高中英语五大句型讲解

Ｓ
Link-Ｖ（系 动词）
Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face
is smells felt looks is is became turned
an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warm. red.
The red sun rises in the east. Tom left yesterday. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.
基本句型二： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的 特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有: 1. 表 示 特 征 和 存 在 状 态 的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2. 表 示 状 态 延 续 的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3. 表 示 状 态 变 化 的 come, grow; become, get, turn, go, fall,
6.There is a pen on the desk.
7.Who teaches your maths, Xiao Hua?
8.This story happened in London.
9.The rich should help the poor get jobs. 10.This
高中英语 五大 基本句型
一、句子成分：
定义
：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
主要成分：主语和谓语 其 他 成 分 ： 宾 语 、 定 语 、 状 语 、 补 足 语
（宾补）、表语、同位语。
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 宾 同 状 语 语 定 语 位 语 语 语
Ｖ（实义动词） knows laugh at cooks made ate likes want said
Ｏ(宾语) the answer? her. meal everyday. cakes. some apples. English very much. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
句子成分练一练：
1.Class begins at eight. 2.The kind teachers 3.This
are having a meeting.
is the student who was absent
yesterday.
4.Put up your hand if you have any questions. 5.Smoking does harm to your health.
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. like a tree.
（代词） （动名词）
（不定式） （主语从句）
（四）定语

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句

He is a clever boy. are 67students in our class. you known betty’s sister?
There Do
He His
I
bought some sleeping pills.
saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语: He
由情态动词或助动词+动词;
can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
系动词不用于被动语态.

The apple tastes sweet.
That sounds good.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? The book is what I need.

常跟双宾语的动词有： （
需 借 助 to 的 ） bring, give, lend, hand, pass( 递 、 传 ） , offer, send, take, teach, tell, write, ask, show 等；
（ 需 借 助 for
的 ） bring, buy, cook, choose, find, get, make, sing等。
The
little girl is drawing a picture.
（三）宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.

He gave me some books.
间接宾语
直接宾语
Please
pass me the book. He bought me some flowers. I like my job. I love you. He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games.
is a sleeping baby in bed.
There
spoken language is good.
met a friend on my way home.
（五）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.
I
will be back in a while.
基本句型一： 基本句型二： 基本句型三： 基本句型四： 基本句型五：
基本句型一：Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）

本结构是由主语 + 不及物动词构成 , 常用来表示主语的动 作。 例：The sun rises. Tom has already left.



主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。I来自（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语 补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句 子的意义完整。 这类常用的及物动词有 make, consider, see, find,
call, get, have, let .
I
found the book interesting.
Do
He
you smell something burning?
made himself known to them.
（七）表语
系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征.
常见的系动词有:

be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel, smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get, grow,come, go等。
基本句型四:
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
说明：此结构由“主语 + 及物谓语动词 + 间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物）”组成。 例：My mother bought me a birthday gift. He gave me a story book. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则 要借助于介词to或for. My mother bought a birthday gift for me. He gave a story book to me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
weekend, some of us are going
to have a wonderful picnic with the
teacher.
写一写：
1.我父母都是教师。
My parents are both teachers.
2.他今天看起来不开心。 He looks unhappy today. 3.帮助穷人是必须的。 It is necessary to help the poor. 4.这个故事发生在北京。 The story happened in Beijing. 5.我们学生应该努力学习。 We students should study hard.
Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
㈡谓语：
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语: I
由动词或动词词组组成：
（八）同位语

位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况.