雅思阅读考点词汇 刘洪波 解析+同义替换
雅思阅读同义词替换总结
名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
最全雅思阅读同义替换技巧和词汇
【雅思】揭秘雅思阅读中的同义替换原则虽然雅思考试的难度在逐年提升，但雅思作为一个语言考试有一个鲜明的特点是不会变的，这就是“同义替换”。
同义替换不仅是雅思阅读的核心考点，更是阅读做题的基本原则和方法，这一点同样是不会变的，所以从这个角度来讲，雅思阅读更像是在做配对题。
管它题型五花八门，眼花缭乱，只要配得上，就是好答案。
本文就来告诉你或许没注意到的同义替换，助你顺利屠鸭。
一，同义替换不等同于同义词词语之间的同义替换最为常见，在剑桥真题里的例子也比比皆是，但若把它简单理解为同义词，只要去背同义词词典就能解决的话，那考试时就要吃苦头了。
其实雅思阅读题目和文章正越来越融合，而且靠死抠单词意思，一个单词一个单词地去读文章本来就不是正确的阅读方法。
因此，雅思阅读的同义替换并不等于同义词，那究竟是什么呢？其实，雅思对单词的意思并不那么斤斤计较，只要是一个方向上的词义，都可以被接纳为一伙的。
比如increase, raise表示上升，expand表示扩大，develop表示发展，应该不会有哪本同义词词典把它们放到一块儿去，但由于它们都表示事物的上升状态，因此在雅思阅读里烤鸭们看到这些词，可以把它们理解为有相似的意思。
阅读中表示事物上升，扩大，增加，发展的词还有诸如：advance, grow, progress, surge, increment, accelerate, swell, lift, escalate, higher, prolong, extend, raise, spread（延伸，扩展）, enlarge（放大）, boom, boost, soar, climb, promote, promo tion, heighten, strengthen, build up, evolve, enhance（加强）等。
其实，有些英语单词尽管在中文的具体意思上是一致的，但它们所表达其实却大相径庭，南辕北撤。
刘洪波第一二三类考点词汇总（538个）
刘洪波第一二三类考点词汇总（538个）重要性考点词常考中?文词义雅思阅读真题命题?方式共20 + 34= 54个定义：当雅思阅读?文章中只要出现该词，90%会被命题考查！不不同的真题中被反复考查多次，超?高频考点词背记：考?生请严格按下表中重要性排?行行顺序记忆20个考点词。
是的，我的学?生雅思阅读，第—个背的单词不不是 abandon, abdomen , abnormal, ?而是 resemble, 它在《剑桥雅思 9》《剑桥雅思10 》中?又被多次考到。
请同时记忆下表真题命题?方式中相对应的34个同义替换考点词加粗单词。
不不熟的单词请?一定查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：滚?瓜烂熟。
1resemble v.像，与……相似like, look like, be similar to2recognize v.认出，识别；承认perceive, acknowledge, realize, appreciate, admit, identify, comprehend, understand, know 3adjust v.调整，使适合change, modify, shift, alter4approach n.?方法method, way5fundamental adj.基本的，基础的rudimentary, preliminary, basic 6rely on依靠，依赖depend on7domestic adj.家庭的；国内的home, local, national8measure v.测量量calculate, asses, evaluate9trait n.特性，特征characteristic, feature, property 10coin v.创造?rst used, invent11arti?cial adj.仿造的synthetic, man-made12prompt v.促进，激起initiate, immediately13exchange v.交换share, apply A to B14underlie v.成为……基础based on, ground, root15ignore v.忽视，不不顾neglect, overlook, underestimate16fertilizer n.化肥，肥料料chemical, toxic, unnatural17that*pron.那；那个this, it, they, those, these, such *指代是雅思阅读的重要考点18and*conj.和，?而且or, as well as, both...and, not only...but also..., other than, in addition, besides, on the one hand...on the other hand..., neither... nor... *并列列结构是雅思阅读的重要考点19rather than*?而?非，不不是but, yet, however, whereas, nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, although, though, instead *转折结构是雅思阅读的重要考点20thanks to*由于，幸亏stem from, derive, owing to, due to, according to, because of, on account of, as a result of, leading to, because, since, for, in that, as, therefore, hence *因果关系是雅思阅读的重要考点重要性排行行考点词常考中?文词义雅思阅读真题命题?方式共100 + 72 = 172个定义：当雅思阅读?文章中只要出现该词，60%会被命题考查，不不同的真题中被考查过1次以上，重要考点词。
雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解
雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解在雅思阅读考试中，“理解”就是要能够正确识别用两种不同表达方式描述的同一事物。
下面给大家带来了雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解做雅思阅读就两种人，第一种是每个字都认识，句子读得又懂又快，比如说我，嘿嘿嘿。
还有一种技术流，就是会有一些不懂的词句，但是题目能看懂，而且能把题目和原文联系起来，这样也是可以做对绝大多数的题的。
当然如果你一句话中不认识的词比认识的还多，那赶快滚去背单词去。
第一种方式需要一定量的积累，如果大家有冲击高分的诉求,可以长期积累. 对于多数考生来说练习第二种会更加高效。
那么问题来了，怎么找和原文对应的地方呢，这也是阅读考察重点之一:同义替换, 我们先要明确一点，同义替换不是同义词, 而是对同一事物的不同表达方式，比同义词的范围要更宽所以我们来一起看一看常见的替换类型1描述型替换题目和原文是现象对应本质，概念对应例子, 或单词对其解释。
比如老师认真回答学生问题, 批改作业到深夜，原文中说有职业责任感，这个就是同义替换.我们以真题为例：“题目：The consumption of fossil fuel would be cut because agricultural vehicles would beunnecessary. C11”“原文：It would reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.”其中vehicles对应其中的一种例子tractor，unnecessary对应其词义解释cutting out the need for，再比如：C8 chemical → fertilizer and pesticide，farming → grow plants and herd animalsC9 serious problems→nuclear war and pollution，C10 a range of functions→ gathering, leisure, relaxation, worshipC11 Unnecessary→cutting out the need for很明显不属于同义词, 但却是对同一事物的不同表达方式, 多个词对应一个词.这在雅思中出现几率非常大. 这种替换找不到就会很恼火,因为全是你认识的词, 但是就是脑子转不过来,所以需要大家有这么一个意识, 不要按同义词严丝合缝的去找替换.2同义词替换此类替换比较复杂，也非常常见。
(完整版)刘洪波雅思阅读同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。
刘洪波阅读考点词539
剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经（剑 10 版） 致谢剑桥雅思阅读考点词首先感谢贵学教育阅读教师郭佳荣老师。
应我邀请他为《剑桥雅思 10》做出了 全部“真题考点词替换清单”和核心词挑选，收录在本书中。
郭佳荣老师的经历本身 有点传奇。
他是一名羽毛球教练，原来雅思阅读考试 5.0 分，使用阅读真经体系后阅 读迅速考到了 8.5。
然后他选择来贵学上课提高其它三项。
他在课余时间热心主动帮 助同学讲解阅读，以身说法传授真经。
后来累积经验一步步从贵学助教、辅导老师、 教师，最后成为贵学一线名师。
前言——写于 2015 年2012 年，贵学教育成立。
作为她诞生之礼，我以她之名出版了《剑桥雅思听力 考点词真经》和《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》，并同步公开了“雅思听力阅读考点词 理论”的部分研究论文。
当时，新浪教育、网易教育、搜狐教育和网易教育同步转载 了相关论文，引发了热议。
本书包含的《剑桥雅思 5》、《剑桥雅思 6》的“真题考点词替换清单”是由李 热议的意思就是有褒有贬。
批评者认为我蔑视了几十年传统英语考试培训累积的 各种技巧，一味强调同意替换；赞扬者则认为我开创了一个崭新的领域，教学理念领 先整个行业很多年。
悦老师应我邀请完成。
本书包含的《剑桥雅思 4》、《剑桥雅思 7》、《剑桥雅思 8》、《剑桥雅思 9》 的“真题考点词替换清单”是由我亲自解析完成。
当然，我的学生们都自称“贵粉儿”、“脑残粉”、“真经死忠粉”，他们第一 时间投入无比的热情开始研究听力阅读中的同意替换，开始背诵我提出的“考点词库”。
我对他们的“盲目崇拜”感动得更加努力工作。
在本书的编写过程中，赵小锐、刘畅、谭乐、刘娟、付晓楠、田杨、冯涛、成岩、 程玲、 李慧芳、刘素良、焦磊、柏立明、焦鸿增、曹爱丽、张靖娴、袁伟、李海静、 刘伟、杨志、贾玉梅、 李悦也参与了资料收集及部分编写工作，在此一并感谢。
无论外界纷扰，我心宁静依旧。
因为历史为证，《剑桥雅思听力考点词真经》和《剑 桥雅思阅读考点词真经》是中国英语培训史上讲解同意替换的第一批出版专著。
雅思阅读同义词替换总结
雅思阅读同义词替换总结名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)2mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summit11petitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)17plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)22plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one nearhim/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive),sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, madeor achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
雅思阅读同义词替换的内容和雅思阅读同义词的替换
雅思阅读同义词替换的内容雅思阅读同义词替换的内容Cambridge 8 TEST 41. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的.8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统雅思阅读同义词的替换雅思阅读同义词的替换1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把和相联系v.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.。
刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结
刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结雅思阅读备考中我们需要积累大量的词汇，来帮助我们更好的理解文章内容。
今天小编为大家准备的是刘洪波雅思阅读词汇，大家可以参考一下。
希望各位考生能找到适合自己的词汇记忆方法，帮助我们扩大词汇量。
刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结atmosphere n. 大气, 气氛，空气, 格调, 情趣, 气压hydrosphere n. 水圈, 水界, 水气lithosphere n. 岩圈,地壳core n.中心，核心，精髓; 果心，果核; [地质学]地核; [计] 磁心 vt.去(果)核，挖去…的果心; 提取岩芯(样品)mantle n. 斗篷, 覆罩之物, 罩子 v. 罩住, 覆盖, 脸红crust n. 外壳,坚硬的外壳,面包皮 vt. 盖以硬皮 vi. 结硬皮magnetic adj. 有磁性的,有吸引力的,催眠术的gravity n. 地心引力,重力,严重,庄重,严肃plate n. 碟,盘,金属板,板块 vt. 镀金,电镀,为...制印版,, 给...装钢板,用金属板固定drift n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,漂流,吹积物,趋势 vi. 漂移,漂流,吹积 vt. 使漂流,把...吹积crack vt.破裂，打开; (使…)开裂; 说(笑话); 开瓶 vi.断裂，折断; 碎裂声，爆裂声; 镜子破裂了; 失去控制，衰退 n.裂缝; 试图; 缝隙; (可听到响声的)重击 adj.训练有素的; 技艺高超的; 优秀的; 一流的trigger vt. 引发，引起;触发 vi. 松开扳柄 n. 扳机;[电子] 触发器;制滑机flaw n. 缺点,裂纹,瑕疵,突然的狂风天气 vi. 变得有缺陷 vt. 使破裂interact vi. 相互作用,相互影响absorb v. 吸收,吸引...的注意,使全神贯注melt n. 熔化,熔化物 vt. &vi. 熔化,溶解, 软化, 渐渐混合thaw n. 融雪 v. 使融解, 暖和dissolve vt. 消除,解散,使溶解,解决(问题),使沮丧 vi. 消散,溶解, 解散, 液化,变得模糊 n. 叠化画面release n. 释放, 让渡, 发行 vt. 释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射accumulate vt. 积聚,累加,堆积 vi. 累积decompose vi. &vt. 分解 vt. 腐烂volcano n. 火山erupt v. 爆发magma n. 岩浆，糊剂lava n. 熔岩, 火山岩tsunami n. 海啸tidal adj. 潮的, 有关潮水的hurricane n. 飓风,飓风般猛烈的东西 adj. 有防风罩的tornado n. 飓风,旋风,龙卷风typhoon n. 台风earthquake n. 地震avalanche n. 雪崩glacier n. 冰河, 冰川fertile adj. 肥沃的,能繁殖的 n. 多产,肥沃fertilizer n. 肥料barren adj. 不育的, 贫瘠的drought n. 干旱famine n. 饥荒, 极度缺乏flooding n. 泛滥, [医]产后出血 adj. 泛滥的动词flood的现在分词形式arid adj. 干燥的, 不毛的 adj. 枯燥的，无趣的acid adj. 酸的 n. 酸, 酸味物质ozone n. 臭氧, 新鲜空气layer n.层，层次; 膜; [植]压条; 放置者，计划者 vt.把…分层堆放; 借助压条法; 生根繁殖; 将(头发)剪成不同层次 vi.形成或分成层次; [植]通过压条法而生根photosynthesis n. 光合作用greenhouse n. 温室, 暖房phenomenon n. 现象, 非凡的人或事物carbon n. 碳,灯芯,复写纸sulfur n. 硫 vt. 用硫处理液化nitrogen n. 氮hydrogen n. 氢oxygen n. 氧,氧气dioxide n. 二氧化物pollutant n. 污染物质pollution n. 污染, 污染物toxic adj. 有毒的 n. 有毒物质devastate vt. 毁坏,使震惊deteriorate vt. (使)恶化 vi. (使)恶化, 瓦解, 衰退aggravate vt. 使...恶化,使...更严重 vt. [口]激怒contaminate vt. 弄脏,污染erode vt. 腐蚀,侵蚀 vi. 受到侵蚀degrade vt. 贬低;使……丢脸;使……降级;使……降解 vi. 降级，降低;退化upgrade vt. 提高(上升,浓集,加强) n. 提高(上升,浓集,加强)recycle vt. 使再循环,再利用,再制 vi. 循环 n. 再循环conservation n. 保存, 防止流失, 守恒, 保护自然资源conversation n. 会话,谈话ecosystem n. 生态系统eco-friendly adj. 对生态环境友好的，不妨害生态环境的sediment n. 沉淀物deposit vt. 存放, 堆积, 使沉淀 vi. 沉淀 n. 存款, 定金, 堆积物petroleum n. 石油petrol n. 汽油gasoline n. 汽油fume n. 臭气, 烟, 激怒 v. 熏, 冒烟smoke n. 烟, 无常的事物, 抽烟 v. 吸烟, 以烟熏, 冒烟fog n. 雾, 朦胧, 喷雾, 迷惑 vt. &vi.以雾笼罩, 使模糊, 迷惑smog n. 烟雾solar adj. 太阳的,太阳能的lunar adj. 月亮的,阴历的,银的calendar n. 日历,月历,日程表 vt. 进入日历radiation n. 辐射,放射线ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的 n.紫外线thermodynamics n. 热力学extinction n.熄灭; 消灭，灭绝; 废除; [物]消光，自屏，衰减extinct adj. 灭绝的,熄灭的 n. 消灭,熄灭catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸,彻底失败disaster n. 灾难endanger vt. 危及，危害jeopardize vt. 危害,使受危困,使陷危地habitat n. (动植物的)产地,栖息地habit n. 习惯，习性;嗜好 vt. 使穿衣deforestation n. 森林开伐, 滥伐森林desertification n. (土壤)荒漠化, 沙漠化dessert n. 甜食vegetation n. 植物,草木,(植物)生长vegetarian n. 素食者 adj. 素食的log n. 记录,圆木,日志,计程仪 vt. 伐木,切,记录,航行,度过(时间) vi. 采伐logo n. 图形,商标,标识语dune n. 沙丘dust-storm n. 尘暴, 大灰尘delta n. (河流的)三角洲granite n. 花岗岩;坚毅;冷酷无情clay n. 粘土,泥土mechanism n. 机制,原理，机械,机构,结构dump n. 垃圾场,堆放处 vt. 丢弃,抛售,导出 vi. 骤降,扔垃圾landfill n. 垃圾堆reclaim v. 开垦, 纠正, 收回circulation n. 流通,循环,发行量,消息传播precipitation n. 坠落, 沉淀, 凝结; 冰雹evaporation n.蒸发(作用)meteorology n. 气象学, 气象状态Celsius adj. 摄氏的Fahrenheit adj. 华氏的 n. 华氏温度计longitude n. 经度latitude n. 纬度，界限,自由选择权altitude n. 高度,海拔,高地attitude n. 态度, 看法, 姿势equator n. 赤道Arctic adj. 北极的,极寒的 n. (首字母大写时)北极圈,北极地方Antarctic adj. 南极的 n. 南极洲, 南极圈border n. 边缘 vt. 作...之疆界,加边tropical adj. 热带的, 炎热的, 热带植物的temperate adj. 温和的, 适度的, 有节制的mild adj. (烟、酒)味淡的,轻微的,温柔的,文雅的frigid adj. 寒冷的, 死板的，(指女性)性冷淡的freeze v. 冻结, 冷冻, 僵硬 [计算机] 冻结irreversible adj. 不可逆转的inevitable adj. 不可避免的, 必然(发生)的feasible adj. 可行的,可能的viable adj. 能生存的,可行的,能居住的的opt vi. 选择,决定做某事option n.选择(的自由); 选项; 选择权; 选择能力vt.得到或获准进行选择; 调动球员prioritize vt. 把 ... 区分优先次序prior adj. 更重要的, 较早的, 在先的 adv. 居先 n. 小修道院院长; 大修道院副院长priority n. 优先权, 优先顺序, 优先attribute n. 属性, 特征; 标志, 象征 vt. 归于, 属于雅思阅读真经总纲刘洪波编著内容笔记阅读分为四种题型1、单词题(最简单：summary,流程图，填空，填句)2、句子题T/F和选择(中等难度：判断题和选择题)3、段落题Heading题(最难的，归纳中心思想)4、匹配题Matching题(有诀窍，并不难)前两种直拳，第3种还我漂亮拳，第4种面目全非掌无标题的文章很可能出标题题：末段+大意(把题干读一遍)!!雅思文章首段不是最重要段落，末段和第二段才是最重要的防盗版内容：Before群里去背单词During 助教讲部分内容After 模考如何提升阅读速度1扩大视距：把单词变为意群，不要默读2跳读和变速：重点读认识的单词，读得懂的读慢，读不懂的读快题干3类词汇如果任意打开一篇题干13道题不认识的有3个及以上，阅读词汇需补充三大类：主题词不认识没关系模板词如account /reference/ mention在阅读题干中就是“描述”之义，毫无意义，不需要去特别记(拿任何一本剑桥，把题干中所有不认识的词记下来)考点词如resemble考点词真经很重要，要背3类关键词Keywords问题:正确读题方法一定要慢且2遍找到Keyword 解题，不用再读题干三大类：眼球级朴素级普通动词、名词、形容词逻辑关系词并列(重大考点)、转折、因果总纲标注法：(做真题时做这个工作)画出题干和原文所有对应之处(同义替换)要用此法做真题练习精细理解力句子题段落题匹配题为什么不要精读?而要快速阅读和对比阅读首先就要背考点词，才能敏感地找到同义替换按总纲标注法做文章填空题考察的不是空格而是空格前后的同义替换如果找不到替换，关键词的本行和上下行，找不认识的词。
雅思阅读同义替换 解释
雅思阅读同义替换解释摘要：1.雅思阅读的同义替换概念解释2.为什么要进行同义替换3.如何进行有效的同义替换4.练习技巧和策略5.结论正文：雅思阅读考试中，同义替换是一个关键技巧，它可以帮助考生在有限的时间内提高阅读理解能力。
同义替换指的是在文章中找到与题目关键词或短语相同含义的词或短语。
掌握这一技巧对于提高阅读速度和准确率至关重要。
为什么要进行同义替换呢？首先，雅思阅读文章通常涉及不同领域的知识，如科学、历史、文化等。
通过对文章中的关键词进行同义替换，考生可以更快地理解文章的主题和结构。
其次，同义替换有助于提高答题速度。
当考生在文章中找到与题目关键词相同含义的词或短语时，就可以迅速找到答案所在的位置。
那么，如何进行有效的同义替换呢？以下是一些建议：1.熟悉常见同义词：雅思阅读中有很多常见的同义词替换，如cause-lead to，effect-result in，advantage-benefit等。
考生应掌握这些常见替换，以便在阅读过程中迅速识别出答案。
2.注意动词和名词的替换：在雅思阅读中，动词和名词的同义替换较为常见。
例如，将“develop”替换为“grow”，将“education”替换为“teaching”。
3.关注形容词和副词的替换：有时，形容词和副词也会发生同义替换。
例如，将“extreme”替换为“severe”，将“really”替换为“actually”。
4.运用逻辑关系进行替换：在雅思阅读中，有些题目要求根据文章逻辑关系进行同义替换。
例如，将“because”替换为“since”，将“although”替换为“though”。
5.练习技巧和策略：要想在雅思阅读中熟练运用同义替换，考生需要通过大量练习来提高自己的替换能力。
平时要多做一些同义替换的练习，熟悉各种替换方式。
总之，掌握同义替换技巧对于雅思阅读考试具有重要的意义。
考生应在平时的学习中多加练习，不断提高自己的同义替换能力，从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。
雅思阅读核心考点词及其同义词替换
雅思阅读核心考点词及其同义词替换第一篇：雅思阅读核心考点词及其同义词替换100个高频考点词1-13 acceleratevt.使……加快；使……增速vi.加速；促进；增加increase the speed of, speed up, brisk up accessvt.使用；存取；接近n.进入；使用权；通路approach, admittance, entry, get at acknowledgevt.承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到accept, admit, answer, concede, grant, recognize adapt to使自己适应于… adjust, conform, accommodate, sweep up adjustvt.调整，使…适合；校准vi.调整，校准；适应adapt, conform, line up, align altervt.改变，更改vi.改变；修改 change, deviate, diversity, modify, vary analysevt.分析；分解；细察 examine, dissect ancientadj.古代的；古老的，过时的；年老的n.古代人；老人aged, antique, archaic, elderly, old apply to适用于 go for, impement, utilise appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi.增值；涨价 acknowledge, revalue, take account, treasure，price approachn.方法；途径；接近vt.接近；着手处理vi.靠近access, adance, draw near, set about artificialadj.人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的not real, contrived, stilted, fake, imitation，man-made accessvt.使用；存取；接近n.进入；使用权；通路evaluate, value, appraise, measure 14-26 Conventionn.会议；全体与会者；国际公约；惯例，习俗，规矩Criterian.标准，准则，原则standards , conditions , indexes curriculumnN.全部课程，课程course schooldeliveryn.投递，传送；交付；转让bringing;legal transfer;manner of speaking ,pitch labour , handingover demandingadj.（工作）要求高的，需要高技能的；（人）要求极严的，苛求的fastidious , finickingchallenging , indicating depend on1.