Ralph_Waldo_Emerson

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爱默生简介中英文对照

爱默生简介中英文对照

Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for man to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic; "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.―
While his writing style can be seen as somewhat impenetrable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson's essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man."

高考语文 人物篇:爱默生作文素材

高考语文 人物篇:爱默生作文素材

语文:高考作文素材:人物篇——爱默生爱默生拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生(RalphWaldoEmerson,1803~1882),美国散文作家、思想家、诗人和演说家。

他被认为是美国19世纪最伟大的人物之一,他的人本主义思想和自立主张对美国人民和美国历史的发展有着深远影响。

林肯曾高度赞扬他的思想,称他是“美国精神的先知”、“美国的孔子”。

文学批评家劳伦斯·布尔在《爱默生传》说,爱默生与他的学说,是美国最重要的世俗宗教。

爱默生1803年5月出生于马萨诸塞州波士顿附近的康考德村,1882年4月27日在波士顿因肺病逝世。

他出身牧师家庭,自幼丧父,由母亲和姑母抚养他成人。

曾就读于哈佛大学,在校期间,他阅读了大量英国浪漫主义作家的作品,丰富了思想,开阔了视野。

毕业后,曾执教两年,之后进入哈佛神学院,担任基督教惟一的神教派牧师,并开始布道。

1837年8月31日,爱默生在美国大学生联谊会上发表了《论美国学者》的著名演讲,这一演讲轰动一时,对美国民族文化的兴起产生了巨大影响,被誉为是美国“思想上的独立宣言”。

爱默生的著作大多是散文,主要作品包括《随笔》(1841)、《随笔:第二辑》(1844)、《代表人物》(1850)和《英国人的性格》(1856)等作品。

爱默生的散文写作非常有特色,文章注重思想内容而没有华丽的词藻,行文犹如格言,哲理深入浅出,说服力强,且有典型的“爱默生风格”。

有人这样评价他的文字——“爱默生似乎只写警句”。

这种风格和爱默生阅读广泛有关,也和他每年都写下的厚厚的笔记有关。

爱默生的传记作者小罗伯特·D·理查森说,爱默生不是一个系统的读者,但他是浏览和做综合笔记的天才,他是矿工们所说的高速鉴别机,通过对书籍资料广泛的挖掘,筛选最精华的部分。

Ww散文写作让爱默生进入了以蒙田为代表的经典随笔作家的行列,但按照爱默生最初的想法,也许他更钟爱的是自己诗人的这一角色。

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生

Nature 自然(1836):the manifesto of American transcendentalism and the Bible of New England transcendentalism. The American Scholar 美国学者(1837): America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence. Self-Reliance 论自助 (1841):the importance of cultivating oneself
• The ultimate characteristics of Transcendentalism is: • the belief that man can intuitively transcend the limits of the scenes and those of logic, and receive directly higher truths and greater knowledge which is denied to the mundane methods of knowing.
• While his writing style can be seen as somewhat impenetrable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson's essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man."

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson

American transcendentalism was an important movemment in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century(about 1836-1860).

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Life Experience
I n In In
1817,he was born in Concord, Massachusetts. 1833,Thoreau studied at Harvard University,and graduated in 1837. 1837,taught in the Concord school,but resigned soon. public
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(1803-1882)
英本二班 乔佳琪
Biographical introduction


Ralph Waldo Emerson

An American essayist,
philosopher and poet The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.


Significance

Transcendentalism can be best understood as a late and localized manifestation of romantic movement in literature and philosophy. It is represented by two major writers of the country,Emerson and Thoreau(梭罗).

