英语名词语法专题
【中考英语一轮复习语法一点通】语法专题五 名词(教师版)
语法专题五、名词(必考)名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词,如:Lucy, China, the Great Wall.考点1 可数名词的复数形式1.名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)与不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词有单数与复数两种形式,名词复数构成形式部分规则如下:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词加-es读/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i,再加-es读/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves读/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母;单复数形式相同;其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice2.某国人变复数(1)中国人a Chinese-Chinese; (2)日本人a Japanese- Japanese (2)英国人an Englishman-Englishmen;(3)法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen (4)美国人American- Americans (5)德国人German-Germans 考点精讲可用口诀记忆这一点,即:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
3.以-o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习
初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习【考点讲解】⼀、名词的分类⼆、可数名词与不可数名词(⼀) 可数名词名词分为可数和不可数名词。
物质名词与抽象名词⼀般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词⼀般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 单数变复数的规则【注】①常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下⼏个:hero, tomato, potato ,可记为“英雄爱吃西红柿和⼟⾖”。
剩余以o 为结尾的加s :如photo, zoo, piano等②以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下:⼩偷的妻⼦⽤⼑把狼劈成两半,⼀半放在书架上,⼀半放在树叶上2. 不规则复数形式(1) 元⾳或词尾发⽣变化:child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse-policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________Englishman-(2) 单复数形式相同: (3) 形式为复数,意思为复数:people ,police(4) 形式为复数,意思为单数:news, maths, physics(5) 只能⽤复数形式:trousers, shoes, glasses ……【注】○1man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时,要把man,woman和其他部分都变成复数,如man teacher –,woman doctor –_____________;○2但是其他合成名词,只需把其中⼼词变成复数形式。
如:shoe factory- , banana tree-3. “某国⼈”的复数形式“中⽇不变英法变,其余s加后边”(⼆)不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,⼀般没有复数形式1. 物质名词有water, rice, tea, milk, chicken(鸡⾁), fish(鱼⾁), food, fruit, beef, orange(橙汁), sugar, salt, paper(纸), porridge, bread, sand, juice,chalk等;抽象名词有news, music, time(时间), information等;2. 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表⽰“量”的概念,可以⽤以下两种⽅法:(1) ⽤much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表⽰多少,例如:a lot of money / some milk / any water / much snow(2) ⽤“a piece / glass / cup / bottle / bag of+不可数名词”或“数词pieces / glasses / cups / bottles / bags of+不可数名词”这类定语,例如:a piece of paper ( wood / bread) →a bottle of orange →a glass of wate r →a cup of tea →a bag of rice →3. 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连⽤;4. 注意有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,此时中⽂意思有区别。
透析高考英语语法专题—名词(精)
3.以o结尾的名词变复数无规律可言,但中学阶段以o结尾变复数加es的单词可概括为“两人两菜”:Negro黑人;hero英雄;tomato番茄;potato马铃薯。其他加s。
4.以f/fe结尾的名词变复数也无规律可言,但中学阶段以f/fe结尾变复数改f/fe为v加es的单词可概括为“贼(thief)的妻子(wife)头戴树叶(leave)用架子(shelf)上的半(half)把小刀(knife)结束了一只狼(wolf)的生命(life)”。其他加s。
翻译下列句子
1. I'd like a coffee.
2. Travelling on that lonely island was a terrible experience.
结论:
不可数名词前一般不能用不定冠词,但在物质名词个体化或抽象名词具体化的情况下,可以使用。
如a coffee意为“一杯咖啡”,此时coffee变成个体名词;“He is a failure as a writer.”中的a failure意为“失败者”,此时failure具体化,由抽象名词变为个体名词。
写出下列各组词的复数形式
(一)
class__________match__________box__________ brush__________
(二)
play__________ story___________
(三)
tomato__________ potato__________zoo __________hero __________
指出画线部分单词的含义
1. Healthy diet should includevegetables.
初中英语语法专题名词与动词
初中英语语法专题名词与动词初中英语语法专题名词名词一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,那么必须使用定冠词the。
如:the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,那么表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
如:pupil, family, man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: bo某, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如:water, news, oil, population, information .二、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的根本方法如下:①在单数名词词尾加s。
如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,某 ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, bo某→bo某es, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。
如:photo→photos,pi ano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
如:family→families,city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。
如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规那么变化:man→men, woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→chil dren, o某→o某en, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
高考英语语法名词专题讲解练习含答案
可数名词的数1.单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加–s ,但下列名词要加–es :黑人英雄....在回声..中吃土豆..、西红柿...,即:Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes 。
下列以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以加–es ,也可以加–s :zeros /zeroes(零),mosquitos/mosquitoes(蚊子),volcanos/volcanoes(火山)。
(2)以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时,一般去掉f 或fe 加–ves :为了自己活命....,小偷..和他的妻子..手里拿着刀子..和树叶..站在架子..上,把狼.劈成两半.,即:selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves 。
但下列以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时直接加–s :屋.顶.上的首领信仰保险箱.......,即:roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes 。
下列以–f 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以去掉f 加–ves ,也可以直接加–s :handkerchiefs /handkerchieves(手帕),scarfs/scarves(围巾)。
(3)合成名词变成复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数,如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变为复数。
如:sons–in–law(女婿), passers–by(过路人), story–tellers(讲故事的人), breakfasts(早餐), housewives(家庭主妇)。
2.常见单复数同形的名词。
如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, fruit, cattle, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂)等。
中考英语语法专题之名词(含练习及答案)
