全新版大学英语快速阅读1原文

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全新版大学英语视听阅读Unit 1 Text B

苏珊只有十三岁，非常天真无邪。
Susan is only thirteen years old and very innocent.
pat: n. a light touch with the open hand The coach gave him a pat on the shoulder. 他在狗的头上拍了一下。
Valediction: Valediction is also called valedictory address. It is the closing or farewell statement delivered at a grቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱduation ceremony. It is an oration (正式演说) at commencement exercises (毕业典礼) in U.S. high schools, colleges, and universities delivered by one of the graduates.
represent: vt. be a sign or symbol of Each class will elect two students to represent them on the School Council. 六百多名运动员代表中国参加了2008北京奥运会。 More than six hundred athletes represented China in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
resign: v. officially tell your employer that you are going to leave your job Mr. Smith resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job. Idiom: resign oneself to sth. / doing sth.: make yourself accept sth. that is bad but cannot be changed John resigned himself to the long walk home. 十六岁那年，我接受了自己不能成为一名舞蹈家的现实。 At sixteen, I resigned myself to the fact that I’d never be a dancer.

《全新版大学英语(第二版)快速阅读1》部分原文

《全新版大学英语(第二版)快速阅读1》部分原文A Country of ImmigrantsAs you walk along the street in any American city,you see many different faces.You see oriental faces of the United States,a country of immigrants from all over the world.Immigrants are people who leave one country to live permanently in another country.The first immigrants came to North America in the 1600s from northern European countries such as England and Holland.These people generally hadlight skin and light hair.They came to live in North America because they wanted religious freedom.In the 1700s and early 1800s immigrants continued to move from Europe to the United States.At this time there was one group of unwilling immigrants,black Africans.These people were tricked or forced to come to the United States,where they worked on the large farms in thesouth.The blacks had no freedom;they were slaves.In the 1800s many Chinese and Irish immigrants came to the United States.They came because of economic or political problems in their countries.The most recent immigrants to the UnitedStates,the Indochinese,Cubans,and Central Americans also came because of economic or political problems in their own countries.Except for theblacks,most of these immigrants thought of the United States as a land of opportunities,of a chance for freedom and new lives.In the United States,these immigrants looked for help from other immigrants who shared the same background,language,andreligion.Therefore,there are neighborhoods in each U.S. city made up almost entirely of one ethnic or racial group.There are all Italian,all Puerto Rican,or all Irish neighborhoods in many East Coast cities and all Mexican neighborhoods in the Southwest.In Dearborn,Michigan,there is a large group of Lebanese.There are racial neighborhoods such as oriental Chinatown in New York.There are also neighborhoods with a strong religious feeling such as a Jewish part of Brooklyn in New York.And,of course,there are economic neighborhooddivisions;in American cities very often poor people do not live in the same neighborhoods as rich people.This wide variety of neighborhoods in the cities is a reflection of the different groups in American society. American society is a mixture ofracial,language,cultural,religious,and economicgroups.People sometimes call America a melting pot and compare its society to a soup with many different ingredients.The ingredients (differentraces,cultures,religions,and economicgroups)supposedly mix together to make a smooth soup.But,in reality,there are a few lumps left in the soup.Andrew CarnegieOne of the captains of industry of 19th century America,AndrewCarnegie,helped build the American steel industry,a process that turned a poor young man into one of the richestentrepreneurs of his age. Later in his life,Carnegie sold hie steel business and systematically gave his fortune away to cultural,educational and scientific institutions for “the improvement of mankind.”Carnegie was born in Dunfermline,Scotland,in 1835.The town was a center of the linenindustry,and Andrew?s father was a weaver,a profession the young Carnegie was expected to follow.But the industrial revolution that would later make Carnegie the richest man in the world,destroyed the weavers? craft.When the steam-powered looms came to Dunfermline in 1847,hundreds of handloom weavers became unemployed.Andrew?s mother opened a small grocery shop and mended shoes to support the family.“I began to learn what poverty meant,”Andrew would later write.”It was burnt into my heart then that my father had to beg for work.And then and there came the determination that I would cure when I got to be a man.”The family moved to the United States in 1848,and began a new life inPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.William Carnegie secured work in a cotton factory and his son Andrew took work in the same building as a bobbin boy for $1.20 a ter,Carnegie worked as a messenger boy in the city?s telegraphoffice.He did each job to the best of his ability and seized every opportunity to take on new responsibilities.For example,he memorized Pittsburgh?s street layout as well as the important name and addresses of those he delivered to.Carnegie often was asked to deliver messages to the theater.He arranged to make these deliveries at night-and stayed on to watch plays by Shakespeare and other great writers.In what would be a life-long pursuit of knowledge,Carnegie also took advantage of a small library that a local benefactor made available to working boys.One of the men Carnegie met at the telegraph office was ThomasA.Scott,then a director at Pennsylvania Railroad.Scott was taken by the young worker and referred to him as “my boy Andy,”hiring him as his private secretary and personal telegrapher at $35 a month.“I couldn?t imagine,”Carnegie said many years later,”what I could ever do with so muchmoney.”Carnegie was always eager to shoulder new responsibilities,and he worked his way up the ladder in Pennsylvania Railroad and succeeded Scott as head of the Pittsburgh Division.As the outbreak of the Civil War,Scott was responsible for military transportation for the North and Carnegie worked as his right-hand man.The Civil War fueled the iron industry,and by the time the war wasover,Carnegie saw thepotential in the field and resigned from Pennsylvania Railroad.It was one of many brave moves that would typify Carnegie?s life in industry and earn him his fortune.He then turned his attention to the Keystone Bridge Company,which worked to replace wooden bridges with stronger iron ones.In three years he had an annual income of $50,000.Carnegie would continue making huge amounts of money for the next 30 years.To improve the efficiency of his steel plant,Carnegie would make use of the Bessemer Process,which was the first cheap process for mass-producing steel.Carnegie threw his own money into the process and even borrowed heavily to build a new steel plant near Pittsburgh.Carnegie was strict in keeping down costs and managed by the saying “watch costs and the profits take care of themselves.”“I thi nk Carnegie?s genius was first of all,an ability to foresee how things were going tochange,”says historian John Ingram. “Once he saw that something was of potential benefit to him,he was willing to invest enormously in it.”Still,Carnegie?s steel plants developed rapidly,and by 1900,Carnegie Steel produced more of the metal than all of Great Britain.That was also the year that financier J.P.Morgan issued a major challenge to Carnegie?s steel empire.While Carnegie believed he could beat Morgan in a battle that couldlast five,10 or 15 years,the fight did not appeal to the 64-year-old man eager to spend more time with his wife Louise,whom he had married in 1886 at the age of 51,and their daughter,Margaret.Carnegie wrote the asking price for his steel business on a piece of paper and had one of hismanagers deliver the offer to Morgan.Morgan accepted immediately,buying the company for $480 million. “Congratulations,Mr.Carnegie,”Morgan said to Carnegie when they finali zed the deal, “you are now the richest man in the world.”Carnegie liked to say that “the man who dies rich dies disgraced,”and turned his attention to giving away his fortune.He disliked charity,and instead put his money to use helping others help themselves.That was the reason he spent much of his fortune on establishing over 2,500 publiclibraries as well as supporting institutions of higher learning.By the time Carnegie?s life was over,he gave away 350million dollars.I.M.PeiI.M.Pei is sitting in his living room and is talking about architecture or the designing of buildings. “It is not just an idea,but the way in which that idea is done,that is important.This is what I mean by the ?architecture of ideas.?I worry that ideas and the practice of architecture as a profession,as a business,do not come together often enough.”He stops,then adds: “Maybe my early training set me back.Maybe it made me too practical.”That is an unexpected comment from a man like Pei,who runs a business that employs manypeople and has important customers all over the world.I.M.Pei questioning the value of money.Yet his company,I.M.Pei &Partners,is more than just abusiness that designs buildings.It has always tried to bring together beauty and art with business sense,and today it is probably the leaderamong American architecture companies that do very well both artistically and commercially.It is hard enough to become well know either as an artistic or as a business success in architecture:to do so as both is unusual and surprising.I.M.Pei,a leader in his field for more than thirty years,seems to get better and busier as the years go by.One reason for his success is that he is well known as a kind and thoughtful person.But it is also because of the seriousness of his work.He believes in improving on and developing from styles and designs that have been used before,not in newness for its ownpanies hire himbecause they believe that his designs are strong and modern without being shocking.Pei?s style is based on geometric forms,like most of the architecture of modern times.But he has continued to use these forms while other important architects have begun to change theirstyles,making use of the forms of architecture from other countries and other periods in history.Ieoh Ming Pei was born in China in 1917,but he calls himself “an American architect -absolutely.”He went to the United States in 1935 to studyarchitecture,and remained there because of the war.In the late1940s he got a very good job and decided to become an American citizen.He has lived in New York since then,but he never forgotten the land of his childhood.In 1978 Pei was invited to design s hotel in China.It was a very difficult thing for him to do beca use “there seems to be only two choices - either to copy the old Chinese style with red columns and golden roofs or to build modern Western buildings.I do not think either of these is right.There has to be a third way.”Pei?s “third way”is very much li ke traditional Chinese architecture.It uses the same kinds ofmaterials and forms,and is only different in one important aspect:it well have a flat roof instead of a curved one because that kind is safer and less expensive.In New York City,IM.Pei&Partners will build a convention center,that is,a large building for meetings and shows that will be much bigger than the hotel in Beijing,and in some ways much simpler.In fact,the biggest problem is that the center may look too much like a large box.Therefore they are working to create a number of public areas within the one huge space.These will be used for other things even when there are no special meetings or shows,and will make the building itself into a tourist attraction.It is possible that Pei?s way of working may soon change,becoming morelike one or the other of the two major modern directions.He might decide to make more use of the styles and ideas of the architecture of older cultures (as he did with his hotel in China)or he might decide to treat his buildings even more artistically (as he did the Kennedy Library in Boston).But it does not seem likely that Pei?s work will move strongly in either direction.He believes his work gives hiscustomers what they want and he tries to make his buildings fit the jobs they are supposed to do.Internet Love Can WorkI had heard of the chat room on the Internet,but it had never appealed to me.Talking to total strangers that you cannot see struck me as too strange.One day I was surfing the net,when Idiscovered MSN?s chat rooms and making up a nickname decided to just watch and see what all the fuss was about.There on the screen were twenty or so people who were chatting away about anything and everything.As I studied the conversations,afraid to join on and expose myself as a “newbie”,I was drawn to one person.She was intelligent,witty and expressed a love of the UK,my home.Her name was Linda and she was from California,a part of the States I had never seen butwas interested in.So summoning up all my courage,I said hi and introduced myself.We began to chat and I found that it was very relaxed to the point that I was amazed when the conversation ended.We had been chatting for two whole hours,totally ignoring everyone else in the room.We parted company,saying that we hoped we would bump into each other again.All that next day,I wondered ifthat was just a polite goodbye or if she really wanted to continue our conversation.That evening I logged on,half of me hoping Linda would be there,the other half afraid that she wouldn?t.Sure enough,she wasn?t in the chat room and I sat at the computer screen only half reading the conversations that flashed up before me.Then Linda?s name appeared and with the usual “Hi room”, she said “Hi Vince”.My life suddenly became brighter in that instant.I kepttelling myself it was crazy,here was a woman I only just met,hardly knew and yet I had missed her all day.We chatted again,and the hours vanished,with the other chatters leaving us alone in the room.I had dated quite a few times in my then twenty-five years of life,but never had anyone taken my interest so completely as this stranger from across the sea.We discussed everything,ourlikes,dislikes,our troubles and our pleasures and the more we talked the more amazed we became at how much we had in common.Weeks went by and every evening we would meet up and talk,the two hours becoming three,then four.We exchanged pictures,but were both afraid we would blow it by doing so.And ,as I looked at her picture on my screen,I was amazed at the fact that no one had snapped up this American beauty in the years since her graduation from college.The weeks had become months and we both admitted we had feelings for each other,our friendship becoming something far greater.Then came the time that anyone who ever had an Internet relationship will know...the meeting.Linda had said that she would fly to the UK to meet me,but I insisted that I flew to the States.I explained to her my fears that should she come to me and for some reason we didn?t hit it off,then she would be a woman alone in a strange country where as for a guy it wouldn?t be so bad.Linda finally agreed and a week or two later I found myself on a plane winging my way to San Diego.We had arranged that I would be met by her brother who would drop me off at my hotel and that I would ring her once I had freshened up and she would come over and we would go out for a meal.Forty five minutes of pacing up and down after I made the call,there was a knock on the door.I opened the door to the most beautiful woman I had ever known.Both of us were nervous when we kissed hello.We looked into each other?s eyes and thatkiss became another filled with all the emotions that had developed over the months of online chatting.I stayed for two weeks taking Linda out after she finished work at the local hospital.And we fell head over heels in love.I returned home,and missed Linda like crazy,the online chat now seeming so pale in comparison with holding the woman I loved in my arms.Linda missed me too and so I jumped on a plane and went back this time for a month.This went on for five visits and each time I would extend my return ticket because we couldn?t bear to part.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