拉尔夫 沃尔多 爱默生

拉尔夫 沃尔多 爱默生
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
美国思想家文学家诗人
01 早年经历
03 人物评价
目录
02 文学生涯
基本信息
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803年5月25日-1882年4月27日),生于美国波士顿。 美国思想家、文学家、诗人。爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物,是新英格兰超验主义最杰出的代言人。美 国总统林肯称他为“美国的孔子”、“美国文明之父”。代表作品《论自然》,《美国学者》。其中《论自然》 被认为是新英格兰超验主义的圣经,而《美国学者》被誉为“美国思想文化领域的独立宣言”。他的哲学思想吸 收了欧洲唯心主义先验论,发展成为超验主义。
他的第一任妻子是埃伦·塔克,她在20岁时因罹患肺结核,于1831年2月8日过世。
1832年,一次与教会干事关于圣餐服务的管理权争执及关于公众祈祷的疑虑让他辞职了。1832年以后,爱 默生到欧洲各国游历,结识了浪漫主义先驱华兹华斯和柯尔律治,接受了他们的先验论思想,对他思想体系的形 成具有很大影响。
签名在1832年至33年间,爱默生到欧洲旅游,这段经历记载在《英国人的性格》(English Traits) (1856年)中。在旅途中,他遇到了威廉·华兹华斯、柯尔律治、约翰·斯图尔特·密尔和托马斯·卡莱尔。
文学生涯
论文集
人物影响
论文集
1840年爱默生任超验主义刊物《日晷》的主编,进一步宣扬超验主义思想。后来他把自己的演讲汇编成书, 这就是著名的《论文集》。《论文集》第一集于1841年发表,包括《论自助》("Self-Reliance")、《论超灵》 ("Over-soul")、《论补偿》、《论爱》、《论友谊》等12篇论文。三年后,《论文集》第二集也出版了。这 部著作为爱默生赢得了巨大的声誉,他的思想被称为超验主义的核心,他本人则被冠以“美国的文艺复兴领袖” 之美誉。

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson

Biographical introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson
An American essayist, philosopher and poet The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
Son of a New England clergymen Experienced “genteel poverty”
Origins and Sources
foreign influences: 1) introduction of idealistic philosophy from
Germany and France. During his tour to Europe, he met and made friends with Coleridge, Carlyle, and Wordsworth and brought back with him the influence of European Romanticism. 2) Oriental mysticism such as Hinduism and the philosophy of the Chinese Confucius and Mencius. native influence:
Major works
Nature《论自然》 “The American Scholar”《美国学者》 “The Divinity School Address”《神学院演说》 “Self-Reliance” 《论自助》 “Over-soul” 《论超灵》
Nature (1836)
Nature is one of Emerson’s

Ralph Waldo Emerson 简介

Ralph Waldo Emerson 简介

Core beliefs of Transcendentalism
• Finding its root in the word "transcend" Transcendentalists believed individuals could transcend to a higher being of existence in nature. • God is located in the soul of each individual • Humanity's potential is limitless. • Experience is valued over scholarship.
Emerson’s Life
• Upset in the 1860s by the coming of the Civil War, ved a quiet life with his family. • His house burnt to the ground in 1872. • Died on April 27th, 1882.
The Founder of Transcendentalism: Ralph Waldo Emerson
What is Transcendentalism
• Transcendentalism was a literary movement that flourished during the middle 19th century (1836-1860). • It began as a rebellion against traditiionally held beliefs by the English Church that God superseded the individual.

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生

Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生

Transcendentalism is a group of new ideas in literature and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early-to-middle 19th century. It is sometimes called American Transcendentalism to distinguish it from other uses of the word transcendental. The movement developed in the 1830s and 40s as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church taught at Harvard Divinity School.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Full name : Ralph Waldo Emerson
Born : May 25, 1803
Died : April 27, 1882 Era : 19th century philosophy Region : Western Philosophy Scholden by Henry David Thoreau is one of the best-known non-fiction books written by an American. Published in 1854, it details Thoreau‘s sojourn(旅居) in a cabin near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau lived at Walden for two years, two months, and two days, but Walden was written so that the stay appears to be a year, with expressed seasonal divisions. Thoreau did not intend to live as a hermit, for he received visitors and returned their visits.

RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生作品赏析

RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生作品赏析
艺术手法
语言简练有力,富有激情,具有强 烈的感染力。
《论美》
主题
探讨美的本质和意义。
内容
通过对美的不同表现形式的探讨,阐述作者对美的独特见解,强调 内在美的重要性。
艺术手法
运用丰富的比喻和形象的描绘,使作品具有很高的审美价值。
04
Emerson作品中的思想 内涵
超验主义思想
超验主义定义
超验主义是19世纪美国的一场思想运动,强调直觉、个人主义和内在的精神力 量。
02
对美国文化和思想产生了深远影响。
对后世作家如梭罗、惠特曼等人产生了重要影响。
03
02
Emerson作品风格
语言特点
01
02
03
简洁明了
Emerson的作品语言简练, 表达清晰,没有过多的修 辞和华丽辞藻,却能深入 人心。
富有哲理
他的文字富含深刻的哲理, 常常通过日常生活中的小 事来阐述人生的大道理。
02
1821年毕业于哈佛大学。
03
1836年开始担任波士顿第二教堂的牧师。
04
1838年辞去教职,开始独立写作和演讲生 涯。
文学成就
1836年发表第一部作品 《自然》。
1850年发表自传体散文集 《经历》。
1844年发表《论美》。 1857年发表《论历史》。
对后世影响
01
被誉为“美国文艺复兴之父”。
新视角
随着研究的深入,学者们开始从新的视角对Emerson的作品进行解读, 如生态批评、性别研究等。
研究展望
跨学科研究
未来对Emerson的研究将更加注重跨学科的 方法,如文学与哲学、文学与心理学等。
比较研究
未来可以将Emerson的作品与其他作家的作品进行 比较研究,以更深入地理解他的作品。