5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much.A. breadB. beefsC. eggsD. dumplings6.-How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? -Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success7.______ about the sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice8.The Belt and Road initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve ______ with lots of countries.A. relationshipB. agreementC. environmentD. progress3.名词的所有格: 在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加's 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。
翻译成:"的"。
如:Tom's bike (汤姆的单车)。
名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加's Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加' Teachers' Day, students' books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom's (在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达the door of the room, the color of the clothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/名词性物主代词与of 所有格相结合。
英语名词语法专题
a poem(一首诗 ) a machine(一台机器 ) a job(一件工作 ) a laugh(一个笑声 ) a permit(许可证 ) a garment (一件衣裳 ) a bag(case) (一件行李 ) a loaf (一只面包 ) a hair(一根头发 )
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poetry(诗歌总称 ) machinery(机器总称 ) work(工作 ) laughter(笑声 ) permission(允许 ) clothing(衣裳总称 ) luggage, baggage(行李 ) bread(面包 ) hair( 头发)
a youth (年青人 )
power ( 力量 )
a power ( 大国 )
beauty ( 美 )
a beauty ( 美人,美的东西 )
pleasure( 愉快 ) 2021/5/27
relation(关系)
a pleasure( 使人感到愉快的事 )
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a relation(亲戚)
英语中有许多对词,一个可数,一个不可数。
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3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。
Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil
一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些 特殊情况:
1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、
Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day
注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写
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关于名词的英语语法
关于名词的英语语法一名词的分类:名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。
专有名词前一般不加冠词。
名词的种类注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。
不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。
(三)名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式:1.单数英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。
This is a desk .这是一张书桌。
There is an orange on the table .桌上有一个橘子。
an orange 一个橘子an new orange (X) → a new orange (○)一个新橘子a deska old desk (X) → an old desk (○)一张旧课桌a和an的使用区别a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。
an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。
注意有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。
这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。
初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练及答案
初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练及答案一、初中英语名词选择题1.—When is ________ birthday?—Her birthday is on October 5th.A.your brother’s B.your C.your sister’s D.yours【答案】C2.—Where’s my key, Dad?—I think it’s in your ________ room.A.grandparents B.grandparent C.grandparents’【答案】C3.Mrs. Bond is an old friend of ________.A.Jack mother B.Jack mother’s C.Jack’s mother D.Jack’s mother’s 【答案】D4.There are still ________ in the kitchen. We don’t have to buy more drinks. A.orange juice B.tomatoes C.cola D.bottles of cola 【答案】D5.It is over ________from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A.three hours’ drive B.three hour’s drive C.three hours’ drives D.three hour drive【答案】A6.I've read ________ sports news about the Fl race today.A.two B.pieces C.two pieces D.two pieces of 【答案】D7.At weekends, ________ teachers like going to ________.A.woman; shoe shops B.women; vegetables shops C.woman; sport shops D.women; clothes shops【答案】D8.Mr. Green is ________ father.A.Jim and Kate B.Jim and Kate’s C.Jim’s and Kate D.Jim’s and Kate’s 【答案】B9.Bill had to finish school by himself, with no ________ from his family. A.safety B.leader C.support D.praise【答案】C10.I’m ________ Sunshine Football Team.A.the member B.the member of C.a member of D.a member【答案】C11.Most of the students in the class are ________.A.fourteen-year-old B.fourteen year old C.fourteen years old’s D.fourteen-year-olds【答案】D12.There are four________ and two________ at the________.A.Johns; Marys; doctors B.Johns; Marys; doctor’s C.John’s; Mary’s; doctor’s D.John; Mary; d octor’s【答案】B13.The woman in a hat is ________ aunt.A.Jack and John B.Jack’s and John C.Jack and John’s D.Jack’s and John’s 【答案】C14.No one should enter the spot without the ________ of the police.A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 【答案】B15.This is ________ apple. Those are ________.A.a; banana B.an; banana C.an; bananas【答案】C16.—How much are the ________?—They are 80 ________.A.shoes; dollar B.pair of shoes; yuan C.shoes; yuanD.pair of shoes; dollars【答案】C17.I like some ________ and ________ for breakfast.A.bread; apple B.egg; apples C.eggs; apple D.bread; apples 【答案】D18.Look! There are many ________ on the hill.A.monkeys B.horse C.cow【答案】A19.There are four ________ and two ________ in the group. A.Japanese; Germen B.Japaneses; Germen C.Japanese; Germans D.Japaneses; Germans【答案】C20.—Who are the women?—They are _________ mothers.A.Jim and Tom B.Jim’s and Tom’sC.Jim’s and Tom D.Jim and Tom’s【答案】B21.Our PE teacher ________ tall and he ________ of medium build. A.has; has B.has; is C.is; has D.is; is【答案】D22.—How many ________ do we need?—Three.A.sugar B.bananas C.honey D.cheese【答案】B23.We all know that Women’s Day is in ________.A.February B.March C.June D.July【答案】B24.—I think your radio is in your ________ room.—Yes, it’s in their room. I put it there yesterday.A.parent’s B.parents’C.parent【答案】B25.My cousin is in ________.A.class 1, grade 7 B.grade 7, class 1 C.Class 1, Grade 7 D.Grade 7, Class 1 【答案】C26.As________ honest girl, Lucy has told us the________ .A.a; truth B.an; true C.an; truth【答案】C27.