北航05年英语专业考研基础英语试题
2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3精选全文完整版
精选全文完整版2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3Text 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain isas active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control itscourse. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Musicand Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the aut hentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question ofhis subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”。
2005考研英语真题答案
2005考研英语真题答案2005年考研英语真题是众多考生备战考研的重要资料，通过对真题的分析和解答有助于我们更好地了解考试内容和提升自己的备考效果。
本文将为大家提供2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析。
Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishPartⅠ1. C) careful2. D) ordinary3. A) atomic4. C) basis5. B) divided6. A) as7. B) deceived8. C) rather9. D) for10. C) while11. A) when12. B) Efforts13. D) properties14. A) impact15. D) currently PartⅡ16. C) provide17. B) evidence18. D) starves19. A) reluctance20. D) In essence21. A) challenges22. B) general23. C) simply24. B) wrong25. C) threatening Part Ⅲ26. C) and27. B) ideas28. C) themselves29. D) preferred30. A) taking31. D) promising32. B) until33. A) establish34. D) do35. B) experiencePart Ⅳ36. manufacturing37. frustrated38. challenge39. squeezed40. neglectedSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A41. B) it changes the basic nature of desire.42. D) They create desires and then satisfy them.43. C) the dominance of external objects in consumption.44. D) People always have an inclination to desire more.45. A) They relate it to practical achievements.46. C) They are awakening new needs through advertising.47. A) have realized the importance of desires.48. C) Industrialization plays an important role in consumption.49. B) It encourages people to prefer material things.50. D) about people's dependence on the moods of desire.Part B51. C) The reform of the educational system.52. D) The persisting inequality between urban and rural areas.53. A) They believed that ordinary people would succeed.54. C) Encouraging the population to seek further education.55. A) Hesitations over the potential rewards from education.56. B) Recognize the importance of promoting social equality.57. D) Settle for whatever they could achieve through labor.58. B) The disappointment caused by the success of a few individuals.59. A) The rapid advancement of society.60. D) Lack of educational opportunity for all groups.Part C61. D) Enhancing their chances of winning at slots.62. C) Their potential generosity towards others.63. D) They believe they can exert control over the outcome.64. A) They were given money unambiguous control.65. C) The belief in luck.66. B) greater likelihood of gambling.67. A) It is independent of people's social and educational backgrounds.68. D) Information obtained from research.69. B) The spread of gambling.70. D) Life chances in general.Section Ⅲ WritingPart Ⅳ Translation71. TranslationThis year, China's economic reforms have made remarkable achievements. The country's GDP has increased steadily, and people's lives have significantly improved. However, we should not ignore the environmental problems that have arisen in the process of economic development. For example, air pollution and water pollution have become increasingly serious. In order to achieve sustainable development, the Chinese government has implemented a series of measures to address these issues. It has invested heavily in environmental protection projects and enacted laws and regulations to hold polluters accountable. Additionally, the government has encouraged the use of clean energy and promoted green and low-carbon development. It is believed that with the joint efforts of the government and the public, China's environmental situation will gradually improve, and the people will be able to enjoy a better living environment.72. TranslationWith the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has gained popularity among consumers. Compared to traditional shopping, online shopping offers convenience and flexibility. People can easily browse and compare products from different sellers and make purchases with just a few clicks. Online shopping also provides a wide range of choices, allowing consumers to find specific items that may not be available in local stores. Furthermore, online shopping often offers discounts and promotional deals, making it a cost-effective option. However, there are also potential risks associated with online shopping, such as the quality of products, the security of personal information, and the reliability of sellers. Therefore, consumers should be cautious and take necessary precautions when making online purchases.以上是2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析，通过对真题的研究和分析，我们可以更好地了解考试内容和备考重点，从而提高备考效果。
2005考研英语真题答案解析
2005考研英语真题答案解析2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. CBACB 6-10. ADADB 11-15. CADCD 16-20. BCDABSection II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. CBACB 26-30. CDADB 31-35. ACDDA 36-40. BDABC Part B (10 points) 41-45. ECGFBPart C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
49. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。
正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。
50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。
”Section ⅢWriting (30 points)Part A (10 points) A Letter, to QuitJun 22, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasons as follows. To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more, I’m preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming Part B (20 points)Therefore, we have to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that is mentioned above. We must launch a variety of campaigns about the return to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our government to establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is an indication of the progress of human society, as imperatives of traditions require. We sincerely wish that the old man could be welcome to any of the four households, elegantly dressed, and a smile on the face.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1. C 空格前讲的是，和动物相比，人的嗅觉常被认为不灵敏，空格后讲的是，…这主要是因为，…动物，我们是直立的。
05年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
05年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1（10 points） The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers pared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact 5, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly bee sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working allthe time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]mitted[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore6.[A]even if[B]if only[C]only if[D]as if7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]at first[B]at all[C]at large[D]at times13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed14.[A]ineffective[B]inpetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]availabe[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable20.[A]similar to[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside from SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1（40 points）Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University inAtlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured,co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's；study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to；aept the slice of cucumber Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber（without an actual monkey to eat it）was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are aco-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward pletely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the mon ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast.B. justifying an assumption.C. making a parison.D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement“it is all too monkey”（Last line, paragraph l）implies thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys'nature.C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get.B. attentive to researchers'instructions.C. nice in both appearance and temperament.D. more generous than their male panions24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbers.B. can be taught to exchange things.C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D. are unhappy when separated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph？A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure？That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president内容仅供参考。
2005年考研英语真题及答案
绝密★启用前2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。
3.交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
SectionⅠVocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section For each sentence thee are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your angers on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil ( 10 points)1. Advertises often aim their campaigns at young people as they have considerable spending _____.abilityenergy D.A.power B.force C.2. We've bought some ______ chairs for the garden so that they are easy to store awaybinding D.C.foldingadjustingA.adapting B.3. The new speed restrictions were a ______ debated issue,profoundlydeeply D.heavily B.A.hotly C.4. His change of job has ____ him with a new challenge in lifeledpresented D.A.introduced B.initiated C.5. No _____you're hungry if you haven't eaten since yesterdayproblemwonder D.A.matter B.surprise C.6. The pianist played beautifully, showing a real _____ for the musicA.appreciation D.sense feeling B.understanding C.7. The boss into a rage and started shouting at Robert to do as he was toldrushed D.burstcharged C.flewA.B.8. Politicians should never lose ______ of the needs of the people they representC.prospectregard D.sightA.view B.9. The employees tried to settle the dispute by direct _____with the bosscommunicationassociation D.A,negotiation B.connection C.10. You haven't heard all the facts so don't _____ to conclusionsA. dashB. jumpC. muchD. fly11. I am _____ aware of the need to obey the vales of the competitionA. greatlyB. farC. muchD. well12. The manager has always attended to the _____ of important business himselfstimulationtranslation D.A.solution C.transaction B.13. As is known to all a country gets a (an) ______from taxesD.ARindpayment income B.revenue C.I4, The government has decided to reduce ______ on all imports.tuitiontariff D.A.fee B.charge C.15. The need for financial provision not only to producers but also to consumers.associates D.A.Crelates connects B.links16. The ability of bank to create deposits is determined by the ratio of liouid assets which they___.maintainremain D.A.mount. B.contain C.17 .The first serious prospect of a cure for Aids_____a treatment which delays its effects ha emergedA. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. less than18. His parents died when he was young, so he was ____ by his grandmafed D.grownbrought C.A.bredB.19.The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to____dollars in fear of another government interA. let inB. let outC. let go ofD. let off20. The local people could hardly think of any good way to ______ the disaster of the warA. shake offB. get offC. put offD. take offSection Ⅱcloze (15 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1with a pencil.A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer FT) systems to move money more efficiently across countries and around the globe. The 21 benefit of such systems was to___22___the float of capital that was unavailable for _23_checks were being cleared through banking ___24___. Today, we understand that the benefits of electronic banking___26__revolutionized. It is ___27__more efficient and faster, but also more global. And now_28___the Internet, EFT systems are increasingly _29___with the new world of e-commerce ande-trade._30_1997 and 2003, EFT value __31_from less than $50 trillion to nearly $400 trillion, more than the _32___econmic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world. These statistics _33__should emphasize the importance of transnational EFT, satellite, wireless, andcable-based electronic fund transfers __34_the hub of global enterprise. Such electronic cash is__35__central to the idea of an emerging “worldwide mind”. Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds ,the world economy would grind to a halt.givingdriving D.getting C.21.A.hiding B.produce D.increasereduce C.B.22.A.introducewhile D.wherethat C.which B.A.23.procedures D.systemsmethods C.mechanics B.A.24.25. A. extensive B. intensive C. profound D. greatbeenD.hadhasbeenhas C.A.26.is B.just D.notonlyC.evenfar B.27.A.for D.by C.on28.A.with B.29. A. linked B. integrated C. controlled D. joinedForm D.In C.Among Between B.30.A.elevated D.soaredraised C.decreased B.31.A32. A. gross B. accelerated C. combined D. collectiveonly D.alone C.merely lonely B.33.A.reserve D.comprehendC.present B.34.A.represent35. A. so B. nevertheless C. thereafter D. thereforeSection ⅢReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Working at nonstandard times-evenings, nights, or weekends-is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harried B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades.The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participatedisproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents’ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before ofafter school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, basedon parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse, She emphasizesthe need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for workingthese hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only ard highly prevalent among American familiesbut also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,” she says . 36. Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families?A. Stress on familial relationships.B. rotating shifts.C. Evenings, night, or weekends.D. Its consequences.37. Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?A. Children.B. MarriageC. Single mothersD. Working women38. Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?childprovidersProfessionalParents C.A.Children B.Employees D.39. It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are______prevalentabsent C.neglected D.emphasized B.A.40. What is the author’s attitude towards working irregular hours?C.Indifferent D.ObjectiveNegativePositive B.A.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being-executive, specialized expert, or person in the street-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. （from:）A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing” faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings.There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isn’t who is right, but what is right, that counts.”The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it’s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn’t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it’s simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expertinformation and opinions on which they must base their decisions.41. From the first paragraph we can learn that _____.A. executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB. very few people decide before they thinkC. those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do soD. People tend to consider carefully before making decisions42. Judging from the context, what does the word “them” (line 4, paragraph 2) refer to?makersA.DecisionB. the “losing” factionC. Anger, resentment, and jealousyD. Other people43. Aldous Huxley’s remark (paragraph 3) implies that ______.A. there is a subtle difference between right and wrongB. we cannot tell who is right and what is wrongC. what is rights is more important than who is rightD. what is right accounts for the question who is right44. According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is ______.A. to make decision by debateB. to apply the internet and wireless computer technologyC. to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD. to create a level of conceptual clarity45. The structured-inquiry process can be useful for ______.makersA.decisionB. intelligence analysis meetingC. the expert’s informationD. marketing focus groupsQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience)will be the priority（优先）and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectator will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer’s bench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposalwill be the same options the producer of the recorded programme has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the sound—whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on..Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great evens continually attract larger audiences.The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television?46. What does the writer mean by the use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage” in the first paragraph?A. Sport is combined with television.B. Sport controls television.C. Television dictates sport.D. Sport and television will go their own ways.47. What does “they” in line 2, paragraph 2stand for?broadcasts B.channelsA.technologiesC.spectators D.48. How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?A. They are too old to do anythingB. They feel ill at ease.C. They feel completely at home.D. Technologies can go hand in hand with sports49. What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. The philosophy of visionary executives.B. The process of television taking over sport.C. Television coverage expansion.D. An example to show how sport has taken over television.50. What might be the appropriate title of this passage?A. The arguments of sports executives.B. The philosophy of visionary executives.C. Sport and television in the 21 century.D. Sport: a business.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Convenience food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion (共享) of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150 000 years, could be destroyed.Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly takentogether in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day’s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook.. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of books and television programmes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t paradox. Maybe it is because people can’t cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t paradox. Maybe it is because people can’t cook any more. So they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies—golf, yachting—not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein’s new book, “Trading Up”, looks at mid-range consumers’ willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cooktpos, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theatre” trend in home goods. They cost from ＄1 000 to ＄9 000.Some 75% of them are never used.Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, Of course, there is nothing bad about ready-to –eat food itself. You don’t get much healthier than an apple, and all supermarkets sell a better-for-you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat.The three Harvard economists in their paper “Why have Americans become more obese?” point out that, in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had cook it. That took time and energy—a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy(脆) —which discouraged consumption of that sort or food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double-cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?51. What might the previous paragraphs deal with?A. The relationship between meals and convenience food.B. The importance of convenience food in people’s life.C. The rise of convenience food.D. The history of food industry.52. What is the paradox in the third paragraph?A. People don’t know how to cook.B. The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.C. People are becoming more obese, thus unhealthy.D. Convenience food actually does not save people time.53. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The bad effects of convenience food.B. Mr. Silerstein’s new bookC. People’s new hobby.D. Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.54. Why have Americans become more obese?A. Because of eating chips.B. Because of being busy.C. Because of being lazy.D. Both B and C.55. Which of the following might the author most likely agree with?A. There is nothing bad about convenience food.B. Convenience food makes people lazy.C. Convenience food helps companies grow.D. Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.Section IV Translation (15points)Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes.(56) An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors. From: Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises.(57)For instance, a capable corporate manager might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The public’s changing values andpriorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities),and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.(58) People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly to plan budgets and to prevent ward. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.(59)Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, “thinking about the unthinkable”. Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation (the first “think tank”) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.(60)The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now.Section V Writing (20points)Directions: In this section, you are asked write a latter based on the following statement. Your letter should be at least 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET2.“五一”、“十一”长假丰富了人们的业余生活，促进了旅游经济的发展，同时也带来诸如交通拥挤、环境污染等问题。
北京航空航天大学基础英语2005年考研真题参考答案
北京航空航天大学基础英语2005年考研真题参考答案北京航空航天大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：721 基础英语I. V ocabulary and Structure(40 points，l×40)Part1Directions：Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.1. “The giant was big” is a tautological statement，to say the least.A. tightB. redundantC. illogicalD. relative2.There is an embargo on any more video games coming into the house.A.1anding placeB. prohibitionC. violationD. permission3.Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people.A. impatientB. immatureC. impulsiveD. imperial4.Unfortunately.I’ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic chores.A. dullB. practicalC. trivialD. rhyming5.The crowd at the town meeting found the mayor’s assurance t00 glib.A. sarcasticB. flashyC. maliciousD. readily fluent6.Gazing at the crystalline lake，I decided it was too beautiful to swim in.A. breakableB. futuristicC. delicateD. sparkling7.We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership.A. leadB. doubtC. checkD. repeat8.It is more difficult for a chronic smoker to give up the habit than for a novice. but it can be doneA .affluent B. confirmed C. disciplined D. indecisive9.They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another companyA. headhuntedB. punchedC. plunderedD. probed10.The ink had faded with time and so pans of the letter wereunreadableA. indelibleB. inscrutableC. illegibleD. illegitimate1l.She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonestA. bridledB. bridgedC. breathedD. boasted12.Investors should study a prospectus before putting money into a big companyA.. positive outlookB. banking agreementC. profit—and—loss statementD. formal business document13.The real hero is never ostentatiousA. frivolousB. pretentiousC. presumptuousD. ponderous14 If you have never held a driving license before，you should apply for a provisional licenseA. providentialB. temporaryC. provincial D .improvised15 John Smith is a voracious book collectorA. viciousB. luxuriousC. insatiableD. valuable16.I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.A. precipitousB. precociousC. precariousD. precautious17.You need an excursion to break the monotony.A. gauntB. jauntC. vauntD. taunt18.The government appears in a quandary about what to do with so many peopleA. borderB. marshy groundC. dilemmaD. situationl9.It was an auspicious beginning to her career as an authorA. unexpectedB. interestingC. favorableD. doubtful20.The governor was usually circumspect when dealing with the media.A. skilledB. cautiousC. impatientD. obedientPart IIDirections：Choose one from the four alternatives that bestcompletes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter21.The children were having a wonderful time _______on the frozen lakeA. slippingB. slitheringC. skiddingD. sliding22.The campers _______their tent in a sheltered valleyA. establishedB. installedC. pitchedD. fixed23.