三级英语语法 主谓一致关系
英语语法之主谓一致
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主谓一致主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致;2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致;3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数,但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,但是当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
同时,如果and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词也要用单数形式。
e.g. I) To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.想干一件事和真干一件事是两回事。
II) The food and the textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.粮食工业和纺织工业主要靠农业提供原料。
III) The iron and steel industry is very important to our national economy.钢铁工业在国民经济中起重要作用。
IV) No book and on pencils found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔。
二、主谓一致中的就近原则1.当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
e.g. I) There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一名老师和一些学生。
II) There are four books and a pencil box in his bag.在他的包里有四本书和一个铅笔盒。
大学英语语法主谓一致
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指导原则
1.语法一致原则(Grammatical
Concord)
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of errors was surprising. Jane and Mary look alike. 1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词为复数。 The crowd were running for their lives.
I. 以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致
darts:投镖游戏dominoes:多米诺骨牌 marbles:打弹子游戏 billiards:台球 但cards(打纸牌)用复数; 当它们表示所用工具时谓语用复数 Darts is often played in English pubs. Two darts are thrown at every turn.
但如果是国名,则用作单数,如:the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands(荷兰)。
5.由二部分组成的物体通常以S结尾,
如果不带“一把”等单位词而单独 使用,通常用作复数。
scissors剪子 shears 大剪刀 pincers 、tongs 钳 子 pliers 老虎钳 pajamas 睡衣,宽长裤 suspenders吊裤带 knickers短裤,灯笼裤 pants 裤子 jeans 工装 裤 shorts 短裤 briefs 三角裤 shoes glasses/spectacles 眼镜 binoculars 望远镜 chopsticks
谓一致
II. 集体名词(Collective Noun)作主语的主
英语语法---主谓一致
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主谓一致所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致,就近一致,意义一致。
1.两个名词由and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
Both Jack and Tim are diving.但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.✧特别注意:用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.威士忌酒加苏打水是他是喜爱的饮品。
2.集合名词如public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group等作主语时, 如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。
His family is a large one. ( 强调整体)The family are all music lovers. (指家庭成员) 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。
people指“民族”时是例外。
The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.3.Everybody everything everyone somebody something someone anything anybody nobody nothing✧当这些词做主语时,谓语动词用单数,如Someone is asking for you.Nothing is found in the room.4.书名、时间、距离、价格、重量等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
完整版英语语法主谓一致
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主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语(1 为复数,谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为(2 复数,谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
3(并列主语的谓语一致1.Andand连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。
(1)两个单数名词用Tom and Jack are close friends. 连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割)两个单数名词用and(2 的整体时,谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,and等限定的单数名词由many a,no(3)被every,each,后一个限定词可以省略。
many …………andno……and……no, many a,……every ……and every,each……and……each 。
aEach boy and (each) girl has an apple.连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种)一个单数名词被几个用4and(名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数)由and连接的两个(5 (言行不一致)What he says and does do not agree.What he says and does does not concern me.谓语动词常和邻近连接的并列主语,2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor 的主语一致。
英语语法——主谓一致
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主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单---பைடு நூலகம்-谓语单
A knife and fork_i_s_ used to have meals.
(and 后无冠词) 指同一个人
(and 后无冠词)
The singer and dancer__is__ on the stage.
指一副刀叉
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
主语形单意复,谓语用复数 主语形复意单,谓语用单数
谓语的单复数形式 取决于最靠近他的主语。
“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语 谓语与主语一致
语法一致
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
1.常见复数形式名词:
(1)Trousers、scissors(剪刀)、 clothes、goods(货物)、glasses、shoes
Every boy and every girl in the class _______(be) diligent. No sound and no voice _______(be) heard.