依赖，依靠2.取决于，随…而定depend upon, devolve on, hinge on, rely on derivevt.源于；得自vi.起源 to originate detectvt.发现，侦察，察觉 explore , perceive determinevt.决定；判决； vi.确定，终止 condition , conclude；identify , drop , finish , judge disastern.不幸，灾难，惨败 tragedy , evil , calamity , grief distinguish vt.区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出tell apart , differentiate；tell from diversityn.多样性；差异 difference , multiplicity domesticadj.国内的；家庭的internal , household , home , family 27-40 due to 由于；因为 because of , as a result of emphasize vt.强调，着重stress , highlightenormousadj.巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的huge , tremendous , massive , macro ,vast erode vt.腐蚀，侵蚀vi.侵蚀；受腐蚀vt.腐蚀，侵蚀weather , eat intovi.侵蚀；受腐蚀eat into , burn intoexaggeratevt.使扩大；使增大vi.夸大；夸张vt.使扩大；使增大enlarge , broadenvi.夸大；夸张 put it on , pile it onexchange交换n.[通信][计]交换；交流；交易所；[金融]兑换communication , conversionvt.[通信][计]交换；交易；[金融]兑换turn , truckvi.[通信][计]交换；交易；[金融]兑换trade , traffic, swapping and sharing(C7 p66)exclusiveadj.独有的；排外的；专一的n.独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者adj.独有的；排外的；专一的particular , antiforeignn.独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者scoopexpertadj.熟练的；内行的；老练的n.专家；行家；能手vt.当专家；在…中当行家adj.熟练的；内行的；老练的skilled , accomplished , clever , diplomatic , practicedn.专家；行家；能手operator , specialistextinctadj.灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的vt.使熄灭out die out fertilisevt.使受精；施肥于；使肥沃enrich , top-dress，chemistry financialadj.金融的；财政的，财务的monetary , fiscal 看到金钱的符号要小心focus on集中于、关注be centered on , centre around fragileadj.脆的；易碎的delicate , crumbly41-64fundn.[金融]基金；资金；存款capital, deposit, saving vt.投资；资助 invent money in, to invest fundamentaladj.基本的，根本的elementary, basic, essential, organic, primary guaranteen.[金融]保证；[法]担保；保证人；保证书；[经]抵押品assurance, certification, commitment vt.[金融]保证；[法]担保assure, undertake, swear for identifyvt.确定；[计]识别；使参与；把…看成一样confirm, recognize, ascertain ignorevt.驳回诉讼；忽视；不理睬neglect, pass sb by imitatevt.模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制 simulate, model after immunityn.[免疫]免疫力；豁免权；免除phylactic power, immunizing power inevitableadj.必然的，不可避免的certain, necessary, automatic inherit vt.继承；遗传而得succeed to, take sth over initialadj.[数]最初的；字首的 premier, original isolate[生物]使隔离；使孤立；使绝缘segregate, seclude legitimate adj.合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的legal, reasonable, valid, logical, rational limitationn.限制；限度；极限；追诉时效；有效期限restriction, threshold, qualification, terminal lossn.减少；亏损；失败；遗失 reduction, failure, decrease, losing, reverse magneticadj.地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的 geomagnetic massiveadj.大量的；巨大的，厚重的；魁伟的huge, extensive, macro, substantial, tremendous，enormous measuren.测量；措施；程度；尺寸survey, size vt.测量；估量；权衡sound, scale, estimate militaryadj.军事的；军人的；适于战争的martial, soldierly,war,weapon minimizevt.使减到最少；小看，极度轻视 vi.最小化make small or insignificant modifyt.修改，修饰；更改 alter, dizenvi.修改alter, touch up 65-77 Option ：n 选择，选项，选择权choice、alternative、selection、preference Original ：n 原型，原著；有独创性的人；adj 创新的，最初的first、initial、previous、fundamental、unique、innovative、novel、inventive、primary Perceive ：v 察觉到；看见apprehend、descry、discern、espy、see Potential : adj 可能的；有潜力的 promising、likely、possible、latent、conceivable Prefer to ：较喜欢，宁愿favor、desire、would rather Primary ：adj 第一的；最初的；根本的 basic、first、original Principle ：n 原理，主义rationale、basis、truth、principium Profit : n 盈利；利润；利益 v 有益于，有利于；得益，获利n advantage、benefit、interest、favour、profit、gain ；v avail、benefit Property ：n 特性；性能；所有物attribute、belongings、holding、proprietary Proportion : n 比例；相称；部分 proportionality、scale、part Provision : n 预见；预备；供应；粮食 supplies、stock、catering Quantity ：n 量；数量 sum、amount、measure、quantum Rapid ：n 急流；湍流 adj 快速的；敏捷的；险峻的fast、quick、rapid、swift、hasty、prompt、speedy、instant 78-90 Rather than(而不是）：instead of;more important;Realise（认识到，明白）：learn, see Rely on （依靠，依赖）：depend on, lean upon,trust,need,on,purchase,by Remain(保持；留下）：stay, stop, keep upResemble(类似，像）：like, look like, similar, appear like, match, take after，Restrict（限制，约束）：slow down,limit,fewer, block,confine, retain, bound, hold back Result from （由…造成，起因于）：root in,owing to, due to, thanks to, base on, as a result,because, Retain（保持）：keep, keep up, hole, reserve, maintain, preserve Secrete（分泌，藏匿，私下侵吞）：secretion---body fluid, excrete，Separate（分开，隔开，分居）：not attachment, different, disparate, break, divorce,split,come between（单独的，分开的）：alone, independent, divided, isolated Settle（解决，安排；定居）：settle on---not ignore, deposit, work out, figure out, decide, settle down, make home, establish, arrange, Shift（转移，改变）：shift back to---revision, change, move, vary, transform, switch, convert, transition Similar （相似的；类似物）：resemble, similar to---compare, as, like, alike, same, akin91-100 sophisticated精密的、复杂的、世故的complex、complicated、experienced specificn.特性 quality、identity、character a.特殊的、特定的、详细的precise、detailed、particular substitute代替，替换，代用exchange replace switch change shift Supplement增补，补充augment increase complete fortify reinforce Surrounding环境，周围的事物，周围的，附近的neighboring close-by Swift迅速的；敏捷的；立刻的；突然发生的rapid fleet hasty expeditious nimble speedy fast agile Thanks to多亏了，由于 due to ,because of,because survive幸存，活下来continue remain与extinct 相反！trait特点，特性；少许quality, property, feature, characteristic,peculiarity, attribute, character Unexpectedly未料到地，意外地；竟；居然；骤然 suddenly headlongVariety多样；种类；杂耍；变化，多样化（多样性的同义：disparity diversity）（种类的同义：kind, sort, type, class, classification, category, species）第二篇：雅思阅读同义词替换表阅读词汇考查的单词abundantaccelerateaccessible accordinglyaccount（for）accumulate a couple of years adequateadhereadjunctadministeredadorn adventadverselyadvocateaesthetically affrontaidalert allayalteralternativealtogetherancillaryannihilateantagonistantecedentanticipateapace withappealing apply正确的选项plentiful increase available for that reason；consequentlyexplain collect two years sufficient stick addition managed decorate arrival negatively proponent artistically insult help wary reduce change option completely secondary conquer enemy predecessor look forward to as fast as attractive used for 词性a.v.a.ad.v.v.a.v.n.v.v.n.ad.n.ad.v v.a.v.v.n.ad.a.v.n.n.v.a.v.