冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)第三章 句法翻译【圣才出品】
2021翻译综合考研冯庆华《实用翻译教程》考研真题集
2021翻译综合考研冯庆华《实用翻译教程》考研真题集一重点翻译解析对下列“假朋友”进行改译。
1. oil skin 油性皮肤【改译】油布2. good seats好的座位【改译】好票3. mad doctor 发疯的医生【改译】精神病医生4. bull’s eye 牛的眼睛【改译】靶心5. red - cap红帽子【改译】搬运服务人员6. red meat红色的肉【改译】牛羊肉7. white day白色的天【改译】吉日8. blue coat蓝色上衣【改译】警察9. fish-wife雌性鱼【改译】卖鱼妇，说话粗野的女人10. dogear狗耳朵【改译】书的折角11. familiar talk熟悉的谈话【改译】庸俗的交谈12. pull up one’s socks拉上袜子【改译】鼓起勇气13. husband like像丈夫的【改译】善于管理农活的14. cock- and- bull story鸡和牛的故事【改译】无稽之谈15. bite the thumbs at咬大拇指【改译】对……嗤之以鼻16. twice - told tale讲过两次的故事【改译】老掉牙的故事17. divorce lawyer离婚的律师【改译】办理离婚案件的律师【解析】同理，criminal lawyer是指刑事律师，而非犯罪的律师。
18. busboy公汽售票员【改译】餐馆勤杂工19. heartman有心人【改译】换心人20. eleventh hour 11点【改译】最后时刻21. blind date盲目约会【改译】（由第三者安排的）男女初次会面22. dead president逝世的总统【改译】美钞（上印有总统头像）23. personal remark个人评论【改译】人身攻击24. sweetwater糖水，甜水【改译】淡水25. confidence man信得过的人【改译】骗子26. service station服务站【改译】加油站27. restroom休息室【改译】厕所28. dressing room试衣室，更衣室【改译】化妆室29. horse sense马的感觉【改译】常识30. capital idea资本主义思想【改译】好主意31. black art黑色艺术【改译】妖术32. black stranger陌生的黑人【改译】完全陌生的人33. white coal白煤【改译】（作动力来源用的）水34. whiteman皮肤白的人【改译】忠实可靠的人35. bluestocking蓝色长统袜【改译】女学者、女才子36. China policy中国政策【改译】对华政策37. Chinese dragon中国龙【改译】麒麟38. American beauty美国美女【改译】红蔷薇39. English disease英国病【改译】软骨病40. Indian summer印度的夏日【改译】愉快宁静的晚年41. Greek gift希腊礼物【改译】害人的礼品42. be green-eyed 绿眼睛【改译】嫉妒的【解析】源自莎士比亚名剧《奥赛罗》第3幕第3场中的台词“Oh! Be ware , my lord ,of jealousy; It’s the green-eyed monster... ”43. Spanish athlete西班牙运动员【改译】吹牛的人44. French chalk法国粉笔【改译】滑石粉45. 宰客slaughter customers【改译】swindle money from customers46. 自学self-learn【改译】self-taught47. 寒衣cold clothes【改译】warm clothes48. （电脑）死机system dead【改译】system halted49. 彩票colorful tickets【改译】lottery50. 风凉话cold word【改译】irresponsible and sarcastic remarks51. 扣帽子put a hat on【改译】put a label on52. 大龄青年old youth【改译】single youth above the normal matrimonial age 53. 赢得市场gain market【改译】gain a larger share of the market54. 定向培训training for certain direction【改译】training for specific posts55. 抓紧时间grasp time firmly【改译】make the best use of time56. 提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English【改译】improve one’s English57. 密码secret code【改译】password58. 口水mouth water【改译】saliva59. 洗牌to wash the playing cards【改译】to shuffle the playing cards60. 大片big movie【改译】blockbuster61. 长镜头long lens【改译】zoom lens62. 不冻港non-freezing port【改译】ice-free port63. 白酒white wine【改译】spirits/liquor64. 红酒red liquor【改译】wine65. 纸钱paper money【改译】joss paper66. 流动资金circulating funds【改译】working capital67. 拳头产品fist product【改译】knockout product【解析】拳头产品为产品中的佼佼者。
(NEW)冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》配套题库(含考研真题)
目 录第一章 词法翻译第一节 对等翻译第二节 增词翻译第三节 减词翻译第四节 合并翻译第五节 转性译法第六节 名词的抽象和具体译法第七节 数字和倍数的翻译第八节 成语的英译第九节 修辞格的翻译第二章 句法翻译第一节 换序和转态第二节 断句和合句译法第三节 长句的译法第四节 正说与反说第三章 语篇与翻译第一节 衔接第二节 连贯第四章 文体与翻译第一节 实用文体翻译第二节 文学文体翻译第一章 词法翻译第一节 对等翻译一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。
1. ①申请书②报告书③协议书④成绩通知书⑤成交确认书⑥白皮书⑦家书【译文】①letter of application②report③agreement④grade report⑤sales confirmation⑥white book⑦a letter from home2. ①病历表②履历表③时间表④日程表⑤价目表【译文】①case history form②resume③timetable④schedule⑤price list3. ①推荐信②证明信③口信【译文】①letter of recommendation②certificate③an oral message4. ①名单②菜单③账单④保险单⑤订阅单⑥收款清单⑦违规通知单【译文】①name list②menu③bill④policy⑤subscription form⑥account note⑦ticket5. ①写作水平②领导水平③生活水平④发展水平⑤工作水平⑥开放水平【译文】①quality of writing②art of leadership③standard of living④level of development⑤work performance⑥degree of openness6. 身体好，学习好，工作好。