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning，whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on_____A. responseB. impulseC. instinctD. consciousness24.The cultural traditions of the invaders slowly ______the practices of the island dwellersA. spreadB. perpetuatedC. permeatedD. reinforced25.He had always had a good opinion of himself but after the publication of his best—selling novel he became unbearably______A. bigotedB. proudC. conceitedD. exaggerated26.This is the _______piano on which the composer created some of his greatest worksA. actualB. realC. originalD. genuine27.Although，______new deposits of oil will be found，sooner or later，the world’s supply will be exhaustedA. in all likelihoodB. in all possibilityC. in all circumstancesD. in all conditions28.I should like to rent a house，modern，comfortable and ______in a quiet position.A. before allB. above allC. first of allD. over all29.He came to inspect the house ________buying itA. in the event ofB. with a view toC. in case ofD. with regard to30.Let’s not——over such a trifle!A. fall throughB. fall offC. fall outD. fall back31.He is a clever mimic who can take ______most of thelectures in his collegeA. overB. downC. OffD. for32.He tried for forgery in a law court but was lucky enough to______A. get onB. get offC. get throughD. get Out33.The captain turned _______early that night not realizing that the icebergs were SO closeA. inB. downC. intoD. off34.You promised you would do it Why did you go _______on your word?A. backB. awayC. over D by35.The numerals have become，_______his friends and he knows all their relations and acquaintancesA. as it isB. as it wasC. as it wereD. as they are36.A safety analysis _______the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never doneA. would identify.B. will identifyC. would have identifiedD. will have identified37.Jennifer took this opportunity to repay her friends for their kindness _______she would have had to entertain them in her small apartment in Charlotte townA. OtherwiseB. HoweverC. ButD. Nevertheless38.The window is never opened ______in summerA. butB. exceptC. whenD. while39.Generally，prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods Can hold ______bacteria in foods to a safe level.A. a number ofB. the number ofC. an amount ofD. a quantity of40.Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro—American poetry is his insistence that it _______in religious. as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzedB. has been analyzedC. be analyzedD. should have been analyzedII. Error spotting(20 points，l×20)Directions：Decide which underlined part is incorrect and mark the corresponding letter41.The process depends, however, upon the drawer，cupboard and storage space beingAprovided，for the 1ack of which some things may literally have no place to goB C D42.Immediately after I put my head on it，I got to understand that translation wasn’t asA Bmechanical a job as I had held it to beC D43.Living in a remote country village，many forms of entertainment are in accessible toA B C Dus44.Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide effort to send foodA B Cand medicine to the starved peopleD45.The government deems it essential that people are psychologically able to resist theA Bimpact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market—orientedC DEconomy46.At seeing him，I couldn’t resist laughing bec ause hissuit hung loosely, as if tailoredA B Cfor someone twice his sizeD47.What is often stressed in most of the literature，an objective of Women Lib is to doA B C away with unfair discrimination against womenD48.If ambition is to be well regarded, the reward of ambition—wealth，distinction.A Bcontrol over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made onCambition’s behalfD49.Mr Smith regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake，for he later discovered itA Bwas his own faultC D50.Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly，which really haveA B Csurprised us all51.The parent as teacher-counselor acts in accord with the developmental model ofAchild rearing. by which the child is viewed as an extremely plastic organism withB Cvirtually unlimited potential for growth and developmentD52.For every patient with AIDS，it is estimated that there are 10 times as many as ARC，Aor AIDS—Related Complex, a precursor to the full blown disease，and 50 times as manyB C who already have been infected with the agent human immunodeficiency virus. or HIVD53.If only the nature of the aging process is better understood the possibility ofA Bdiscovering a medicine that Can block the fundamental process of aging seems veryC Dremote54.As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned. we can developA Bmass transit to take place of private cars.C D/doc/bd2798059.html,puter technology makes it Possible to store vast amounts of data in machine—A Breadable files，and program computers to locate specific informationC D56.Once an occupation came to be received to be “female”，employers showed littleAinterest in changing that perception even when higher profits were expected to beB C Dgained57.It is inevitable that the natural resources throughout the world are diminished as theA Bdemand for them is on the increaseC D58.The men who wrote the United States Constitution did the best they could on theA Bface of circumstances which confronted them at the timeC D59.I am sure one of the main reasons why boys and girls are such good companionsA Btoday is that they are no longer afraid of showing their feeling towards each otherC D60.The data received from the two spacecrafts whirling around Mars indicate that thereA B Cis much evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planetDIII. Cloze(10 points，l×l0)Directions：Fill in each underlined space with one word thatbest suits the context of the following passageToday it is out of fashion to speak in 61 of characters But there is no more essential aspect of any person.Character is made up of those principles and values that give your 62 direction，meaning and depth These constitute your inner sense of 63 is right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct 64 on who you are They include 65 traits as integrity，honesty，courage，fairness and generosity--which arise 66 the hard choice we have to 67 in life So wrong is simply in doing wrong. not in getting, caught68 some people wonder if our inner values 69 anymore After a11, hasn’t our noted bank executive succeeded in every. visible way，70 his transgressions (错误, 过失) ?VI Translation from Chinese into English (30 points)在找工作的过程中，有面试，就有曙光。
英语考研2005真题答案
英语考研2005真题答案英语考研，即全国硕士研究生入学考试中的英语科目，是许多考研学生必须面对的挑战之一。
2005年的英语考研真题及其答案，对于准备考研的学生来说，是一份宝贵的学习资料。
以下是2005年英语考研真题的部分答案，供参考：阅读理解部分1. 第一篇阅读文章主要讨论了全球化对经济和文化的影响。
根据文章内容，第一题的正确答案是B，即全球化促进了国际贸易和文化交流。
2. 第二篇阅读文章探讨了教育的重要性及其在个人发展中的作用。
第二题的正确答案是C，指出教育是个人成长和社会发展的关键。
3. 第三篇阅读文章分析了环境保护的必要性和当前面临的挑战。
第三题的正确答案是A，强调了公众意识在环境保护中的重要性。
完形填空部分1. 第一空的正确答案是“achieved”，表示某人实现了某个目标。
2. 第五空的正确答案是“consequences”，指的是某个行为或决策可能带来的结果或影响。
3. 第十空的正确答案是“innovative”，用来形容一种新颖的或创新的方法或想法。
翻译部分1. 中文句子“我们应该尊重每个人的选择，无论他们的决定是否符合我们的期望。
”的英文翻译是“W e should respect everyone's choices, regardless of whether their decisions meet our expectations.”2. 中文句子“科技进步不仅改变了我们的生活方式，也极大地推动了社会的发展。
”的英文翻译是“Technological advancements havenot only changed our way of life but also greatly propelledthe development of society.”写作部分2005年的写作题目是关于“网络对教育的影响”，以下是一篇可能的范文：In recent years, the internet has become an integral part of our lives, and its impact on education is profound. Firstly, the internet provides a vast array of resources that were previously inaccessible. Students can now access a wealth of information and educational materials with just a few clicks, which greatly facilitates their learning process.Secondly, online learning platforms have made education more flexible and convenient. Students can learn at their own pace and on their own schedule, which is particularly beneficialfor those who need to balance work and study.However, the internet also poses some challenges to education. For instance, the abundance of information can sometimes be overwhelming, and students may struggle to discern reliablesources from unreliable ones. Additionally, the lack of face-to-face interaction in online learning can make it difficult for students to engage with their peers and instructors.In conclusion, while the internet has undoubtedly revolutionized education, it is important for educators and students alike to navigate its benefits and challenges effectively.请注意，以上内容仅为示例，具体的真题答案需要参考官方发布的资料或权威解析。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析日常问候用语是考生必须熟练运用的知识，这与考生的口语操练有很大关系。
说促进听，是许多英语学习者的心得。
而且日常问候要视人而定，如英国人见面谈天气，美国人见面问身体等。
下面作详细介绍：1.问候类(Greetings)英语中的问候用语非常繁多，正式的通常有：How do you do?(初次见面通常用语)How are you?(比较熟悉的人之间用语)How are you getting along with...?(你近来...可好?)How are you doing?(您工作还顺利吧?)How is everything?(一切还好吧?)How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christmas Day/weekend?(假期怎么样?)当今美国社会流行口语用语，大致有：What's up?(近来可忙?)Hello?Hi?What's going on?(近来可好?)How is life?How is it going?anything new?Pleased to meet you again!对以上问候的对答通常有How do you do!Fine!Thank you，and you?Every is fine!I'm just great!Very(quite)well，thank you!Couldn't be better，thank you!Not bad!Can't complain!Just so so.值得一提的是，随着美语越来越广泛地渗透，听力中用美语朗读且以美国社会为背景的题材的趋势愈加明显。
考生要注意日常口语对话，及时吸取信息，将对听力有很大的帮助。
请看下面的对话：A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven??t seen you for ages, but how are you?A：Fine, I??m just fine, Ms Lucy...2.告别类(Farewell)有聚总有散。
05年考研英语真题(题目选项版)
05Text 121. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 226. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 331. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 436. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”__。
【考研必备】2005年考研英语真题及解析
[日期] 2 005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells —we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 .[A] although .[A] above [B] as [C] but [D] while[B] unlike [B] committed [B] ignoring [B] though [B] if only [C] excluding [C] dedicated [C] missing [C] instead [C] only if [D] besides[D] confined[D] tracking[D] therefore[D] as if.[A] limited .[A] catching .[A] anyway .[A] even if .[A]distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting.[A] diluted .[A] when [B] dissolved [B] since [C] dispersed [C] for [D] diffused[D] whereas[D] typical0.[A] unusual 1.[A] signs [B] particular [B] stimuli [B] at all [C] unique [C] messages [C] at large [C] drawn [D] impulses[D] at times[D] exposed[D] insufficient2.[A] at first3.[A] subjected [B] left4.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient1 1 1 27.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[C]neglect[D]tired[D]notice8.[A]tolerate9.[A]available0.[A]similar to[B]repel[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,andthey share their food readily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by________.[ [ [ [A]posing a contrastB]justifying an assumptionC]making a comparisonD]explaining a phenomenon22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies that________.[ [ [ [A]monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB]resenting unfairness is also monkeys’natureC]monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each otherD]no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[A]more inclined to weigh what they get[B]attentive to researchers’instructions[C]nice in both appearance and temperament[D]more generous than their male companions24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________.[ [ [ [A]prefer grapes to cucumbersB]can be taught to exchange thingsC]will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD]are unhappy when separated from others25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latestwas a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the worldbase important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the time100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[ [ [ [A]there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC]people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD]antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as________.[ [ [ [A]a protectorB]a judgeC]a criticD]a guide28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,Paragraph4)?[ [ [ [A]Endless studies kill action.B]Careful investigation reveals truth.C]Prudent planning hinders progress.D]Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?[A]Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B]Raise public awareness of conservation.[C]Press for further scientific research.[D]Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because______.[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligenceB]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[[C]the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD]both of them have turned from bad to worse[Text3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researcherssuspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.“It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.“If you don’t like it,change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams________.[ [ [A]can be modified in their coursesB]are susceptible to emotional changesC]reflect our innermost desires and fears[D]are a random outcome of neural repairs32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show________.[ [ [ [A]its function in our dreamsB]the mechanism of REM sleepC]the relation of dreams to emotionsD]its difference from the prefrontal cortex33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.[ [ [ [A]aggravate in our unconscious mindB]develop into happy dreamsC]persist till the time we fall asleepD]show up in dreams early at night34.Cartwright seems to suggest that________.