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
人物简介
主要作品 主要影响
名言警句
人物简介
拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生 (Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803年—1882年),生于 波士顿。美国思想家、文 学家,诗人。爱默生是确 立美国文化精神的代表人 物,美国前总统林肯称他 为“美国的孔子”、“美 国文明之父”。
爱默生出身牧师家庭,自幼 丧父,由母亲和姑母抚养他成 人。曾就读于哈佛大学,在校 期间,他阅读了大量英国浪漫 主义作家的作品,丰富了思想, 开阔了视野。毕业后曾执教两 年,之后进入哈佛神学院,担 任基督教唯一的神教派牧师, 并开始布道。
主要作品
1835年,爱默生和其他志趣相投的知识分子创立 了“超验俱乐部”,直到1840年,爱默生用化名出版 了他的第一本小品文《论自然》(Nature)。
简陋的拱桥边下河水流淌, 旗帜迎着四月的微风飘扬, 从戎征战的农夫, 在此打响了声震全球的一枪。 敌人早已死去, 征服者正在安息; 时光把桥梁的残骸扫入了 那缓缓流向大海的暗淡江河小溪。 我们今天奉献上一座石碑, 在碧绿的岸上,在深沉平缓的河边; 愿人们的缅怀重现他们的伟绩, 直至我们的子孙,永远。 激励英雄拼死搏击、 换来儿辈自由的神灵啊, 嘱咐时光和自然慷慨保存下来 我们为英雄、为你竖起的这座丰碑。

Unless you try to do something beyond what you have already mastered, you will never grow. 如果你不尝试自己能力之外的事情,你永远不会成长。
1837年爱默生以《美国学者》为题发表了一篇著 名的演讲辞,宣告美国文学已脱离英国文学而独立, 告诫美国学者不要让学究习气蔓延,不要盲目地追随 传统,不要进行纯粹的摹仿。另外这篇讲辞还抨击了 美国社会的拜金主义,强调人的价值。被誉为美国思 想文化领域的“独ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้宣言”。

爱默生资料

爱默生资料

爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803-1882)是美国伟大的思想家、文学家、演说家、励志先驱,被称为―美国精神先知‖、―美国的孔子‖(林肯语),―确立美国文化精神的代表人物,就像雨果对于法国或是托尔斯泰对于俄国,爱默生确立了美国模式‖(约翰逊)。

旅居美国大半生的才女张爱玲一生只翻译了一册美国人的书,那就是―爱默生选集‖,她曾说过:―爱默生的作品即使在今日看来,也仍旧没有失去时效。

‖历史上,众多励志大师如戴尔·卡耐基、拿破仑·希尔、奥格·曼狄诺等曾经受到了爱默生―第一个论点依靠自我,尊重自我‖思想的影响和启发。

―依靠自我,尊重自我,独立自助,祟尚个性‖,这是美国精神的的突出特征,也是美国企业文化的精髓,美国社会的迅猛发展与美国个人才智的充分展现,正与这种精神息息相关。

Historically, many inspirational artists such as Dale Carnegie • Napoleon • Hill, Ogg • Man Dinuo so Emerson has been "to rely on self, respect f or self," thinking of the impact and inspiration. "Relying on self, respect for self and independent self-help, pursues individuality", which is the spirit of the prominent features of the United States, is the essence of American culture, American society and the rapid development of individual―美洲大陆的懒散智力,将要睁开它惺松的眼睑……我们依赖旁人的日子,我们师从它国的长期学徒时代即将结束。

Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生超验主义

Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生超验主义
1860年发表了自传体小说《经 历》,记录了自己的人生经历 和思考。
对美国文学的影响
爱默生的作品强调个人主义、自然主义和超验主义,对后来的美国文学产生了深远 的影响。
他主张通过个体的自我完善和超越来达到与宇宙的合一,这种思想影响了许多后来 的作家和思想家。
爱默生的作品语言简练、思想深邃,对美国文学的语言和思想产生了重要的影响。
超验主义的体现
在《论自助》中,爱默生强调了超验主义的理念,即通过 个体的直觉和感悟来超越感官和理性,达到更高的精神境 界。
《美国学者》的解析
美国文化的反思
在《美国学者》中,爱默生对美国文化进行了深刻的反思和批判,认为美国文化过于注重 实用和功利,缺乏精神和灵魂。
学者的使命
爱默生认为学者应该承担起引领社会的使命,通过自己的智慧和才华来推动社会进步和人 类发展。
1821年进入哈佛大学学习,开始接触文学和哲学。
1833年开始发表诗歌和散文,逐渐成为美国文学的重 要人物。
文学成就
1836年出版了第一部诗集《诗 集》,奠定了他在美国文学史
上的地位。
1844年发表了著名散文《自然 》,强调个人与自然的和谐统
一。
1850年出版了代表作《代表人 》,通过对个人性格的描述来 探讨人类普遍的命运。
倡导个体超越自我
爱默生认为个体可以通过自我超越,达到更高的精神境界和智慧, 从而更好地理解和应对世界。
自然的神圣地位
强调自然与人类精神的联系
01
爱默生认为自然是人类精神的重要来源和滋养,通过与自然的
接触可以获得灵感和智慧。
赞美自然的美丽和力量
02
爱默生认为自然具有神圣的地位,它的美丽和力量可以激发人
02
超验主义概述

爱默生简介中英文对照

爱默生简介中英文对照
While his writing style can be seen as somewhat impenetrable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson's essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man."
Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for man to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic; "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.―

Ralph waldo Emerson

Ralph waldo Emerson

In 1836, published his first book, Nature
1835年9月,爱默 生和其他志趣相 投的知识分子创 立了“超验俱乐 部”,直到1840 年7月,爱默生用 化名出版了他在 1836年9月创作的 第一本小品文 《论自然》
In September 1836, Emerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental club, which served as a center for the movement.
The group published its journal, The Dial, in July 1840.
(Nature)。
A Famous Lecturer
这篇文章堪称美 国学者标举学术 独立、摆脱对欧 洲依附关系的" 独立宣言",美国 的学术思想由此 an Scholar 《美国学者》
“美国文明之父”
拉尔夫· 沃尔多· 爱默生
人物简介
拉尔夫· 沃尔多· 爱默生, 美国思想家,诗人。 1836年出版处女作《论 自然》。他文学上的贡 献主要在散文和诗歌上。
拉尔夫· 沃尔多· 爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803年- 1882年),生于波士顿。 美国 思想家、文学家,诗人。 爱默 生是确立美国文化精神的代表人 物。 美国前总统林肯称他为 “美国的孔子”、“美国文明之 父”。1803年5月25日出生于马 萨诸塞州波士顿附近的康考德村, 1882年4月27日在波士顿逝世。 他的生命几乎横贯19世纪的美 国,他出生时候的美国热闹却混 沌,一些人意识到它代表着某种 新力量的崛起,却无人能够清晰 的表达出来。

爱默生的自然智慧

爱默生的自然智慧

爱默生的自然智慧爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)是19世纪美国的一位著名思想家、哲学家和作家,他被公认为是美国文学的重要人物之一。