中文含义大量的加速；加大可用的因此解释；说明积累；积聚两年充足的黏附；胶着附加物管理装饰出现、到达不利地；有害地倡导者；辩护者审美地；美学地侮辱轻蔑帮助机敏的减少改变；调整替代；替代物完全地附属的；辅助的消灭；征服对手；敌人先辈期待；盼望快速的吸引人的应用；适用考频22appreciated(-tion)aptlyarduousarticleascend 2 assembleassortmentassumptionattachment 2attainedattendantattire 2 attributeavailavidbarrenbesides 2 biasbindboosted 2boundbreakbrief lookbring aboutbrittle calculatecame to the forefrontcarried oncarryceasecelebratorycelestial chancerecognized(-tion)appropriately difficult object climb gather;bring togethervariety belief preference for achieved;reached accompanying clothing credit;characteristicsmake use eager infertile in addition to prejudice tie raised limit held departure fromglance cause easily broken determine became importantcontinued support stop full of praise astronomical unplannedv.(-n)ad.a.n.v.v.n.n.n.v.n.n.v.v.a.a.prep.n.v.v.n.v.n.n.v.a.v.v.v.v.n.a.a.赏识适当地艰巨的；艰苦的物品，物体攀升；升高装配；组合品种；种类确信的想法依恋；偏好达到服务员衣着；盛装被认为；被鉴定;特征有用渴望的；热心的贫瘠的；不毛的除此之外偏见；嗜好捆；绑；使结合提高，推进范围；界限;限制决裂；破裂瞥视；浏览导致；引起易碎的计算；确定继续支撑；支持停止；结束颂扬天空的；天上的偶然的；碰巧的characteristicschronicleclassifyclear 2 cluecluster 2coarsecoincoincide with 2collective(-ly)come of agecomparably compellingcomponentcomposecompriseconcealedconcentrate conclusiveconcomitant withconcreteconcurconfiguration 2confineconfirmconflictingconjecturalconsequence 2 conserve 3 considerableconsistent consortqualities describe categorize unobstructed information group rough;crude create happen at the same timegroup(together)establish itself similarly forceful parts focus on consist of covered cluster definitive in conjunction with specific agree arrangement limit;restrict uphold opposing based on guessingresult store;retain large;substantial;much;greatconstant associaten.v.v.a.n.v.a.v.ad.n.(ad)v.ad.a.n.v.v.a.v.a.ad.a.v.n.v.v.a.a.n.v.a.a.v.性质，特性记述分类畅通的；无阻的线索；信息成群粗糙的创造；杜撰同时集体(共同地)达到法定年龄；确立自身地位可比地；相当地被迫的部分创作；创造包含；包括隐藏着的集中；积聚最后的协同具体的；特定的同意结构；形状限制；局限证实；确认冲突的；抵触的猜测的；推测的结果保存；保护很重要的；很大的持续的结交conspicuous 2 constituent(-v.)consumed(-n)2contemporaryconvergence 2 convertcorrespondinglycountcounteractcounterpart crisscrosscritical judge of fine artscrucialcumbersomedampendaringdeftdeliberatedemanddemisedemonstratedense depend depictdepressderivederived from 2 detectabledetectingdevastateddeveloping 2 devote to dictatenoticeable component(make up)eaten(eat)existing;written at that timegathering change similarly weigh negate version move back and forthconnoisseur important burdensome moisten bold skilled careful require death show thick rely represent;describe lower obtain based on measurable;apparentfinding ruined evolving dedicate;specializing indeterminea.n.(v.)v.(n.)a.n.n.v.ad.v.v.n.v.n.a.a.v.a.a.a.v.n.v.a.v.v.v.v.v.a.v.a.a.v. v.显著的成分；要素(构成；组成)吃掉当代的；现有的;同时代聚集转换相应地；对应地有价值；有分量抵消；反作用复本；对应物穿梭；交错往来鉴赏家；评论家重要的麻烦的；笨重的使潮湿勇敢的；大胆的熟练的；灵巧的审慎的；仔细的要求；需求死亡表明；证实稠密的；浓厚的依靠描述压低；使沮丧得到基于可察觉的；易发现的探测毁坏的；被破坏的发展的；演化的致力于；献身于指示；决定diffusedisasterdiscard discretedisputedisseminate 2 distinctdistinguishdivergence 3diverse dividing linedo sth.repeatedly 2 domaindominatedramatic 2drastic(-ly)2 draw 2durability(-able)dwellingeager 2 easily moved 2effect(-iciency)elaboratelyelevateelicitembracedemerge 2emit(-ing)emphasizeemploy 2 enableenactment encompasstravel catastrophe get rid of separate argument spread/impart separate;different differentiate difference dissimilar;varied;differentboundary iterate field;region be prevalent instriking radical(severely)attract;instruct endurance(long-lasting)house enthusiastic portable influence(effectiveness)done in great detailpromote bring out welcomed appear give off(producing)stress use allow;help performance includev.扩散；传播n.灾难v.丢弃；抛弃 adj.不连续的 n.争论；争执 v.散布；传播 a.清晰的；不同的v.区分；辨别 n.差异；变化a.多种多样的；不一样的n.边界；分界线 v.重复；反复 n.领域；范围 v.支配；控制a.显著的a.(ad)激烈的；猛烈的v.吸引;引导n.(a.)经久，耐久(持久的；耐用的)n.住处；寓所a.热心的a.轻便的；可携带的v.(n.)影响；效果 ad.详尽地；精心地v.提高；提升v.引出 v.欢迎v.浮现；出现 v.发出(生产，发行) v.强调v.雇佣；应用 v.使能够；使可能n.演出；表演v.包含end endlessengagedensureentireentityentomberaeradicateerroneous ideaserroneously identified as 2 essence(-tial)establishestimatedevidence evolutionexalted 2 excavate exceptional executeexerciseexertexorbitantexpendable 2 expose 2 extend 2 extol 2 extractextraordinary 2fabricatefaction fashiongoal continuous hired guarantee whole object trap period of time eliminate misconception mistake basic nature;fundamental create judged indicate development superior dig remarkable create utilize cause expensive unprofitable subject to;uncover stretch;increasepraise remove supreme make;constructside createn.a.v.v.a.n.v.n.v.n.v.n.(a.)v.v.n.n.a.v.a.v.造成；制成；履行；执行v.v.a.a.v.v.v.v.a.v.n.v.末端；目的不断的雇佣保证全部的实体；存在埋葬；设陷阱时期除去；消除误解；错误观念误以为；误认为基本(基本的)设立；创作鉴定迹象；预示发展高贵的；崇高的挖掘；开凿非同一般的行使，利用引起；产生昂贵的没有用的使暴露；暴露于延长；扩展赞美提取；取得非凡的；极度的制作；装配小派系造成，引起fatalfavorfeedfeelfindingfine(-ly)fixtureflamedflatteringflourishedforage foremost formidableforward-lookingframe（-work）freeingfunctionalfundamental furnish fusegambitgapgive way toglowinggood namegraphic graduallygrumbled hardhard to deal with hardiestheart hemispheredeadly prefer put detect scientific discovery tiny;minutely commonplace objectburned complimentarythrived feed leading difficult progressive pose(structure)releasing usable basic provide combine calculated riskopen turn into shining reputation vivid by degrees complainedfirm stubborn most vigorouscenter sidea.致命的 v.喜爱v.供给；供应 v.察觉；感觉a.细小的n.固定设备；附属装置a.燃烧的a.称赞的；奉承的n.茂盛v.搜索；寻找食物adj.最主要的 a.艰难的a.向前看的；有远见的 v.(n.)构造；提出(框架结构) n.解除，释放a.合用的a.基础的；基本的v.提供v.熔合；结合 n.策略；谋略 n.缺口；缝隙 v.让位；变成a.光亮的 n.名声；名誉a.生动的 ad.逐渐地 v.抱怨a.坚硬的；牢固的 a.执拗的；固执的a.最强壮的n.中心n.半球；半边 2henceforthheraldhinged onhinterlandidealidentical igniteimitateimmunityimmutableimpedimentimperceptiblyimplementimplicationimposingin place ofin realityinaccessibleinceptionincinerateincisedinclinationincorporate incriminate induceinfluxingenuityinhibit 2 initiate 2innovation(-tive)insignificantinstance integralfrom that time onannounce depended on region perfect exactly alike set on fire copy protection unchangeable obstacle subtly tool significance demanding instead of actually unreachable beginning burn up carved preference combine blame cause arrival resourcefulnesshinder start;cause new idea(new)unimportantcase essential;fundamentalad.v.v.n.a.a.v.v.n.a.n.ad.n.n.a.ad.n.a.n.v.a.n.v.vt.n.n.v.v.n.a.n.a.自此以后预示；预报地方；区域完美的同样的点燃模仿；伪造保护不变的妨碍；阻碍不可觉察地；极缓慢地工具；器械含义；意义紧迫的；紧急的代替实际上；事实上难接近的；难达到的起初烧毁雕刻的倾向；偏好结合；合并有罪导致流入；到达机灵阻止；阻碍开始；引发创新；革新(创新的)不重要的实例；例证整体的；不可缺少的 2intense(-sive)intentinterchangeableintervals intermittently interventionintricateintriguinginvadeinvitingjustifykeylaborious lamentlielocaleluredmagnify 3 maintainmajormake possiblemandatemargin 2markedmeansmerelymeteoricmeticulouslyminusculeminutemodifying momentarily extreme(concentrated)goal;purpose equivalent periods periodically influence complex attractive;fascinatemove into attractive prove important difficult complain about be located weight place attracted intensify preserve;keep principal allow require edge pronounce;noticeablemethod only rapid careflly tiny tiny changing brieflya.n.a.n.ad n.a.a.v.a.v.a.a.v.v.n.n.v.v.v.a.v.v.n.a.n.ad.a.ad.a.a.v.ad.