________ mother is a teacher in a junior high school.A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy and Lily’s C.Lucy’s and Lily’s D.Lucy’s and Lily 【答案】B28.I’m very thirsty(口渴的). Can I have ________?A.two cup of oranges B.two cups of orangesC.two cup of orange D.two cups of orange【答案】D29.I want to improve my reading skill. Can you give me some _______? A.advices B.advice C.advise D.advises【答案】B30.Tan’s new work was a great ________, and he is a ________ composer. A.success ; successful B.successful ; successful C.success ; success D.successful ; success【答案】A31.—Frank is a creative boy. He had great ________ in yesterday’s speechcompetition.—He is also smart and hard-working.A.success B.succeed C.successful D.successes 【答案】A32.—Who’s the woman in a black hat?—She’s ________ mother.A.Tom and Jim B.Tom’s and JimC.Tom’s and Jim’s D.Tom and Jim’s【答案】D33.She ________ her cat last week. She was sad for the ________ of the cat. A.lose; loss B.lost; losingC.lost; loss D.lost; lost【答案】C34.Don’t be afraid to ask for some ________ about ordering the meal. A.suggestion B.method C.opinion D.advice【答案】D35.There is (有) much ________ in the plate (盘子).A.banana B.apple C.pears D.chicken【答案】D36.Confucius was a great ________. His ________ are spread all over the world. A.think; thoughts B.thought; thinkers C.thinker; think D.thinker; thoughts【答案】D37.There is no more ________ in that ________ for so many people. A.room; rooms B.rooms; room C.room; room D.rooms; rooms 【答案】C38.Tomorrow is ________. Let’s buy some gifts(礼物) for our teachers. A.Teacher’s Day B.teacher’s day C.Teachers’ Day【答案】C39.Here is a photo ________ my family.A.for B.in C.of D.at【答案】C40.The month before April is ________.A.May B.March C.June D.July【答案】B41.The baby elephant’s ________ is about 100 kilos, but an adult elephant may ________ about 5,000 kilos.A.weight; weigh B.weight; weight C.weigh; weigh D.weigh; weight 【答案】A42.The police _______ looking for the little boy.A.be B.am C.is D.are【答案】D43.—Did you have a great time on the farm yesterday?—Yes, we saw many beautiful flowers and lots of ________ and ________. A.pigs; chicken B.sheep; chickens C.fishes; chicken D.duck; chickens 【答案】B44.—What’s th e matter?—I have a ________. I have to go to the doctor.A.trouble B.knee C.cold D.kilo【答案】C45.—What language are spoken in ________?—Most people speak ________, but many ________ can speak English. A.Germany; German; Germans B.German; Germany; Germen C.German; Germans; Germany【答案】A46.I’m Ken Smith. This is my son, ________.A.Mark Smith B.Ken Wilson C.Mary Smith【答案】A47.________ is used to make ________.A.Glasses; glass B.Glass; glass C.Glasses; glasses D.Glass; glasses 【答案】D48.There is a picture ________ my family on the wall.A.of B.up C.after D.to【答案】A49.________ mothers can’t come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian. A.Sally’s and Jane B.Sally and Jane’s C.Sally’s and Jane’s D.Sally and Jane 【答案】C50.This is room. It’s very tidy.A.Lily and Lucy B.Lily’s and LucyC.Lily’s and Lucy’s D.Lily and Lucy’s【答案】D。
高考英语 语法专题十三 名词
落堕市安心阳光实验学校专题十三名词◆名词的考查要点1.可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。
(1)单、复数同形。
如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works(工厂),cattle。
(2)合成名词的复数。
如:boyfriend→boyfriends,gobetween→gobetweens(中间人),grownup→grownups。
(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。
如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings 环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,have words with sb.同某人吵架,in high spirits以很高热情地,give one’s regards to sb.向某人问候,in rags衣衫破烂,It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
(4)集体名词的数。
有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle,police; 有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。
如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。
The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
2.不可数名词的数(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。
②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
中考英语语法专题复习:名词(共19张PPT)
15 —Who did you spend last weekend with? —________. A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s
中考英语语法: 名词备考知识点
考点分析
1、名词辨析:
名词辨析的考查角度以语境类辨析和近义词 辨析为主,少量涉及词性辨析、常识辨析及固 定搭配。
2、名词单复数:
名词单复数考查数量较少,包括规则变形和不 规则变形两种。
3、名词所有格:
名词所有格考查数量较少,包括两者共有的所 有格,时间名词所有格,数量词所有格的用法。
C. A large number of D. Quite a few
7. –– Let’s try operating the machine right now.
––Wait. Better read the _____first.
A. instructions B. explanations
有一些事不规则变化,需改变单数名词中的元音 字母如:man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth
还有单复数形式相同的情况,读音不变,如: fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer ChineseChinese Japanese-Japanese
2.近义词辨析
对近义名词有考查,如message口 信,information信息。
message为可数名词,指口信,常用词组: leave或take a message; information指消息、 信息、资料。
常见近义词组(学生可以根据以下词条进行归 纳记忆)。 1. advice与suggestion 2. problem与question 3. house, home, family与room 4. idea, thought与opinion 5. job与work 6. voice, noise与sound 7. message, news与information
英语语法名词归纳总结
英语语法名词归纳总结一、单项选择名词1.In the book, the author describes how Iran has long sought an with America. A.acceleration B.accomplishmentC.accumulation D.accommodation【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。
句意:这本书里,作者描述了伊朗如何长期与美国寻求和解。
A. acceleration加速,促进;B. accomplishment成就,完成;C. accumulation积聚,累积;D. accommodation和解,膳宿。
根据句意,故选D。
2.场景、场面 ( 着重人物的活动)3.An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good_________.A.scene B.sceneryC.sight D.view【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。
句意:住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。
A. scene 情景B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。
view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。
根据句意,故D选项正确。
【点睛】Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景,指展现在眼前的情景,也可以指scenery的一部分4.His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.A.expectation B.instructionC.response D.account【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。
句意:他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。
高考英语语法专题名词