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
7. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语 ——— 谓语动词用单数
主形单意复,谓语复;主形复意单,谓语单
2. 有些以-s 结尾的名词虽形式是复数, 但意义上是单数(形复意单)谓语用单
① Every means _h_a_s___ been tried since then. ② No news __i_s_ good news. (is / are) ③ Maths / physics __i_s__ the subject that I like most. (is / are)
主谓一致三条原则之间的关系
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主谓一致三条原则之间的关系主谓一致是语法中一个重要的原则,它指的是主语与谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
在英语中,主谓一致的三条原则是:人称一致、数一致和时态一致。
这三条原则之间有着密切的联系和相互影响。
人称一致是主谓一致的基本原则之一。
人称一致要求主语和谓语在人称上保持一致。
例如,在第一人称单数主语“我”和谓语“am”之间,就存在着人称一致关系。
同样地,第三人称单数主语“他”和谓语“is”之间也需要保持人称一致。
人称一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了不同人称的主语与谓语之间的关系。
数一致也是主谓一致的重要原则之一。
数一致要求主语和谓语在数上保持一致。
例如,在单数主语“猫”和谓语“跑”之间,就存在着数一致关系。
同样地,在复数主语“狗们”和谓语“跳”之间也需要保持数一致。
数一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了主语与谓语之间的数量关系。
时态一致也是主谓一致的关键原则之一。
时态一致要求主语和谓语在时态上保持一致。
例如,在现在时态中,主语“我”和谓语“喜欢”之间需要保持时态一致。
同样地,在过去时态中,主语“他们”和谓语“吃”之间也需要保持时态一致。
时态一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了主语与谓语之间的时间关系。
这三条主谓一致的原则相互依存,共同构成了一个完整的语法体系。
人称一致、数一致和时态一致三者之间相互影响,共同决定了主语与谓语之间的关系。
如果在一个句子中,其中一条原则没有得到满足,就会导致句子不通顺或者含义模糊。
因此,在写作中,我们要特别注意主谓一致的三条原则,以确保句子的准确性和流畅性。
主谓一致的三条原则,即人称一致、数一致和时态一致,是语法中非常重要的原则。
它们之间相互依存、相互影响,共同构成了主谓一致的规则体系。
遵循这些原则可以使我们的句子更加准确、通顺和易于理解。
因此,在写作和表达中,我们应该时刻注意主谓一致的三条原则,以避免语法错误和歧义的产生。
英语语法总结主谓一致
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英语语法总结主谓一致英语语法总结主谓一致总结就是对一个时期的学习、工作或其完成情况进行一次全面系统的回顾和分析的书面材料,它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力,让我们一起来学习写总结吧。
那么总结要注意有什么内容呢?下面是店铺整理的英语语法总结主谓一致,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
英语语法总结主谓一致11.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时,谓语动词用单数。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都来了。
Each of the boys has an apple.2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.3. 主语是:时间,距离,价格等名词,即使是复数形式,谓语动词只用单数。
Three years passes quickly.Two meters is not long enough.4.主语是:clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时,谓语动词用复数。
The trousers are not expensive.Your socks are over there.5.主语是:family, class, team, group等名词时,如果是作为整体,谓语动词用单数;如果作为其中一个个的成员,谓语动词用复数。
英语句子的主谓一致
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英语句子的主谓一致(使用作文的格式)英语句子的主谓一致英语语法中,主语和谓语动词之间需要保持一致,这被称为主谓一致。
主谓一致是英语句子的基本要求之一,它使得句子更加清晰、易于理解。
本文将探讨英语句子的主谓一致规则,并提供一些实用的示例来帮助读者更好地理解和运用主谓一致规则。
一、主谓一致的基本规则在英语句子中,主语和谓语动词在人称和数上需要保持一致。
具体而言,如果主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要使用单数形式;如果主语是第三人称复数或任何其他人称,谓语动词要使用复数形式。
下面是一些主谓一致的基本规则:1. 单数主语 + 单数谓语动词:He walks to school every day.(他每天步行去上学。
)2. 复数主语 + 复数谓语动词:They love playing basketball.(他们喜欢打篮球。
)3. 第三人称单数主语 + 单数谓语动词:She sings beautifully.(她唱得很好听。
)4. 非第三人称单数主语 + 复数谓语动词:I like reading books.(我喜欢阅读书籍。
)二、特殊情况下的主谓一致除了上述基本规则外,还存在一些特殊情况下的主谓一致规则需要注意。
以下是一些常见的特殊情况及其规则:1. 过去式动词当谓语动词是过去式时,无论主语是单数还是复数,谓语动词都要使用单数形式。
例如:The dog barked all night.(那只狗整晚都在叫。
)The children played in the park yesterday.(孩子们昨天在公园里玩。
)2. 不可数名词不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要使用单数形式。
例如:Music is my passion.(音乐是我的激情。
)3. 关系代词当关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词一致。
例如:The house that John built is beautiful.(约翰建造的房子很漂亮。
英语语法原则主谓一致三原则
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英语语法原则主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则是指形式一致原则,意义一致原则,临近一致原则,小编在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。
1. 形式一致的原则一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:如:(1) He likes skating in winter.他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如 boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主谓一致英语语法详细讲解
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主谓一致英语中,主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结:一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1. 由and/both...and...连接的两个单数名词作主语时(两个冠词),谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。
例如:A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。
【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时(一个冠词),谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:①A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。
②The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。
2. 一个单数名词同时被and连接的两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。
【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。
3. 当each...and each...,every...and every...,no...and no...,many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:①No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。
②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。
英语语法主谓一致
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语法一致