大学英语快速阅读1 (刘四平祝捷著) 武汉大学出版社

Unit 8 Life & Health
m In-Class Reading o 1. You Have A Cold! (516 words) c Key: 1. NG 2. N 3. Y 4. Y 5. N aw. 2.Protein (522 words) d Key: 1. the tissues 2. basic units 3. protein-rich foods 4. incomplete 5. your weight kh After-Class Reading . 1. Yoga (957 words) www Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B
After-Class Reading 1. The Internet: What Lies Ahead? (1,074 words) Key: 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B
2.New Genes – New Hope Or Future Disaster? (1,154 words) Key: 1. B 2. A 3. C 4.D 5. D
课 2. “Of My Friend Hector and My Achilles’ Heel” (1,042 words)
Key: 1. C 2. B 3.A 4. D 5. A
Unit 7 Science and Technology
In-Class Reading 1. Wireless Wearable (500 words) Key: 1.N 2. Y 3. Y 4. NG 5.N
2.Tennis, Then and Now (986 words) Key: 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B

全新版大学英语快速阅读英汉对照UNIT1

Unit 1A-1Alone in the Arctic Cold一个人在北极严寒Day had broken exceedingly cold and gray, when the man turned aside from the main Yukon 一天打碎了非常寒冷和灰色,当那个人偏离主要育空trail and climbed the slope, where a dim and little-traveled trail led eastward through the试验和爬上斜坡,在那里的是一个朦胧而过去向东穿过了踪迹pine forest. The slope was steep, and he paused for breath at the top. There was no sun nor 松林之间。

坡率陡峭,而且他停顿了一下喘不过气来保持最佳的状态。

没有太阳和hint of sun, though there was not a cloud in the sky. It was a clear day, and yet there缕阳光,尽管他天空无云。

这是一个晴朗的日子,但在那里seemed to be a mist over the face of things, that made the day dark. This fact did not worry 似乎是一个蒙上了一层水汽表面看来,把这天黑暗。

这个事实不担心the man. He was used to the lack of sun.那个人。

他被用来缺乏阳光。

The man looked back along the way he had come. The Yukon River lay a mile wide and hidden 那人回头而且他已经来了。

育空河打下英里宽藏起来了under three feet of ice. On top of this ice were as many feet of snow. It was unbroken以下3英尺的冰。

全新版大学英语快速阅读第一册 Unit10(素文整理)

Unit 10I. Directions: Read the following passages, and then select the best choice for each of thequestions or incomplete statements.Passage 1The world is running out of oil, and energy experts believe that there could be serious shortages in ten years' time. Governments are searching for a suitable alternative, but so far it has been in vain. They are considering how they can make better use of the two other major fuels, coal and natural gas, but they have found that neither can take the place of oil in terms of economy. In recent years, there has been a growing concern for the environment and coal is not a popular fuel with environmentalists. Coal mines are ugly, and their development has a serious effect on animal and plant life; coal itself is a heavy pollutant. Natural gas, the purest of the three fuels, is also the most limited in supply.The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations. They need very little fuel to produce enormous amount of power and they do not pollute the atmosphere. Their dangers, however, are so great and the cost of building them is so high that some governments are unwilling to invest in them. Not only could one accident in a single nuclear power station spread as much radioactivity as a thousand Hiroshima (广岛) atom bombs, but the radioactive waste from these stations is extremely dangerous--for one hundred thousand years. So is there no possible alternative to nuclear power?Well, there are several, but none of them seems likely to satisfy future world energy demands. Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural sources of energy: the sun, the sea, the wind and hot springs. Of these the sun seems the most promising source for the future. Houses have already been built which are heated entirely by solar (太阳的) energy. However, solar energy can only be collected during daylight hours, and in countries where the weather is unreliable, an alternative heating system has to be included. Another source of energy which could be more widely used is that generated by water or steam from under the earth. This form of energy is already being used in New Zealand, Iceland, and very successfully in Italy, where it in fact generates a quarter of the nation's electricity. Many scientists are optimistic (乐观的) that new ways of generating large amounts of energy will be successfully developed, but at the same time they fear the consequences. If the world population goes on increasing at its present rate, and eachindividual continues to use more energy every year, in fifty years' time, we would damage the earth's atmosphere. We can all help to protect the environment by not wasting energy, and make the world a cleaner, healthier place for future generations.(Words: 441)1. The energy experts have done the following to find solutions to energy shortagesEXCEPT_____.A) looking for other fuels to replace oilB) planning more nuclear power stationsC) considering natural resourcesD) considering geothermal energy2. By saying "coal is not a popular fuel with environmentalists" the writer meansthat _____.A) coal is more expensive than natural gasB) coal causes environmental problemsC) coal is more and more difficult to findD) coal mines are ugly3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Nuclear power is a safe and reliable energy source.B) Solar energy is always available as a source of energy.C) Water and steam energy has been successfully used in some countries.D) The real solution to energy crisis lies in natural sources of energy.4. What are scientists' attitudes towards new energy exploration?A) Optimistic. B) Pessimistic. C) Fearful. D) Mixed.5. What can ordinary people do to help protect the environment?A) Develop more energy.B) Keep the population from increasing rapidly.C) Conserve energy.D) Clean up the world.Passage 2What will cities of the future be like? Will they have the same problems as our present cities? Or will they be wonderful places to live in? What cities of the future will be like depends on how we plan cities today.People-called city planners look for ways to solve city problems. As city planners are specialists, they look ahead to the future. They look for ways to help cities to grow. Sometimes, they even plan whole new cities.City planners worry about the problems of CBDs (Central Business District). How can these busy areas meet the needs of both people and businesses? The city of Fresno, California, has worked out good answers to this question. Not long ago, the CBD there was crowded and ugly. It was hard to walk there because there were so many cars and trucks. And shoppers had no room to park.However, Fresno's city planners decided to change the city's CBD. First, they made it much nicer to look at. They planted trees. They built fountains, walkways, and play areas. Then they fixed up the older buildings in the CBD and even built new ones.Then the city planners said that no cars could drive into the CBD. People could park their cars in nearby garage, but they either had to walk into the CBD or drive in little electric cars.Today, Fresno's CBD is a good place to visit. It is very nice to walk in, and it has many pretty things to look at.Many cities today do not have enough space for new buildings. All their land is used up. One way to find space is to look in a new direction--up. All cities have a lot of unused air space. A few years ago, an airline wanted to put up a new building. They wanted to build it in the center of Manhattan Island. But Manhattan is the most crowded part of New York City. Unused land on Manhattan would have been very hard to find.The airline solved its problem by using air space. That is, they put up their building over another building. The company's new building was built over a train station.(Words: 367)1. According to the passage, city planners do the following jobs EXCEPT _____.A) solving city problemsB) designing city spacesC) building modem housesD) planning whole new cities2. From the passage, we learn that a fine city depends on _____.A) future plannersB) careful planningC) the improvement of CB DD) house construction3. Which of the following was NOT adopted by city planners to change the Fresno's CBD?A) They built more parking lots.B) They planted more trees.C) They built areas for entertainment.D) They made it more beautiful.4. How did the airline solve the problem of constructing a building in crowded Manhattan?A) They built more walkways.B) They fixed up older buildings.C) They found space underground.D) They used the air space above an existing building.5. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A) the same city problems of today will exist with future citiesB) future cities will be pleasant places to live inC) the look of future cities depends on how we use air space todayD) there will be more tall buildings in future citiesII. Directions: Read the following passages, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).Passage 3Just look around at any school or shopping mall and you'll see (and hear) one thing for sure' Teens are head over heels for cell phones. By 2005, two out of three Americans between the ages of 10 and 19 will be mobile, say experts at the Boston-based research firm, Yankee Group. Yet a troubling question dogs (困绕，纠缠) cell phone use: Do the phones possibly cause brain cancer?Two new studio--- one funded by the cell phone industry and the US government, the other by the National Cancer institute--- claim' Probably not.The studies compared 1,251 brain cancer patients with 1,221 cancer-free people. All subjects were short-term cell phone users who chatted less than three hours per month and owned a cell phone for three years. Neither study proved a conclusive (决定性的) link between using cell phones and brain cancer. "But these studies don't answer the question, is it absolutely impossible for cell phones to cause brain cancer?" says John Molders, a cancer specialist at the Medical College of Wisconsin.Yet not all scientists agree cell phones are harmless. Previous research has shown a possible link between cell phones and brain cancer in animals, says Louis Slewing, editor of Microwave News. The issue is far from settled, he says.Cell phones emit all invisible type of energy called radiowaves. When you speak into a digital cell phone, your vocal vibrations are convened into digital signals (a series of on-off pulses). The phone's antenna (天线) then transmits the signals as radiowaves, which bounce between radio towel's and satellites in orbit above Earth.While both sending and receiving calls, your cell phone emits a tiny amount of energy--- less than one watt (energy unit per second)--- next to your head. Many experts think radiowaves are harmless, even at that close range. Others, however, think, "The jury (裁决) is still out."(Words: 304)( ) 1. Two-thirds of Americans will use mobile phone by 2005.( ) 2. There's still no definite conclusion as to whether cell phones cause brain cancer. ( ) 3. A research proves that the use of cell phones causes brain cancer in animals. ( ) 4. Cell phones transmit vocal vibrations from one to another.( ) 5. Experts are divided about the harmlessness of radiowaves.Passage 4Electronic computers are among the fastest and most useful instruments for sorting and comparing now in use. Computers provide the means for greater speed and accuracy in working with ideas than had previously been possible. With the development of these new tools, it is as if we have suddenly become millionaires of the mind.Although we have been growing mentally richer ever since we developed the ability to think, the electronic computer allows and will continue to allow us to perform tremendous "mental" tasks in a relatively short time. Great scientists of the past produced ideas which were the foundation for great advances, but their ideas sometimes had to wait for years before they were sufficiently (足够地) well-understood to be of practical use. With the computer, the ideas of today's scientists can be studied, tested, distributed, and used more rapidly than ever before.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with the great amount of information we have now. The repeated actions of preparing, sorting, filing, distributing, and keeping track of records and publications can be as troublesome as calculating. Errors occur because humans can grow tired and can be distracted (分心的).The basic job of computers is the tireless processing of such information. For this reason, computers can be defined as devices which accept information, perform mathematical or logical operations with the information, and then supply the results of these operations as new information.The future use and development of computers will depend on our own cleverness and skills. After all, we created computers, and we will continue to improve them.(Words: 265)( ) 1. The new tool of computer helps many people become millionaires.( ) 2. Today, ideas of scientists may be put into practical use much more quickly. ( ) 3. Errors may occur in calculations because some calculations are too troublesome. ( ) 4. The writer believes that the computer is a revolutionary tool.( ) 5. In the future, computers can improve and update themselves.III. Directions: Read the following passages, and then fill in the blanks with the missing information.Passage 5Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way to prevent traffic accidents, or they can count the number of times the word "and" has been used in the Bible. Because they work accurately and at high speeds, they save research workers years of hard work.This process by which machines can be used to work for us has been called automation. "Automation" was a word coined in the 1940s, and while the word was new, the idea was not. We know of the automatic valves (阀门) and their role in the develop- ment of the steam engine. Long before that, during the Middle Ages, windmills (风车) had been made to turn by taking advantage of changes in the wind by means of devices that worked automatically.We now use the term "automation" for specific techniques combined to operate automatically in a complete system. In the future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences.Some time ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could "think." That is, there is no possibility that human beings will be "controlled by machines." Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving on their performance, they need detailed instructions from human beings in order to operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives, or "rule the world" by making decisions of their own.Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be small enough to carry in the pocket. Computers could be plugged (插入) into a national network and be used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions; car drivers could be given alternative routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications. Computers are the most efficient servants we have ever had, and there is nolimit to the way they can be used to improve our lives.(Words: 403)1. With the computer's __________ scientists save years of hard work.2. The writer used automatic valves and windmills as examples to show __________.3. The computers need __________ in order to operate.4. The size of future computers would be __________.5. The last paragraph is mainly about __________.Passage 6We are an expanding company, and we are now moving into the world market.We require:(1) Manufacturing Manager●Higher Certificate/Diploma, or above, in Mechanical/Electrical/ElectronicEngineering, or relevant discipline (学科)●Minimum 10 years working experience in manufacturing management, and familiarwith computer planning and production scheduling. Knowledge of BPCS is a plus.●Must manage about 500 workers.(2) Material Purchasing Manager●Experience in marketing would be an advantage.●Good communication skills and excellent customer skills are a must.(3) Project Manager●Experience in Mechanical/Electrical~lectronic Engineering or relevant field(4) Software Engineer/Computer Programmer●At least 4 years' experience in MS-DOS and MS-Windows programming●Familiarity with MRP system and knowledge of Lotus, as well as Windows BPCS forworkgroup will be an advantage. Must program in C, C++.(5) Designer●Polytechnic (综合性工艺大学) I. graduate●Three years' working experience and familiarity with office equipment and electronicproducts design. Understanding of Europe and Asia markets is preferred.(6) Secretary to Board of Directors●Good command of spoken English and French●Shorthand, operation of PC, and typing are required.●At least 3 years' experience related to the management field●We offer excellent pay and prospects (~~), with 5 weeks of holiday a year plus publicholidays, a company car, and a company pension scheme.●Write, with CV, to the Personnel Manager, Box 43257, Daily News, Kemsworth Street,London.(Words: 213)1. If you apply for the position of manufacturing manager, you should be familiar with __________.2. If you apply for the position of material purchasing manager, you must __________.3. The company prefers the designer who __________.4. If you apply for the position of secretary to Board of Directors, you'd better be fluent __________.5. The company offers an annual holiday of __________.KeyUnit 10Passage1B BCD CPassage 2C B AD DPassage 3F T F F TPassage 4F T F T FPassage 51. accurate and high-speed work2. "automation" was not a new idea3. detailed instructions from human beings4. small enough to carry in our pockets5. the possible uses of small-sized computers in the future Passage 61. computer planning and production scheduling2. have good communication skills and excellent customer skills3. understands the markets in Europe and Asia4. in spoken English and French5.5 weeks plus public holidays。