高考英(Ying)语语法专题名词答(Da)案:introduction由空格前的定冠词the可知其后(Hou)应接名词作介词with的宾语.2.(2017·全国(Guo)卷Ⅲ,66)She is determined to carry on with her________ (educate).答(Da)案:education形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语.由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education.3.(2017·浙江高考,56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.答案:carrots由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……;少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots.4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案:studies根据句子谓语动词show可知,主语应该是名词的复数形式.5.(2016·全国(Guo)卷Ⅰ,61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).答(Da)案:attraction根据空格前的形容词top可知应用(Yong)名词,形容词常用作定语来修饰名词.6.(2016·全国(Guo)卷Ⅱ,42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).答(Da)案:achievement介词of后要用名词作宾语.a sense ofachievement “成就感”.7.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.答案:days few修饰可数名词复数,故答案为days.every few days “每隔几天”.8.(2016·江苏高考,阅读C)The weather ________(effect), both good and bad, are felt in many places.答案:effects句子的谓语为are felt,由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects.9.(2016·北京高考,阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案:growth形容词important用来修饰名词;根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列. 10.(2015·浙江高考,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案:stress动词reduce后需用名词作宾语,stress “压力,紧张”,是不可数名词.句意:减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受.一、可数(Shu)名词的数可数名词都有单(Dan)数和复数之分.(一)名词复数的(De)规则变化(二)名词(Ci)复数的不规则变化二、不可数(Shu)名词不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词,一般没有单(Dan)复数之分.1.常考的(De)不可数名词2.抽象名词(Ci)具体化抽象名词在表(Biao)示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常见的和常考的有:3.物质名词的复(Fu)数现象(1)有些物质名词(Ci)用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物.paper(纸)—papers(证件(Jian),论文)custom(风(Feng)俗习惯)—customs(海关)arm(胳膊(Bo))—arms(武器,装备)air(空气)—airs(摆架子,装腔作势)(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式,表示由大量该物质组成的事物. sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩,沙漠)water(水)—waters(水域,水体)time(时间)—times(时代)wood(木头(Tou),木材)—woods(树林)(3)有些物质名词用复数形(Xing)式表示不同的种类,如food, wine,metal, fish, vegetable等(Deng).The wines of France are among the best in the world.三、名(Ming)词的所有格1.有生命的名词,其所(Suo)有格一般在名词后加-'s.his father's boss 他爸爸的老板2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格.today's paper 今天的报纸England's shore 英国的海岸the car's design 这辆车的设计We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.3.在某些习惯用语中,也需要加-'s所有格.for friendship's sake 为了友情at a stone's throw 一箭之远at one's finger's tip 手头上有at arm's length 保持距离;在伸手可及处at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷4.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系.the window of the room 这个房间的窗户5.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s.Jane and Mary's mother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关(Guan)系)Jane's and Mary's mothers简的妈妈和(He)玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)6.双重(Zhong)所有格:“a/two/some ...+名词+of+名词's/名词性(Xing)物主代词”构成双重所(Suo)有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物.a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Although these _______ (measure) are not effective forever, they are vitalfor now.答案:measures根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断,主语应用复数形式measures.2.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste a widevariety of ________ (apple).答案:apples a (wide) variety of “各种各样的”,修饰复数名词.句意:在苹果节人们可以看到,并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果.3.The __________ (life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks tothe effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.答案:lives句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式,由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语.4.It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________答(Da)案:介(Jie)词of之后要用名词, a form of“一种沟通方(Fang)式”.5. I had no ________ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.答(Da)案:choice形容词no后面应(Ying)跟名词.have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”,固定搭配.6.Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案:adjustments句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校将做出调整.make adjustments是固定表达,意为“做出调整”.7.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ (think) and then let me know.答案:thought句意:现在没必要告诉我你的答案.认真考虑,然后告诉我.some后应跟名词,thought “思索,考虑”.8.Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungrystomach.答案:child's此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”,空后是名词stomach,提示词是child,空前是不定冠词a,故用child的所有格形式. 9.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his________ (balanced) and had a bad fall.答(Da)案:balance句意:小(Xiao)男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤.根据空(Kong)格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语.lose one's balance “失去(Qu)平衡”.10.—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money fora new one?—That's a good ________ (suggest).答(Da)案:suggestion句意:——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车,为什么不先买一辆二手车呢?——这是个好建议.由常识可知形容词修饰名词,故good 后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion.Ⅱ.单句改错1.“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background._____________________________________________________答案:grow→growth考查词性转换.由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth.2. As a witness, he gave the police a vivid descriptions of the accident._____________________________________________________答案:descriptions→description考查名词.description “描述,描写”,give sb. a description为固定短语,意为“向某人作描述”.3.You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed._____________________________________________________答案:possessions→possession考查固定短语.take possession of “拥有,占有”,固定搭配.4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill.____________________________________________________答(Da)案:skill→skills考查名(Ming)词的数.由many修饰可数名词复数可知(Zhi)应用skills.5.Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.