【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.7. ①经济法制化②经济全球化③社会知识化④国际关系民主化⑤国民经济信息化⑥科研成果产业化【译文】①to manage economic affairs within a framework②economic globalization③to build a knowledge-driven society④the practice of democracy in international relations⑤to build an information-based national economy⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production8. ①一窝蜜蜂②一窝小鸡③一窝幼犬【译文】①a swarm of bees②a brood of chickens③a litter of pups9. ①一群美女②一群猎狗③一群鸭④一群羚羊【译文】①a bevy of beautiful ladies②a pack of hounds③a team of ducks④a herd of antelopes10. ①积极支持②积极的财政政策③积极利用国外资源【译文】①unfailing support②proactive fiscal policy③make effective use of overseas resources11. ①基本工资②基本建设③基本物质④基本工业⑤基本利益【译文】①basic wage②capital construction③essential commodity④primary industry⑤fundamental interest12. ①大城市②大雨③大志④大人物⑤大道理【译文】①a big city②a heavy rain③a high aim④an important person⑤general principle13. ①老战士②老领导③老师傅④老芹菜【译文】①a veteran②a senior leader③a master craftsman④overgrown celery14. ①打电话②打的③打毛衣④打水⑤打篮球⑥打农药【译文】①to make a phone call②to take a taxi③to knit a woolen sweater④to fetch water⑤to play basketball⑥to spray insecticide15. ①维护统一②维护独立主权③维护国家荣誉④维护国家主权⑤维护人民利益⑥维护自尊⑦维护世界和平与安全【译文】①to uphold unity②to uphold independence and sovereignty③to defend national honor④to defend state sovereignty⑤to safeguard the people’s interests⑥to safeguard self-respect⑦to maintain/ safeguard world peace and security16. ①进行社会主义革命②进行一场激烈的争论③进行实地调查④进行亲切的谈话⑤进行侵略⑥进行协商⑦进行核试验【译文】①to carry out socialist revolution②to carry on a spirited debate③to make an on-the-spot investigation④to have a cordial conversation⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with⑥to conduct a nuclear test17. 严格训练、严格要求。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】第1章翻译概述⼀、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。
2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。
3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通⽤的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。
⼆、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译⼊语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东⽅语⾔和西⽅语⾔3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历⼭⼤?弗雷泽?泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治?穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《⼏何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花⼥》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群⼰权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当?斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺⽽不信。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。
注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。
2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。
3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)-翻译练笔材料及详解【圣才出品】
附录翻译练笔材料及详解一、英文短篇1A faint whinny, ①penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road ②loomed up darkly over the house, only leaving a pale strip of sky. ③Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush. From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at ④the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist -⑤the yellow robin’s plucked string, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.【参考译文】一阵轻微的马嘶声①闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了。