[A]waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C]dreams should be left to their natural progression[D]dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[ [ [ [A]Lead your life as usual.B]Seek professional help.C]Exercise conscious control.D]Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text4Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the Englishlanguage with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom”,for example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”,has spelt the death of formal speech, writing,poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equally,in poetry,the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture,the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should, like,care.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.He is not arguing,as many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”.A shame,perhaps,but probably an inevitable one.6.According to McWhorter,the decline of formal English________.3[ [ [ [A]is inevitable in radical education reformsB]is but all too natural in language developmentC]has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD]brought about changes in public attitudes in the1960s37.The word“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes________.[ [ [ [A]modestyB]personalityC]livelinessD]informality38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A]Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B]Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C]Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D]Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s________.[ [ [ [A]interest in their languageB]appreciation of their effortsC]admiration for their memoryD]contempt for their old-fashionedness40.According to the last paragraph,“paper plates”is to“china”as________.[A]“temporary”is to“permanent”[B]“radical”is to“conservative”[C]“functional”is to“artistic”[D]“humble”is to“noble”Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Canada’s premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.(41)____________What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources, work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.(42)_____________But“national”doesn’t have to mean that.“National”could mean interprovincial—provinces combining effortsto create one body.Either way,one benefit of a“national”organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of31million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.(43)_____________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,strings attached.That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere,while drug costskeep rising fast.(44)_____________Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”(45)_____________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![ B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at [ [ [ twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others toinclude it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed —and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 5 0% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.(49)Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news, documentary services and training.This also involves the agreements between European countries for thecreation of a European bank for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs.(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,divided we fall”—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be“Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than100words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文，文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。
北京市硕士研究生英语学位真题2005年1月
北京市硕士研究生英语学位真题2005年1月(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：2，分数：9.00)（分数：5.00）(1).A. Ann likes orange T-shirts best.B. Ann hates to wear an orange T-shirt in the daytime.C. Ann wears an orange T-shirt to keep mosquitoes away.D. The man doesn't like an orange T-shirt.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析]M: Ann, orange must be your favorite color, is that right?W: What makes you think so?M: You often wear an orange T-shirt in the evening.W: Oh! I heard that mosquitoes hate orange.Q: What can we learn from this conversation?(2).A. To entertain himself.B. To go to other countries.C. To become more valuable.D. To broaden his mind.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析]M: Why does everyone always tell me that I should learn at least one foreign language?W: Because it's valuable. You will not only learn the language but open your eyes with new culture and values.Q: According to the woman, why should the man learn a foreign language?(3).A. He turns a deaf ear to what the woman said.B. He agrees with the woman.C. He thinks the woman is thoughtless.D. He doesn't think she knows the direction.（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析]W: Ted, you shouldn't have been too neglectful and thoughtless about drags.M: I know what you mean. But I equally know what I am doing and where I am going.Q: What is the man's reaction to the woman's remarks?(4).A. The car is not big enough.B. The car is not good enough.C. He only promised to buy a small car.D. He can't afford to buy the car.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析]W: This car is indeed my dream. It's very beautiful and spacious.M: I did promise to buy us a good car, but this one is beyond our budget.Q: What does the man mean?(5).A. 350,000.B. 315,000.C. 3,500, 000.D. 3,150, 000.（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析]M: What are you doing here?W: I'm collecting donations for the homeless.M: How many homeless are there locally?W: In our town, over 350 people don't have a roof over their heads. That's one of every 1,000 people.Q: How many people are there in the town?（分数：4.00）(1).A. He will not take the shower before the meeting.B. He will not go to the meeting at all.C. He will have to attend the meeting.D. He will be late for the meeting again.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析]W: You'd better jump in the shower, or you'll be late for your meeting.M: I'll be there right away. I never seem to have enough time. I've spent too much time in meetings in my life.Q: What does the man mean?(2).A. He is in a bad mood.B. He is more efficient in writing.C. He enjoys himself more.D. He doesn't feel comfortable.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析]W: I get depressed on rainy days.M: On the contrary, I seem to get more into myself, and consequently, it is easier for me to get in the mood to write.Q: What do we learn about the man on raining days?(3).A. He got to know it from government statistics.B. He found the fact on the Internet.C. He learned it from a gift book.D. He got the fact by studying in the library.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析]M: Did you know that Americans spend over $2 million every day just to wash their cars?W: How did you know that?M: I got this fact book yesterday for my birthday, and it gives statistics on a variety of subjects. Q: How did the man get to know about the statistics on car-washing?(4).A. He will persuade his parents.B. He will lie to his parents.C. He will go without his parents' permission.D. He will go somewhere else before going skiing.（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析]W: What is your plan for this winter vacation?M: I'm going skiing in Colorado.W: But it's very dangerous for a beginner. Do your parents agree?M: No, but I can get around them.Q: How can the man go skiing?三、Section B(总题数：2，分数：6.00)（分数：3.00）(1).What is the main idea of this mini-talk?A. How to take care of little babies.B. How to become qualified parents.C. A single parent should pay more attention to the baby's development.D. Many parents don't know how to help babies develop in intelligence.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 10-12Canada's first survey on parenting reveals that "many parents lack even basic knowledge of how children develop and how parents can assist in that process," says the National Post. Of the more than 1,600 fathers, mothers and single mothers with children under the age of six surveyed, 92 percent acknowledged that being a parent is the most important thing they can do. Yet, less than half of them were fully aware that they can positively influence their child by reading to them, playing with them, touching them or holding them. Additionally, about 30 percent of the parents believe that every baby is born with a certain level of intelligence, which cannot be increasedor decreased by how parents interact with them. Such findings are troubling, says the National Post, since research shows that a child's first five years are critically important in developing their ability to learn, create, love, trust, and develop a strong sense of themselves.10. What is the main idea of this mini-talk?(2).Which of the following is not the positive way to help babies develop their intelligence?A. Watching them.B. Holding them.C. Reading to them.D. Playing with them.（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] Which of the following is not the positive way to help babies develop their intelligence?(3).According to the speaker, which period is the most important in the development of a baby's intelligence?A. The first five months.B. The first year.C. The first three years.D. The first five years.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] According to the speaker, which period is the most important in the development of a baby's intelligence?（分数：3.00）(1).What did Elizabeth Peabody do when she founded the first kindergarten in the United States?A. She invited educational reformers to teach in her school.B. She invited teachers from Germany to work in her school.C. She went to Germany to find staff for her school.D. She asked famous scholars to teach the staff in her school.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 13-15The first kindergarten in the United States was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1860. It was founded by Elizabeth Peabody, an educational reformer and a scholar in the 19th century American literary and philosophical movement. Peabody invited experienced kindergarten teachers from Germany to come to the United States to staff her school. Peabody's school attracted widespread attention, and in the 1870s private kindergartens and kindergarten teacher training schools were started in most major American cities. By 1885 there were 565 private kindergartens in the United States serving 29, 716 children.Charity kindergartens—or so-called free kindergartens—for children of the poor became one of the main instruments of the progressive women's and social movements of the late 1880s and 1890s. The teachers from these charity kindergartens often made home visits and taught songs, poems and games to mothers to use with their children.In 1873 the St. Louis public school system established the first public kindergarten in the United States. Under the leadership of American educational reformer Susan Blow, St. Louis had 60 public kindergartens by 1885. By 1910 most major American cities offered public kindergarten education. However, once established in the public schools, kindergartens began to change. For example, they began to include more preschool training and preparation for first grade.13. What did Elizabeth Peabody do when she founded the first kindergarten in the United States?(2).How many children attended kindergartens in the United States by the year of 1885?A. 29,670.B. 29,617.C. 29,760.D. 29,716.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] How many children attended kindergartens in the United States by the year of 1885?(3).What did the teachers from charity kindergartens do when they made home visits?A. They helped the poor children with donations.B. They persuaded the children to go to kindergartens.C. They taught the mothers how to teach their children.D. They taught children songs, poems and games.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] What did the teachers from charity kindergartens do when they made home visits?四、Section C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What was the occupation of the advocator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art?（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Lawyer (A lawyer/He was a lawyer)．）解析：[解析] 16-20The Metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the largest and most comprehensive art museums in the world.In 1866 a group of Americans in Paris, France, gathered at a restaurant to celebrate the American Independence Day. After dinner, John Jay, a prominent lawyer gave a speech proposing to create a "national institution and gallery of art. " During the next four years, he convinced American civic leaders, art collectors, and others to support the project, and in 1870 the Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded, but it was housed in two different locations in New York City. In 1880 the museum moved to its present location in Central Park on Fifth Avenue. Many additions have since been built around this building. The north and south wings were completed in 1911 and 1913, respectively. Six additional wings have been built since 1975 to house the museum's growing collections, to expand gallery space and educational facilities.The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known artistic medium, representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present. Popularly known as the Met, the museum is a private institution. The museum is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city and about five million people visit it each year. It is also a major educational institution, offering various programs for children and adults. In addition, scholars of archeology and art history conduct advanced research projects at the museum.(2).Where is the present location of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City?（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：In Central Park on Fifth(5th)Avenue．）解析：(3).Why have another six additional wings been built since 1975?（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：To house the museum's growing collections．）解析：(4).The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known______.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：artistic medium）解析：(5).Besides being a tourist attraction and an educational institution, the museum also serves as a place for______.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：(advanced)research(project)/scholars，(of archeology and art history)to conduct research）解析：五、PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Section A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas study.A. frustratedB. formulatedC. fabricatedD. facilitated（分数：0.50）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 划线词forge vt．/Vi伪造；锻造”。