____________________________________________________答(Da)案:第一(Yi)个me→mine 考查双重所有格.此处表示“我的几个朋友”,应用“n.+of+名词性物主代词”结构.Ⅲ.语法填空1__ (I) published. Although I've tried hard, none of my __2__ (book) have been published. This is really ____ (upset).3This morning, Ireceived a call from a publisher and __4__(tell) once again that there was no way my book would be published. ____ (feel) sad, I left home and5went to the park near my apartment. At the park, I sat down on the bench near the grass.While I was sitting there, I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. Hewas running on the grass, ____ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy6when he enjoyed the__7__ (free) of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass,ued to run as fast __but he quickly got up and contin8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing____ (happen).910Seeing that, I was ____(true) inspired. I suddenly realized that Ishouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead, I should cheer up and keep on trying.1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9.________ 10.________篇章导(Dao)读:本(Ben)文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地(Di)上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景,从而受到启发:人生遇到挫折不能气馁,而是要振作起来,继续努力奋斗.1.mine考(Kao)查双重所有格.由(You)设空前的“a book of”可知,应填名词性物主代词,且此处表示“我的一本书”,故填mine.2.books考查名词的数.根据主谓一致原则,none of后可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词复数形式,book为可数名词,故应填books.3.upsetting考查词性转换.副词really修饰形容词,this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事,由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语.4.was told考查动词的语态和时态.句意:我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版.句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系,因此需用被动语态,且由“this morning”可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态.5.Feeling考查非谓语动词.feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I,是主动关系,因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示原因.Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad.6.with考查介词.with的复合结构作伴随状语.7.freedom考查词性转换.根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词,即在草地上奔跑的自由.8.as考(Kao)查连词.as fast as he could “尽可能(Neng)快地”,as ... as为固(Gu)定结构.9.had happened考查(Cha)动词的时态.句意:摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来,依然面带笑容(Rong)地奔跑着,好像什么事也没有发生似的.根据语境可知,as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设,因此需用虚拟语气.10.truly考查词性转换.句意:看到此情此景,我真的受到启发.副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired.Ⅳ.短文改错Dear Peter,I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so in this way you can learn fromteachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible.Besides, it is good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and rememberChinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which you will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning Chinese, too. We hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours ,Li Hua答案:Dear Peter ,I'm glad to give you some advices ①advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here is ②are a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so ③becausein this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped ④helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it \⑤it∧is possible. Besides, it is ∧⑥agood idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easier ⑦easily. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which ⑧whomyou will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning ⑨learn Chinese, too. We ⑩Ihope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua1.advices→advice 考查不可(Ke)数名词.advice是不可(Ke)数名词,没有复数形式.2.is→are 考查主谓(Wei)一致.主(Zhu)语suggestions是复数形式,谓语动词也应该用复数.3.so→because 考查(Cha)连词.后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因,而非结果.4.helped→helps 考查动词的时态.本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处,应用一般现在时.5.去掉whenever后的it或(Huo)在it后加is 考查省(Sheng)略.whenever it is possible的(De)省略形式为whenever possible.6.good idea前(Qian)加a 考查名(Ming)词的数.idea是可数名词.7.easier→easily 考查副词.修饰谓语动词learn and remember应用副词.8.which→whom 考查关系代词.定语从句的先行词Chinese friends是指人的名词短语,且关系词在从句中作宾语,故关系代词应用whom.9.learning→learn 考查非谓语动词.help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”.10.We→I 考查人称代词.根据短文开头I'm glad to give you some ... 可知,应将We改为I.。
英语语法之名词
一、名词的分类1、专有名词:指某人;某地;某机构等专有的名称;其首字母要大写..如HongKong; China;Bill Clinton;Red Cross2、普通名词:可数名词:个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体;如 student;book 集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体;如:family;school; group; people不可数名词:物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物;如:cotton;air;tea抽象名词:表示抽象概念;如 :work;happiness;news二、名词的复数可数名词有单、复数形式;其复数的构成规则如下:1、绝大多数在词尾加s..如:book;books;bag;bags;cup;cups;face;faces.2、以ch;sh;s;x;o结尾的名词加es..如:watch;watches;brush;brushes;hero;heroes;class;classes;下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数:piano ; photo ;radio ;zoo; bamboo ;kilo3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词;将y改为i;再加es..例如:baby;babies;family;families;以元音字母+y结尾的名词;直接加s..例如:boy;boys;key;keys4、以f或fe结尾的名词;先将f或fe改为v;再加es构成复数形式;如:leaf;leaves; wife;wives.但有些以f结尾的名词;是在f后加s构成复数;常见的有:roof;chief;belief;gulf等..个别的两种方式都可以;如handkerchief’s;handkerchieves5、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的;要一一背记:man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice少数名词的单、复数形式相同;如:Chinese;Japanese;sheep;deer; fish; means 注:fishes表不同种类的鱼6、复合名词:A.含man或woman的复合名词;两部分都变为复数形式..如:two men teachers; four women doctorsB.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式;如:lookers-on旁观者;editors-in-chief总编辑; passers-by过路人C.如果没有主体名词;就在词尾后加s..如:grown-ups 成年人;go-betweens 中间人7、以复数形式出现的名词:trousers;glasses眼镜;scales天平;savings储蓄;findings 调查结果; doings行为;surroundings环境;arms武器;fireworks 烟火;remains残余;thanks感谢;riches财富;ashes灰烬 ;stairs 楼梯8、有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式..