大学英语快速阅读教程(第一册第一单元)

Book OneUnit OnePassage OneDirections: You will have 10 minutes to read this passage quickly and answer the following questions from A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Chinese AlcoholAn important part of Chinese culture, the use of alcohol can be traced back to the dawn of the nation’s history. Over the centuries many different kinds of alcoholic drinks have been developed and brewing (酿造) methods as well as distillation (蒸馏) has become more sophisticated. At the same time the way of enjoying these desirable products has become a vital part of custom and culture.Alcoholic beverages have inspired many writers resulting in thousands of poems and other works relating to “the magic elixir” (长生不老药). People drink it when they are joyous and for fun. No formal dinner would be complete without it, while a toast can seal a business enterprise, send troops into battle with a prayer for victory as well as express a wish for the health and happiness of family and friends. One of the classic examples of the ceremonial use of alcohol is described in the famous story Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The three heroes in the tale, become blood brothers by drinking bowls of wine into which they have mixed drops of their own blood from cuts in their fingers. This act may seem extreme but was a symbol of faithfulness in those days.The symbolic serving and drinking of wine on various occasions and in different places can convey many meanings. It can express either joy or sorrow. In China, there is a saying that “a thousand cups of wine is not too much when bosom friends meet together”, which indicates the happiness between two close friends; whereas a poem by Li Bai, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907), says, “releasing melancholy by wine, but adding more,” suggested a touch of sadness. There are frequent references to wine in well-known legends, as for example—“to taste the sweet osmanthus (木犀属植物) wine on the moon, produced by the beautiful fairy Chang’e when she felt lonely, is everyone’s dream”.Nearly all important occasions are celebrated with alcohol. The Spring Festival, which is a favorite time for family party, is probably one of the most meaningful when happiness is expressed by social drinking. During the Double Ninth Festival, people drink chrysanthemum (菊花) wine to drive away the evil and to wish their elders good health and long life. Of course, no wedding ceremony is complete unless the happy couple expresses their love for each other by linking their arms to drink to their future happiness (jiaobeijiu), after which they offer a dutiful toast to their parents to thank them for the care they have given to them as children. Similarly, birthday celebrations and the ceremony to mark the 100th day following the birth of a baby will be celebrated with a toast of wine. In South China, when a baby girl is born, her parents will brew alcohol for her, bury it underground and keep it until she marries. Then they take the jar up and paint pleasant pictures upon it to give greetings.Each ethnic group has some form of alcoholic drink with which to celebrate special festivals.For example, around the Spring Festival, Korean people drink their “suijiu” to which they add rice, root of the balloon flower, cinnamon (肉桂) and, red chili and so on, to protect themselves from demons.When drinking wine at table, both the host and the guests are expected to follow certain rules of manners and behavior.The glass should be full of wine, or else the guest will think they are lacking due respect. The elders and superior person or persons present should always be served first.A toast represents respect, while refusing to participate in a toast shows a lack of politeness or respect. Should a guest be really unable to take a drink, he has to find another to do it for him in order to save face.When making a toast, everyone is required to stand and lightly touch each others’ cup, ensuring that the junior’s cup is held lower than that of their superior. The cup should be emptied and inverted to show that no wine remains. Drinking with a single draught symbolizes courage. Those who cannot manage to do so should explain in advance in order to receive a kindly understanding of their situation and thus ensure that no one is offended.(714 words) Questions1. Chinese alcohol .A) has a history more than a centuryB) is developing rapidlyC) is enjoyed in more sophisticated ways than the westernersD) is an important part of Chinese culture2. The act of the three heroes in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a symbol of inthose days.A) faithfulness B) courage C) happiness D) willingness3. Li Bai’s poem mentioned in the third paragraph expresses .A) sadness B) joy C) loneliness D) sorrow4. parents will brew alcohol for their baby girl for future use.A) During the Spring Festival B) In South ChinaC) On the wedding ceremony D) During the Double Ninth Festival5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned when people make a toast?A) E veryone is required to stand and lightly touch each others’ cup.B) The elders and superiors should hold the cups higher.C) People should ensure that the junior’s cup is held lower than that of their superior.D) Those who cannot drink with a single draught should explain in advance.Notes1. Romance of the Three Kingdoms:《三国演义》Passage TwoDirections: In this part,y ou will have 10 minutes to go over the passage quickly and decide questions 1-8 according to the passage. If it is true you fill “T” in theparenthesis, if not or false fill “F” in parenthesis before the sentence.Zhang Yimou—A Creative GeniusOn the eighth day of the eighth month of 2008, 2 billion TV viewers and thousands in attendance in the now famous Bird’s Nest enjoyed an unforgettable sight at the opening ceremonies of the Beijing Olympic Games.Behind it all was the creative genius of Chinese film director Zhang Yimou. Drawing from the depths of the Chinese culture and creativity of the Chinese people, showing ancient Chinese inventions—paper, printing, gunpowder, ceramics and the compass—that have shaped civilization and channeling the sensibility and spirit that unite his fellow 1.3 billion citizens, Zhang told China’s story to a watching world. He created arguably the grandest sight of the new millennium, and it was viewed by nearly one-third of the world’s population. With this work, Zhang obtained a high position shared by very few film directors in the world.In telling China’s story, Zhang explored the Chinese character he, or peaceful harmony—an ideal extremely important to Chinese culture. This level of creative artistry is rare in the controlled field of filmmaking, let alone in a multidimensional arena (多维的舞台) with thousands of performers and visual set pieces that seemed to be impossible—yet it was all happening live, before the eyes of the world.There is much legend surrounding Zhang’s rise to his world fame, given that his first job was as a farmhand and then a laborer in a cotton mill. But the story I enjoy most is that he gave blood over a period of months to earn enough money to buy his first camera. He was 25. When the Beijing Film Academy reopened in 1978 after the Cultural Revolution, he was 27, already considered too old to become a filmmaker and lacking many of the necessary credits. Bravely, he offered his photographic works and was admitted to the department of cinematography.Zhang became a filmmaker, and for the past two decades, he has inspired the world’s interest with China through his films. Not since the great British director Michael Powell has a director used color so effectively to tell stories. In Red Sorghum(1987), Ju Dou(1990) and one of his greatest works, Raise the Red Lantern (1991), the vivid use of red in the manufacturing of wine, the traditional wedding gown, the process of dyeing silk and even the dark red splashes of blood illuminate Zhang’s celebration of life, exoticism and death. Ju Dou was the first Chinese film to be nominated for an Academy Award; Raise the Red Lantern was the second.Zhang also brought the actress Gong Li to prominence, casting her in starring roles in six of his films. Together they are credited with introducing sensuality and eroticism to Chinese cinema. Western audiences are probably familiar with Zhang more from his action films: Hero(2002), House of Flying Daggers (2004) and his most Shakespearean work, Curse of the Golden Flower (2006).Zhang was no stranger to live theatrical events either. In 1998 he staged and directed Puccini’s opera Turandot at the Forbidden City in Beijing. He directed a folk musical in 2003 and staged it outdoors on the Li River. In 2006 he direct ed Tan Dun’s The First Emperor for New York City’s Metropolitan Opera.All this work and its complexity should have prepared me for the depth and breadth of Zhang’s vision, apparent even in its early stages wh en he first met me in 2005 about the Beijing ceremonies. We met on a sunny afternoon in East Hampton, New York, and I knew immediately we were going to become good friends. With the description of his idea on his computer, he showed me what he was thinking. I realized Zhang would be the creator-director of the Olympic ceremonies, with the honor of putting on what would become the greatest show on earth, with China at center stage. I was honored to have been one of the first people inspired by Zhang’s ideas.At the heart of Zhang’s Olympic ceremonies was the idea that the conflict of man foretells the desire for inner peace. This theme is one he’s explored and perfected in his films, whether they are about the lives of humble peasants or great nobles. This year he captured the theme of harmony and peace, which is the spirit of the Olympic Games. In one evening of visual and emotional splendor, he educated, enlightened and entertained us all. In doing so, Zhang secured himself a place in world history.(746 words) True or False( ) 1. The Beijing ceremonies showed the Chinese culture, creativity of the Chinese people and the quick development of China to the world.( ) 2. The opening ceremonies were viewed by nearly one-third of the world’s population. ( ) 3. The Chinese character he means peaceful harmony.( ) 4. Not until he was 25, was Zhang Yimou admitted to the department of cinematography. ( ) 5. Zhang Yimou’s Raise the Red Lantern was the first Chinese film to be nominated for an Academy Award.( ) 6. Gong Li became world famous by starring 7 of Zhang Yimo’s films.( ) 7. Zhang Yimou once discussed the Beijing ceremonies with the author in the USA in 2005. ( ) 8. The theme of harmony and peace is also the spirit of the Olympic Games.Passage ThreeDirection:In this part, you’ll h ave 15 minutes to read the passage quickly and answer the questions followed. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees withthe information given in the passage. N (for NO) if the statement contradicts theinformation given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is notgiven in the passage.The Mystery of StonehengeFor hundreds of years people have wondered about Stonehenge (英国的史前巨石柱), the great circle of huge stones on the Salisbury Plains in southern England. Who built it? How did they do it? And, most puzzling of all, why?The word Stonehenge means “the hanging stones.” We do not know who gave the place this name, but it is a good one. Some of the stone pillars (柱子) still stand, just as they did almost 4, 000 years ago. Across the top of a few of the pillars, connecting one to another, are smaller stones that seem to hang in space.Some people thought that Stonehenge was an old Roman temple. Others said that it was the work of Merlin, the wizard of King Arthur’s court. Still others said that it was built by Druids, religious leaders of the people who lived in England not long before the time of Jesus. In each case, people suggested the earliest groups that they knew about. Today we know more about prehistoric times, and we do not put Stonehenge into the earliest period we know.Scientists have done a great deal of digging at Stonehenge and at hundreds of other old stone circles around the English countryside. Joining each small piece of information together, they came up with a remarkable story.About 2300 B.C. a group of people came from the European continents to what is now England. The people in England before them lived by hunting, but the newcomers were farmers and herders. Using deer antlers (鹿角) for picks, they built huge round corrals (畜栏) with sides of heaped earth.About 2000 B. C. another group of people came from Europe. They began to use the corrals as temples and meeting places. Around 1850 B. C. these people started work on what was to become Stonehenge.About 150 years later a third group of people arrived. They have been called the Beaker people because much of their pottery (陶器) looked like the containers called beakers that chemists use.The Beakers became very wealthy and began to build up Stonehenge. They added a huge avenue to the circle and decided to bring stone blocks from Wales to place inside the circle.They chose eighty stones that weigh up to 5, 400 kilograms (six tons) each. As far as we know, these people had no wheels or animals to carry loads. They had to pull the stones by using large round wood as rollers. The Beakers must have taken the stones most of the way by water. It would be far easier to float them on rafts than to drag them over the hilly country. But a raft big enough to carry such stones on the ocean would be too big to travel up English rivers. The stones must have gone upriver on dugout canoes (独木舟), probably on two or three canoes roped together.How were these huge stones shaped and polished? Large stone hammers have been found atStonehenge. The workers must have heated a rock with torches where they wished to make a cut. Then if they poured cold water on the hot rock, the stone would be weakened and would break smoothly when cut with the hammers. The final shaping and polishing were done by teams of workers who struck the stone again and again and pulled grinders (研磨的机械) over it.Now the stones were ready to be put into place. The workers should use a strong machine to lift a fallen stone back on top of two others. But the builders of Stonehenge had only wood and leather rope. With these alone they set huge stones upright and lifted others to the tops of the columns.The biggest question about Stonehenge, its purpose, is still asked. Careful study has shown that different arrangements of the stones line up with twenty-four separate points. It was found that the sun and moon rose and set in different seasons in the years around 1500 B.C. By standing in different places, the builders could predict when the sun and moon would rise or set in winter or summer. Other studies show that the stones may have been used to predict things that happen in the sky.One thing is sure, though. Stonehenge will continue to attract people even if its mysteries are solved. The more we learn about it, the more remarkable it seems.(726 words) Questions( ) 1. The Stonehenge in southern England has aroused people’s great interest.( ) 2. Stonehenge has a history as long as 2, 300 years.( ) 3. Druids was religious leaders of the people in England not long after the time of Jesus. ( ) 4. The Beakers must have taken the stones most of the way on dugout canoes.( ) 5. People now doubt whether the builders in the ancient time were able to set huge stones upright and lifted others to the tops of the columns with only wood and leather ropes. ( ) 6. Study has shown that different arrangements of the stones line up with twenty-four separate points.( ) 7. The mystery of Stonehenge has already solved completely.Fill in the blanks8. The meaning of the word Stonehenge is ________________.9. The corrals were used as temples and meeting places in about ________________.10. It was who began to build up Stonehenge in around 1700 B.C.Passage FourDirections: In this part, you will have15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information givenin the passage.The Need for Environmental AssessmentEconomic, social and environmental change is closely related to development. While development aims to bring about positive change, it can also lead to conflicts. In the past, the promotion of economic growth meant people had a chance to enjoy better life; however, people were not aware there might be negative social or environmental impacts (影响). The need to avoid negative impacts and to ensure long term benefits led to the concept of sustainable development (可持续发展). This has become accepted as a key characteristic of development, if the aim of increased happy life and greater equity in satisfying basic needs is to be met for this and future generations.In order to predict environmental impacts of any development activity and to provide an opportunity to decrease negative impacts and improve positive impacts, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure was developed in the 1970s. An EIA may be explained as:a formal process to predict the environmental effects of human development activities and to plan appropriate measures to get rid of or reduce negative impacts and to increase positive effects.EIA thus has three main functions:• to predict problems,• to find ways to avoid them, and• to improve positive effects.The third function is of particular importance. The EIA provides a unique opportunity to find ways in which the environment may be improved as part of the development process. The EIA also predicts the conflicts and limits between the suggested project, or program and its environment. It provides an opportunity for mitigation (缓解) measures to be taken to minimize problems. It enables monitoring programs to be set up to assess future impacts and provide data on which managers can take wiser decisions to avoid environmental damage.EIA is a management tool for planners and decision makers and complements (补充) other project studies on engineering and economics. Environmental assessment is now accepted as a key part of development planning and management. It should become as familiar and important as economic analysis in project assessment.The aim of any EIA should be to promote sustainable development. Beneficial environmental effects are maximized while negative effects are improved or avoided to the greatest possible extent. EIA will help select and design projects, programs or plans with long term development and therefore improve cost effectiveness.It is important that an EIA is not just considered as part of the approval process. Many reports produced for such a purpose, which are neither read nor acted upon, will lower the value of the process. A key output of the EIA should be an action plan to be followed during implementation (实施) and after implementation during the monitoring stage. To enable the action plan to be effective, the EIA may also recommend changes to laws and institutional structures.In the beginning EIA was seen by some project promoters as a limit to development but this view is gradually disappearing. It can, however, be a useful limit to unsustainable development. It is now well understood that environment and development are complementary and depend on each other, and EIA is a technique for ensuring that the two can reinforce each other. A study carried out by the Environmental Protection Agency (USA) in 1980 showed that there were significant changes to projects during the EIA process, obvious improvements in both environmental protection measures and financial benefits. Irrigated agriculture is such a good example.Irrigated agriculture is extremely important to the economy, health and welfare of a very large part of the developing world. It is too important to be ignored as it is vital for world food security. However, irrigated agriculture often greatly changes land use and is a major consumer of freshwater. Irrigation development thus has a major impact on the environment. All new irrigation and drainage (排水) development results in some form of degradation (退化). It is necessary to determine the acceptable level and to compensate (补偿) for the degradation. This degradation may extend both upstream and downstream of the irrigated area. The impacts may be both to the natural, physical environment and to the human environment，and large irrigation and drainage developments is environmentally sensitive.An EIA is concerned both with impacts of irrigation and drainage on the environment and with the sustainable development of irrigation and drainage itself. Clearly an EIA will not resolve all problems. There will be balances between economic development and environmental protection as in all development activities. However, without an objective EIA, reasonable decision making would be impossible.(743 words) Questions1. In the past, __________________.A) economy grew slowlyB) people didn’t know economic development might have negative social or environmentalimpactsC) people tried to predict environmental impacts of any development activityD) people enjoyed better life2. Sustainable development _____________.A) has become accepted as a key characteristic of developmentB) means quicker economic developmentC) lowers economic developmentD) aims to satisfy people’s basic needs3. Which of the following is not the mains function of EIA?A) To improve positive effects.B) To predict the possible problems.C) To plan appropriate measures.D) To find ways to avoid the possible problems.4. EIA aims _____________.A) to improve beneficial effectsB) to avoid negative effects completelyC) to benefit the present generationD) to sustainable development5. _________will lower the value of the EIA process.A) That EIA is just considered as part of the approval processB) Focusing on economic developmentC) Quick economic developmentD) The changes to laws and institutional structures6. EIA is now well understood that ___________.A) it is a technique for ensuring quick developmentB) it is a technique for ensuring environmental protectionC) it is a technique for ensuring that environment and development can reinforce each otherD) it is still a limit to development7. A study by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1980 showed________.A) environmental protection measures are improvedB) financial benefits are improvedC) neither environmental protection measures and financial benefits are improvedD) both environmental protection measures and financial benefits are improvedFill in the blanks8. change may have a strong effect on development.9. _____________ is very important to the economy, health and welfare of a very large part ofthe developing world.10. People can make _______________ if they have an objective EIA.。