实用翻译教程（英汉互译）第三版冯庆华著翻译期末复习
实用翻译教程（英汉互译）第三版冯庆华著翻译期末复习英汉翻译期末复习1.Phrase Translation1.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
2. Make hay while the sun shines. 趁热打铁。
3. There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
4. Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里。
5. East and west, home is best. 出门一里，不如家里。
6. All is not gold that glitters.7. to take French leave8. to bring down the house9. Dutch courage10. a t one’s fingertips 了如指掌11. fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼12. kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕；一举两得13. at sixes and sevens 七颠八倒14. s peak one’s mind畅所欲言15. turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻16. all is fish that comes to the net. 拉入栏里就是菜。
17. between the devil and the deep sea 左右为难18. b urn one’s boat破釜沉舟19. fish in the air 水中捞月20.six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两21. castle in the air 空中楼阁22. to add fuel to the fire23.from the cradle to the grave 一生一世24. neither fish nor fowl 不伦不类25. k eep something under one’s hat保密26. eat one’s words 承认自己说了错话27. look for a needle in a bundle of hay 大海捞针28. hang on somebody’s sleeve 依赖某人，任某人做主29. talk through one’s hat 胡言乱语30. call a spade a spade 直言不讳2.Sentence Translation1.The inside of each room depended on the inclination of its occupants. 每个房间内部怎样布2.It was in vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pinkerton. 老太太问她明白不明白对她说话的不是别人，是平克顿小姐。
《实用翻译教程》学习辅导书 笔记及习题(词法翻译)【圣才出品】
第3章词法翻译3.1 复习笔记一、对等译法在翻译过程中，一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词、词组或成语意义上的对等表达。
因此，对等译法是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。
必须注意译文中所采用的对等表达是名符其实的对等表达。
一般说来，汉英两种语言中单词的对等率最高，而词组、成语、谚语的对等率就要相对低一些。
1. 单词汉英两种语言中单词的对等程度要高一些，一方面是单词的文化背景比较简单，另一方面是单词本身的语义结构比较简单。
当然，两种语言中存在着差异的“对等”单词也有不少，例如：从语义上来讲，“杯子”并不完全对等于cup，而是对等于cup + mug + glass +...，“桌子”的对等表达是table + desk，从感情色彩上来讲，“宣传”并不完全对等于propaganda，“农民”并不完全对等于peasant，“地主”也并不完全对等于landlord。
2. 成语成语的对等是从3个方面体现出来的，一个是比喻意义，一个是比喻形式，再一个是感情色彩。
三者中比喻意义是最重要的，当三者发生矛盾时，优先保留比喻意义。
感情色彩的对等同比喻意义的对等几乎同样重要。
如果感情色彩不对等，这条成语就肯定不能用。
至于比喻形式，能对等则应尽量对等，实在对等不了，就应当机立断，大胆放弃。
3. 谚语谚语和成语一样，其汉英两种语言中的对等大多数也是从比喻意义、比喻形式和感情色彩等3方面体现出来的。
同样，比喻意义的对等是最重要的，是翻译中必须做到的，感情色彩的对等几乎是同等重要，不可忽视，在保证这两方面的基础上，再来考虑比喻形式的对等。
有不少谚语根本不包含比喻，也就不存在比喻形式的问题。
有的谚语虽有比喻形式，但其比喻并不明显，去寻求这种形式上的对等翻译意义不大。
对等译法是翻译中最为常用的方法之一，这种翻译方法因其对应程度高，译文与原文所产生的效果也是最为接近的，因此这种翻译方法深受译者和译文读者的欢迎。
二、具体译法由于两种语言的差别，我们在翻译中不得不经常使用具体译法，也就是具体化的翻译方法。
冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)第四章 成语的翻译【圣才出品】
第四章成语的翻译4.1 成语翻译⊙直译1. silken tongue【译文】巧舌如簧2. cut in a joke【译文】插科打诨3. speak one’s mind【译文】畅所欲言4. call a spade a spade【译文】实话实说5. be after one’s own heart【译文】称心如意6. at one’s fingertips【译文】了如指掌7. fish in troubled waters【译文】浑水摸鱼8. thousands upon thousands of 【译文】成千上万9. in deep water【译文】水深火热10. turn up one’s nose at【译文】嗤之以鼻11. skin and bones【译文】皮包骨头12. touch and go【译文】一触即发13. to be a parrot【译文】鹦鹉学舌14. a sly old fox【译文】老奸巨猾15. stir up a hornet’s nest【译文】捅了马蜂窝16. to fish for praise【译文】沽名钓誉17. a drop in the ocean【译文】沧海一粟18. like father like son【译文】有其父必有其子19. Strike while the iron is hot.【译文】趁热打铁。
20. T o die on one’s feet is better than to live on one’s knees. 【译文】好死不如赖活。
21. Blood is thicker than water.【译文】血浓于水。
22. He who laughs last laughs best.【译文】谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
