自编名词性从句及句子成分和句子结构

句子的基本成分和结构（Cherry）

英语十大词类顺口溜：名代动形副，介连冠感数

1 名词单复数，可数不可数。

2 代词主宾格，反身无主格。

3 动词情系助，及物不及物。

4 含有形容词，关键比较级。

5 副词时地频，有些有比较。

6 介词短语多，时间地点等。

7 连词分两类，并列和从属。8 冠词有两种，定冠不定冠。

9 感叹词表感情，喜怒和哀乐。10 数词记两种，基数和序数

句子种类：按句子的用途

1)陈述句(肯定、否定)：He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before.

2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)：

Do they like skating? How old is he?

Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3)祈使句(肯定；否定): (Please) Be careful, boys. Don’t/Never talk in class!

4)感叹句: How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!

按句子的结构

1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列语).

He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句:由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把

两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3)复合句:由when, where, why, how, because等从属连词连接主从句并且从句在主句中充当一

个成分的句子称为主从复合句。

复合句：

1.名词性从句：1）主语从句2）宾语从句3）表语从句4）同位语从句

2.定语从句：1）限定性定语从句2）非限定性定语从句

3.状语从句(时间/地点/条件/原因/结果/让步/比较) (方式/目的/伴随)

句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。

一、英语的句子成分：

一）主语：

Walls have ears. ( )

He will take you to the hospital. （）Three plus four equals seven. （）

To see is to believe. （）

Smo king is not allowed in public places. （）

Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （）

二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Action speaks louder than words.

The chance may never come again.

Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.

三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的.

My father is a professor. ( )

Who's that? It's me. ( )

Everything here is expensive. ( )

The match became very exciting.( )

The story of my life may be of help to others.( )

Three times five is fifteen. ( )

His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )

My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )

（四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。

She covered her face with her hands.( )

We haven't seen her for a long time. ( )

Do you mind opening the window? ( )

Give me four please. ( )

He wants to dream a nice dream. ( )

We need to know what others are doing. ( )

We should care more about our friends. ( )

（五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。

They are woman workers. （）

Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）

Mary is a beautiful girl.. （）

The play has three acts. ( )

This is her first trip to Europe. ( )

China is a developing country. ( )

I have nothing to eat. ( )

Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( )

六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。

The best fish swim near the bottom. ( )

I left the village five years ago. ( )

I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( )

We'll send a car to fetch you. ( )

The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( )

The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( )

If he goes, so will I . ( )

Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( )

七）宾语补足语

英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。