例如:take pains下功夫;made preparations作准备;give regards to 问候三、名词的所有格1、名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词..其构成多在词尾加上“’s”;如:Tom’s bike;Marx’s works以s结尾的专有名词;在词尾后加“’”或“’s”..如:Engels’/Engels’s works以s结尾的复数名词;只在词尾加“’”..如:students’ homework;a workers’ night school 一所工人夜校;不以s结尾的复数名词;仍在词尾加“’s”..如:men’s clothes男士衣服 children’s books 儿童读物2、如果一个事物为两个人共有;只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”;如果不是共有;就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”..例如:Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间3、表示店铺或某人的家时;常在名词所有格后省去shop;house等名词..如:the tailor’s 裁缝店;the barber’s理发店;go to the doctor’s上诊所;at my uncle’s在我叔叔家4、表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词;可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示所有格..如:today’s newspaper;half an hour’s rest;twoweeks’ work;ten minutes′walk;China’s population;Shanghai’s industry5、表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系..如:the students of their school; the teachers of Grade 26、表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词;常用“of+所有格”来表示所属关系..例如:He is an old friend of my father’s. This is a picture of Mary’s.△考点分析1.He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writersA.wealth; workB.wealths; worksC.weaths;workD.wealth ;works析:此题答案D..因为wealth 是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work既可作不可数名词表“工作”意;又可作可数名词表“作品”意;常用复数形式..根据题目意思;此处work应作可数名词用;于是又可排除A..2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a mustin ______ international trade today.A.a; ×B.the ; anC.the ;theD.×;the析:knowledge 是抽象名词;一般不与不定冠词连用;但指具体“一门学问”或“一门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用;这可称之为抽象名词具体化..类例如:a strong character 坚强的性格;a bright future光明前途;a waste of time 浪费时间;a pressure on sb.对某人的压力;have a good time玩得痛快;He is a failure /a success as a leader 他当领导不行/很出色..抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义..如:what fun fine weather ;common knowledge 常识;Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠词..由以上两点可确定答案为A..3.Oh; John _____you gave usA.How a great surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD.What pleasant surprise析:正确答案为C..“a/an+形容词+抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式..又如:an advanced culture 一种先进文化;a great interest 极大的兴趣;do him a good kindness帮了他一个大忙..4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .A.glass wineB.wine glassC.wine’s glassD.glass of wine析:根据broke一词及四个选项;可确定空白处应选“酒杯”故可排除A、D;C不是表达“酒杯”的正确形式;只有B才是正确答案..英语中用名词作定语修饰名词的情况很多;这些作定语用的名词可表①分类意义②表时间、地点、称呼③表目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义..①例:woman driver ;telephone number ;school education ;research work ;coffee cup ;English teacher ;air pollution②例:book store ;winter sleep ;country life ;college student ;South China③例:milk bottle ;steam boat ;goat skin ;stone wall ;gas station ;lunch room ;tooth brush5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these daysA.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a析:这是一个感叹句;how修饰形容词;副词或动词;what修饰名词..weather是不可数名词;其前不可加不定冠词a..因此这题正确答案是A..6.Shortly after the accident ;two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .A.dozens ofB.dozen sC.dozens’ ofD.dozen析:正确答案是 D..dozen; score ;hundred; thousand ;million 等名词前面有数词或many ;several等词;且表示具体数目时;这些名词一般不用复数形式;但在下列短语中却加S;并与of连用:dozens of 许多的;scores of 好几十的;hundreds of 成百的;thousands of 上千的;millions of 数百万的7.I’ll look into the matter a s soon as possible .Just have a little ______.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest析:由题干第一句意“我会尽快调查那件事”;可知下句是要对方不要着急;故答案应为C..这是由情景;语境确定答案题目..8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ;ask them to leavea _________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice析:答案为A..道理同第7题..。
英语语法 名词(理论+对应试题)
专题1名词概念:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫作名词。
【注1】以f或fe结尾变f或fe为v+es的常见词,可借助以下口诀记忆:“树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去杀狼,小偷逃命藏架旁”考点3.不规则的名词复数形式1.元音或词尾发生变化:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geesetooth-teeth,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,Englishman-Englishmen2.单复数同形:deer,sheep,Chinese,fish鱼(指条数),means(手段),Japanese,yuan等。
3.形式为单数,意思为复数:(作主语时,谓语动词用复数)people,police4.形式为复数,意思为单数:maths,physics,politics,news5.有些集体名词通常只以复数形式出现:(作主语时,谓语动词用复数)trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors(剪刀),sunglasses, compasses(圆规),pants(短裤),clothes(衣服),headphones(耳机),jeans(牛仔裤)【注1】这些通常只以复数形式出现的名词在句子中可以单独作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;也可用a pair of/some pairs of 修饰作主语,这时谓语动词的形式取决于pair的单复数形式。
如:The pants are my brother's. 这短裤是我弟弟的。
The pair of pants is my brother's. 这短裤是我弟弟的。
These pairs of pants are my brother's.这些短裤是我弟弟的。
【注2】在英语中只能修饰可数名词的词或短语主要有:few 少几个、几乎没有a few有几个several 有几个many很多a great/good many 很多a number of 许多a large/great number of大量的(large/great)numbers of 大量的【注3】:单数可数名词前一定要用冠词。
中考英语语法专题复习名词与代词讲义
名词1、 名词的分类专有名词单数名词表泛指,在前面加a /an.可数名词:有单数和复数之分普通名词 复数形式通常加 -s/-es 不可数名词:没有复数形式 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词 用some/any/a little/a lot of 修饰2) 不规则变化①有些名词以-s结尾,但表达单数意义。
科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称:bowls专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls②名词做定语,不用复数形式.e.g. a shoe shop, an apple tree*例外:man, woman作定语时,如果后面的名词是复数,则man, woman也要变。
e.g. a woman teacher → three women teachersa man doctor → many men doctors③people, police做“人们”讲时,看作复数,不能在后面加”-s”,谓语动词用复数形式。
family, class是集体名词,既指单数,又指复数,谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数,具体根据语境而定。