强烈的；(加强的，集中的)目的相等的；可互换的周期间歇的干涉；影响复杂的迷人的侵入吸引人的；诱人的辩护；证实重要的费力的抱怨位于重担场所吸引，引诱放大；强化维持；坚持主要的；大型的允许；使可能要求边；边缘明显的；显著的方法仅仅地，只不过迅速的小心地很小的；微小的微小的；细微的修改；变化短暂的monopolizemoreovermotifmundanemyriadnascentneverthelessnormnotednoticednotwithstanding nourishnoxiousobtainobviousoptimalornate oscillateoutbreakoutline outstandingover great distancesovertaken partitioningpeakpeculiar penetratepeople in the playperiphery permeate persistpersonal magnetism pertinentdominate furthermore;in additiondesign ordinary many immature however standard observed announced despite;in spite offeed harmful get;acquire apparent best elaborate swing beginning summarizing excellent faraway surpassed division maximum strange go through actor outer edge spread through continue charisma relevantv.ad.n.a.a.a.ad.n.v.v.prep.a.v.a.a.a.v.n.v.a.a.v.n.a.a.v.n.n.v.v.n.a.独占；占优势此外图案；花纹世俗的；普通的许多的；无数的新生的；初生的然而；仍然标准注意到宣告，通告尽管喂养有害的；有毒的获得；取得最佳的华丽的摇摆震荡爆发；开始总结；概括杰出的；显著的遥远之处赶上，超越划分最高的；高峰的奇特的穿透；透过演员；剧中人物外围传遍持续个人魅力有关的明显的；显而易见的phenomenapick uppicturepit placeplungeponderousporeposition postulatepotentialprecariouspreciseprefer preoccupationpreside overpresumablyprevailed 2prevailingprevent 2primary(-ly)prior toprizedprobeproduce 2prolificprominentproponent prospectprototypeprotrudepry off punctureevent follow imagine hole measure drop heavy hole job suggest possible uncertain accurate favor involvement manage probably dominated most frequent;dominantavoid fundamental(chiefly)preceding valued explore butter productive(fruitful)distinguished(famous)supporter possibility model project locate piercen.v.n.n.v.n./v.a.n.n.va.a.a.v.n.v.ad.v.a.v.a.(ad.)a.a.v.n.a.a.n.n.n.v.v.v.现象；事件寻找；寻路图片坑；洼地投入，陷入笨重的毛孔；细孔职位；职务假定潜在的；可能的不稳定的精确的偏好；喜欢专心负责；统辖大概成功，统治盛行的；流行的制止；阻止基本的；初步的(主要地)在先；居前贵重的探察产物；产品多产的显著的；卓越的支持者期望；前景原型；范例突出；伸出查找刺穿；刺破pursueraiserandomrapidity rarerather（than）rawreadilyrealizationreaprearrecklessrecordedrecruitrefreshingregardless ofrelaterelianceremarkable renouncerepresentativeresembleresolveresort toreveredrevise revitalizerobustroll back 2 rotaterotroughly rudimentarychase rear unpredictable swiftness infrequent instead(of)unprocessed easily awareness accept raise irresponsible documented enlist unusual no matter what connect dependence significant reject typical be（appear）similar to find a solution forusing respected change bring new life tostrong reduce alternate;turndecay approximately undevelopedv.v.a.n.a.ad.adj.ad.n.v.v.a.a.v.a.a.v.n.a.v.a.v.v.v.v.v.v.a.v.v.v.ad.a.追赶饲养；养育不可知的迅速稀有的；罕见的相反；相反地未加工的容易地认识；意识收获；接受培养；饲养不负责任的已纪录的征募；补充清新的；清爽的不管相关；关联依靠异常的；非凡的拒绝典型的相似；类似解决采用尊敬修正；改造新生强健的；坚强的压低；减少轮流；更迭腐烂概略地；大约原始的；简单的runrupturerushingsanitationsaturatesaying two opposite thingsscale 2scarce(-ly)scatterscopescorchedscorescurrying 2securesedentarysentimentserve asset 2settle(-ed)severe povertyshieldsignificantsiteskepticismsketchingskilledskyrocket sleep brieflysmooth operation smothersnap 2 soleoperate burst rapid health soak paradox measure rare(barely)irregularly distributeextent burned musical compositionsrushing acquire;safe inactive opinion function as establishdecide(stabled)indigence protect meaningful location doubt drawing expert increase rapidlynap effective functioningeliminate break onlyv.v.a.n.v.n.n./v.a.(ad.)v.n.v.n.v.v.ad.a.n.v.v.v.n.v.a.n.n.n.a.v.n.v.v.a.操纵破裂；裂开急流的卫生；健康状态浸透；饱和悖论；隽语刻度/测量稀有的分散范围烧焦乐谱急赶获得；取得;安全的不移栖的意见；观点充当；担任确定；安置决定；解决(固定的)贫困；赤贫保护；避开有重要意义的地点；场所怀疑主义；怀疑态度速写；素描熟练的；擅长的猛涨，突增小睡；打盹覆盖；除去折断；拉断唯一的；独一的solemn sort outsource of energyspan spawnsparkspeculatestaggeringstandardstanding 2staplestimulatestorystrainstrengthstressstrikingstringent strivestrugglesubjectsubjugatesubsequent 2subsidy(-ize)subtlesuccinctsufficientsuitablysumptuoussumssupplant 2 supplementserious separate fuel cover create bring about hypothesize overwhelming customary not flowing popular edition;basic elementencourage level stress basis emphasize noticeable strict try competition susceptible conquer later finance slight concise adequate appropriately luxurious amounts replace;displace extension;add toa.严肃的；庄重的v.挑选出 n.能源；燃料v.包含 v.产生v.激发；发动 v.推测；假设a.压倒的；压倒之势的a.标准的a.停滞的；不流动的n.大宗物品；流行的东西主要成分v.激发；促进 n.楼层；层 v.拉紧，重压 n.实力；基础v.强调 a.显著的a.严格的；严厉的努力奋斗n.竞争a.易受影响的；遭受影响的v.征服 a.后来的n.(v.)补助金；补贴 adj.微小的；精细的 a.简洁的；简练的 a.足够的；充足的ad.适宜地a.豪华的；奢侈的n.和v.取代；替代 n.补充；补遗supportsupposedlysupremacysupreme 2surge(-ing)suspendsustainsymmetricaltangled teeming withtellingtempting testimonythanks totherebythink highly thrive thwarttoleratetrace transitiontrendtypifyultimately 2 undergo underscoreunderwater craftundoubtedly 2uniqueunprecedentedunravelunrestricted unsubstantiatedhold seemingly dominance most outstanding increase sharply(accelerating)hang support proportionally balancedtwisted togetherfull of challenging attractive evidence of because of by that meansadmire grow well frustrate endure imprint change, convert tendency characterize eventually;in the endexperience emphasize submarine certainly particular;singular never seen beforediscover unlimited unverifiedv.ad.n.a.v.(a.)v.v.a.a.a.a.n.n.ad.v.v.v.v.n.v.n.v.ad.v.v.n.ad.a.a.v.a.a.支持；支撑按照推测；表面上至高无上；支配地位最大的；极度的急剧增加(高涨的；跃进的)挂；悬挂支撑对称的；匀称的混乱的充满有效的；有力的诱人的证据由于；多亏因此钦佩；羡慕茁壮成长使受挫忍受；忍耐痕迹；遗迹转变趋势；趋向代表，表现最后经历强调潜水艇的确地独特的空前的解开；阐明无限制的；自由的未证实的；未核实的urged usher vary(-ious)vast venture very closely vessel vestige virtually want to much whether wider witness yield encouraged beginning differ(-ent)large;great endeavor intimately craft evidence completely greedy if more extensive observe providev.v.v.a.n.ad.n.n.n.a.conj.a.v.v.