(13) 集合名词group, class, family, team, group, government, army, enemy等作主语时,如果强调整 体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调成员个体,则用复数。 eg. My family is a large one . 我的家是个大家庭。 The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 家里 人(指家庭成员)都坐在桌旁。 The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。 The family enjoy singing and dancing.这家人喜欢 唱歌跳舞。 The class are having a meeting.这个班学生在开会。 The class is not very big.这个班不是大班。
语法一致
(8)A (large) number of +复数名词+复数谓语。 eg. A number of books are over there. a large amount of + 不可数名词+单数谓语。 eg. A large amount of money has been spent. “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时,谓语动 词要用单数,表“…的数量”。如: eg. The number of the students in our class is 63.
语法一致
None of them has/ have arrived yet. Neither of them knows/ know the answer. None of this money is mine. Neither of them is/ are right. None of you is/ are fit for the job. neither 作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动 词用单数。如: Neither statement was true. 两个陈述都不真 实。
高三英语语法讲解----主谓一致
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一、定义:主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括 语法一致、意义一致和就近一致. (1)语法一致:谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致 (2)意义一致:谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致 (3)就近一致:谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致
02 related knowledge
二、意义一致
(4)“many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Many a child was playing there. 很多孩子在那边玩 (5)在定语从句中,关系代词如果在从句中作主语,根据先行词决定 从句谓语动词的单复数;在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导 的从句中,谓语动词用复数;但之前有the(only)等修饰语时,从句中的 谓语动词用单数。 Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.
一、语法一致
(6)what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名 词的单复数。 What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study. 最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度 What her father left her are only some books. 她父亲留给她的只有一些书 (7)such作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。 Such is Stephen Hawking,who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 这就是史蒂芬·霍金,他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就 Such are the results we have got. 这些就是我们所取得的成果
主谓一致语法总结
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主谓一致语法总结主谓一致指的是主语与动词在人称和数上要保持一致。
在英语语法中,当主语是单数形式时,动词要用第三人称单数形式,而当主语是复数形式时,动词要用复数形式。
这个规则适用于所有时态和语气。
以下是关于主谓一致的总结。
一、基本原则1.在简单句中,主语与动词必须一致。
例子:- The cat sleeps on the sofa.(猫在沙发上睡觉。
)- The birds are singing in the trees.(鸟儿们在树上唱歌。
)2.一般情况下,主语与动词的单复数形式一致。
例子:- My dog likes to play with balls.(我的狗喜欢玩弹球。
)- The students are studying for their exams.(学生们正在为考试而学习。
)3. 当主语为第三人称单数(he、she、it)时,动词要用第三人称单数(-s或-es结尾)。
例子:- She sings beautifully.(她唱得很好听。
)- The cat jumps over the fence.(猫跳过了围栏。
)二、特殊情况1.当主语以复数形式出现,但表示一个整体或一个团体时,动词要用单数形式。
例子:- The team is training for the championship.(团队正在为锦标赛进行训练。
)2.有些名词看上去是复数形式,但实际上是单数形式,动词应该与它们保持单数一致。
例子:- Physics is my favorite subject.(物理是我最喜欢的科目。
)- News travels fast.(新闻传播很快。
)3.复合主语中的多个名词如果表示同一事物或一个整体,动词要用单数形式;如果表示不同事物或多个个体,动词要用复数形式。
例子:- My mother and I are going shopping.(我妈妈和我去购物。
)4.在倒装句中,助动词要与主语保持一致。
英语语法---主谓一致
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第一讲主谓一致“一致”(Concord 或Agreement)是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致,主语与补语的一致,限定词与名词中心词的一致,人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致,名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系,这又叫做“主——动一致”(Subject ——verb Concord)。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组),即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord),意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数,动词就用复数形式;如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词,动词就用单数形式。
例如:Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但有复数意义,随后的动词就用复数;主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上可视为单数,随后的动词用单数。
例如:The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式,而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。
主谓一致语法详解
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英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词的一致。
主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。
主谓一致原则:1、语法上的一致所谓语法一致原则,即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。
谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语为单数或者是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。
We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。
使用语法一致的情况(1)当主语是and,both…and连接的并列结构如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。
My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。
注意:由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。
No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。
(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如:with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。
The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。
英语语法中的主谓一致
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This is the one of the books on the subject that has ever been written in Chinese.