23. Give knaves an inch and they will take a yard. 【译文】得寸进尺。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)-附录 翻译练笔材料及详解(上)【圣才出品】
附录翻译练笔材料及详解一、英文短篇1A faint whinny, ①penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road ②loomed up darkly over the house, only leaving a pale strip of sky. ③Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush. From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at ④the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist -⑤the yellow robin’s plucked string, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.【参考译文】一阵轻微的马嘶声①闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了。
冯庆华《实用翻译教程》摘抄笔记 1-10
冯庆华《实用翻译教程》摘抄笔记01：翻译的标准翻译的标准关于翻译标准，我国历来就有不同的看法。
早在汉朝和唐朝，就有“文”与“质”之争。
主张“文”的翻译家们强调翻译的修辞和通顺，强调翻译的可读性。
主张“质”的翻译家们则强调翻译的不增不减，强调翻译的忠实性。
这实际上是意译与直译之争。
然而，“文”与“质”作为翻译标准都有其片面性。
我国比较全面的翻译标准是由清代翻译家严复于1898 年提出的，他认为优秀的译文应该做到“信”、“达”、“雅”，即忠实于原著，译文流畅，文字典雅。
当然，后人对严复的“雅”字有着异议，认为文字典雅的原文理应把它译得文字典雅，但如把文字并不典雅的原文硬是处理成典雅的译文，这同“信”是背道而驰的。
于是，后来的翻译理论家们给严复的“雅”换入了新的内容：保持原文的风格。
原文雅，译文也就雅；原文不雅，译文也就不雅。
郭沫若先生对严复提出的翻译标准作了这样的评论：“严复对翻译工作有很多贡献，他曾经主张翻译要具备信、达、雅三个条件。
我认为他这种主张是很重要的，也是很完备的。
翻译文学作品尤其需要注意第三个条例，因为译文同样应该是一件艺术品。
”（1954 年8 月在全国文学翻译工作会议上的讲话）1951 年，傅雷先生提出了文学翻译的“传神”论，这是比“信”、“达”、“雅”更高的翻译标准。
傅雷先生认为，“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
”译文同原文在内容上一致，这叫“意似”，是翻译的最低标准。
译文同原文如果能在形式上和精神上同时一致起来，或称“形似”和“神似”，这是翻译的高标准。
然而，由于文化上的差别，翻译中“形似”和“神似”往往不可兼得。
当这两者发生矛盾时，人们往往取显而易见的“形似”，而舍弃需要细心体会才能得到的“神似”。
应该说，在突出主题、渲染气氛等方面，“神似”所起的作用都要大大地超过“形似”。
因此，“神似”和“形似”不能兼顾时，我们应大胆地摆脱原文形式，着意追求译文与原文的“神似”。
冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》配套题库(含考研真题)(第3~4章)【圣才出品】
冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》配套题库（含考研真题）第三章语篇与翻译第一节衔接将下列句子翻译为英语，注意衔接手段的灵活使用。
1.乡镇工业园区己经成为我市乡镇企业“二次创业”的有效载体，极大地改善了企业的发展环境。
目前已有3772家企业进驻园区。
【译文】Township industrial zones provide solid vehicles for the city’s enterprises in running new businesses and greatly improve the setting for the development of such entities.So far,3,772establishments have found home in these quarters.【解析】译文添加了“so far”来保证句子的连贯，而且还采用了上下义词“entity”“establishment”。
2.无锡是南方江苏省的一个小城，位于南京和上海之间。
早在六千年前，就有一个原始部落在此定居。
现在的无锡始建于公元前二世纪，当时在城西南的西山开采出了锡矿。
锡矿发现后，人们就把这个地方称为“有锡”。
天长日久，锡矿挖完了，“有锡”便改成了“无锡”。
【译文】Wuxi,located mid-way between Nanjing and Shanghai,is a medium-sized city in Jiangsu Province,East China.Inhabited as early as6,000years ago by a tribe, it developed into a city in the2nd century B.C.The city was formerly called“youxi”, literally meaning“where there is tin”because,according to traditional account,tinwas discovered in Xishan Hill,southwest of the city.After the tin had been mined out,the name of the city“youxi”gave way to“wuxi”,meaning“where there is no tin any more”.【解析】代词it，重复词the city和连词because，after被用以实现句子的衔接和连贯。
刘季春《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)-技巧编【圣才出品】
【译文】 ①The motorcycle is light and handy. ②She is nimble in movement. ③You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
5. ①to cut wheat
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圣才电子书
②to cut cake
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
③to cut finger-nails
【译文】
①割麦子
②切蛋糕
③剪指甲
6. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved. 【译文】他是一个正直的人，但不幸背负着某种坏名声。我相信他这种坏名声是不该有的。
②This is a matter that troubles us not only because of its immediate impact.