大学英语快速阅读1翻译(1)

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------大学英语快速阅读1翻译(1)Unit 1 Carnival in Brazil Carnival in Brazil 狂欢节是巴西最著名的节日，每年盛夏时节，巴西狂欢节都要吸引成千上万的游客从世界各地来到这里。

通常，复活节前为期四十天的四旬斋即将到来时，巴西狂欢节的欢庆活动就开始了。

狂欢节为期四天，始于四旬斋前一周的周六，为期四天，结束于周二。

每年的具体起迄日期不定。

欢庆活动期间，欢乐的气氛弥漫着城市从北到南、从东到西的各条街道、各个广场。

人们穿上盛装，走上大街，走进俱乐部。

桑巴舞学校也在节日里举行盛装游行，展示音乐和舞蹈。

每年的桑巴舞盛装游行都有不同的主题。

每个城市都有一个甚至多个这样的舞蹈学校。

在巴西，桑巴舞盛装游行是狂欢节期间最激动人心的盛事。

据历史考证，巴西历史上最早的狂欢节要追溯到 1641 年。

那一年，当时的里约热内卢总督决定用整整一周的庆祝活动来纪念葡萄牙新国王登基。

狂欢节是巴西惟一的一个能将不同文化背景的社会各阶层人士团结在一起的全国性节日。

1 / 3普通民众有机会借此盛会抗议种族、等级及其他各种不平等现象。

狂欢节期间，人们穿上各式服装，将自己打扮成各种身分的人：穷人扮成贵族，富人假扮仆人，成人装作孩子，男人假冒女人。

在尽情的狂欢中，一切似乎都被颠倒了过来。

狂欢节一词来源于意大利语CARNE VALE。

很久以前，意大利的天主教徒们就开始在四旬斋开始前举行盛装狂欢。

由于四旬斋期间按教规天主教徒不应吃肉，因此他们将此狂欢活动称作 CARNE VALE，意即由于四旬斋期间禁食肉类，因此应该先载歌载舞、豪饮狂欢一番。

随着时间的推移，狂欢节在意大利已相当出名。

全新大学英语视听阅读翻译

unit 1passage 1情系新奥尔良比尔·克林顿我和外祖父的生日是同一天。

我早产了两三个星期，出生时体重可观，达到6磅8盎司，身长21英寸。

母亲带我回到了霍普镇赫维街上她父母的家中。

在这幢房子里，我将度过未来的四年。

当时这幢老房子对我来说是又大又神秘，至今仍记忆深刻。

霍普镇的居民募了些钱，把房子恢复了原貌，在里面挂了些老照片，摆放了各种纪念品以及当时的家具，他们称此处为“克林顿诞生地”。

毫无疑问，我生命中的很多第一次都与此地有关――第一次闻到了乡村食物的香味；看到了乳酪搅拌机、冰激凌机、洗衣板、凉衣绳；第一次拥有了自己的《迪克和简》系列读物和玩具，玩具中包括当时我最喜欢的一根普通的链条；第一次通过“公共电话”听到了陌生人的声音；结交了最早的朋友，看到了外祖父母干的活儿。

过了一年左右的时间，母亲拿定主意要回到新奥尔良的慈善医院，她曾在那里接受过一点护理培训，学习当麻醉护士。

过去，医生们自己给病人打麻药，因此当时需要有人做这种新的工作。

这份工作使母亲有了更高的社会地位，也给我们增加了收入。

然而，要把我落下，母亲心里准不好受。

话说回来，战后的新奥尔良真是个不错的地方，到处是年轻人，到处是迪克西兰爵士乐，到处是人们频繁光顾的像“至爱吾爱”那种有男扮女装的人唱歌跳舞的夜总会。

在我看来，对于一位年轻漂亮的寡妇来说，这样的一座城市有助于她走出丧夫之痛。

我曾两次去新奥尔良看望母亲，都是外祖母领我坐火车去的……50多年来，从第一次到新奥尔良起，这个城市就一直对我有着独特的魅力。

我喜欢这里的音乐，这里的食物，这里的人，还有这个城市的精神。

15岁那年，我们全家前往新奥尔良和海湾地区度假，就在那次，我平生第一回听到著名小号手阿尔·赫特的演奏，而且是在他自己的俱乐部里。

起先门口不让我进，因为我年龄太小。

就在我和母亲准备离开的时候，门卫告诉我们，赫特就坐在街角处自己的车内看书，只有他才能让我进去。

全新版大学英语综合教程第1册课文原文

"Now, boys," he said. "I want to read you an essay. This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'"
And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What's more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.
When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention.