④其前不用冠词a/an或数词,但可用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some,—Look at the clouds, so beautiful!—Wow, so many different _______, horses, sheep, flowers…A. sizesB. shapesC. colorsD. stylesThere are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, n o food or drink is allowed inside.A. jobsB. recordsC. rul esD. paintings—Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a pr esent, but I don’t know how to use it.—Why not read the _______ first before using it?A. expressionsB. applicationsC. adve rtisementsD. instructionsThese _________ have saved many children’s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor---What would you like to drink, _______or orange? ---Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea3、不可数名词的数1) 可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语:a lot of , lots of, some, a little, little2) 数词+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词e.g. a glass of water → two glasses of watera cup of tea → three cups of tea3) 常用的不可数名词food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, orange, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, maths, Chinese, English, music, information, fun, work 等.4) 有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时,意思有变化.5) 有些名词,既可以作可数名词,又能做不可数名词,但含义不同Exercises:—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ those days. Is it true?—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.A. chickenB. chickensC. a chickenD. the chickenThe students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ___ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbitI’m so hungry. Please give me ___ to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces ofbreads D. three piece of breadI want a sweet milk. Put some ______ in my cup, please.A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar—What a good ______ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.—My pleasure.A. informationB. newsC. suggestion D. advice4、名词的所有格分类构成方法例子表示有生命的名词所有格在单数后面加-’s The teacher’s officeLily’s photo 以加-s的复数名词后加“’”The teachers’ officeBoys’ games 不以-s 结尾的复数名词后加“-’s”The children’s palace.用and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有时,在后一个词尾加-’s;如果不是,则需要分别加在两个名词后面。
小学英语语法名词专题精品PPT课件 图文
A. sheeps; foxes
B. sheeps; foxes
C. sheep; foxes
D. sheep;foxs
Homework
1. 完成语法书8~10页的综合训练。 2. 预习第二课和第三课。 3. Chapter1的笔记读30分钟并默写。(作业
要家长签字。)
那夜子都想,自打他俩分手以来,他 看着若 总觉得 隔着、 不透亮 ,像在 雾里, 掩着纱 帘…… 是由于 他不适 应新角 色、心 理有问 题,还 是她的 确有事 儿瞒了 他…… 他画着 问号, 一时又 理不出 头绪… … 第二天上午,也就是周五上午,子都 给亦冰 打电话 问若的 情况, 亦冰说 昨晚他 走后若 就没再 醒过来 ,早晨 他离家 的时候 她还在 床上躺 着;说她 应该是 不去上 班了, 是他给 雨馨准 备的早 饭、送 的学校 ……子 都想一 定是若 的酒劲 还没缓 过来。 他不想 打扰她 休息, 想下午 与她联 系。 下午子都给若打电话,那时她正在去 单位的 路上, 子都说 都三点 了,问 她这么 晚还去 单位干 吗,她 说单位 有事儿; 他又约 她吃晚 饭、或 是找个 地方坐 会儿; 她说晚 上约了 人…… 子都心 里很是 不爽, 嘴上又 不便说 什么, 就说她 身体不 好,办 完事儿 早点回 家,到 家后告 诉他一 声;她应 承着 …… 那晚子都在家心不在焉地看着电视, 总觉着 要发生 点什么 事儿… …“她这 叫归家 吗?今 天这事 儿、明 天那事 儿,以 前也没 说这么 忙过;还 说身体 不好, 好人又 怎样? 谁经得 起天天 这般折 腾…… 唉!碍着 我啥事 儿了, 跟着瞎 起哄, 爱咋咋 吧…… ”他说 是不挂 念,心 里别扭 着。九 点过半 ,仍无 若的消 息,他 心神不 宁……“ 又喝了 ?不要 命了?昨 晚的事 情过眼 就忘… …可怜 的亦冰 ,这些 年真够 难为他 的…… ”他待 要给若 发信息 ,问她 是不是 还在外 面,她 给他发 来信息 ,说她 到家了 ,要他 放心… …他悬 着的心 算是告 一段落 地放下 来,也 该洗洗 睡了… … 子都刚躺下,有电话打进来,是杨巍 的,他 吃了一 惊,第 一反应 就是若 ……这 还是杨 巍初次 用手机 给他打 电话, 他的手 机号码 也是上 次找他 办事儿 时存下 的。“ 若是不 是还在 外面没 回家?出 什么事 儿了… …”他 刚待接 听,那 边挂了 ,等了 几分钟 ,对方 没再打 过来… …“诶? 怎么回 事儿?这 么晚了 ,误碰 ……不 对…… 不管怎 样,打 过去问 问。” 于是他 就把电 话打过 去,电 话通着 ,没人 接听, 他心犯 狐疑, 一连又 打了七 、八个 过去… …“莫 非他与 若在一 起…… 绝不是 误碰… …”他随 即给若 打电话 ,没人 接,再 打……“ 她俩一 定在一 起…… 发生了 什么? 不行, 得去找 她……” 他毫无 迟疑, 起身穿 上衣服 ……“ 今晚一 定要见 着她… …”一种 不安袭 击着他 。他想 给亦冰 打电话 ,问若 在不在 家,又 一想先 别大惊 小怪的 ,过去 看看若 的车是 否在家 再做道 理。他 匆匆离 家,走 的时候 连屋里 的灯也 没顾得 关…… 路上车少,子都心似弹飞,往日的路 程此刻 只用了 一半的 时间。 他留心 过往车 辆,生 怕路上 与她错 过。在 距若的 家不足 一分钟 里程时 ,他发 现前面 路边上 停着一 辆白色 的小车 ,尾灯 闪亮着 ……“车 上一定 有人… …”他 心里一 惊,因 为杨巍 家就在 这儿附 近。“ 莫非若 的车… …”车速 太快, 他急点 刹车, 错车的 一刹凝 眸望去 ,正是 若的车 ,前排 影影绰 绰的两 个人影 ,他脑 袋嗡地 一声, 竟至于 狠踩了 一脚油 门,那 车轰的 一声穿 窜出去 多远… …待他 回过神 来,赶 忙把车 停靠在 路边, 深呼吸 ……
英语语法复习名词
把f/fe改成ves Halves; leaves;
• (二) 不规则变化
• 男人女人 a 变 e,鹅足牙 oo 变 ee; • man-men; woman-women; goosegeese; foot-feet; tooth-teeth • 老鼠虱子也好记,ous 变 ic; • mouse-mice; louse-lice • 孩子加上 ren,ren, ren鱼鹿绵羊不用变 • child-children; fish; deer; sheep • this---these(这些) • that -- those(那些)
• • • • •
辅音 + y 在词尾,把 y 变 i 加 -es; study-studies; baby-babies; city-cities 元音+y在词尾, 只加s就足够 boy – boys ; day – days; monkey – monkeys 词尾是 o,黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。 常用三个已足够, hero, tomato, potato。 • negroes; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes • 其余o结尾的词加s, photos; pianos
可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词的复数形式
情况 一般情况 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的 以辅音+y结尾的 加法 加-s 加-es 去y加-ies 例词 brothers;schools
buses;watches;boxes
ladies;cities;
以辅音+o 结尾的
以f或fe结尾的
多数加-es
Heroes; tomatoes
物质名词(air,water)
普通名词 (Common Nouns)
初中英语语法名词篇(附习题和答案)
初中英语语法名词篇(附习题和答案)中考英语语法(名词篇)语法总述:词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, ball, class, orange, clock,合成名词:8-year-olds, groun-ups, passers-by, e-mail,2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white, orange, ugly, sweet, far,合成形容词:8-year-old, hard-working,4、数词(num.):透露表现数量或事物的按次。
基数词:one, two, three, hundred,序数词:first, second, third,量词:a piece of, two bottles of, three basket of, four bowls of, five cups of, six pairs of,5、动词(v.):透露表现举措或状况。
系词:am, is,are,半系词:look, sound, feel, get, become, keep, stay, taste, smell, turn,实意动词:have, see , think, beat, walk,助动词:辅佐动词构成否认、疑问等语气,辅佐工具构成时态语态等。
如:be, do, does, did, will, can,should, may,6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如:now, here, often, quietly, slowly, home,upstairs, hard, very, really,7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,匡助申明名词。
英语语法名词
如:zoo → zoos
radio → radios
piano → pianos
photo → photos
6. 以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v。再加-es.(常见九个)
wife → wives knife → knives wolf → wolves thief → thives shelf → shelves self → selves life → lives(生命) half → halves leaf → leaves
※复合名词的所有格 “ ’s ” 加在后面的名词之后。
如:This is my son-in-law’s bike. 这是我女婿的自行车。
8. 表示 “ 某人家 ” 、 “ 店铺 ” 等生活、工作处所的所有格 后的名词常省略。
用复数形式。
如:cattle 牛; people 人民; police 警察。
注:集合名词既可看作单数(作为整体),也可看作复数(作为集体的各个成
员)。
如:audience 观众; class 班级; family 家庭; group 小组。
例句:Her family is well-known in the region. 她家在该地区是名门望族。
His family are quarrelling severely about the property.