【解析】influence 可用于广义上的影响，既可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。impact 多
用于消极的影响。
II. 试将下列英语词组和句子译成汉语，注意措辞。 1. ①a popular man
6. ①进行社会主义革命 ②进行一场激烈的争论 ③进行实地调查 ④进行亲切的谈话 ⑤进行侵略 ⑥进行协商
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翻译教材的例证问题：评《实用翻译教程》（第三版）
翻译教材的例证问题：评《实用翻译教程》（第三版）
李平
【期刊名称】《江苏外语教学研究》
【年(卷),期】2012(000)002
【摘要】冯庆华教授著的《实用翻译教程》自1997年出版发行以来，已经出至第三版，重印三十余次，其影响力自不待言。
众所周知，该翻译教材的一大特点是理论与实践的结合，即通过大量例子来说明翻译技巧的运用。
笔者认为，教材不仅仅是要提供知识，而且应该起到学术规范的示范作用，以免对学生和年轻教师产生负面影响。
本文作者根据个人的教学材料和学生的反馈意见，探讨该教材例证中存在的学术偏见和学术规范问题，并提出相应的建议，以供编者和同行参考。
【总页数】3页(P62-64)
【作者】李平
【作者单位】南京信息工程大学语言文化学院英语系
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G451.6
【相关文献】
1.翻译教材中的翻译问题--评《英汉翻译教程》及其指定辅导用书 [J], 黄卫峰
2.浅谈本科翻译教材中的翻译理论与翻译技巧的选用——以《英汉互译实用教程》与《英汉翻译基础教程》为例 [J], 王欣;黄远鹏
3.高职高专大学英语教学方法初探--兼评《新编实用英语综合教程》（第三版）[J], 李存
4.从《实用俄汉汉俄翻译教程》论翻译教材建设 [J], 纪春萍
5.翻译教材应严肃认真－－评《大学英语教程》第四册参考译文 [J], 张伊娜因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解
5.2课后习题 详解
5.3翻译示例 汇总
5.4考研真题 详解
6.1复习笔记 6.2课后习题详解
6.3翻译示例汇总 6.4考研真题详解
7.1复习笔记 7.2课后习题详解
7.3翻译示例汇总 7.4考研真题详解
8.1复习笔记 8.2课后习题详解
8.3翻译示例汇总 8.4考研真题详解
9.2课后习题详解
18.2课后习 题详解
18.3翻译示 例汇总
18.4考研真 题详解
作者介绍
这是《冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解》的读书笔记模板，暂无该书作者 的介绍。
读书笔记
这是《冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自 己的心得。
目录分析
1.2课后习题详解
1.1复习笔记
1.3翻译示例汇总
2.1复习笔记 2.2课后习题详解
2.3翻译示例汇总 2.4考研真题详解
3.1复习笔记 3.2课后习题详解
3.3翻译示例汇总 3.4考研真题详解
4.1复习笔记
4.2课后习题 详解
4.3翻译示例 汇总
4.4考研真题 详解
5.1复习笔记
精彩摘录
这是《冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自 己的精彩内容摘录。
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冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记 和课后习题（含考研真题）详解
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 读书笔记
目录
02 内容摘要 04 作者介绍 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
关键字分析思维导图
习题
示例
章节 书
冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)第二章 词法翻译【圣才出品】
第二章词法翻译2.1 具体翻译1. violence【译文】暴力事件2. confusion【译文】混乱状态3. individualism【译文】个人主义4. public security【译文】社会治安问题5. inflation【译文】通货膨胀问题6. trade volume【译文】成交情况7. independence【译文】独立地位8. R&D【译文】研发活动9. to do evil things openly【译文】明火执仗10. to be full of anxiety and worry【译文】牵肠挂肚11. a great and thorough-going change 【译文】翻天覆地的变化12. great in momentum and irresistible 【译文】声势浩大，不可阻挡13. A good conscience is a soft pillow. 【译文】良心过得去，睡觉才安稳。
14. Love lives in cottages as well as courts.【译文】爱情不分贵贱。
15. You should not show your hand to a stranger.【译文】对陌生人要保持戒心。
16. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.【译文】请不要惹是生非。
17. I have no head for music.【译文】我没有音乐方面的天赋。
18. Vietnam War was his entree to the new Administration as a foreign policy consultant.【译文】越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖，他成了新政府的对外政策顾问。
19. Action and foresight will be needed as well as learning and reputation.【译文】不但需要德高望重的学者，而且需要有远见卓识的实干家。
冯庆华《实用英汉翻译》目录