他的许多作品都强调了与自然相连的重要性,提倡个人独立和自由的思考。

本文将探讨爱默生的自然智慧,解读他对自然界的独特见解以及这些见解对今天的启示。

一、爱默生与自然的关系爱默生深信人类与自然界之间存在一种紧密而和谐的联系。

他认为自然界是充满智慧的,人们可以通过观察和与之亲近来获取智慧。

他称这种智慧为“亲近自然的智慧(Wisdom of Nature)”。

爱默生相信,通过与自然界紧密接触,人们可以感受到自然的力量和美丽,从而更好地理解人类与自然之间的相互依存关系。

他主张个体应该与自然保持直接的联系,并通过亲身经历赋予自己智慧与洞察力。

二、爱默生的自然观在爱默生的作品中,他详细阐述了自己对自然的独特观点。

他认为自然是一种充满智慧和生命力的存在,每一个生命体都有其独特的目的和意义。

他称这种智慧为“自然智慧(Transcendental Wisdom)”。

爱默生相信自然是源源不断地变化和更新的,其中包含着无穷的智慧和启示。

他主张个体应该通过与自然的融合来获取这种智慧。

通过与自然的亲近,人们可以获得内在的平静和灵感,从而提升自己的生活质量和思维方式。

三、爱默生对教育的看法爱默生在自己的作品中强调了教育的重要性,并提出了一种新颖而与众不同的教育理念。

他主张教育应该注重培养个人独立思考和自由表达的能力。

他认为教育不应该仅仅是死记硬背和知识灌输,而应该通过激发学生的创造力和独立思考,培养他们成为自由而有思想的人。

爱默生强调了教育与自然的联系,他认为教育应该让学生更加亲近自然,通过与自然的互动来获取智慧和洞察。

他主张教育应该是一种与自然和谐相处的过程,而不仅仅是在教室里灌输知识。

四、爱默生的影响力爱默生对后世的影响深远。

他的作品激发了人们对自然的热爱和对个人独立思考的重视。

Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生作品赏析

Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生作品赏析

Life Story


3 years after he became the sole pastor, he had a crisis of faith, finding that he "was not interested" in the rite of Communion. (teacher/reform) Eventually Emerson's controversial views caused his resignation. However, he never ceased to be both teacher and preacher, although without the support of any concrete idea of God.
Life Story

Emerson's health started to fail after the partial burning of his house in 1872. He made his last tour abroad in 1872-1873, and then withdrew more and more from public life. Emerson died on April 27, 1882 in Concord.
Life Story


Emerson's first and only settlement was at the important Second Unitarian Church of Boston, where he became sole pastor in 1830. In 1832, Emerson traveled to Europe where he met poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth who introduce him to Romantic notions of nature and philosophy.(Introduction to Transcendental Thought)

RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生

RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生

Among transcendentalists' core beliefs was the belief in an ideal spiritual state that "transcends" the physical and empirical and is realized only through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions. The major figures in the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman.
Transcendentalism is a group of new ideas in literature and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early-to-middle 19th century. It is sometimes called American Transcendentalism to distinguish it from other uses of the word transcendental. The movement developed in the 1830s and 40s as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church taught at Harvard Divinity School.

RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生作品赏析

RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生作品赏析
5
Life Story
? Emerson's first and only settlement was at the important Second Unitarian Church of Boston, where he became sole pastor in 1830.
? In 1832, Emerson traveled to Europe where he met poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth who introduce him to Romantic notions of nature and philosophy.(Introduction to Transcendental Thought)
? Despite the hardships, all the Emerson boys, except one, graduated from Harvard University.
4
Life Story
? In 1825 he began to study at the Harvard Divinity School, and the next year he was licensed to preach by the Middlesex Association of Ministers.
? In 1829 Emerson married the seventeen-year-old Ellen Louisa Tucker, who died in 1831 from tuberculosis (肺结 核). ( legacy/ traveling, lecturing, and writing )

爱默生思想家的人生哲学与启示

爱默生思想家的人生哲学与启示

爱默生思想家的人生哲学与启示爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)是19世纪美国著名思想家、作家和演讲家,他的思想对于美国文化和哲学的发展具有重要的影响。