她的家人
正在为分家产激烈的争吵。
四.不可数名词
物质名词、抽象名词均属不可数名词。前面不能加不定冠词 a/an,词尾也不能加 - s。 注:请牢记下列典型的不可数名词。
news 消息; information 信息; advice 忠告,建议 ;
五.名词的所有格
名词的所有格通常在词后加- ’s构成,用 于表示所属关系。用于以下情况:
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直接在词尾加-s.
*4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词:
proofs;gulfs; cliffs; roofs;serfs; beliefs; chiefs handkerchief(手帕,手绢)的复数形式两者都可以。
单复数相同的情况:
sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese;Japanese 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。 Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu
点,如某人的家或店铺、教堂等:
We can meet at Mary’s.
He went to his sister’s for dinner yesterday.
I had the dress made at the tailor’s at the corner of the street.
有些外来词的不规则复数形式:
Eg: analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crises criterion-criteria; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media
巧记不规则名词单变复
男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。
man-men; woman-women;
foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goosegeese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.
有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。
glass ( 玻璃 )
a glass ( 玻璃杯 )
copper ( 铜 )
a copper ( 铜币/板 )
4.Abstract Nouns:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象 概念
Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc. 多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。 Eg: He’s learning French for fun.
poetry(诗歌总称 ) machinery(机器总称 ) work(工作 ) laughter(笑声 ) permission(允许 ) clothing(衣裳总称 ) luggage, baggage(行李 ) bread(面包 ) hair( 头发)
几个名词的特殊用法
hair _H_i_s_h__a_ir_i_s_w__h_it_e_. (他的头发是白的。) _H_e__h_a_s__a_f_e_w__g_re_y__h_a_ir_s__. (他有几根白的 头发。)
• ’s 结尾的所有格形式多用于有生命的东西的 名词。但有时其它的名词也可以,如: today’s newspaper, fifteen minutes’ ride等与 时间有关的名词。
• 凡不能加 ’s 构成所有格的名词,都可以与 of 结成短语,来表示所有格关系。就是有生 命的东西的名词也可如此,特别是当这个名 词有较长的定语时。如:
只有复数形式的情况: trousers(裤子); glasses(眼镜); compasses(圆规) thanks; clothes; remains; goods; people; cattle
a pair of
复合名词的复数形式:
1.词末+-s : film-goers ; forget-me-nots 2.主体名词变为复数形式: lookers-on; editors-in-chief;sons-in-law 3.两个组成部分皆变为复数: women doctors; men cooks* 这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman
注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写
Common Nouns:
一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词 1. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西
可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream
Notes: *1:stomach
stomachs
*2:以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s.
Eg:boys; toys; Henrys
*3: 以元音+o eg: videos; studios 以oo结尾 eg: zoos; bamboos;kangaroos 一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词) eg: pianos 一些缩写词 eg: kilos; photos; memos 一些专有名词 eg: Eskimos; Filipinos
不规则复数:
1.man menen; chairman-chairmen Eg:foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese
3.+en
Eg:child-children; ox-oxen
4.ouse ice
Eg: mouse-mice; louse-lice(虱子)
2. Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体
Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public
集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。一般来说, 视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。
His family __i_s__ not large. (be)
语 法 专 题 (一) 名词
名词要点精讲
名词是考试的热点和难点。从语法和词 汇两个方面来考察其用法,在单项选 择、完形、改错中都可感知考试中名 词的考查点。
名词
专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的 名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的 名词,如:book,sadness等。
名词的数
不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括 抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。例如: health, advice, glass, wood, English, America
不可数名词作主语,谓语动词须用单数形式。
可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词的复数形 式有以下几种:
情况
加法
例词
一般情况
加-s
Do you know the name of the girl standing at the gate?
• 一个名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经 提到,往往可以省略,避免前后重复。如:
This is not my pen, but Mary’s. • 有时某些 ’s 结尾的所有格形式可以表示地
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称 为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词 和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名 词(Uncountable Nouns)。
Proper Nouns: 指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称
Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day
名词的格
• 所有格的形式: 一般的名词所有格在后面加 ’s,如: Mary’s book 以 –s 结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加 ’, 如:
Teachers’ Day, the students’ reading-room 以 –s 结尾的专有名词所有格,如: Engels’s works 或Engels’ works
Brothers;schools
以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的 加-es 词
Buses;watches;dishes*1
以辅音+y结尾的 去y加-ies Ladies;countries;*2
词
以辅音+o 结尾的词 多数加-es Heroes;
tomatoes*3
以f或fe结尾的词 把f/fe改成ves Halves; leaves;*4
Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。 Eg: The police are looking for him.
3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。
Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil 一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些 特殊情况:
1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、 “Eg一: T种w”o strong black coffees, please. ( 两份)
Three beers, please. (三杯) It was a special tea. (一种)
2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。 Eg: rains (雨季) sands (沙滩) snows (积雪) waters(海域)…
tin ( 锡 )
a tin ( 罐头 )
paper ( 纸 )
a paper ( 报纸,证件,论文 )
iron (铁 )
an iron (熨斗 )
wood ( 木头 )
a wood ( 树林 )
gold (金子 )
a gold (金牌 )
youth (青春 )
a youth (年青人 )
power ( 力量 )
专有名词(Proper Nouns)
抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)
普通名词
(Common Nouns)
物质名词(Material Nouns) 集体名词(Collective Nouns) 个体名词(Individual Nouns)