2.[注]在“代词+定语从句”中,从句中的谓语人称,性,数要与被修饰的代词保持一致
(many a student=many students)
More than one person was involved in the case.
Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
4)##### and所连接的两个单数名词作主语,指同一人、同一件事或同一概念时,其谓语动词用单数。例如:
英语语法中的主谓一致问题
第二讲
英语中的一致
是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性、时等方面保持一致的协调关系。
1。人称一致:
1)主语与谓语动词之间:
除动词be有不同的人称形式以及have有特殊的单数第三人称现在时has外,其他动词只有单数第三人称现在时加-s/-es,其余的人称在动词形式上并无特殊的标记。
My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.
3) many a…或 many a …and…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
【例如】
Many a student doesn't like to do their homework.
主谓一致英语语法考点知识总结
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主谓一致周容发布时间: 2010-8-6 10:10:19英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
这种一致关系一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则、概念(意义)一致原则、毗邻一致原则。
在用英语表达时,必须注意主谓一致,否则就容易出错。
本文以三条原则为基础对英语主谓一致进行论述。
1、语法上一致(grammatial concord)。
主要指动词和主语在数和人称上的一致。
传统语法规则大多符合这个原则。
1〉主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如:This girl is clever enough to study maths well.The masses have full confidence in the their leaders2〉、一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具,作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式,如glasses(眼镜),clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses(圆规),shopsticks,scissors,scales(天平),spectacles(眼镜),gloves,stochings,pants等。
例如:His trousers have worn out .My glasses are new .但如果主语由“a kind of ,a pair of , a series of 等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例如:A pair of shoes was in the box .“pair , piece + of + 名词或物主代词”作主语时,谓语动词与pair 和 piece 等词保持一致,与of 之后的名词或代词无关。
例如:The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple , 60 metres higher up the hill .They watched pairs of people who were sitting in college coffee—shops for at least an hour .3〉、如果主语被more than one….或many a ….修饰时,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
英语语法-----主谓一致
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• All the furniture is made of wood. • Some equipment is still at the
experimental stage.
需要记住的: furniture(家具)、equipment(设备)、 merchandise(商品),baggage(行李)、
more time to be
其他形式主谓一致
2. 分数/百分数+of+名词/代词作主语时,谓语的数应与of后面的名词或代词的数保持一致
• Two thirds of food has been sent to that area. • Ten percent of top universities have received subsidies.
并列主语主谓一致
3. and连接并列的单数名词作主语且单数名词被each,every, no等定语修饰时,谓语动词用单数
• Each book and magazine has to be returned on time. • Every door and window in this house has to be repaired.
• Many a student likes to take Professor Smith’s class.
• His advice has been adopted in
the meeting.
