转，语篇---表格)2. 能力：获取信息access information加工处理信息process information综合概括信息summarize information3. 忠告：不要放弃，学会珍惜。

【知识梳理】一、考查形式(见课件)1. 图表的样式(表格状；树状)2. 图表框架的设定规律(段落大意提纲；每段的细节提炼；篇章的主题)3. 图表框架与原文语篇的关系(1) 图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应且句式基本一致(2) 图表框架对原文语篇段落重新布局但句式基本一致(3) 图表和原文主题一致，但布局和句式都不一致4. 图表设空的原则(1) 兼顾三层次的能力考查获取信息access information 原文词copy加工处理信息process information 转化词change综合概括信息summarize information 提炼词create/conclude (2) 兼顾词性、词形、搭配、句式等的语法考查二、解题的步骤和策略1. 先表后文– 略读(1) 浏览表格和句子，分析表格框架并预测文章大意。

（2019江苏高考）(2) 积累总结一些常见的提纲归纳性词汇并注意其区别和搭配。

（见课件）2. 由表及文– 查读(1) 根据表格框架，对照文章语篇。

(2) 带着表格句子，定位信息出处。

(3) 分析表格设空，研究词性搭配。

(4) 反复对比表文，保证逻辑一致。

The Cost of Thinking(2019江苏高考)Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals（哺乳动物）weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull（倾骨）. It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿）require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.①Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such aslarge brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.--Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two (71)______________ of human beings.②In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% ofthe body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿）require only 8%of rest-time energy.-- The animal brain requires less (73)_________ when the body is at rest.③Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms thatare unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling.As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.--Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75)_________ against enemies.④In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.-- Freed hands can serve some (76)_________ purposes and perform complex tasks.⑤The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature thatwalked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quitea challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.--Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_________ the size of brains.⑥Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks..-- Walking upright results in (78)_________ sufferings.⑦We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power,more must be better.We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.--With a large brain, human beings (79)_________ other beings in terms of intelligence.⑧Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools,lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.-- Weak and marginal, human beings remained (80)_________ of meat-eating animals.2019年江苏高考任务型阅读分析原文词：71/73/76 3题转换词：79/80 2题提炼词：75/77/78 3题框架词：72/74(72题原文中有) 2题结论：2019年的任务型阅读的图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应且句式基本一致；表格所设空的能力考查重心基本在原词和转化词上，提炼词也是有迹可循，能根据表格逻辑判断出来。