全新版大学英语快速阅读1中文翻译

成长的烦恼我想这不是苏格兰节。

我们不知道发生了什么，或者如果皮蓬只是感觉他的年龄。

毕竟，如何发展是一个四岁应有的行为吗？但要真正了解发生了什么，让我们从头开始。

玛丽和我已经邀请了我的侄子，皮蓬，在他星期日的晚餐。

我们一直期待有他因为他是个整洁的小男孩。

在这个特别的夜晚，他照常准时到达。

然而，而不是拥抱和亲吻，皮蓬刚刚推过去我们奔向沙发。

我再看一次确认这是正确的小男孩。

当我们等待烤chicken-scottie的favorite-to完成烹饪，我们坐在沙发上聊天。

在中东的一个句子，皮蓬突然说，“嘿，阿诺德叔叔，我想玩我的记录。

”谈话停了下来。

一分钟后，球员的纪录是在尽可能用“迪斯科”。

皮蓬是唱歌和跳舞，在房间的中间。

玛丽和我说话，但我不能听到她说。

我很困惑，我让这个问题只有通过轻微的评论。

不久，晚餐服务。

我们坐下来，点着蜡烛，开始吃。

苏格兰通常会是第一个开始吃，但今晚他只是坐在那里盯着我。

”你不饿吗。

我问。

”是的，”斯科特。

”然后你不去吃？”不，我不能，”他回答。

”这是你最喜欢的晚餐，说：“我的妻子。

”我不想吃，”斯科特。

不重视他的奇怪行为的时候，我说，“好的，如果你不想吃饭，你没有吃。

你可以坐，让我们公司直到我们完成我们的美味佳肴。

”我们继续我们的晚餐，皮蓬的脸看起来很困惑，不确定的。

宴会结束后，我们开始收拾盘子，离开斯考蒂坐在那里，看着他的脸上失望的。

当我把菜含有烤牛肉，他实在忍受不。

他站起来，把他的整个表餐巾。

不幸的是，它击中一个蜡烛着火了。

我不知道是谁喊的声音，自己或斯科特。

我们都站在那里，害怕的表情在脸上。

我把餐巾放出来。

斯考蒂开始哭泣。

”我很抱歉，”他说。

”我只是想成为丹尼斯。

我的老师给我们读了书中关于丹尼斯的威胁，我们认为所有的事情他很有趣。

但他们不是有趣当我做。

我不想成为丹尼斯的任何更多。

”我们很高兴他不是丹尼斯，只是我们的小朋友。

工作时你成长厨房manager-joe我一直在一家咖啡馆叫太平洋甜点两年。

全新版大学英语阅读教程第一册答案[五篇]

全新版大学英语阅读教程第一册答案[五篇]第一篇：全新版大学英语阅读教程第一册答案《全新版大学英语阅读教程》（通用本）1册课后练习答案UNITONE1.Goodbye school Key to the ExercisesI 1.B2.D3.D4.D5.C6.AII 1.fling2.supercilious3.zoom4.trudge5.hoistKey to the Reading-skill ExercisesParagraph 1:1.B2.DParagraph 1.D2.A2.The Saturday Evening Post Key to the ExercisesI.1.D2.B3.A4.A5.CII.1.She wants him to make something of himself and have an early start to his career.2.He was afraid of the dogs that snarled behind the doors of potential buyers.He was timid about ringing the doorbells of strangers, relieved when no one came to the door, and scared when someone did, and could not deliver an engaging sales pitch.3.The battle to make him different from his father.4.The well-written composition he wrote about his summer vacation.5.Writers didn’t have to have any gumption at all.3.Love Thy NeighborKey to the ExercisesI.1.T2.F3.T4.T5.T6.FII.1.在我看来，美国的邻里关系正在变得不再融洽。

全新版大学英语快速阅读第一册 Unit1(素文整理)

Unit 1I. Directions:Read the following passages, and then select the best choice for each of the questions or incomplete statements.Passage 1It was Monday, and Mrs. Smith‟s dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house.Considering that there was no better way, Mrs. Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote: “Give my dog half a pound of meat.”Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gnetly, “Take this to the butcher, and he‟s going to give you your lunch today.”Holding the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butcher‟s. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it carefully, recognized it was really the lady‟s handwriting and did as he was asked. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up immediately.At midday, the dog returened to the shop. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it, he gave it half a pound of meat once more.The next day, the dog came again exactly at midday. And as usual, it brought a piece of paper in its mouth. This time, the butcher did not look at the paper, and gave the dog its meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers.But, the dog came again at four o‟oclock, and brought with it a third piece of paper. The butcher felt a bit puzzled. He said to himself, “This is a small dog. Why does Mrs Smith give it so much meat to eat today?”Looking at the piece of paper, he found that there were not any words on it!(Words: 276)1. When Mrs. Smith found there was no meat in the house, she ___________ .A)went to the butchers‟B)wrote a noteC)shouted at the dogD)sold her dog2. The butcher gave the dog some meat the next day, because he _____________ .A)read the paperB)saw the paperC)felt sorry for the dogD)wanted the dog to go away3. The writer of this passage suggests that the butcher was fooled because ________ .A)he could not readB)the dog cound writeC)he was a creature of habitD)the dog looked hungry4. In total, how much meat did the dog get form the butcher?A)Half a pound.B) A pound.C)One and a half pounds.D)Two pounds.5. It can be learned from the passage that the dog was __________ .A)lovelyB)smartC)naughtyD)troublesomePassage 2Most people rest and relax when they are old. They do not work. And most people certainly are not famous. But Grandma Moses is different. She starts a new job at age 76. This is her story. It begins in 1860. She is born a poor farmer‟s daughter. Her parents name her Anna Mary Robertson.She is one of 10 children. She works on other people‟s farms to make money. It is 1887. She marries Thomas Moses. He is a farm worker, too. They both work on a farm.Now it is 1930. Anna Mary Moses is 70 and a grandmother. She paints pictures. She makes paintings of country life. One day, her daughter takes her paintings to a store in town. Her paintings are put in the window. A man from New Y ork sees the paintings in the window and buys them. And he wants more!The man likes Grandma Moses‟paintings. He wants to help her. So he takes her paintings to galleries (画廊) in New Y ork. Otto Kallir has a famous gallery there. He likes the paintings by Grandma Moses. Now it is 1940 and Grandma Moses‟paintings are in Kallir‟s gallery. She is 80 years old.Grandma Moses suddenly becomes famous. Everyone wants her paintings. So she paints more and more. She wins many prizes for her paintings. She becomes famous in the United Stats and Europe.When she is 100 years old, the state of New Y ork makes her birthday “Grandma Moses Day.”After her 100th birthday, she paints 6 more paintings. She dies at age 101. She leaves 11 grandchildren, 31 great-grandchildren, and a lot of people who think she is amazing.(Words: 277)1. How does Grandma Moses differ form most other old people?A)She has more grandchildren.B)She makes more friends.C)She likes an easy life.D)She starts a new job.2. Grandma Moses doesn’t paint pictures until __________ .A)she is 60 years oldB)she becomes a grandmotherC)her husband diesD)her daughter asks her to do that3. Grandma Moses’ paintings are first noticed by ___________ .A)her daughterB)the owner of town storeC)a man from New Y orkD)Otto Kallir4. The writer of the passage suggests that _____________ .A)many people buy her paintings only because she is famousB)Grandma Moses is too old to paint at the age of 100C)many people like her paintings but do not like herD)it is never too late to start a new job5. The best title for the passage is __________.A)Grandma Moses‟ DayB)Grandma Moses‟ LifeC)Grandma Moses and FameD)Grandma Moses and PaintingII. Directions: Read the following passages, and then fill in the blanks with the missing information.Passage 3Imagine a classrom missing the one thing that has long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing: paper. No notebooks, no textbooks, no test paper. And there are no pencils or pens, which, after all, always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A “paperless classroom”is what more and more schools are trying to achieve. Students don‟t do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm-sized (手掌大小的，掌上的), or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads（下载）texts from Internet libraries and sends them to every student‟s personal computer.Having computers also means that students can search the Web. They can look up information on any subject they‟re studying, from math to social science.And exams can go oneline, too. At a school in Tennessee, U.S.A., students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them into his or her own electronic grade book.A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste fo paper. The school teacher, Stephanie Sorrell in Kentuky, U.S.A., said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to the students. “Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers,” she said.But, with all this technology, there‟s always the risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure or technical problem, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students.(Words: 244)1. Students use ___________________ instead of doing any handwriting in a paperless classroom.2. Texts for a paperless classroom are from ____________________________________ .3. When an exam goes online, the teacher will easily ____________________________ .4. The last but one paragraph mainly tells us that ___________________ can be saved by the use of computers.5. Paper textbooks are used in a paperless classroom if __________________________ .Passage 4Wally worked in a shop that sold clocks. One day his next door neighbor, Harry,came into his shop. Harry was very stingy （吝啬的）. Wally said to him, “When are you going to buy a clock?”“Never,” Harry said. “I don‟t need a clock.”“Everyone needs a clock,” Wally said. “How do you know when to get up?”“The man who lives on the other side of me turn on his radio at seven o‟clock,” Harry said. “I hear the announcer say, …The time is seven o‟clock. Here is the news.”“OK. But how do you know when to go to work?”“By the time I get out of bed, wash, and shave (剃胡子), it‟s half past seven,” Harry said. “By the time I‟ve eaten my breakfast, it‟s eight o‟clock, time to leave for the office. By the time I get to the bus stop, it‟s ten past eight. The bus arrives in a few minutes and by the time it gets to my stop, the time is half past eight. That‟s the time I start work.”“OK. But how do you know when it‟s time to go home?” Wally said.“The factory siren（号笛，警报器）rings.”“How do you know when it‟s time to go to bed?”“The television programs come to an end.”“OK,” Wally shouted, really angry. “Now tell me what would happen if you woke up in the middle of the night and wanted to know the time?”“That‟s easy,” Harry said. “I‟ve got a hammer.”“A hammer! What good is a hammer?”“I use it to knock on your wall. Y ou‟d shout at me. …What are you doing knoking on my wall at three o‟clock in the morning?”(Words: 279)1. Wally talked to Harry in the hope that _______________ .2. Harry found out it was time to get up by _____________ .3. It took Harry __________________ from home to the office.4. According to Harry, the end of _______________ was a signal for him to go to bed.5. I can be learned from the passage that Wally failed to persuade Harry into __________.III. Drections:Read the following passages, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).Passage 5Mrs. Green gave her husband her letter to post when he was going to work. But sometimes Mr. Green forgot to do so and kept them in his pocket for days.One fine morning in March, Mrs. Green asked him to post a letter. “Please post this letter and don‟t forget,” she said. Mr. Green put the letter in his pocket and said, “I am sure to post this one. “ Mrs. Green smiled and said, “Y es, I believe that you will this time.” Mrs. Green looked at his back, and was still smiling when she closed the door.Mr. Green walked slowly along the street. Soon a man came up form behind him. When he walked by, the man looked back and smiled, “Don‟t forget to post the letter!”Then a girl walked by, and she turned and smiled, too. “Don‟t forget to post the letter!” she said.Mr. Green said to himself, “Why are these people smiling at me? And how do they know I have a letter to post?At last he came to a post office, posted the letter, and walked on. But after a whle, a boy came up from behind and asked him, “Did you post your letter?”“Y es, I did,” said Mr. Green.“Then I can take off this paper,”said the boy.He took a large piece of paper from the back of Mr. Green‟s coat and showed it to him. On the paper were these words----“Ask him to post the letter.”(Words: 251)( ) 1. Mrs. Green asked her husband to post her letters on his way home.( ) 2. Mr. Green sometimes forgot to post the letters immediately.( ) 3. Many people in the street knew Mr. Green.( ) 4. Mr. Green had his wife put the large piece of paper on his back.( ) 5. The paper on his back was a good hint to help Mr. Green remember to post the letter.Passage 6No one is sure how many Americans belong to reading groups called book clubs. Y et publishers and bookstores report that more an dmore people throughout the United States are joining them.Most of the clubs work the same way. Members read the same book at the same time. Then they meet to talk about the book.Memembers may be friends or people who live near each other. Or, they may be eople who work together. Religious and community groups often establish book clubs.Some Americans belong to reading groups on the Internet. Thee groups include people around the world who communicate about books they read. These people send electronic mail instead of meeting to discuss books.Book clubs may be for only women or only men. Or, they can be for husbands and wives together. Some are family groups where parents attend with their children. Children may belong to book clubs of their own.Most reading groups study books by a number of writers, Howerver, some grousp read the work of a single woriter, usually one that has been famous for a while. William Shakespeare, James Joyce, Jane Austen, George Bernard Shaw and Mrak Twain are some examples.Other groups may be named for an important person in the work of the woriter, like a Sherlock Homes Club. Holmes is the great British crime investigator (调查者)created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.Members of these book clubs often are experts about their chosen reading material. For example, one member of a Hlmes reading group can identify almost every person in every Sherlock Holmes Story.(Words: 263)( ) 1. Many important writers are first members of book clubs.( ) 2. Children can apply to join a book club when allowed by their parents.( ) 3. The writer of this passage suggests that book clubs are good ways for people to become good writers.( ) 4. Some groups are named after important characters in the works of writers.( ) 5. Book clubs are becoming more and more popular in the U.S.KeyUnit 1Passage 1B BCD BPassage 2D B C D DPassage 31. palm-sized, or specially-designed computers2. Internet libraries3. record the grades on the network and then copy them inot an electronic grade book.4. money and trees5. there is a power failure or technical problemPassage 41. Harry would buy a clock2. listening to his neighbor‟s radio3. half an hour4. the television programs5. buying a clockPassage 5F T F F TPassage 6F F F T T。