理论篇第一章总论一、翻译的定义二、翻译的目的三、翻译的标准四、翻译的条件第二章语义翻译一、理解中的选义二、表达中的选词三、翻译中的灵活性四、翻译中的多样性五、直译与意译第三章词法翻译一、对等译法二、具体译法三、抽象译法四、增词译法五、省词译法六、合词译法七、转性译法八、换形译法九、褒贬译法第四章句法翻译一、换序译法二、断句译法三、转句译法四、合句译法五、缩句译法六、转态译法七、正反译法第五章成语与翻译一、英语成语汉译二、汉语成语英译三、翻译中汉语四字格的使用四、翻译中英语成语的使用五、谚语的翻译六、惯用语的翻译七、歇后语英译八、俚语的翻译第六章辞格与翻译一、直译法(一)明喻；暗喻；拟人；夸张(二)讳饰；转喻；省略；折绕(三)移就；呼告；递升；递降；反语(四)跳脱；排比；设问；反问；谲辞二、意译法(一)拟声；对偶；断取；脚韵(二)析数；同字；双关；顶真(三)统括；列锦；拈连；精警(四)借代；倒装；摹形；反复三、弥补法(一)联边；头韵；转品；歇后(二)回文；别解；换义；镶字(三)析字；析词；叠字；仿词；紧缩第七章计算机辅助翻译研究一、高频词(一)原作的高频词(二)译作的高频词二、特色词三、独特词研究篇第八章多种译本研究一、《理想的丈夫》二、《哈姆雷特》三、莎士比亚十四行诗四、割麦女五、当年我俩分手时附加练习：丁尼生短诗多种汉译比较六、《傲慢与偏见》(节选之一)七、《傲慢与偏见》(节选之二)八、《飘》(节选之一)九、《飘》(节选之二)十、怎样读书十一、葛底斯堡演说词十二、《魂断蓝桥》(选段)十三、《泰坦尼克号》(选段)附加练习：一句电影台词的多种汉译比较十四、画蛇添足十五、苛政猛于虎十六、嗟来之食十七、<<邓小平文选》第三卷(节选之一)十八、《邓小平文选》第三卷(节选之二) 十九、《邓小平文选》第三卷(节选之三) 二十、瑞云二十一、邓颖超致宋美龄的信二十二、廖承志致蒋经国的信第九章译者的风格一、杨宪益、戴乃迭翻译风格研究(一)阿Q逞强(《阿Q正传》节选)(二)孔明借箭(《三国演义》节选)(三)悟空借扇(《西游记》节选)(四)宝玉诉衷肠(《红楼梦》节选之一)(五)黛玉吐真情(《红楼梦》节选之二)(六)促织二、王佐良翻译风格研究(一)谈读书(二)谈美(三)《雷雨》(选段)三、许渊冲翻译风格研究(一)静夜思(二)春晓(三)登鹳雀楼(四)虞美人(五)卜算子(六)声声慢(七)钗头凤(八)长恨歌(九)林黛玉葬花辞第十章比较文学与翻译一、MISSU．S．A二、漂亮的三丫头第十一章回译练习实践篇第十二章文体与翻译附录fdsfFCVXZV。
冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)第五章 文体与翻译【圣才出品】
第五章文体与翻译5.1 应用文体Practice 1【参考译文】Practice 2Self-proclaimed as defenders of democracy and rule of law, the United States has been pursuing double standards in practice. They never hesitated to use heavy police and forces to suppress the “Occupy Wall Street” movement at home while beautifying violent crimes in China’s Hong Kong as “seeking human rights and freedoms”, distorting the law enforcement, fighting of crime and maintenance o fsocial order by the Hong Kong police as “violent suppression”, and smearing the justice expression by the Chinese businesses and citizens as being forced by the Chinese government to “take side”.This is a flagrant betrayal of the core spirit of democracy and rule of law and the human conscience recognized by the international community. In any democratic or civilized society or country, any demonstration must be submitted in accordance with legal procedures and carried out in a peaceful and orderly manner in a designated place. It must not impair the freedom and personal safety of the public, and must not undermine social public order, let alone use violence or attack police with force. No civilization or society under rule of law will tolerate such violence. This is true in any democratic country or region under rule of law, including South Africa, and western countries such as the USA and Britain are no exception.It is a basic requirement of any society under rule of law to enforce laws and regulations and prosecute any illegal acts. No claim can be expressed in an illegal way, let alone resorting to violence. Violence is violence. It is illegal to break the law. Its nature will never change because it is in different countries or regions.Recently, all sectors of Hong Kong society step forward to call for urgent restoration of social order and rule of law, maintaining prosperity and opposing violence. They denounced violence against police, tourists and journalists, and urged protesters stop illegal and violent actions as soon as possible. This has become the