爱默生的人生哲学以个人主义、自我实现和自然的关系为核心,他的思想启示给我们带来了许多重要的思考和实践价值。

本文将探讨爱默生思想家的人生哲学,并讨论其给我们的启示和影响。

1. 个人主义与独立思考爱默生坚信每个人都是独立的个体,具有独特的思想和创造力。

他主张个人主义,鼓励人们独立思考,并敢于追随自己内心的声音。

在他的著作《自立》中,爱默生写道:“胜过整个世界,胜过整个宇宙的是一个独立个体的独创力量。

”这种个人主义的理念告诉我们,每个人都应该有勇气追求自己的梦想和利益,而不是盲从他人。

这一思想给我们带来的启示是,我们应该培养独立思考的能力,并根据自己的价值观和目标来做出决策。

不要被社会舆论或他人的期待所束缚,要相信和追随自己的内心声音。

2. 自我实现与天赋发掘爱默生认为个人应该努力实现自己的独特潜能和天赋。

他主张人们发掘和培养自己的才能,并充分展现自己的个性和创造力。

在他的著作《自信》中,他写道:“自我信心是成功的第一要素。

”他强调每个人都应该相信自己的能力,并追求自己的梦想和目标。

这一思想给我们带来的启示是,我们应该积极发掘自己的天赋和潜能,并在实现个人目标的道路上坚定信心。

只有相信自己,才能找到真正属于自己的意义和成就。

3. 自然与灵性爱默生深信自然是人们取得灵感和平静的源泉。

他强调人与自然的关系,鼓励人们去感知和欣赏大自然的美丽和智慧。

在他的著作《自然》中,他写道:“在自然中,我找到了答案。

”他认为自然可以唤醒我们的灵感和创造力,让我们更加接近自己的内心世界。

这一思想给我们带来的启示是,我们应该与自然建立更密切的联系,并从中汲取力量和智慧。

无论是在大自然中散步、观察星空,还是在花园里种植、享受阳光,都可以让我们与自身的内在世界更加和谐,找到平衡和灵感。

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“Believe in Yourself” is the core point of “Self-Reliance.”
“Over-soul”
"Over-soul" is the ninth essay in the 1841 edition of Emerson's
Essays, and it remains one of
2. The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.
3. The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbol of the Spirit of God.
best-known and most influential essays, it is a lyrical expression of the harmony Emerson felt between himself and nature. The main idea of the essay is that nature inspires spiritual understanding in human being. It’s considered as the Bible of Transcendentalism.
“Self-Reliance”(1841)
“Self-Reliance” is his significant work which expresses his idea of transcendentalism, one focus of which is the primacy of the individual. So it explores individualism at the heart of Emerson’s Transcendental faith: the dignity and the ultimate sanctity of each human being.
Major works
Nature《论自然》 “The American Scholar”《美国学者》 “The Divinity School Address”《神学院演说》 “Self-Reliance” 《论自助》 “Over-soul” 《论超灵》
Nature (1836)
Nature is one of Emerson’s
Other essays: “Representative Men” “English Traits” “The Conduct of Life” ……
《代表性人物》 《英国人的特性》 《论为人处事》
Emerson’s influence
Emerson’s importance in the intellectual history of America lies in the fact that he embodied a new nation’s desire and struggle to assert its own identity in its formative period.
His aesthetics brought about a revolution in American literature. It marked the birth of true American poetry.
He called for an independent culture, which represented the desire of the whole nation to develop a culture of its own.
the best sources of information about his faith. In it, he outlines his belief in a God who resides in each of us and whom we can communicate with, without membership in a church or the assistance of an intermediary church official.
Origins and Sources
foreign influences: 1) introduction of idealistic philosophy from
Germany and France. During his tour to Europe, he met and made friends with Coleridge, Carlyle, and Wordsworth and brought back with him the influence of European Romanticism. 2) Oriental mysticism such as Hinduism and the philosophy of the Chinese Confucius and Mencius. native influence:
as a child Went to Harvard, reconsider
Calvinist belief, embraced Unitarianism Became a Unitarian minister to the Second church of Boston Left his job for Europe and brought back European Romanticism Formed Transcendentalist Club and its journal “the Dial”, became spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
Emerson’s influence
During his lifetime he was considered one of the two or three best writers in America, and certainly the most influential among his contemporaries.
Transcendentalism
As Emerson said, “transcendentalism is idealism; idealism as appears in 1842.”
In 1842, a group of people who were not happy about the materialistic-oriented life at that time, formed
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. declared this speech to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence".
“The Divinity School Address”(1838)
The address touched off a major controversy among American Unitarian theologians, primarily about the necessity of belief in the historical truth of the Biblical miracles, but involving other secondary issues as well. The Unitarian establishment of New England and of Harvard Divinity School rejected Emerson's teachings outright for the next thirty years.
“The American Scholar”(1837)
Sixty years after declaring independence, American culture was still heavily influenced by Europe, and Emerson, for possibly the first time in the country's history, provided a visionary philosophical framework for escaping "from under its iron lids" and building a new, distinctive American cultural identity.
Biographical introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson
An American essayist, philosopher and poet The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
Son of a New England clergymen Experienced “genteel poverty”
American uritan tradition
Features of New England Transcendentalism
1. The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over-soul, as the most important thing in the universe. (the Over-soul was omnipresent and omnipotent)
an informal club, Transcendental Club to express their views, publish their journal, the Dial, and make their
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