催促，鼓励引导；开始变化；改变(不同的)巨大的；广阔的冒险；冒险行动亲密；密切船遗迹；残余实质地贪婪的；贪心的是否宽广的目睹；目击产生；产生效果第三篇：同义词替换同义词替换大全将替换过的词加粗字号调大一号双眼—眼睛眼睛-眼眸真的—确实确实-的确不过—只是如今—现在现在-现如今算是—就是就是-一定是对于—关于一具—一个身躯-身子身体—躯体躯体-身子还是—依然依然-依旧适应—习惯懂-知道知道—明白明白-明晓愿意—情愿其实—事实上但是—然而不会—不可能这里—这个地方人生—人一辈子跳过—跃过已经—差不多阶段—时期直接—直截了当这样—如此人品—运气可是—但是冷静—平复根据—依照记忆—经历原因—缘故缘故-缘由所以—因此算了—罢了医生—大夫继续—接着经过—通过孩子-小孩怀孕—怀孩子儿子—宝贝儿事情—情况这个—那个叹气—哀息可怜—悲伤基本—差不多不好—不行未来-将来将来—今后明天—改日根本—全然计划—打算何况—况且很-非常非常—特别特意—专门办法—方法怎么—如何心中-心底心底-心里心里—内心疑惑—不明白想法—办法问—咨询恐怕—估计虽然—尽管此时—此刻身边—周围周围-四周可以—能够提前—提早并且—同时肯定—确信暗中—背地好像—好似答应—承诺于是—因此不久-没多久没多久—不一会儿不一会儿-不大会儿都是—基本上第二天—翌日外面—外头似乎—大概忘记—不记得彻底—完全主要—要紧以前—往常马上—立即立即-立刻习惯—适应活泼—爽朗什么-啥不少—很多毕竟—怎么说将来—以后以后-往后日子—生活如果—假如那里—那儿麻烦—烦恼提拔—擢升思考—考虑地方—地点时间—时刻估计—估测可能-也许竟然—难道难道-难不成旁边-边上高兴-激动激动—兴奋说—讲连忙—赶紧女人—女的少女—女孩员工—职员城市—都市忽然—突然突然-猛然竟然—居然好像-好似屋子—房子房子-房怎样—怎么样货物—物资别—不影响—妨碍开朗—活泼进去—到里面去接受—同意大哥—老大老大-头儿老板—老总样子—模样头上-额头额头—头顶感觉—感受钱—钞票无论—不管亭子—阁楼姑娘—小姐老婆—夫人老公-丈夫丈夫—相公管家—总管少年—青年大家—大伙儿相爱—恩爱车内-车上车上—车子上喜欢-喜爱喜爱-爱慕安然—安稳游玩—游览奥秘—奥妙奥妙-神奇神奇-神秘后悔—懊悔报酬—酬劳悲哀—悲伤悲伤-悲痛倒塌—崩塌必然—必定避免—幸免便宜—廉价哺育—培育同义词替换大全猜测—推测才干—才能采用—采纳诧异—惊诧颤动—抖动贵妃—皇妃抬举—高看伤心-伤感伤感-失落失落-悲伤漂亮-美丽美丽-迷人迷人—好看开心—快乐快乐—欢乐沉浸—沉醉惩罚—惩处迟延—拖延耻笑—讥笑炽热—酷热憧憬—向往酬谢—答谢啜泣—抽泣创造—制造绰号—外号慈悲—慈善慈祥—慈爱葱茏—葱郁聪明—聪慧催促—督促璀璨—明亮打扮—装扮打搅—打扰害怕—胆怯忘却—淡忘调皮—淘气叮嘱—嘱咐嘱咐-嘱托悬崖—陡崖嫉妒—妒忌对付—应付对照—对比恩赐—赏赐发布—公布发誓—宣誓发展—进展繁殖—生殖反抗—抵抗防御—防备妨碍—阻碍分量—重量分外—格外愤怒—愤慨锋利—锐利服侍—侍侯出现—浮现赋予—给予告别—告辞恭敬—尊敬估计—估量鼓励—鼓舞当然—固然故意—有意关心—关怀管理—治理贯通—贯穿瑰宝—珍宝含糊—模糊寒冷—严寒和蔼—和气宏伟—雄伟欢跃—喜悦环绕—围绕荒芜—荒凉回顾—回忆汇集—汇合获取—猎取祸患—祸害机灵—灵巧积累—积存即将—马上疾驰—飞奔寄托—寄予讥笑—嘲笑坚固—牢固坚毅—坚强艰苦—艰难艰难—困难建造—建筑交织—交错娇嫩—柔嫩节制—克制竭力—尽力解救—拯救谨防—防备谨慎—慎重惊险—危险精密—周密精致—精巧敬仰—仰慕境界—境地绝望—无望开辟—开发慷慨—大方可惜—惋惜空暇—空闲恐怖—恐惧控制—操纵款待—招待愧疚—内疚劳苦—劳累冷艳—艳丽黎明—拂晓灵便—灵活领略—领会浏览—扫瞄隆重—盛大沦陷—沦落罗列—排列满意—中意漫步—闲逛茂密—茂盛朦胧—模糊弥漫—布满密切—紧密勉励—鼓励勉强—牵强藐视—轻视泯灭—消灭明丽—明媚明艳—鲜艳摹仿—模仿骤然—蓦地模范—榜样鸟瞰—俯视凝结—凝聚凝视—注视挪移—移动偶尔—间或判断—推断批评—批判疲惫—疲乏疲倦—疲乏僻静—偏僻飘荡—漂浮飘拂—漂动品格—品行平生—终生平庸—平凡平整—平坦普通—一般欺凌—凌辱奇妙—奇异歧视—卑视气魄—气势气势—气概启示—启发清晰—清楚乾坤—天地潜伏—埋伏谴责—责备惬意—满意亲密—亲热轻蔑—轻视轻盈—轻快清澈—清亮清纯—纯洁清晰—清楚驱赶—驱逐同义词替换大全弱小—微小伤害—损害商议—商量商议—协商稍微—略微奢靡—奢侈神秘—神奇神奇—奇妙神奇—奇特审阅—批阅实用—有用舒畅—舒服思量—思考伺侯—侍奉肃静—安静安静-安宁素质—素养率先—领先贪婪—贪欲探索—探究逃避—躲避特殊—特别誊写—抄写体面—风光体味—体会推荐—推举妥帖—稳妥蜿蜒—曲折顽强—坚韧顽强—顽固宛然—仿佛宛如—犹如宛若—仿佛宛若—宛如巍峨—雄伟惟独—只有危急—危险尾随—跟随委托—托付温和—和气温和—温柔吸收—汲取希翼—希望稀罕—希奇袭击—突击吓唬—恐吓鲜明—鲜亮羡慕—艳羡向来—一直消失—消逝歇息—休息欣赏—观赏新鲜—新奇兴旺—兴盛兴许—或许凶猛—凶狠修筑—修建羞愧—惭愧秀媚—秀丽徐徐—缓缓平时—平常平常—寻常寻觅—寻找延续—连续严重—严峻遥望—眺望要挟—挟制黝黑—乌黑幼稚—稚嫩预计—估计愿意—情愿暂时—临时阻挠—阻止赞赏—欣赏赞叹—赞美责怪—责备占领—占据照射—照耀照应—照顾珍贵—宝贵镇静—冷静征服—制服拯救—挽救争执—争吵指望—盼望追寻—寻找捉弄—戏弄茁壮—健壮滋味—味道纵情—尽情阻塞—堵塞斜—歪脚—足肥—胖降—落祝愿—祝福茁壮—强壮召唤—呼唤嘱咐—叮嘱闪烁—闪耀袭击—攻击暖和—温和拜访—访问艳丽—鲜艳节省—节约时光—时间惊讶—惊奇亲密—亲切高明—高超热闹—喧闹举行—进行凉爽—凉快广大—广阔永远—永久消失—消灭饥荒—饥饿广阔—宽阔飞翔—飞行奇怪—惊奇眨眼—瞬间聚集—聚拢根据—依据诚实—老实称赞—赞扬发现—发觉赶紧—抓紧解落—降落波纹—波浪颤动—颤抖颤抖—抖动破碎—破裂珍珠—珍宝财富—财宝锋利—锐利伤心—难过连忙—赶忙拦住—挡住极小—微小漂浮—漂移奔跑—奔驰温和—温顺灾害—灾难帮助—关心温和—亲切无数—很多答应—同意立刻—连忙仔细—认真传说—传奇目录—名目招聘—聘请洁净—干净特殊—特别聆听—倾听领袖—首领盼望—希望费力—费劲使劲—用劲救护—抢救挑选—选择本事—本领烦恼—苦恼究竟—毕竟拼命—舍命浪费—白费干净—洁净录取—录用聊天—谈天盼望—希望耽误—耽搁敞开—放开躲藏—隐藏胆量—胆识飞快—飞速比赛—竞赛害怕—可怕同义词替换大全亲爱—友爱保护—爱护谢谢—感谢清楚—清晰渐渐—慢慢面颊—脸蛋脖子—颈项歌唱—唱歌寻找—查找拾起—捡起办法—方法告别—离别准备—预备洁白—雪白出发—动身观察—观看很多—许多宾客—来宾逃窜—逃跑宽阔—宽敞热闹—吵闹住所—住宅闪现—出现寺庙—寺院卧室—卧房流动—流淌连忙—赶忙赶忙—急忙正要—刚要浮上—浮现辽阔—宽阔昂首—仰头眼力—视力故乡—家乡本事—本领劝告—劝说依赖—依靠何必—为必凭着—靠着机灵—机智奔走—奔跑秘密—隐秘专心—用心著名—闻名奇怪—惊奇发现—发明好象—仿佛有趣—有味愤怒—气愤坚定—坚决仍旧—照旧弯弯曲曲—曲曲折折连绵不断—连绵起伏赞不绝口—赞叹不已别具一格—独具匠心不可计数—不计其数风俗世情—风土人情毫不犹豫—坚决果断绞尽脑汁—费尽心机筋疲力尽—力倦神疲迥乎不同—绝然不同举世闻名—闻名遐迩聚精会神—全神贯注雷霆万钧—排山倒海络绎不绝—川流不息眉开眼笑—眉飞色舞目不转睛—聚精会神排山倒海—移山倒海疲惫不堪—筋疲力竭千磨万击—千锤百炼刚刚-刚才情不自禁—不由自刚才-刚不久主有些-有点盛气凌人—不可一自己-自个儿世爸爸-父亲随心所欲—为所欲熟人-认识的人为宁愿-宁肯同心协力—同心同望着-看着德无拘无束—自由自在喜不自胜—乐不可支腥风血雨—凄风苦雨一五一十—如数家珍依依不舍—恋恋不舍应有尽有—无奇不有朝夕与共—朝夕相处震耳欲聋—响彻云霄心惊肉跳—胆战心惊丝毫未动—未动分毫尽量-尽可能以为-认为认为-感觉房间-房子凌晨-早晨机会-机遇然后-接着也许-大概选择-抉择这么-那么那么-那样最终-最后最后-最后来听见-听到睡了-睡着第四篇：同义词替换同义词替换大全将替换过的词加粗字号调大一号双眼=眼睛真的=确实不过=只是如今=现在算是=就是对于=关于一具=一个身体=躯体还是=依然适应=习惯知道=明白愿意=情愿其实=事实上贵妃=皇妃但是=然而不会=可不能这里=这个地方人生=人一辈子跳过=跃过已经=差不多阶段=时期直接=直截了当这样=如此人品=运气可是=但是冷静=平复根据=依照记忆=经历原因=缘故所以=因此算了=罢了医生=大夫继续=接着经过=通过抬举=高看身孕=怀孩子事情=情况这个=那个叹气=哀息可怜=悲伤就是=确实是基本=差不多不好=不行孩子=小孩将来=今后明天=改日根本=。
刘洪波第一二三类考点词 汇总(538个)
重要性考点词常考中⽂文词义雅思阅读真题命题⽅方式共20 + 34= 54个定义： 当雅思阅读⽂文章中只要出现该词，90%会被命题考查！不不同的真题中被反复考查多次， 超⾼高频考点词 背记：考⽣生请严格按下表中重要性排⾏行行顺序记忆20个考点词。
是的， 我的学⽣生雅思阅读， 第—个背的单词不不是 abandon, abdomen , abnormal, ⽽而是 resemble, 它在《剑桥雅思 9》《剑桥雅思10 》中⼜又被多次考到。
请同时记忆下表真题命题⽅方式中相对应的34个同义替换考点词加粗单词。
不不熟的单词请⼀一定查出标注， 同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：滚⽠瓜烂熟。
1resemble v.像，与……相似like, look like, be similar to2recognize v.认出，识别；承认perceive, acknowledge, realize, appreciate, admit, identify, comprehend, understand, know3adjust v.调整，使适合change, modify, shift, alter4approach n.⽅方法method, way5fundamental adj.基本的，基础的rudimentary, preliminary, basic 6rely on依靠，依赖depend on7domestic adj.家庭的；国内的home, local, national8measure v.测量量calculate, asses, evaluate9trait n.特性，特征characteristic, feature, property 10coin v.创造first used, invent11artificial adj.仿造的synthetic, man-made12prompt v.促进，激起initiate, immediately13exchange v.交换share, apply A to B14underlie v.成为……基础based on, ground, root15ignore v.忽视，不不顾neglect, overlook, underestimate 16fertilizer n.化肥，肥料料chemical, toxic, unnatural17that*pron.那；那个this, it, they, those, these, such *指代是雅思阅读的重要考点18and*conj.和，⽽而且or, as well as, both...and, not only...but also..., other than, in addition, besides, on the one hand...on the other hand..., neither... nor... *并列列结构是雅思阅读的重要考点19rather than*⽽而⾮非，不不是but, yet, however, whereas, nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, although, though, instead *转折结构是雅思阅读的重要考点20thanks to*由于，幸亏stem from, derive, owing to, due to, according to, because of, on account of, as a result of, leading to, because, since, for, in that, as, therefore, hence *因果关系是雅思阅读的重要考点重要性排⾏行行考点词常考中⽂文词义雅思阅读真题命题⽅方式共100 + 72 = 172个定义：当雅思阅读⽂文章中只要出现该词，60%会被命题考查，不不同的真题中被考查过1次以上，重要考点词。
刘洪波33篇范文雅思词汇真经 刘洪波说文解字系列
刘洪波33篇范文雅思词汇真经刘洪波说文解字系列内容提要早在xx年当我策划《雅思阅读真经》一书时就有个想法：如果能把课堂上讲解英语词汇时的各种亮点及记忆方法融入词汇表里边，大家在背记词汇时也就不会觉得枯燥乏味了。
背单词最重要的是坚持，而兴趣则是坚持下去的最好的原动力。
于是我邀请当时教授雅思词汇的大师曲冰同志参与《雅思阅读真经》的写作，并且每隔几个单词挑选出一个来，从词源、文化、实际应用等各个角度加入趣味的注释，希望大家能对英语单词学习产生一点兴趣。
事实证明这种说文解字背单词的方法是成功的。
xx年《雅思阅读真经》在全国各大图书销售网站上高居雅思类图书排行榜榜首，各地的许多英语培训机构把它作为指定教材，一版再版。
而我也清楚地认识到，这种独辟蹊径的单词注释方法是该书成功的重要原因之一。
当我和曲冰同志决定再一次合作，照此模式共同创作“说文解字背单词系列”书籍（包括《雅思词汇真经》、《托福词汇真经》、《四级词汇真经》）时，不幸的事情发生了：曲冰同时收到了牛津和剑桥的博士offer。
更不幸的是不久后她从剑桥打来电话，说什么正在闭关研究孔夫子和耶酥基督的异同，而且还thoroughly enjoy，红尘俗事不愿再管。
悲伤啊。
万般无奈，只好一个人在深夜里奋笔疾书。
我坚信付出总是有回报的。
终于有那么一天，英语培训界泰斗人物、北京新航道学校校长胡敏教授被我的黑眼圈所吸引，一番长谈后对本书的创作兴趣颇浓，提出了许多宝贵的写作建议。
之后更不时的从家里搜出一本本泛黄的英语书籍拿来供我参考。
对这些书我从来都是小心翼翼的，不敢用力翻动，怕损毁文物。
得到英语培训界奇才李传伟教授的详细指导也是本书之大幸。
李老时常在百忙之中抽空指点词汇的注释亮点，他在词汇学上的功力让人叹服。
李老本人精通七国语言，对拉丁文、希腊语、西班牙语、法语的领悟使他对英语词汇的把握进入了极高的一种境界。
据说李老在新航道学校考研英语的课堂上偶尔会把各种语言讲窜，同学们大跌眼镜之余纷纷高山仰止。
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词最全