4. more than one +名词单数作主语,谓语用单数 2. 集体名词为不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数
主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非只取决于语法上的单复数形式,还取决于主语的单复 数意义。有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但含有复数意义,其后的谓语动词应用复 数形式;反之,主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上是单数,其后的谓语动词应用 单数形式。这种一致关系叫作"概念/意义一致原则"。
英语语法——主谓一致
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主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。
一般情况下,主谓一致关系由语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近原则支配。
下面我们分别来学习3种原则下的特殊用法及种类:语法一致原则语法一致原则:即谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语是单数,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。
例:Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。
A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期内造成大量损害。
1、主语是不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.Smoking is not a good habit. 吸烟是个坏习惯To study in the United States is my greatest desire. 去米国学习是我最大的愿望What I said is true. 我说的是真的2、由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一人或物的时候,谓语动词用单数The singer and songwriter is dead. 这个歌手兼作曲家死了The science and technology plays an important part in China. 科学与技术在我国扮演着举足轻重的地位“War and Peace”is the best book I have ever read. 《战争与和平》是我读过最好的书。
注意:如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用主语要用单数名词。
Every boy and girl in the class works veryhard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.3、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数;主语是负数,谓语动词则用复数Jack with his family wants to go to China. 杰克和他的家人想去中国。
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主谓一致主谓一致是指:语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,1.语法一致的原则语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时,其谓语动词要与其相呼应。
Reading and writing are very important.注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were (答案: B)但在英语句子中,有些特殊情况一定要处理好:1)以along with,together with,with,like, as well as,no less than, accompanied by,rather than,but,except连接的两个主语时,其谓语的单复数应以第一个主语为主。
如:Several passengers,together with the driver,were hurt.No one except my parents knows anything about it.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.例题:(1) No one but her parents _______ it.A. knowB. knowsC. is knowingD. are knowin (答案: B)(2) Alice, together with two boys, _____ for having broken the rule.A. was punishedB. punishedC. were punishedD. being punished (答案: A) 2)表示时间、重量、长度、价格等的复数名词作主语,从整体来看时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Fifty years is not a long time.Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.3)非谓语动词、从句或其它短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.How the book will sell depends on the author.例题:(1) What we need _______ good textbooks.A. isB. areC. haveD. has (答案:B)注意:由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,所指的具体内容若是复数意义,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
(2)“All ____ present and all ______ going on well.” Our monitor said.A. is, isB. are, areC. are, isD. is, are (答案:C)4)如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词,但前面有each,every,no等词修饰时,谓语用单数。
如:Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.例题Every boy and every girl _____ to attend the evening party.A. wishB. wishesC. is likeD. like (答案:B)2. 意义一致的原则意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单数或复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面的语法标志。
1) 某些集合名词后可跟单数动词也可跟复数动词。
如果这些集合名词指整体概念,谓语用单数;如果指具体成员,谓语用复数。
如:The population of the earth is increasing very fast.One third of the population here are workers.类似这样的集合名词有:family,class,audience,committee,crowd,crew,group,party,population,team,public,council,village等。
做这类题时一定要认真分析集合名词所指的是整体还是整体中的若干个人。
例题:The police _____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching forD. were searching (答案:D)2) 有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.3) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of, the rest of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.例题:The rest of the magazines _____ within half an hour.A. is sold out wasB. are sold outC. was sold outD. were sold out (答案:B)4) 在一些短语,如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.例题:(1)_______ food is kept in his new cave.A. Large quantities ofB. A great deal ofC. A large number ofD. Quite a few (答案:B)(2) Many a man _____ come to help us.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are (答案:B)3.就近原则1).由there或here引起的主语,而且又不只是一个时,采取就近原则。
如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.Here is a pen,a few envelopes and some paper for you.2).当or, either…or…与neither…nor和not only...but also等连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or she is to go.Not only the mother but also the children were hurt.综合练习1. Every possible means ___ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used2.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known3.All but one _____ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were4.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be5.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. have offeredC. are offeredD. has offered6.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided7.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.A. were;wasB. was;wasC. was ;wereD. were ;were8._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth , isB. Two fifth , areC. Two fifths , isD. Two fifths , are9.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.A. haveB. hasC. have beenD. has been10.Between then two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.A. standB. standsC. standingD. are11.All that can be done______.A. has been doneB. has doneC. have doneD. were done12.They each _____ a new dictionary.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are13.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is14.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15.The wounded _______ by the hospital.A. have been taken in C. has been taken in C. have taken in D. has taken in。