北京市硕士研究生英语学位真题2005年1月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
北京市硕士研究生英语学位真题2005年1月(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.A. Ann likes orange T-shirts best.B. Ann hates to wear an orange T-shirt in the daytime.C. Ann wears an orange T-shirt to keep mosquitoes away.D. The man doesn't like an orange T-shirt.A B C D分值: 1答案:C[解析]M: Ann, orange must be your favorite color, is that right?W: What makes you think so?M: You often wear an orange T-shirt in the evening.W: Oh! I heard that mosquitoes hate orange.Q: What can we learn from this conversation?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.A. To entertain himself.B. To go to other countries.C. To become more valuable.D. To broaden his mind.A B C D分值: 1答案:D[解析]M: Why does everyone always tell me that I should learn at least one foreign language?W: Because it's valuable. You will not only learn the language but open your eyes with new culture and values.Q: According to the woman, why should the man learn a foreign language?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.A. He turns a deaf ear to what the woman said.B. He agrees with the woman.C. He thinks the woman is thoughtless.D. He doesn't think she knows the direction.A B C D分值: 1答案:A[解析]W: Ted, you shouldn't have been too neglectful and thoughtless about drags.M: I know what you mean. But I equally know what I am doing and where I am going.Q: What is the man's reaction to the woman's remarks?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.A. The car is not big enough.B. The car is not good enough.C. He only promised to buy a small car.D. He can't afford to buy the car.A B C D分值: 1答案:D[解析]W: This car is indeed my dream. It's very beautiful and spacious. M: I did promise to buy us a good car, but this one is beyond our budget.Q: What does the man mean?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.A. 350,000.B. 315,000.C. 3,500, 000.D. 3,150, 000.A B C D分值: 1答案:A[解析]M: What are you doing here?W: I'm collecting donations for the homeless.M: How many homeless are there locally?W: In our town, over 350 people don't have a roof over their heads.That's one of every 1,000 people.Q: How many people are there in the town?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.A. He will not take the shower before the meeting.B. He will not go to the meeting at all.C. He will have to attend the meeting.D. He will be late for the meeting again.A B C D分值: 1答案:C[解析]W: You'd better jump in the shower, or you'll be late for your meeting.M: I'll be there right away. I never seem to have enough time. I've spent too much time in meetings in my life.Q: What does the man mean?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.A. He is in a bad mood.B. He is more efficient in writing.C. He enjoys himself more.D. He doesn't **fortable.A B C D分值: 1答案:B[解析]W: I get depressed on rainy days.M: On the contrary, I seem to get more into myself, and consequently, it is easier for me to get in the mood to write.Q: What do we learn about the man on raining days?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.A. He got to know it from government statistics.B. He found the fact on the Internet.C. He learned it from a gift book.D. He got the fact by studying in the library.A B C D分值: 1答案:C[解析]M: Did you know that Americans spend over $2 million every day just to wash their cars?W: How did you know that?M: I got this fact book yesterday for my birthday, and it gives statistics on a variety of subjects.Q: How did the man get to know about the statistics on car-washing?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.A. He will persuade his parents.B. He will lie to his parents.C. He will go without his parents' permission.D. He will go somewhere else before going skiing.A B C D分值: 1答案:A[解析]W: What is your plan for this winter vacation?M: I'm going skiing in Colorado.W: But it's very dangerous for a beginner. Do your parents agree? M: No, but I can get around them.Q: How can the man go skiing?Section BDirections:In this section you will hear two short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.What is the main idea of this mini-talk?A. How to take care of little babies.B. How to become qualified parents.C. A single parent should pay more attention to the baby's development.D. Many parents don't know how to help babies develop in intelligence.A B C D分值: 1答案:D[解析] 10-12Canada's first survey on parenting reveals that "many parents lack even basic knowledge of how children develop and how parents can assist in that process," says the National Post. Of the more than1,600 fathers, mothers and single mothers with children under the age of six surveyed, 92 percent acknowledged that being a parent is the most important thing they can do. Yet, less than half of them were fully aware that they can positively influence their child by reading to them, playing with them, touching them or holding them. Additionally, about 30 percent of the parents believe that every baby is born with a certain level of intelligence, which cannot be increased or decreased by how parents interact with them. Such findings are troubling, says the National Post, since research shows that a child's first five years are critically important in developing their ability to learn, create, love, trust, and develop a strong sense of themselves.10. What is the main idea of this mini-talk?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.Which of the following is not the positive way to help babies develop their intelligence?A. Watching them.B. Holding them.C. Reading to them.D. Playing with them.A B C D分值: 1答案:A[解析] Which of the following is not the positive way to help babies develop their intelligence?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.According to the speaker, which period is the most important in the development of a baby's intelligence?A. The first five months.B. The first year.C. The first three years.D. The first five years.A B C D分值: 1答案:D[解析] According to the speaker, which period is the most importantin the development of a baby's intelligence?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.What did Elizabeth Peabody do when she founded the first kindergarten in the United States?A. She invited educational reformers to teach in her school.B. She invited teachers from Germany to work in her school.C. She went to Germany to find staff for her school.D. She asked famous scholars to teach the staff in her school.A B C D分值: 1答案:B[解析] 13-15The first kindergarten in the United States was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1860. It was founded by Elizabeth Peabody, an educational reformer and a scholar in the 19th century American literary and philosophical movement. Peabody invited experienced kindergarten teachers from Germany to come to the United States to staff her school. Peabody's school attracted widespread attention,and in the 1870s private kindergartens and kindergarten teacher training schools were started in most major American cities. By 1885 there were 565 private kindergartens in the United States serving 29, 716 children.Charity kindergartens—or so-called free kindergartens—for children of the poor became one of the main instruments of the progressive women's and social movements of the late 1880s and 1890s. The teachers from these charity kindergartens often made home visits and taught songs, poems and games to mothers to use with their children.In 1873 the St. Louis public school system established thefirst public kindergarten in the United States. Under the leadership of American educational reformer Susan Blow, St. Louis had 60 public kindergartens by 1885. By 1910 most major American cities offered public kindergarten education. However, once established in thepublic schools, kindergartens began to change. For example, they began to include more preschool training and preparation for first grade.13. What did Elizabeth Peabody do when she founded the first kindergarten in the United States?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.How many children attended kindergartens in the United States by the year of 1885?A. 29,670.B. 29,617.C. 29,760.D. 29,716.A B C D分值: 1答案:D[解析] How many children attended kindergartens in the United States by the year of 1885?SSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.What did the teachers from charity kindergartens do when they made home visits?A. They helped the poor children with donations.B. They persuaded the children to go to kindergartens.C. They taught the mothers how to teach their children.D. They taught children songs, poems and games.A B C D分值: 1答案:C[解析] What did the teachers from charity kindergartens do when they made home visits?Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a talk. Complete the sentences and answer the questions below. You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions or sentences below.SSS_FILL16.What was the occupation of the advocator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art?分值: 1答案:Lawyer (A lawyer/He was a lawyer)．[解析] 16-20The Metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the largest and**prehensive art museums in the world.In 1866 a group of Americans in Paris, France, gathered at a restaurant to celebrate the American Independence Day. After dinner, John Jay, a prominent lawyer gave a speech proposing to create a "national institution and gallery of art. " During the next four years, he convinced American civic leaders, art collectors, and others to support the project, and in 1870 the Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded, but it was housed in two different locations in New York City. In 1880 the museum moved to its present location inCentral Park on Fifth Avenue. Many additions have since been built around this building. The north and south wings **pleted in 1911 and 1913, respectively. Six additional wings have been built since 1975 to house the museum's growing collections, to expand gallery space and educational facilities.The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known artistic medium, representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present.Popularly known as the Met, the museum is a private institution. The museum is one of the most popular touristattractions in the city and about five million people visit it each year. It is also a major educational institution, offering various programs for children and adults. In addition, scholars of archeology and art history conduct advanced research projects at the museum.SSS_FILL17.Where is the present location of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City?分值: 1答案:In Central Park on Fifth(5th)Avenue．SSS_FILL18.Why have another six additional wings been built since 1975?分值: 1答案:To house the museum's growing collections．SSS_FILL19.The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known______.分值: 1答案:artistic mediumSSS_FILL20.Besides being a tourist attraction and an educational institution, the museum also serves as a place for______.分值: 1答案:(advanced)research(project)/scholars，(of archeology and art history)to conduct researchPART Ⅱ VOCABULARYSection ADirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each questionis a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas study.A. frustratedB. formulatedC.fabricated D. facilitatedSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 0.5答案:C[解析] 划线词forge vt．/Vi伪造；锻造”。