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换,句型替换,语法替换,笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理.以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的,一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的,程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost5.be involved <in>/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及,卷入,参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到,尽管6.induce [v] 引入,引导,引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断8.deplete 开采完,耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission <尾气>排放/exploit9 plex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的,复杂的10.capacity能力,容量/competence〔竞争〕能力/ability能力〔笼统的〕11.确保,保障：Secure-security/ensure <insure>/guarantee 押金13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样,品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume<responsibility>/suppose16.授权,委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right 〔权利〕18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理,道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥,限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境〔社会〕/surroundings/environment 环境〔环保〕背景background 后台/settings后台,布景/context 上下文〔文章中〕23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant <进来>/emigrant<出去>/migrant25.兴旺,繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming〔人口,行业〕/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic < in-, non- 无毒的>28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网〔聊天〕chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命,旋转/involve-involution 卷入,涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释,预测37. 优点,长处,美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的,初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产,制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化,每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突〔民族,种族〕/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性,代替性,辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝, 排外,孤立->be alien to/insulate <-ior>绝缘,隔〔体〕47．缺点,不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的,发明的,新颖的,创新的：inventive <-tion>/innovative<-tion>/creative<-tion>/ingenious <ity>/novel <-ty>=>[n]/creative/revolutionary <易错拼写：environment/convenient>49．neutral中立的,中性的/negative 否定,消极,阴性的/positive 肯定,积极,阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的,暧昧的/obscure51 municate 沟通,传达52.accommodate1供...食宿,2=adapt to 适应,调整,3=hold 容纳,4使…停靠53 mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for<占据>导致54.缺乏的,不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack <of>/short<of>55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently …怀疑：<be>/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious <about/of>57.缺点,缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构,组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种,[v]繁殖,培养,引起,造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的,初步的：begin/launch/initial <-ly> [v]首字母,开始的/initiate开始,发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished〔被剥夺财产的〕67.杰出：eminence <-t>/prominence<-t>/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思,怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎,推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导,引入,归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠,涂,将…应用于,适用,专心致力于,献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助,补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety79.in term of 按照,在…方面,关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾,尽管80. small-scale 小X围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判,洽谈/商定,协议85.virtual <love>/simulate模拟的〔网恋〕/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难,不幸87.innovate/invent 革新,创新/发明,创造sculpture/craft 雕刻,雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的,极高的/费用大的,昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美,澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工〔家庭〕93.indicate/predict 指示,表明,象征/预料,预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源,起点/是…的主要,中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家,能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系〔带来…的好处〕97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的,落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from101.agree on/define103.masquerade/<in> disguise伪装’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶,讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的,忧郁的>< 乐观的… into/become114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏,拆毁〔建筑物〕/敲,打…猛攻,充电,负责,付费,控诉117.separate/split 分开,使隔绝,提取/分,劈开118.fascination/attraction <-e:[v]> 迷住,吸引住120.decode/decipher 译解〔密码〕,解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误,延迟/欠缺,弊端122.association/organization 机构,关联/组织125.recognized/identified 承认,识别,认可/识别,鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对,目标,打算/集中…to/lead to连接/导致,通向128. inadequate <diet>/deficiency <in trace minerals> 不充分,不适当的/缺乏,不足129.basic/fundamental基础的,基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉,抓住132.success on/running on 成功134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得,流行,通用/由…产生,起源于136.be alike/be similar to 相同的,相似的137.indicate/show显示,指出,象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造,造成/获得,增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率144.<be> sympathetic/understand 同情的,赞同/理解146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在149.be out of date/bedeveloped153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于,因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。
雅思阅读替换同义词的详解
雅思阅读替换同义词的详解雅思阅览替换近义词的详解雅思阅览一次调查1200 X 3字左右，四十道题，实践做题时刻不到一个小时，这是个什么概念，高考英语一篇文章400词左右，阅览加起来2021词左右，也便是说阅览部分相当于相同的时刻做两遍高考，所以阅览是要咱们榜首个字开端翻译到最后一个字吗?必定不是啊。
做雅思阅览就两种人，榜首种是每个字都知道，语句读得又懂又快，比方说我，嘿嘿嘿。
还有一种技能流，便是会有一些不明白的词句，可是标题能看懂，并且能把标题和原文联系起来，这样也是能够做对绝大大都的题的。
当然假如你一句话中不知道的词比知道的还多，那从速滚去背单词去。
榜首种方法需求一定量的堆集，假如咱们有冲击高分的诉求,能够长时间堆集. 关于大都考生来说操练第二种会愈加高效。
那么问题来了，怎样找和原文对应的当地呢，这也是阅览调查要点之一:同义替换, 咱们先要清晰一点，同义替换不是近义词, 而是对同一事物的不同表达方法，比近义词的规模要更宽所以咱们来一同看一看常见的替换类型1描绘型替换标题和原文是现象对应实质，概念对应比方, 或单词对其解说。
比方教师仔细答复学生问题, 批改作业到深夜，原文中说有工作责任感，这个便是同义替换.咱们以真题为例：标题：The consumption of fossil fuel would be cut because agricultural vehicles would beunnecessary. C11原文：It would reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.其间vehicles对应其间的一种比方tractor，unnecessary对应其词义解说cutting out the need for，再比方：C8 chemical fertilizer and pesticide，farming grow plants and herd animalsC9 serious problemsnuclear war and pollution，C10 a range of functions gathering, leisure, relaxation, worship C11 Unnecessarycutting out the need for很明显不属于近义词, 但却是对同一事物的不同表达方法, 多个词对应一个词.这在雅思中呈现几率十分大. 这种替换找不到就会很动火,由于满是你知道的词, 可是便是脑子转不过来, 所以需求咱们有这么一个知道, 不要按近义词严丝合缝的去找替换.2近义词替换此类替换比较复杂，也十分常见。
