英语语法重点

分词的形式

分词作状语的用法

分词短语在句子中作状语时,其逻辑主语(亦称隐含主语)必须是句子的主语.分词在句中作状语,可以表示各种不同的语义.它可以表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等.例如:

(1). 表示时间

Arriving in Beijing, I found I lost my way. →When I arrived in Beijing, I found I lost my way.

Seen f rom the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.

→When the city is seen from the top of the mountain, it looks beautiful.

When crossing the road, you should be careful.

→When you cross the road, (you) should be careful.

(2)表示原因

Having lived in Guangzhou city for years, I almost know every place quite well.

→Because I have lived in Guangzhou city for years, I almost know every place quite well.

(3)表示结果

His wife died, leaving him with three children. →His wife died so that she left him three children.

(4)表示方式

The poor boy stood by the door, not daring to say a word.

(5)表示条件

Compared with Tom, you are not diligent at all.

→If you are compared with Tom, you are not diligent at all.

Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it.

→Once you lose the chance, you can’t easily find it.

(6)表示伴随

The teacher walked into the classroom, followed by a little boy.

(7)表示让步

In spite of living in a city, I long for a life incountryside.

→Although I live in a city, …

Ex.

1.The tiger escaped from the zoo, _______(create) fear and terror among the people.

2.The millionaire lay on the floor in his bedroom, ______ (kill) by a murderer last night.

3.If_________ (bring) up in the city, you can’t know much about farm work..

4.It has been proved that once _____(deprive) of water, a man can remain alive no more than 7 days.

Keys: creating, killed, brought, deprived

分词作定语的用法

(1)分词在句子中可以作定语时, 有两种形式,它可以放在被修饰的名词之前(称为前置定语),也可以放在被修饰的名词之后(称为后置定语).例如:

We only sell used books and furniture.

The girl standing behind John is Mary.

(2).单个分词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词之前;但过去分词可放在名词之后.例如:

All the broken windows have been repaired.

The person concerned will go there.

(3)分词短语作定语时必须置于被修饰的名词之后,相当于于一个定语从句.例如:

The story described in this book (=which is described in this book)is easy to understand.

(4) 如果被修饰的名词是something, anything, everything, nothing等,分词放在它们的

后面.例如:

There is nothing interesting.

(5) 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别:

a.从时态上看,现在分词表示进行,过在分词表示完成.如:

the changing situation (变化中的形势) the changed situation(变化了的形势)

b.从语态上看,现在分词表示主动,过在分词表示被动.如:

the exploiting class (剥削阶级) the exploited class (被剥削阶级) Ex.

1. Thousands of products (make) ______ from crude oil are now in daily use.

2.At the international conference, the famous scientist gave an excellent report (base) _____ on his recent experiment.

3. The first textbooks (write) ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

Keys: made, based, written