现在完成时的构成

现在完成时的构成

have∕ has + P.P.

现在完成时的用法

1完成表示过去的动作对现在的影响。Already .yet ever just before

He has lost his key.

2还完成从过去一直持续到现在，是否持续下去不知道。

⑴一次性动作完成的

与just连用，表示刚刚完成的动作或状态（just放在have∕has与P.P.之间）。

I have just had lunch. He has just finished his homework.

①already 已经肯定句中或句尾例: I have already found my

pen. = I have found my pen already.

②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例：I have not finished the

work yet.

Have you bought a computer yet?

I have already bought the computer.

例：Have you ever seen pandas?

never从不句中例：I have never been to Beijing.

before以前句尾

例：I have never been there before.

how many times多少次three times

How many times has he been to Beijing?

havegone to去了某地

例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)

havebeen to去过某地

例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)

⑵表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能延续到将来，常与since“自从…”（后面跟一点时间）for（后面跟一段时间）连用。

I have learned English since 2000.

He has lived there for 10 years.

例：He has bought the book for 3 years.

1)He has bought the book

2)He bought the book 3 years ago

3)It’s 3 years since he bought the book..It is three hours since he got here . （

④He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）

5) He has had the book for 3 years.

①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here

例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.

②leave/go →be away

例：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.

③begin/start →be on

例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）

改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.

④open →be open / close → be closed

例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)

改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.

⑤die →be dead

例：His father has died for 3 years.

改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.

⑥finish/end→ be over

例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)

改为：The work has been over for 3 days

⑦join 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）

改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.

⑧buy /catch →have

例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）

改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.

例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）

改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.

⑨borrow → keep

例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book

for 3 years.

还有其它的归纳如下：

break → be broken get up → be up

marry → be married \ become → be lose → be lost \

3)与最高级连用，表示“到目前为止最…”

You’re the cleverest girl that I’ve seen.

He is the tallest man that I have ever met .

4）与It∕This the first time that…连用，表示“第一次……”