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雅思阅读考点词汇刘洪波解析+同义替换考点核心词abandon abstract accelerate * access *Acknowledge=Admit=recognize express gratitude for ；=notice=accept as legally binding and valid=accept (sb) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority-----The crown prince was ackownledged as the heir TO the throne *adapt to * addictive adjust *admit adversity=hardship misfortune affliction /hard knocks /Disaster tragedy grief evil= a stroke of ill fortune; a calamitous events-adverse=harmful inauspicious untoward contrary counteraggression=hostility violence invasion infringement-hostile=unfriendlyagreeableAidAllergic=Hypersensitive hypersensitized hypersensitised Sensitized sensitised supersensitizedalter * alternativealtitude analyse * ancient * applicationapply to * appreciate * approach * approvearray=series of/ranging=clothes/thread/garmentan array of troops/books/emotions/fruit and vegetables artificial *Assess对人judgment对物calculate estimate=evaluate valuate value measure=tax* assign-assignment=任命职务，任务sb to a post=delegate designate depute *assign a task to children=give out/allot sthassociation attitude authority avoid *bacteria based on * be consistent with be liable tobe subject to bear beneficial * blightboundary budget burden calamitycalculate capacity catastrophic catercertify characteristic chronic=long-lasting suffering * civic cognitive coin comment communal反义individual词根commune公社CommunityCommunalismCommunalistCommute=transpose=travel back and forth=exchange convert compare compensate complicate comply with component comprehend conceal concentrate concur confer confidentialconfuse conscious * conservative considerable constrain consult contemporary contingent controversial convention * co-operation co-ordinate correlation courtship crash credibilitycrisis criteria * criticism cuecurriculum * damp dazzle deadlinedeficiency delay delivery * demanding *democratic demographic dental depend on *depression derive * designate detaindetect * determine * devastate differdiminish disaster disclose disparate-disparitydisplay disrupt distinguish * distractdistribute diversity * documentation domaindomestic * donate dramatic droughtdue to * dynamics ecosystem elaborateelderly eliminate elusive emphasize *encyclopaedia endanger enormous * entrepreneurshipequal equator erode-perish腐蚀侵蚀* escapeestablished estate ethical伦理上的evenlyeventually evidence evolve exaggerate *Exceptional例外的异常的异议exchange * exclusive * exhaustedexperiment expert * expertise explicitExploit功勋；开发开采剥夺extend-extension extinct 灭绝的* extractextreme faculty famine feasiblefeature fertilise * financial * finitefitness focus on * foe敌人危害物formatfragile * freeze fulfill fund *fundamental * gene geo‘graphic giftedgrant graphic guarantee * habitathalt harbor hardship harmonise使和谐harsh hazard 危险冒险；冒...的危险hinder阻碍identify * ignore * imitate * immediate立即的直接的immunity免疫力豁免权，免除*impact impaired损害impressive in accordance with inaccurate inactive inappropriate incentive动机刺激；刺激的Induce引诱引起* indulge inevitable * infest骚扰感染扰乱inherit 继承；成为继承人* initial * initiate innate 先天的固有的与生俱来的installment integrate intelligence intenseinteraction interference干扰干涉妨碍interior内部的interruptinvolve isolate * keen敏锐敏捷渴望热爱labellack landscape latitude纬度界限活动范围legal Legitimate合法的正当的合理的；使合法=legitimize legislate用立法规定，立法，制定法律legislation立法，法律* likelihood可能性limb分支枝干肢臂limitation * linguistic link log look-in迅速一瞥，顺便看望Lopsided=imbalanced倾向一方的不平衡的loss * magnetic=geomagnetic地磁的有磁性的，有吸引力的=charismatic，attractive* mainlyMalfunction=misfunction发生故障不起作用；故障失灵，疾病mammal manage to do manifestmanufacture 制造，制造业Marine船舶的海产的航海的，海运业，舰队水兵海军massive * matemeasure * mechanism机制原理途径，机械装置mental mercury水银，水星，温度表，精神元气Meteorological流星migrate military * minimise *modify * moisture水分湿度潮湿降雨量monitor moral Mortal凡人的终有一死的-immortal不朽的不死的motif主题动机主旨mould模具，浇筑用泥土覆盖，发霉nativeNocturnal夜间发生的-nocturne夜景夜曲夜景画Norm标准standard规范normal惯例pattern notoriety-notoriousnourishmentnutrient obey objective obligationobtain oddodour气味smell aroma scent声誉prestige offensive official opportunity optimum最适宜的optimal option * ordinary organ original * other thanout of the question overcome overtake paralyse使麻痹无力瘫痪Paramount最重要至高无上的=overriding推翻践踏不顾predominant predominate preponderant preponderating占据优势胜过压倒，最高统治者participate particular patient pattern peakperceive *peripheral外围的次要的神经末梢的，外部设备permit persuade pessimistic phasephysical plagiarise剽窃抄袭Plague瘟疫epidemic disease，pest灾难捣乱annoyance折磨使苦恼=harass hassle harry chivy使灾祸=blight破坏使枯萎plenty ofplot portable pose potential *poverty praise predict prefer to *Preferential优先的pressing primary * principalprinciple * priority private profit *Prohibit=forbid interdict proscribe disallowStem block dispute bar banprolong promote promptproperty * proportion * prosper provision规定条款，供应品=supply *purify qualify quantity *radical激进的extremist revolutionary根本的fundamental ultimate彻底的complete thorough ，基础stem root base原子团range rapid * rare raterather than * react realise * recognizeRecreation=entertainment amusement pleasure reduction refer to regulaterehearsal reject relevant reliancereligious reluctant=unwilling to -reluct反抗不同意rely on * remain *reproduce resemble * resistance responsiblerestrict * result from * retain *Revision=alternation=revise rescriptreviveRudimentary=fundamental underlying-rudiment ruin scenicsecrete * separate * setting settle *shade shift * signal similar *skepticism soarSolicitvt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求begvi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求sophisticate *specific * stable standard steerstem fromstride n. 大步；步幅；进展vt. 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在…vi. 跨；跨过；大步行走Make big stridessubdivide vi. 细分，再分vt. 把……再分，把……细分substancesubstitute * subtle sufficiency superiorsupersedeadj. 作废的；被取代的supplement suppressvt. 抑制refrain control subdue；镇压；oppress crush conquer废止inhibitSupremacy=dominationsurrounding * surveillance=observation supervision monitoring oversightsurvive * suspicious=mistrustful untrustingSustenance-sustain support survival foodswift =fast* symbol symptomSyntheticadj. 综合的~substance；合成的，人造的n. 合成物tension term thanks to *therapy threatthroughout=from first to lastTolln. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税Toxic=poisnousTracevi. 追溯；沿路走vt. 追踪，查探；描绘；回溯n. 痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪] 迹线；缰绳trackn. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道vt. 追踪；通过；循路而行；用纤拉vi. 追踪；走；留下足迹trait n. 特性，特点；品质；少许*Transcend=exceed surpass例句we have common interests which transcend those differences.tremendoustriggervt. 引发，引起；触发tropicalUnbiased=just justical fairunderlie sth = base on sthunexpectedly * uniformunusual valuable vanish /fade awayVariation=change fluctuationvariety * versatile violent visiblevisual waste well-being witness。