全新版大学英语视听阅读第一册Homelistening

全新版大学英语视听阅读一Audio Script of Home Listening Unit 1Springfield’s Heroic DogsThe City of Springfield’s Search and Rescue Team Website Training a Search and Rescue (SAR) DogSearch and Rescue (SAR) dogs are specially trained to find and save missing or injured （-ed 轻读，误听enger）people, but how is it done? To train SAR dogs, people pretend to be “lost” so the dogs can“find” them. Friends of Springfield’s SAR Team often find themselves going into the woods and staying there until a trainee dog finds them. As people walk along, up to 10,000 tiny bits of material containing their own particular smell are left behind every minute. SAR dogs can easily detect these bits of scent. The trainer just gives them an item of clothing（误听items closen）from the lost person and the dog can simply follow its nose to find the person.（nose误听notes）In the five years between 2003 and 2008 the Springfield SAR Team responded to 122 calls for help. Of these 122 calls, SAR dogs were able to help almost 40 percent of the time.(of误听all) Here are a few of our more unusual success stories:A Surprising HeroElementary school teacher Carolyn Rubin has been a trainer with the Springfield SAR Team for four years. She was out for her usual run one sunny Sunday morning in the spring of 2002. Her own SAR dog, Lucy, was with her. As Rubin followed a jogging path into a wooded area, she suddenly realized that a shadowy shape ahead of her was a large black bear — and it was coming directly towards her! Luckily, Lucy immediately started barking and biting the bear’s back legs and eventually scared the animal away.The Right Place at the Right TimeIn February 2004, David Roycroft, a local dentist, was skiing alone in Canyon Park. Suddenly Roycroft heard a loud noise. He looked up the hill and saw a three-meter wall of snow heading straight for him. A moment later he was under it. If a person remains under snow for 30 minutes, he or she has only a 50 percent chance of survival. Luckily, Springfield SAR member Jeannie Neal was skiing nearby with her dog, Rusty. Rusty was able to locate Roycroft by his scent（scent误听cent）and dig him out within ten minutes. This was a first human direct find for Rusty and the dog seemed as happy about it as Roycroft!scent，名词，香，气味，香气。

全新版大学英语01课文原文

This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.
I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, "Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see. It's — don't you see — it's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker."

全新版大学英语综合教程1课文原文课文翻译

Unit 1 Growing UPPart Text A Writing for MyselfⅡWhen we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten. Can you guess who Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer.我们写作时常常被告诫，脑子里要有读者，笔者所云一定要符合读者的口味和兴趣。

但有一位读者特别不该忘记。

你能猜出是谁吗当拉塞尔·贝克找到这个问题的答案时，他自己和别人都感到大为惊讶。

Writing for MyselfRussell Baker 1The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I've been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers toread and for me to write.为自己而写拉塞尔·贝克从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。

全新版大学英语快速阅读第一册 Unit9(素文整理)

Unit 9I. Directions: Read the following passages, and then select the best choice for each of thequestions or incomplete statements.Passage 1College is a big deal for American students as well as for Chinese students. During the college application, some parents become extremely worded. This only adds to the pressure.Before I applied to the colleges, I told my parents I would get everything straightened out. If I needed any help, I promised that I would ask them.As it turned out, I had no problem putting everything together on my own, including my resume (履历) and a basic outline of my activities in high school. The only part where I asked for my parents' advice was the essays. In writing and revising the essays, I needed feedback (反馈) from an audience. As my parents know me better than anyone, they were perfect for the job.The essays are extremely important in college admissions. In a competitive pool of applicants, the test scores and activities, as well as the recommendations (推荐信) are all going to be very similar. The essays are the one area in which students can make themselves stand out. Essays don't have to be big and complicated. I wrote three essays, all focusing on small matters and using simple sentences. The admissions officers have to read hundreds of essays a day; they are already tired of SAT vocabularies and long sentences. Therefore, a straightforward writing style is refreshing (清新的) to their eyes as well as their minds. Essays were the key to my success in the admission game. I just wrote about what I wanted to say, not what I thought the admissions officers would like to hear.In my main narrative-style essay, I told the story of my American journey at the age of 14. During that time, I was not bogged down (陷入) by trying to fit into a new environment; instead, I looked up to Mother Teresa for guidance and strength. I found my new self and grew to love the name Teresa and the memories it held.In my two minor essays, I explained the major events of my life, why I loved writing and why my dad is the person who has the greatest influence on me. Both provided details of my character. The essay about writing, which is titled, "I Shall Not Live in Vain" (inspired by an Emily Dickinson poem), earned a lot of praise.It is because I really looked into my heart and thought deeply in order to reach my answers.(Words: 397)1. I asked my parents for advice about my essays because __________.A) they are more experiencedB) they know me perfectly wellC) they are the only people I can rely onD) they are extremely worried about my application2. In order to impress the admissions officers, the applicants should write their essays __________.A) with a big vocabulary worthyB) with simple sentencesC) about small mattersD) in a straightforward style3. What helped the writer gain admission to his/her university of choice?A) High scores.B) Good recommendations.C) Good essays.D) Interesting stories.4. According to the passage, _ ______ has the greatest influence on the writer.A) Mother TeresaB) his or her fatherC) Emily DickinsonD) admissions officers5. The passage is mainly about __________.A) the writer's experience in college admissionsB) the importance of college education for studentsC) how parents' worries add to students' pressureD) the importance of essays in college admissionsPassage 2Something that has never made sense to me is why we care so much about what goes on in the lives of celebrities (名人).I understand why we enjoy them; they are usually talented and they perform for us. Through their lives, we can live vicariously (代替地). We get a few hours of entertainment and an escape from whatever is in our minds, and they get their millions of dollars. It's a living.And the better they are at what they do, the more we appreciate them. Eventually, we place them so high on a platform that we forget that, when you take away the make-up and the spotlight (聚光灯) they are really no different from any regular person on the street.Actually, we don't forget. We just won't let ourselves realize that they are just like us. We create the role models, and they had better be worth it. We can't and don't consider our next-door neighbor as a role model, even though he keeps his flower garden pretty tidy.Because celebrities are on such a high platform, we think they are above the trivia (琐事) of human existence. Going to the shops or the movies just doesn't exist in their lifestyles. And activities that would seem normal in our lives are instead highlighted (突出，强调), like going on a diet. And if it works, that diet program becomes the hot new thing for everyone. If it doesn't, that particular celebrity's career falls a little.Maybe if you're really popular, the news of you and your new boyfriend or girlfriend will be around school in a week. When you're a celebrity, the whole world knows it within a couple of days, and your parents find out from a magazine or a newspaper, rather than from you.It should not make us feel better to know if Tom Cruise broke up with Nicole Kidman or vice versa (反之亦然). What does it matter? What should make us feel better is paying more attention to what's going on down here on Earth, around us, not on Planet Hollywood.(Words: 339)1. The writer does not understand __________.A) why people care so much about celebritiesB) why people like celebrities so muchC) why people care so much about the lives of celebritiesD) why celebrities should get their millions of dollars2. According to the writer, celebrities are basically __________.A) perfect men and womenB) role modelsC) heroesD) common people3. “Going on a diet” (Para. 5) is used as an example to show __________.A) people indeed pay close attention to celebritiesB) movie stars like going on a diet to keep figureC) even a trivial thing may turn to something unusual when happening to a celebrityD) when a celebrity goes on a diet, people tend to follow him or her4. According to the writer, if you were a celebrity, __________.A) your boyfriend or girlfriend would soon be as popular as youB) news of you would soon be spread across schoolsC) news of you would soon be found anywhereD) you would become famous in a week5. We can learn that the writer wants us __________.A) to be realistic about celebritiesB) to do what the celebrities doC) to respect the celebrities' privacyD) to pay more attention to Hollywood starsII. Directions: Read the following passages, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).Passage 3Not all thieves lurk (埋伏) in dark alleys and parks. Some sit with their faces lit by the glow of their computer monitors, copying, pasting, and printing.It may seem like just another helpful source of information, but the Internet has taken the theft of "intellectual property" to a new level. Part of the problem is that most students don't really know the exact definition of plagiarism (剽窃) or its consequences. Some say that using someone else's ideas without attributing (认为...... 属于) them is a form of theft, but most people don't think of it as a serious crime.For teachers, Internet plagiarism has been especially problematic compared to "theft" from other sources. This is because it is so difficult to locate the origin of Internet material. To counter student plagiarism, Internet services designed to detect copied material have emerged to aid teachers. One Internet company, , has developed a system for detecting material plagiarized from the Internet. Teachers can upload student works onto the site, which compares it for similarities to materials from all over the Web. The teachers receive an "originality (独创性) report" within a few days. To utilize this new technology, a few teachers at this high school are having students turn in their papers on disk as well as on paper."The threat of using these programs will stop a lot of students. They will be afraid they'll be caught. Unfortunately, fear is what works." English teacher Judy Grear said.English teacher Barbara Swovelin said, "With all the info that's on the Internet, it's understandable that we go to it to get information. It's understandable that people would use it as a resource. The legal and moral issues come in when students use it improperly."A main concern is not only the use of a few plagiarized sentences, but of entire papers. "Paper mills" can be readily found on the Internet, and they were in fact the motivation for and other similar sites.In addition to "cut and paste" plagiarism, most teachers agree that students must be wary of (留神) the theft of ideas. One plagiarism-detection program, Word Check, asserts in their Web site, "Whether you agree or disagree on how information should be used or reused in digital form, one thing is clear: protecting intellectual property from theft is the number one security issue."(Words: 384)( ) 1. This passage is mainly about how thieves steal by means of computers.( ) 2. More and more students are turning to the Internet to do plagiarism.( ) 3. Internet companies are providing services to help teachers detect plagiarism. ( ) 4. The theft of ideas is even worse than "cut and paste" plagiarism.( ) 5. According to the writer, there is no difference between stealing physical property and stealing intellectual property.Passage 4In the West, when you go to a restaurant, you choose what you want to eat; you do not choose a dish to share with others. Your food is brought to you on a plate, for you alone. As a guest, you may have the problem that the only thing you really fancy on the menu is much more expensive than everything else, so you wonder if you dare order it, as it feels greedy (贪婪的). But in general, guests order first, and typically, when you choose something less extravagant (奢侈的), your host will order what you had really wanted.But "ordering badly" is a bigger problem. Something can sound nice on the menu, but when it comes, you find that the combination of flavors is wrong, that in fact you do not like it, or that it is not what you expected. But it is yours, and you have to do your best to eat it. I have a friend in London who is guaranteed (保证) to order badly. In the 15 years that I have known her, only once after a meal in a restaurant has she said that she had really enjoyed her meal.In China, the question is not "What shall I have?" but rather, "What shall we have?" Food is ordered to share with others, not just for oneself. My friends here usually take my likes and dislikes into consideration when ordering, and I do the same for them. But if something is ordered which I don't like, it's not a problem because there are all the other dishes that I can enjoy. And if something extravagant is ordered, it is not just for one person to eat, but for all of us to share.(Words: 287)( ) 1. In the West, guests usually ask the host to choose and order the food for them. ( ) 2. If you order the meals according to the menu, sometimes you will be misled. ( ) 3. One of the writer's friends ate out in a restaurant only once in 15 years.( ) 4. In the writer's opinion, food is ordered to be shared with others in China.( ) 5. In China, if you order the dishes, you should take every guest's taste into consideration.III. Directions: Read the following passages, and then fill in the blanks with the missing information.Passage 5Anyone can become a top student if he or she wants to. It is true that you may not be enthusiastic (热情的) about everything that you study. However, by using your time properly you may improve your grades without additional work. Here's how:1. Plan your time carefully. You should make a list of things that you have to do.After making the list, you should make a schedule of your available time. Fill in the committed time--- eating, dressing, school meetings, etc. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete the work that you are normally assigned each week.Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment, hobbies, and maybe just relaxation.2. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keepthis space, which may be a desk or simply a comer of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! If you can't find such a place at home, find a library where you can study.3. Scan before you read. Scanning a passage lets you preview the material and get ageneral idea of the content. Scanning will help you double your reading speed and improve your comprehension.4. Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen toeverything the teacher says. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says. When the teacher gets off the subject, stop taking notes.5. Study regularly. When you get home from class, go over your notes. Review theimportant points that your teacher mentioned in class. Read any related material in your textbook. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful. And you will remember it longer.6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what youhave learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test. So don't get overly worried. Tests do more than just provide grades; they let you know what you need to study more, and they help make your new knowledge permanent (永久)There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a handfulhave been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.(Words: 385)1. One effective way to improve grades without studying extra hours is __________.2. It is clear the author is most interested in the __________ of time.3. If you want to concentrate on your study, it is better to find a place that is __________.4. In class, you don't need to take any notes about __________.5. Failure in a test only tells you __________.Passage 6The OTT-LITE VisionSaver Floor Lamp reduces eyestrain (视疲劳) caused by glare (强光), and brings the look and feel of natural daylight inside.Dr. John Nash Ott, a world-renowned scientist, developed the first OTT-LITE over forty years ago. Dr. Ott spent over forty years researching sunlight and its effect on people, plants and animals. This led to his discovery of OTT-LITE Natural Light Supplements--the closest thing to natural daylight. While no light perfectly duplicates (复制) sunlight, OTT-LITE lamps are the next best thing to natural sunlight.The OTT-LITE lamp has naturally balanced wavelengths much the same as that of sunlight, bringing the benefits of sunlight indoors without heat and glare. Dr. Ott's Natural Light Products utilize a rare earth phosphor (磷, 荧光物质) blend technology that makes it possible to see almost as clearly and accurately indoors as you do outside under natural light. Practically free of glare and heat, this lamp will change the way you look. It also brings the light of a sunny spring day all year long to any room.A superior optical (视力的) experience, this new technology has revolutionized the way we see colors and details. With the OTT-LITE VisionSaver Floor Lamp, you'll be able to read, work and study indoors with all the clarity and accuracy of being outside on a beautiful spring day! Anyone from hobby or reading enthusiasts, students to computer users and senior citizens can enjoy the amazing benefits of this technology.Try the ultimate lighting technology!The OTT-LITE VisionSaver Floor Lamp provides a difference your eyes can truly feel. The special formulation--- one that brings the feeling of a sunny spring day indoors all year long is one you'll truly be thankful for. The OTT-LITE VisionSaver Floor Lamp is backed by TechnoScout's exclusive home trial. Try this product for thirty days and return it for the full purchase price if not satisfied, less shipping and handling fees. It has been proved that by creating natural light indoors, OTT-LITE (lamps) is changing the way we work. The exhilaration (活跃，高兴) of a sunlit outdoors day is now available anywhere.(Words: 339)1. You can't read in the sunlight due to __________.2. Dr. John Nash Ott was interested in the research of the effect of __________.3. Although there is no artificial light which can truly duplicate the light of the sun,OTT-LITE lamps are __________.4. The OTT-LITE's biggest selling point is __________.5. The passage uses some ideas and phrases repeatedly so that __________.KeyUnit 9 Passage 1B DC B A Passage 2C D C C APassage 3F T T F TPassage 4F T F T TPassage 51. using your time properly2. planning3. free of everything but study materials4. things that have nothing to do with the subject5. what you need to study morePassage 61. the eyestrain caused by glare2. sunlight on people, plants and animals3. the next best thing to natural sunlight4. it creates natural light indoors5. readers will remember the lamp and possibly buy it。