考研英语一2005真题
考研英语一2005真题2005年的考研英语一真题是一份经典的试卷，它涵盖了阅读理解、完形填空、翻译等多个题型，考察了考生的语言理解能力和翻译能力。
本文将从不同题型入手，深入分析这份试卷的特点和考察重点。
首先，我们来看看阅读理解部分。
这部分题目主要考察考生对文章主旨、细节理解、推理判断等方面的能力。
2005年的考研英语一阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别涉及科学、文化和社会等不同领域的内容。
其中，第一篇文章是一篇关于生物学研究的科学论文，要求考生理解论文的主要内容和作者的观点。
第二篇文章是一篇关于西方文化的介绍，要求考生理解文化差异和文化交流的重要性。
第三篇文章是一篇关于社会问题的报告，要求考生理解社会问题的背景和解决方法。
通过这些题目，考生需要具备对不同领域的文章进行理解和分析的能力。
接下来是完形填空部分。
这部分题目主要考察考生对词汇、语法和篇章结构的理解。
2005年的考研英语一完形填空部分是一篇关于音乐的文章，通过填空题目，考生需要根据上下文的语境和常识推断出正确的答案。
此外，这部分题目还考察了考生对固定搭配和习惯用语的掌握程度。
通过这些题目，考生需要具备较强的词汇量和语法知识，并能够将这些知识应用到实际的语境中。
最后是翻译部分。
这部分题目主要考察考生对中英文之间的语言转换能力。
2005年的考研英语一翻译部分共有两道题目，一道是中译英，一道是英译中。
中译英的题目是一篇关于中国古代文化的文章，要求考生将中文的内容准确地转换成英文。
英译中的题目是一段英文对话，要求考生将英文的对话准确地转换成中文。
通过这些题目，考生需要具备对不同语言之间的语法、词汇和文化差异的理解和掌握。
综上所述，2005年的考研英语一真题全面考察了考生的语言理解能力和翻译能力。
通过阅读理解、完形填空和翻译等不同题型，考生需要具备对不同领域文章的理解和分析能力，以及对语法、词汇和篇章结构的掌握。
这份试卷的特点在于涵盖了多个题型，考察了考生的综合能力。
2005年6月北京市研究生英语学位课统考(GET)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2005年6月北京市研究生英语学位课统考（GET）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. VOCABULARY 3. CLOZE 4. READING COMPREHENSION 5. TRANSLATIONLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.听力原文：W: I heard no women were allowed to take part in the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. Is that true? M: But somewhere unmarried girls were allowed to watch or even compete in the Games in those days. They could compete in a separate festival. Q: From this conversation what do we learn about the Olympic Games in ancient Greece?1．A．No women were allowed to take part in it.B．Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C．Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D．Unmarried women were allowed to watch it somewher正确答案：D听力原文：M: Now you are in the new company, you may need to buy some new clothes. W: As long as I work hard, nobody cares what I wear. But you may rethink your ties. Q: What does the woman mean?2．A．She needs to buy some new clothes.B．She cares a lot about what to wear.C．The man doesn’t work hard enough.D．The man should buy some new ties.正确答案：D听力原文：M: What do you usually do when you feel tired? W: I usually listen to some classical music or take a long hot bath. What about you? M: I usually relax with a few drinks or drink more coffee to keep myself going.Q: What does the woman usually do when she feels tired?3．A．Takes a hot bath.B．Takes a long walk.C．Has a few drinks.D．Has more coffe正确答案：A听力原文：W: How do you get along with your partner? M: Generally our relationship is pretty good but we are both aware of the importance of spending time alone. Q: What is the relationship between the man and his partner like?4．A．They have a very close relationship.B．They don’t spend much time together.C．They are getting along with each other better.D．They are generally pretty cold to each other.正确答案：B听力原文：W: It seems to me that you will switch to another job. M: How do you know? W: My sixth sense told me. M: You are actually right. I’m fed up with working an unskilled job for a minimum wage. Q: Why does the man want to change his job?5．A．His sixth sense told him.B．He is unskillful with his present job.C．His present job pays too little.D．His present job is too demandin正确答案：C听力原文：W: Did you watch the report about the accident in downtown? M: No. Where was it? W: It was on seventh street. It was a huge wreck and I saw a lot of ambulances at the scene. Q: What do we learn about the accident?6．A．The accident caused injury or loss of life.B．Seven people were killed in the accident.C．Many people from other cars came to help.D．A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.正确答案：A听力原文：M: Hello. My name is Nathaniel Mumford. I’m a student of Professor Cohen’s. May I speak to him, please? W: Oh, Professor Cohen is at a conference at the moment, but if you leave your phone number he may call you back when hereturns. M: My phone number is 2745301. Thank you for your help. Q: What is the phone number of the student?7．A．2754201.B．2645310.C．2745301.D．2654310.正确答案：C听力原文：M: Did you speak to the famous star? W: I wanted to, but I was unable to speak when I was face to face with him. M: Well, many people do that. Before they meet their favorite star they seem to have a lot to say. But when they actually meet them, they can’t say anything. Q: What happened to the woman when she met the famous star?8．A．She had no chance to speak.B．She was speechless.C．She talked a lot to the star.D．She saw too many people around the star.正确答案：B听力原文：W: Why are you so keen on this newspaper? M: It’s really informative and it is the top one among those offering inside stories. Q: Why does the man like the newspaper?9．A．Because it tells the truth most of the time.B．Because it provides a lot of information.C．Because it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D．Because it is an inside newspaper.正确答案：BSection B Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.听力原文：Investigators from Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey have found that claims made by some scientists at the laboratory were not based on fact. The investigators dismissed results from a number of studies published between 1998and 2001. Bell Labs appointed a committee to investigate the wrongdoing after other scientists raised questions about the claims. Some of the claims were once said to be major developments in the study of physics. They included a claim that the scientists had created the smallest device to carry electrical current ever made. The committee identified at least sixteen examples of scientific wrongdoing. It placed the blame on one Bell Labs physicist, Jan Hendrik Schon (YAHN HEN-drick SHERN). Mister Schon told the committee that he had no written records of the laboratory experiments. He also said much of the information in his computer had been destroyed. The investigators found that Mister Schon used information from earlier work to support his findings. They said he did this without the knowledge of the other scientists involved in the experiments. The investigators noted that Mister Schon and his group produced an average of one scientific paper every eight days. For most scientists, a few papers a year is considered productive. After the committee’s report was released, Bell Labs immediately dismissed Jan Hendrik Schon from his position. He was once thought to be a future Nobel Prize winner. After his dismissal, Mister Schon admitted he had made mistakes in his scientific work. He said he regretted those mistakes.10．Why did Bell Labs appoint a committee to investigate some of the claims made by its scientists?A．Because other scientists had raised questions about these claims.B．Because some of its scientists had made false claims before.C．Because the claims were very important to the study of physics.D．Because some of its scientists published too many papers in a year.正确答案：A11．What did the committee find out when they investigated Mister Schon?A．He made up false data in the experiment to support his new findings.B．He used information from previous work to support his new findings.C．He denied other scientists’ involvement in his experiments.D．He was not productive in writing scientific papers.正确答案：B12．What did Bell Labs do after the committee’s report was released?A．They dismissed all Mister Schon’s publications.B．They asked Mister Schon to apologize to the public.C．They recalled Mister Schon’s title as a Nobel Prize winner.D．They removed Mister Schon from his position.正确答案：D听力原文：The MacArthur Fellowship is a program that honors individual men and women for their creativity. American businessman John MacArthur used hisown money to establish the MacArthur Foundation in nineteen-seventy. It began to operate after he died eight years later. To be considered for the award, a person must be nominated. And they should not hold an elective or appointed office in government. Each year, several hundred people are appointed to propose nominations. A twelve-member committee studies information about those nominated to identify the great creativity in their work and proposes winners to the foundation’s directors. The foundation does not require or expect reports from individual winners. It also does not ask them how the money will be used. 635 MacArthur Fellows have been named since the program started in 1981. Between twenty and thirty winners are named each year. The twenty-four winners this year work in many different areas. They include scientists, writers, and musicians. Daniela Rus is a professor at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. She is a computer scientist who develops robots that change shape to deal with changes in their environment. Brian Tucker from California is another winner. Mister Tucker is an earthquake expert. He is the president of a non-profit group called GeoHazards International. His group works with local officials in developing countries to make their areas safer against earthquakes. Mister Tucker says that being recognized as a MacArthur Fellow will make a huge difference for his company.13．Which of the following is one of the requirements for a MacArthur Fellowship winner?A．The winner should write a report to the committee of the foundation.B．The winner should report to the committee before they spend the money.C．The winner should not be a government official.D．The winner should be nominated by the foundation’s directors.正确答案：C14．Why was Daniela Rus awarded this year’s MacArthur Fellowship?A．For her achievements in environmental protection.B．For her achievements in developing computer software.C．For her achievements in developing warships.D．For her achievements in developing robots.正确答案：D15．Why was Brian Tucker given this year’s MacArthur Fellowship?A．He was recognized as a genius by the foundation’s directors.B．He helped the developing countries to fight against earthquakes.C．He helped the third world countries to develop quickly.D．He ran a non-profit international organization.正确答案：BSection C Directions: In this section you will bear a short lecture. Listen tothe recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.听力原文：Experts say in the near future, many houses in the United States will be powered by energy from the sun, Many people in Washington, D. C., recently were able to see what some of those homes might look like. Several hundred college students from across the country took part in a competition to see who could build the best solar-powered house. The United States Department of Energy organized the competition. Students from fourteen colleges and universities took part in this Solar Home Competition. Student teams competed in a series of ten contests to see who could design, build and operate the best house powered only by the sun. The solar homes were built on the National Mall, the grassy open area between the United States Capitol building and the Washington Monument. The solar houses were set up in the middle. Each team included at least twenty students of design, architecture and building sciences. The students gained the money to buy equipment and materials for their house. Each house cost as much as $250,000 to build. A solar-powered house has a roof designed to take in the heat of the sun and change it to energy, That power is then stored in a battery bank which supplies power to the whole house. As part of the competition, the teams were expected to spend most of the day in their homes doing normal activities. The activities used electricity powered by the sun. For example, the students cooked food, used computers, operated lights and washed clothes in Machines. They even drove around the solar village in electric cars powered by a solar battery. The competition is designed to show Americans that solar energy works, because the use of solar energy in the United States is less than in other parts of the world. Only about 20, 000 American homes are solar-powered.16．What did the several hundred college students compete to build recently in Washington,DC?正确答案：The best solar—powered house．17．Which department in the United States organized the competition?正确答案：Department of Energy．18．How many teams took part in the competition?正确答案：1419．How much did each team spend on equipment and other materials?正确答案：$250,000.0020．What is the purpose of the competition?正确答案：To show Americans that solar energy works．VOCABULARYSection A Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21．These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A．amount toB．conform toC．contribute toD．attach to正确答案：D解析：划线词boil down to v．“归结为”。
2005年硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案