mainstream public opinion in Hong Kong.Hong Kong is China’s Hong Kong, but also a global financial center and aviation hub. The US and other western countries have a large number of commercial interest in Hong Kong. It is in the interests of all parties to safeguard the rule of law, stability and prosperity of Hong Kong. Destabilizing or disrupting Hong Kong serves no one’s interest. An early restoration of the rule of law and stability and prosperity in HK not only serves the common interests of all the Chinese people in Hong Kong, but also serves the common interests of peoples all over the world. It has also become the common responsibility of China and the rest of the world.The Chinese government will continue to firmly support the Hong Kong SAR government in governing according to laws, firmly support the Hong Kong judicial and law-enforcement institutions in punishing violent crime and prosecuting violent offenders for criminal responsibility in accordance with law, restore social order and rule of law as soon as possible, and maintain stability and prosperity of Hong Kong.Hong Kong’s future and destiny are in the hands of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Hong Kong. It is our strong hope and belief that the Hong Kong SAR government and people will unite together to resolutely resist external interference and restore and safeguard the rule of law in Hong Kong at an early date.【参考译文】美国自诩为民主、法治的捍卫者，但始终奉行双重标准。
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华
汉英翻译根底教程第一章汉英词汇比拟与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比拟与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比拟与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比拟与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出以下词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译以下句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译以下各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
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第三章句法翻译3.1 换序译法一、将下列词组和句子翻译成汉语，注意语序的调整1. a high red brick wall【译文】一堵红砖高墙2. particles moving around their atomic nucleus【译文】环绕原子核运动的粒子3. a building project of high-rise apartment houses【译文】一个多层公寓大楼的建筑项目4. small and medium-sized countries【译文】中小国家5. quite an attractive triangle green stamp【译文】非常吸引人的一枚绿色的三角邮票6. After spending $1.5 bn so far this year on acquisitions such as , a fast-growing online community, and IGN Entertainment, a games and contentsite, Mr. Murdoch disputed the recent claim by Sir Martin Sorrell, chief executive of WPP, that some traditional media owners were panic buying new media assets. 【译文】迄今为止，默多克先生已花费15亿美元进行收购，如收购快速成长的网络社区，以及游戏和内容网站IGN Entertainment。
默多克先生反驳了WPP首席执行官马丁索雷尔爵士最近的说法：一些传统媒体的所有者在恐慌性收购新媒体资产。
【解析】原句中My ，IGN Entertainment，Martin Sorrell后面都跟有同位语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时应将同位语提前翻译，修饰名词。
7.It’s a bit fishy that he should have given away a mattress like that.【译文】他竟然把那样的床垫送人，这可有点儿叫人怀疑。
8. The digits on the screen of the electronic watch tell us time.【译文】电子表屏幕上的数字告诉我们时间。