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全新版大学英语快速阅读1Unit 1Johnny the ExplorerJohnny was three when he ran away from home for the first time. Somebody left the garden gate open. Johnny wandered out, crossed some fields, and two hours later, arrived in the next village. He was just able to give his name and address.By the time he was seven, Johnny used to vanish from home two to three times a year. Sometimes he covered quite long distances on foot. On other occasions he got on a bus or even a train, and simply sat there until someone asked for his ticket. Generally the police brought him home. "Why do you do it?" they used to ask. "You aren't unhappy at home, are you? .... " "Of course not," Johnny replied. "Then why?" "I just like seeing places," Johnny told them.Johnny continued to "see places" although everyone tried to stop him. His parents used to watch him closely, and so did his teachers; butsooner or later Johnny managed to slip away. As he grew older, his favorite trick was to hide on a long distance truck. Sometimes he used to travel hundreds of miles before anyone discovered him.It is hardly surprising that eventually Johnny managed to get on board a plane. He was twelve at the time. It was a cargo plane and, a few hours later, Johnny found himself in Cairo. How did he get on board? No one knows! According to Johnny himself, it was easy: he just went into the airport, walked along some corridors and got on board the nearest plane.In spite of all this, Johnny did well at school. He enjoyed maths and languages and, perhaps not surprisingly, he was especially good at geography. "What do you want to be when you grow up?" his teachers asked him. Johnny did not take long to answer that question. "An explorer!" he answered. "But it's difficult to become an explorer in this modem age." they tried to tell him, "unless you go into space!" But it was no use: Johnny knew what he wanted!Just before he left school, Johnny saw a notice in one of the daily papers. An expedition was about to go to Brazil to travel up the Amazon River. There were vacancies for three young people "willing to work hard and with a sense of adventure". Johnny applied, and, two months later, he was on his way to Brazil.Growing PainsI guess it was not Scottie 's day. We did not know if something had happened, or if Scottie was just feeling his age. After all, how grown up is a four-year-old supposed to act? But to really understand what happened, let us start at the beginning.Mary and I had invited our nephew, Scottie, over for his usual Sunday supper. We always looked forward to having him because he was a neat little boy. On this particular evening, he arrived on time as usual. However, instead of hugs and kisses, Scottie just pushed past us and headed for the sofa. I had to take a second look to make sure this was the right little boy.While we waited for the roast chicken—Scottie's favorite—to finish cooking, we sat on the sofa talking. Right in the middle of one of my sentences, Scottie said suddenly, "Hey, Uncle Arnold, I want to play my record." The conversation came to a halt. A minute later, the record player was on as loud as it could go with "Disco Duck". Scottie was dancing and singing in the middle of the room. Mary was talking to me, but I could not hear a thing she was saying. I was puzzled that I let the matter pass with only a slight comment.Soon dinner was served. We sat down, lit the candles, and started to eat. Scottie usually would be the first to start eating, but tonight hejust sat there and stared at me. "Aren't you hungry?" I asked. "Yes," replied Scottie. "Then aren't you going to eat?" "No, I 'm not," he answered. "It's your favorite dinner," said my wife. "I don't want to eat," answered Scottie. Paying no attention to his strange behavior for the moment, I said, "Okay, if you don't want to eat, you don't have to eat. You may sit and keep us company until we finish our delicious meal." As we continued our dinner, Scottie 's face looked confused and uncertain.After we finished dinner, we began clearing away the dishes, leaving Scottie to sit there with that look of disappointment on his little face. When I removed the dish containing the roast beef, it was more than he could bear. He stood up and threw his napkin across the table. Unfortunately, it hit one of the candles and caught fire. I do not know who cried out the loudest, myself or Scottie. We both stood there with a look of horror on our faces. I took the napkin and put it out. Scottie started crying. "I 'm sorry," he said. "I was just trying to be Dennis. My teacher read us the book about Dennis the Menace, and we thought all the things he did were so funny. But they are not funny when I do them. I don't want to be Dennis any more." We were glad that he was not Dennis any more, just our little Scottie.Working while You GrowKitchen Manager—JoeI had been working at a cafe called Pacific Desserts for two years. One day the kitchen manager left his job. I had worked there the longest. I was given the kitchen manager 's work, but not the title or the pay.High school kids waited tables at night there. They often visited in the morning before the place was open. They came for free coffee. I had been making myself breakfast before the manager got there and I decided to expand. For the last three months of school, I made fried eggs and potato salad using the restaurant 's eggs, cheese, milk, vegetables, potatoes, and spices. We started a morning coffee club, and charged $ 1 per plate. Soon the high school students started to bring their friends. One of them even made a signboard in his carpentry class that read "Joe 's Underground Cafe". I usually made about $ 8 extra per day. This was the same as an increase in my pay. I was also spending an hour of the company 's time for my own profit.Bicycle Messenger—KennyBeing a bike messenger in Seattle is hard, but our job was easy. We had to work extremely hard, but at least we got paid by the hour.The company always let us wear shorts, but we had to wear the company T-shirts. We cut off the sleeves to stay cool. Then, the companywanted to give a better impression of itself because we delivered to big businesses. They made us wear long pants and shirts made of heavy material. This was crazy! Try riding your bicycle fast for ten miles up hills, really big hills, with heavy packages while you 're wearing long pants!All of the messengers agreed we could not continue like that. We decided that we wouldn't wash our clothes at all. We wore the same clothes every day. You can imagine what it was like when we were in an elevator. Our clothes smelled terrible and our bodies also smelled bad. Within a month, the company received many complaints. They let us wear shorts again.E.T.—A fairy Tale of the Space AgeFor many children the search for extra-terrestrial life or life from other planets may seem to be already over. An extra-terrestrial has been with us for some time. Children ask for shirts that read "E.T.—I love you" and for E.T. toys under the Christmas tree. Steven Spielberg 's film, "E.T.—the Extra-terrestrial", has become one of the biggest film money-makers of all time; even ahead of "Star Wars".What is it about this big-eyed creature from outer space that has made America 's children and many adults so excited? Psychologists saythat the film of E.T., like ancient fairy tales, contains powerful stories that help children through the difficult process of growing up. The message that fairy tales bring to the child is that a struggle against severe difficulties in life cannot be avoided, but that if one does not run away but meets unexpected and often unjust hardships, one masters all obstacles and at the end comes out victorious.Today 's children, who often grow up alone in homes that are separated from other children, need fairy tales even more than children did at the time when those tales were first told. In E.T. they find a fairy tale with a special interest because it is set in the space age, which is closer to their situation than a story set in an old castle. E.T. may not be good-looking physically, but he is totally harmless, kind and charming. No child need fear an outer space filled with creatures like E.T.The film has at least two heroes who children can understand and with whom they can share their feelings—E.T. himself and Elliott, the 10-year-old boy who finds, looks after and saves the friendly and likable creature after he is left behind by his spaceship. Both Elliott and E.T. have been left to look after themselves. Elliott feels alone because his parents have separated, but he finds a magical friend whom he can protect and who provides him with friendship. Children often have a strong need for imaginary playmates.For all children, the film raises the question of the need to grow up and the desire to stay a child. Elliott decides not to go with E.T. aboard the spaceship, where he could continue living in an imaginary world. As one child said, "Elliott stayed on Earth because he has to grow up and you can't grow up on the faraway planet of Jupiter. You stay small and a kid like E.T."The film offers many ideas from the traditional fairy tale: first, good children get the better of bad adults. Secondly, the hero is put in a difficult position in the early stages of the story but there is a happy ending when he is finally rescued. Thirdly, the film offers the idea of rebirth, which is found in many fairy tales. Finally, the story also reminds one of "The Three Feathers" by the well-known writers of fairy tales—the Grimm brothers. In this story, the youngest son wins his father 's kingdom by defeating his brothers with the help of an ugly old toad. Put to a final test, to bring back the most beautiful woman, he wins again by choosing the toad who turns into a beauty. Thus, it is love which turns even ugly things into something beautiful. It's easy to see how that is true of E.T.Unit 2Making FriendsFriends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few—for example; the average among students is about 6 per person.Moreover, a great many relationships come under the general term "friendship". In all cases, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of closeness between them and the reasons for their interest in each other vary greatly.At the beginning, much depends on how people meet, and on good first impressions. As we get to know people, we consider things like age, race, looks, economic and social status, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of the greatest importance, it is more difficult to have a good relationship with people when there is a big difference in age and background.We pay attention to actual behavior, facial expression, and the way a person speaks. Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than ordinary acquaintances. Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may give the wrongsignals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly look with the wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare, and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness. People who do not look one in the eye are not trusted when, in fact, they simply do not have confidence.Some relationships are a result of argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have the same ideas and beliefs, the same opinions and interests—they often talk about "being on the same wavelength". The more closely involved people become, the more they depend on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to let them down. Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other, to put up with annoying habits, and to accept differences in opinion. Imagine going on a long trip with someone you occasionally meet for a drink!In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the relationship between two people. But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a close and lasting relationship, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.Black and WhiteFrom the beginning, we knew we came from different worlds, yet it was surprising how much the same we were in many ways. When I first met Bud, I knew we were going to be friends, even though he was white and I was black. He was confident, forward, and very friendly. He would just walk up and start a conversation about anything. He really was very much like me. People said we both had the same kind of personality.We first met at the All-City Chorus. I thought I could sing a little, but Bud could really have a good voice. I really believe he could have broken a glass singing one of his high notes—just as you see on the TV ads. We stood side by side in the chorus, and he always made me look good, even if I missed a note. After practice, the two of us would always go to McDonald 's for a hamburger and an ice-cream. We had a lot in common, but our stories were really about two different worlds.Bud went to an all-white high school in a quiet, all-white neighborhood. There were very few big buildings or stores in his community. As a matter of fact, you would have to walk four or five blocks to get to the nearest shopping center. Bud always talked about how green and beautiful the neighborhood looked. He even lived close to a wide-open park where he first became interested in football. He started out as a fullback, and later became the best fullback on his high school football team. Bud 'shouse was another point of interest. In his basement, he had a complete mini-gym. In his bedroom, he had a nice desk, complete with reference books and his own little TV on which he could play his video games.My home and neighborhood were totally different. My family lived in a nice apartment in an all-black housing project. Our project housed many families, so we were used to living in small crowded quarters. Everyone in the project knew what everybody else was doing. It was like a city within a city. We never had to walk far to the nearest store. There were all kinds of stores nearby. For beauty, we had concrete buildings, basketball courts, and the rose garden in front of the project building. If I wanted to exercise, I would have to stay late at school. As captain of my high school football team, I really had to keep physically fit, and I never had the convenience of a mini-gym in my basement. My study was the kitchen table. After dinner, I would do my homework there and hope none of my five brothers and sisters would disturb me.Comparing worlds was always interesting. We never were jealous or looked down on one another, either. We always accepted one another as equals. As a matter of fact, we both felt we had lost something because we lived in worlds set apart from others. Bud 's only contact with blacks his age was in the All-City Chorus. Because of this, he felt his life was sheltered and not as interesting as it would have been if he had grown up with people of different groups and races living together. I felt the sameway. Both races could learn a great deal from one another, and I knew this because Bud and I surely did learn from each other. It was only because society set us apart in different communities that we had never shared an experience like this before.Bud and I became great friends. We even went to the same college, were roommates, and played on the same college football team. The fact that we came from different worlds did not mean a thing compared to the values we learned from each other and the friendship we gave to one another.FriendsIt was Saturday morning. Nicky and I were just finishing our shopping. "Let me see ... " Nicky said. "We 've been to the supermarket, the baker 's and the greengrocer 's ... Is that the lot?"I looked at my list. "I just need a couple of things from the chemist 's," I told her. "All right," Nicky said. "While you 're doing that, I'll just call in at the bookshop."We arranged to meet at a cafe in a quarter of an hour. I arrived first. When Nicky came in, she looked quite excited."Did you find your book, then?" I asked as she sat down."Yes," Nicky said."Something special?" I asked. I was curious because Nicky was not a great reader, except for newspapers and magazines. She sometimes borrowed books, but she rarely bought them."Well, yes," Nicky admitted."What's all the mystery?" I asked. "Tell me all about it!""It isn't exactly a mystery, Kay," Nicky began. I waited for her to go on. "Well, do you remember that woman who used to live opposite the church—Miss Hunter?""The one who used to wear funny clothes and had a large dog? Wasn't she an artist?""Well, yes," Nicky said. "She did paint—but only as a hobby. As a matter of fact, she was a writer—and I 've just bought her latest book!" Nicky took the book out of her bag and passed it across the table. The title was "Death Comes to the Village"."A detective story," I said. "Hey, do you think we 're in it?""I 'm pretty sure I am," Nicky said, looking rather pleased with herself. "You see, Miss Hunter and I were quite good friends and she often said she was going to put me into her next book!""Shall we have a look?" I asked. But Nicky picked the book up and put it in her bag. "I 'd like to read it first," she said. "But I'll lend it to you, of course ... "Some time passed after our meeting in the cafe" and I heard nothing from Nicky. I decided to ring her up and ask about the book. "Oh, that!" she said in a small voice."You don't sound very pleased," I said. "Weren't you in the book after all?""Yes," Nicky said. "I 'm in the book all right! But who do you think I am? I 'm the village post woman! I pass on all the gossip in the village! I even open letters sometimes! I 'm the most unpleasant person in the whole book! That woman is no friend of mine, I can tell you!"FriendshipA high school history teacher once told us, "If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life." Experience teaches that he was right. Good friendships are just not easily formed. Why?One reason is that it is easy to move around in our society. Mr. Darrell Sifford, a news reporter for the Washington Daily, has beenstudying and talking about friendship for a number of years. He reports what one woman thought about the effect of ease of movement on friendship:"I was nine, and we 'd just moved from South Carolina to New Jersey, and I didn't know anybody. My mother had a way of getting to the root of things and she said to me, 'Amelia, I know you 're feeling bad because you don't have any friends. But you can fix that. Just walk across the street—I know there's a girl about your age over there—and knock on the door and ask her to be your friend.'""As a 9-year-old, I could do that. I knocked on the door and said, 'Hi, my name is Amelia, and I 'd like for us to be friends.' And to my surprise, she said that she would like that too—and we became friends."She added that going about it directly always worked when she was a child. But as she left childhood, she found that the simple direct approach was more and more difficult for her to follow. So, as an adult, Amelia longed to have friends but her hands were tied when it came to doing anything about it. The problem, according to her, is that society teaches us in a number of ways that direct action is not an acceptable way of doing things. We need to be less direct so that our feelings will not be hurt if our offer of friendship is refused.Mr. Sifford goes on to describe his own ideas on the subject:"To most of us, friendship is very important, but we need to have clear in our own minds the kinds of friendships we want. Are they to be very close or kept at arm 's length? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface?""For some people, an ordinary friendship is enough—and that's all right. But at some point we need to make sure that what we expect from the friendship is the same as what our friends expect from it. If one wants more from the friendship than the other, and if this is not talked about, one is likely eventually to feel that he's not being given enough attention.""The sharing of close secrets, including our fears as well as our dark dreams, is the surest way to deepen friendships. But the process must be gone through slowly and continued only if there are signs of interest and our efforts are answered."What are some of the problems in forming friendships? According to Mr. Sifford, the biggest problem is to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships take time. Another "big difficulty" is to think one "possesses" the other and that he should spend all his time only with you. Similarly, friendships require action from both sides. In short, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of developing friendship. Unless you spend enough time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will gradually fade away.Why is it so difficult to form friendships? Perhaps it is possible, as Mr. Sifford states, that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for a true friendship to develop. However, we all agree that each of us should think carefully about the kind of friendships we want. As in all inter-personal relationships, success depends on the kind of friendship we expect to have, openness to others, and a willingness to experiment.Unit 3Louis Pasteur: A Modern-Day ScientistIn the summer of 1885, nine-year-old Joseph Meister was a very ill little boy. He had been attacked by a sick dog that had rabies, a very dangerous disease. His doctor tried to help him, but there was no cure for rabies at that time. The doctor told Joseph 's parents that perhaps there was one man who could save Joseph 's life. His name was Louis Pasteur.When Pasteur was a young boy in France, he was very curious. Louis was especially interested in medicine, so he spent many hours every day with the chemist who lived in his small town. The chemist sold pills, cough syrups, and other types of medicine, just as modern pharmacists, or druggists, do today. At that time, the chemist had to make all themedicines himself. Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and listening to him help the customers who came to him each day. Pasteur decided that one day he wanted to help people, too.As a schoolboy, Pasteur worked slowly and carefully. At first, his teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner. Through elementary school, high school, and college, Pasteur worked the same thoughtful way. In fact, he was not a slow learner, but a very intelligent young man. He became a college professor and a scientist, and he continued to work very carefully.Because of Pasteur 's patient methods, he was able to make many observations about germs. For example, germs cause meat and milk to spoil. They also cause many serious diseases. Pasteur was studying about the germs that cause rabies when Joseph Meister became ill. In fact, Pasteur believed he had a cure for rabies, but he had never given it to a person before. At first, Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph, but his doctor said the child was dying. Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation, or shot, every day for ten days. Slowly, the child became better. Pasteur 's vaccination cured him.During his lifetime, Pasteur studied germs and learned how they cause diseases in animals and people. He developed vaccinations that prevent many of these illnesses. He also invented the process of pasteurization, which stops foods such as milk from spoiling. LouisPasteur died on September 28, 1895, at the age of 72. Modern medicine continues to benefit from the work of this great scientist.Can Computers Replace People?Most people 's jobs are likely to be affected by computers in one way or another. Teachers, for example, can use computer terminals or sets of screens and keyboards in the classroom. Each pupil may one day have a terminal to use, which can pose problems and ask questions, and the computer can inspect and check the pupil 's replies. But could a computer ever replace teachers or do any job a man or woman can do? The short answer is that this is very unlikely.At the moment there are vast numbers of things a computer cannot do. Computers cannot perform an operation or dock a big ship. But they can help the people who do these tasks. In fact, computers can help nearly everyone, from an architect to a postal clerk. However, there is no program that makes a computer behave in anything like the way a human mind works. Even so, some people are trying to program computers to think like people. They have had some surprising successes. Some computer programs can play chess much better than the average player,and there is one game in which a computer has beaten the world champion: backgammon, which is a board game like chess but much simpler.But playing backgammon is only one skill. How can we decide if a computer is as "intelligent" as a human being? A simple test has been suggested. The test involves two people who have never met before—person A and person B—and a computer, all three in separate rooms. A has to try to tell the difference between B and the computer. B tries to make it clear to A that he is not a computer, but the computer is programmed to try to deceive A into thinking that it is B. Obviously A could tell easily if he could see into the other rooms, or if he could speak to B, so the only way that he can communicate with both the computer and B is through terminals. A has two terminals, one leading to each of the other rooms, and he can use them to ask any questions he likes. If he cannot tell from the replies which terminal leads to the computer, then it is generally accepted that the computer must be regarded as being as intelligent as a human. At the moment no program has been written which gets a computer anywhere near it.Computers are only effective when problems are clearly described in advance. They are next to useless when problems are not clearly described. For example, an airplane can fly automatically most of the time, but there is always a human pilot in case something goes wrong. The human can react to any situation, some of which he may never haveimagined. At the moment most computer programs need to know everything that might happen in advance, and what to do if it does happen. Such programs can be written if the computer is only playing backgammon, but they cannot be written for a nurse, an athlete, or any number of other professions.Some people say that computers can never have "minds of their own" because they need a program, which is created by a human, to tell them what to do. This is perfectly true. But how do we know that a program cannot be written which gives a computer a mind of its own? A programmer cannot always say in advance how a computer running his or her program will react. There are many examples of a computer running a chess-playing program in which the computer has made the best possible choice of the alternative moves it was programmed to make. Despite this, it will be many years before a program is devised that is anything like the human mind.The Scientific Method (1)Science is based on wondering. You begin to be a scientist when you ask questions:Why did that happen?。