9. Oxygen is a gas which unites with many substances.【译文】氧是一种能和许多物质化合的气体。
10. He was not at ease with, those who made diplomacy their profession, particularly ambassadors.【译文】他同那班以外交为职业的人特别是大使们搞不来。
11. The trend estimates available for maternal mortality indicates the lack ofsufficient progress towards Target A of MDG 5, which seeks a 75 per cent reduction in the maternal mortality ratio between 1990 and 2015.【译文】千年发展目标第五项的具体目标A是到2015年孕产妇死亡率比1990年下降75%，但孕产妇死亡率的发展趋势表明目前还未取得长足进步。
【解析】原句为主从复合句，the trend estimates是主句的主语，谓语是indicates，主句中含有两个介词短语，第一个for maternal mortality作定语，另一个towards Target A of MDG 5作宾语补足语，之后是which引导的非限定性定语从句，并将时间状语between 1990 and 2015放在了句末。
按照中文的行文习惯，次要信息在前，重心在后的原则，汉译时语序需做适当调整，故可采用倒置法。
12. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.【译文】那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
【解析】这里将修饰the sun的非限制性定语从句前置翻译，使之更符合汉语表达习惯。
13. China still lags behind the advanced countries in terms of economic development.【译文】从经济发展方向看，中国仍落后于先进国家。
14. It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain.【译文】从山顶远眺，湖光山色，尽收眼底；这儿风景绝佳，遐迩闻名。
【解析】原句被切分成三部分，或三个相对完整的翻译单位。
from the summit of the mountain这一介词短语，译成汉语无主句的一个分句；for the fine views这一介词短语，译成一个主谓结构，构成一个分句。
译者从最后一个介词短语译起，倒着译到第二个介词短语，最后才译原句主谓结构。
15. You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself.【译文】知己知彼，百战不殆。
16. I’m sure that it is a better book as a result of his keeping my nose to the grindstone.【译文】我相信，要不是他逼我埋头修改工作，本书就不可能像现在这个样子了。
17. Also, we don’t want to rely on hue as the sole communication vector, since color-blindness is quite common.【译文】此外，由于存在着色盲现象，因此我们也不能依赖颜色，把它当作是唯一的传达矢量。
18. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devourall our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.【译文】假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们，昆虫会吞噬我们所有的庄稼，害死我们所有的牛羊家畜，使我们不能生存于世。
19. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent hisvacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in the South.【译文】他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。
【解析】原文中的“在南方从事一项建筑工程”放在句子的最后部分，但是事情发生的时间却在最先；在格鲁吉亚度假也是回来以前的事情，但是叙述中却放在回来这一件事之后。
而在汉语参考译文中则是按照时间的先后顺序进行排列。
20. It remains to be seen whether her parliamentary colleagues will agree.【译文】她的国会同僚是否同意，现在还无从知晓。
21. It was our view that the United States could be effective in both the tasksoutlined by the President—that is, of ending hostilities as well as of making a contribution to a permanent peace in the Middle East—if we conducted ourselves so that we could remain in permanent contact with all of these elements in the quotation.【译文】如果我们采取行动以便能够继续在中东问题各方始终保持接触，那么我们美国就能有效地担当起总统所提出的两项任务，那就是在中东结束敌对行动以及对该地区的永久和平做出贡献。
这就是我们的观点。
【解析】原句由一个主句、一个同位语从句和两个状语从句组成。
这句话一共有四层意思，①这是我们的观点；②美国能够有效地担当起总统提出的两项任务……；③如果我们采取行动；④以便能够继续与中东问题各方始终保持接触的话。
按照中文的表达习惯，通常是条件在前，事实在后，所以在本句中，可以将条件状语提前进行翻译。
二、将下列词组和句子翻译成英语，注意语序的调整1. 荣誉退休教授【译文】professor emeritus2. 政治团体【译文】the body politic3. 桂冠诗人【译文】poet laureate4. 待嫁的新娘【译文】the bride elect5. 确凿的证据【译文】proof positive6. 混战/殊死战/长时间的恶斗【译文】a battle royal。