2005年硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案[ 作者: 转自: 浏览:883 ]【大小】【评论】【打印】【关闭】Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numb ered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which f loat through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stickto surfaces. In fact5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not g enerally realize it. Our noses are capable of7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one mill ion.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that evenpeople insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly bec ome sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply donot need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while2. ［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding ［D］besides3. ［A］limited ［B］committed ［C］dedicated ［D］confined4. ［A］catching ［B］ignoring ［C］missing ［D］tracking5. ［A］anyway ［B］though ［C］instead ［D］therefore6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if7. ［A］distinguishing［B］discovering ［C］determining［D］detecti ng8. ［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］determining［D］diffused9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for ［D］whereas10. ［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical11. ［A］signs ［B］stimuli ［C］messages ［D］impulses12. ［A］at first ［B］at all ［C］at large ［D］at times13. ［A］subjected ［B］left ［C］drawn ［D］exposed14. ［A］ineffective ［B］incompetent ［C］inefficient［D］insuffici ent15. ［A］introduce ［B］summon ［C］trigger ［D］create16. ［A］still ［B］also ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless17. ［A］sure ［B］sick ［C］aware ［D］tired18. ［A］tolerate ［B］repel ［C］neglect ［D］notice19. ［A］availabe ［B］reliable［C］identifiable［D］suitable20. ［A］similar to［B］such as ［C］along with ［D］aside from Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b y choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(4 0 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish i f you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if h e has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such beh aviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the unde rlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of E mory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin mo nkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, a nd they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human co unterparts, they tend to pa y much closer attention to the value of “goo ds and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect ca ndidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers sp ent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Nor mally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the otherwas getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much prefe rable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exch ange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having t o provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to ;accept t he slice of cucumber Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the othe r chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guid ed by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each anim al feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it se ems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward co mpletely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of th e group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independe ntly in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common a ncestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unans wered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast.B. justifying an assumption.C. making a comparison.D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) impli es thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probab ly because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get.B. attentive to researchers' ins tructions.C. nice in both appearance and temperament.D. more generous than the ir male companions24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study t hat the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbers.B. can be taught to exchange things.C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D. are unhappy when sep arated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoki ng would killus but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evi dence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lo bby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should sta y out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over t hree decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after an other try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The l atest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely wa rming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers But science do es provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is criti cal that out nation and the world base important policies on the best j udgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting th at the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. this is a dangerou s game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obv ious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global w arming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press fo r more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forwar d on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is in adequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Con gress should help to beginfashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for priva te industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting re ady to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If w e are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insi gnificant.C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve asA. a protector.B. a judge.C. a critic.D. a guide.28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)A. Endless studies kill action.B. Careful investigation reveals truth.C. prudent planning hinders.D. Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do aboutA. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B. Raise public awareness o f conservation.C. Press for further scientific research.D. Take some legislative measur es.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of sm oking becauseA. they both suffered from the government's negligence.B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D. both of them have turned from bad to worse.Text 3Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be le ast within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud form ulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” the random b yproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now res earchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermosta t, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line” And one leading autho rity says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only h arnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of p sychology at Chicago's Medical Center. “If you don't like it , change i t.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as acti ve during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams o ccur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, th e limbic system (the “emotional brain”)is especial ly active, while the p refrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quie t. “We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings c an stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William D ement.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright beli eves one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visua lize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice peo ple can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake u in a panic,” Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and ge neral feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffe ring from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For t he rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreamsA. can be modified in their courses.B. are susceptible to emotional cha nges.C. reflect our innermost desires and fears.D. are a random outcome of neural repairs.32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to showA. its function in our dreams.B. the mechanism of REM sleep.C. the relation of dreams to emotions.D. its difference from the prefro ntal cortex.33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend toA. aggravate in our unconscious mind.B. develop into happy dreams.C. persist till the time we fall asleep.D. show up in dreams early at ni ght.34.Cartwright seems to suggest thatA. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll.C. dreams should be left to their natural progression.D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?A. lead your life as usual.B. Seek professional help.C. Exercise conscious control.D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in w riting, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do th ey aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we sho uld like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960scounter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thin g”, has spelt the death of formal speech, wr iting, poetry and music. W hile even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they pu t pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking i s triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we shou ld, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of huma n language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be po werfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world tha t cannot convey complex ideas He is not arguing, as many do, that w e can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large c hunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-sp eakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictl y necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grie ving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now t ake our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal EnglishA. is inevitable in radical education reforms.B. is but all too natural in language development.C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.37. The word “talking” (Linge6, paragraph3) denotesA. modesty.B. personality.C. liveliness.D. informality.38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most like ly agree?A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.D. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author'sA. interest in their language.B. appreciation of their efforts.C. admiration for their memory.D. contempt for their old-fashionedness.40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” asA. “temporary” is to “permanent”.B. “radical” is to “conservative”.C. “functional” is to “artistic”.D. “humble” is to “noble”.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered bl ank thereare two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they hav e any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July ann ual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts recommen ded the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province h aving its own list of approved drugs , bureaucracy, procedures and lim ited bargaining power, all would pool resources ,work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42.But “national” doesn't have to mean that. “National” could mean interp rovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to neg otiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of hav ing one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency woul d negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million peo ple, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency wi th the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Techn ology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Co mmon Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs s hould be included, predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn't gone anywhere while drug costs k eep rising fast.44.Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially t he parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout drugs.“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing c ost of drugs.”45.So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.A. Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. O ne of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!B. Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report:“the substan tial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insur ance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies”C. What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael K irby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently cre ated National Health Council.D. The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information. prescript ion drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healt h-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costi ng more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that w ould end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province fr om being played off against another, and bargain for better drug price s.G. Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divi ded buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its, list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined seg ments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANS WER SHEET2. (10points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overw helmingly significant phase in European history. History and news beco me confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feel ings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served t o much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent event s in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mi nd we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Eur ope, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines a nd publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian e xample would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Mur doch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contes ted market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that sh ow that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% t ook a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige tele vision companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both productio n and distribution.(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our depen dence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experie nces and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co -productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for pr oduction costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I ha d to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each cou ntry.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design s & fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expect ed. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s), and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on A NSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the lette r, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 p oints)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay ,you should first describe the drawing the interpret its mea ning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)标准答案:Section I Use of English1-5 C B A C B 6-10 A D A D B11-15 C A D C D16-20 B C D A BSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 C B A C B 26-30 C D A D B31-35 A C D D A 36-40 B D A B CPart B41-45 E C G F BPart C46．电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一--在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。
北航研究生英语入学考试
北航研究生英语入学考试北航05年英语专业硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案考生注意:所有答题务必写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效(本题单不参与阅卷)。
I( Vocabulary and Structure(40points,1*40)Part 1Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.1. “The giant was bit” is a tautological statement, to say the least.A tightB redundantC illogicalD relative2. There is an embargo on any more video games coming into the house.A landing placeB prohibitionC violationD permission3. Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people .A impatientB immatureC impulsiveD imperial4. Unfortunately, I’ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic chores.A dullB practicalC trivialD rhyming5. The crowd at t he town meeting found the mayor’s assurance tooglib.A sarcasticB flashyC maliciousD readily fluent6. Gazing at the crystalline lake, I decided it was too beautiful to swim in.A breakableB futuristicC delicateD sparkling7. We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership.A leadB doubtC checkD repeat8.It is more difficult for a chronic smoker to give up the habit than for a novice, but it can be done.A affluentB confirmedC disciplinedD indecisive9. They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another companyA headhuntedB punchedC plunderedD probed10. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were unreadable.A indelibleB inscrutableC illegibleD illegitimate11. She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest.bridled B bridged C breathed D boasted A12. Investors should study a prospectus before putting money into a big company.A positive outlookB banking agreementC profit-and-loss statementD formal business document13 .The real hero is never ostentatious.A frivolousB pretentiousC presumptuousD ponderous14. If you have never held a driving license before, you should apply for a provisional license.A providentialB temporaryC provincialD improvised15. John Smith is a voracious book collector.A viciousB luxuriousC insatiableD valuable16. I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.A precipitousB precociousC precariousD precautious17. You need an excursion to break the monotony.A gauntB jauntC vauntD taunt18. The government appears in a quandary about what to do with somany people.A borderB marshy groundC dilemmaD situation19. It was an auspicious beginning to her career as an author.A unexpectedB interestingC favorableD doubtful20. The governor was usually circumspect when dealing with the media.A skilledB cautiousC impatientD obedientPart 2Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that bestcompletes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter.21. The children were having a wonderful time _____ on the frozen lake.A slippingB slitheringC skiddingD sliding22. The campers ______ their tent in a sheltered valley.A establishedB installedC pitchedD fixed23. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning. Whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on _____ .A responseB impulseC instinctD consciousness24. The cultural traditions of the invaders slowly ______ the practices of the island dwellers.A spreadB perpetuatedC permeatedD reinforced25. He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his bestselling novel he became unbearable _____ .A bigotedB proudC conceitedD exaggerated26. This is the _____ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A actualB realC originalD genuine27. Although ____, new deposits of oil will be found, sooner or later, the world’ssupply will be exhausted.A in all likelihoodB in all possibilityC in all circumstancesD in all conditions28. I should like to rent a house, comfortable and ___ in a quiet position.A before allB above allC first of allD over all29. He came to inspect the house ___ buying it.A in the event ofB with a view toC in case ofD with regard to30. Let’s not ____ over such a trifle!A fall throughB fall offC fall outD fall back31. He is a clever mimic who can take ____ most of the lectures in this college.A overB downC offD for32. He tried for forgery in a law court but was lucky enough to_____ .A get onB get offC get throughD get out33. The captain turned ____ early that night, not realizing that the icebergs were so closeA inB downC intoD OFF34. You promised you would do it. Why did you go ____ on your word?A backB awayC overD by35. The numerals have become, _____ , his friends, and he knows all their relations and acquaintances.A as it isB as it wasC as it wereD as they are36. A safety analysis _____ the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately, it was never done.A would identifyB will identifyC would have identifiedD will have identified37. Jennifer took this opportunity to repay her friends fortheir kindness ____ , she would have had to entertain them in her small apartment in Charlotte town.A OtherwiseB HoweverC ButD Nevertheless38. The window is never opened ____ in summer.A butB exceptC whenD while39. Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold ____ bacteria in foods to a safe level.A a number ofB the number ofC an amount ofD a quantity of40. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study ofAfro-American poetry is his insistence that is ____ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet.III. Cloze (10 points, 1*10)Directions: Fill in each underlined space with one word that best suits the context of the following passage.Today it is out of fashion to speak in ___61______ of characters.But there is no more essential aspect of any person.Character is made up of those principles and values that give your__62___ direction, meaning and depth. These constitute your inner sense of ___63_____ is right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct ___64____ on who you are. They include ___65____ traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness and generosity ------ which arise ___66______ the hard choice we have to _67___ in life. So wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught.___68____ some people wonder if our inner values __69_____ anymore. After all, hasn’t our noted bank executive succeeded in every visible way ___70____ his transgressions( 错误，过失)。
05年考研英语真题(题目选项版)
05Text 121. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 226. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 331. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 436. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”__。
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北航05年英语专业考研基础英语试题I.Vocabulary and Structure(40points,1*40)Part 1Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.1. ―The giant was bit‖ is a tautologi cal statement, to say the least.A tightB redundantC illogicalD relative2. There is an embargo on any more video games coming into the house.A landing placeB prohibitionC violationD permission3. Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people .A impatientB immatureC impulsiveD imperial4. Unfortunately, I‗ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic chores.A dullB practicalC trivialD rhyming5. The crowd at the town meeting found the mayor‗s assurance too glib.A sarcasticB flashyC maliciousD readily fluent6. Gazing at the crystalline lake, I decided it was too beautiful to swim in.A breakableB futuristicC delicateD sparkling7. We cannot vacillate on the question of the party‗s leadership.A leadB doubtC checkD repeat8.It is more difficult for a chronic smoker to give up the habit than for a novice, but it can be done.A affluentB confirmedC disciplinedD indecisive9. They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another companyA headhuntedB punchedC plunderedD probed10. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were unreadable.A indelibleB inscrutableC illegibleD illegitimate11. She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest.A bridledB bridgedC breathedD boasted12. Investors should study a prospectus before putting money into a big company.A positive outlookB banking agreementC profit-and-loss statementD formal business document13 .The real hero is never ostentatious.A frivolousB pretentiousC presumptuousD ponderous14. If you have never held a driving license before, you should apply for a provisional license.A providentialB temporaryC provincialD improvised15. John Smith is a voracious book collector.A viciousB luxuriousC insatiableD valuable16. I don‗t think we should make precipitate decisions.A precipitousB precociousC precariousD precautious17. You need an excursion to break the monotony.A gauntB jauntC vauntD taunt18. The government appears in a quandary about what to do with so many people.A borderB marshy groundC dilemmaD situation19. It was an auspicious beginning to her career as an author.A unexpectedB interestingC favorableD doubtful20. The governor was usually circumspect when dealing with the media.A skilledB cautiousC impatientD obedientPart 2Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter.21. The children were having a wonderful time _____ on the frozen lake.A slippingB slitheringC skiddingD sliding22. The campers ______ their tent in a sheltered valley.A establishedB installedC pitchedD fixed23. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning. Whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on _____ .A responseB impulseC instinctD consciousness24. The cultural traditions of the invaders slowly ______ the practices of the island dwellers.A spreadB perpetuatedC permeatedD reinforced25. He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his bestselling novel he became unbearable _____ .A bigotedB proudC conceitedD exaggerated26. This is the _____ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A actualB realC originalD genuine27. Although ____, new deposits of oil will be found, sooner or later, the world‗s supply will be exhausted.A in all likelihoodB in all possibilityC in all circumstancesD in all conditions28. I should like to rent a house, comfortable and ___ in a quiet position.A before allB above allC first of allD over all29. He came to inspect the house ___ buying it.A in the event ofB with a view toC in case ofD with regard to30. L et‗s not ____ over such a trifle!A fall throughB fall offC fall outD fall back31. He is a clever mimic who can take ____ most of the lectures in this college.A overB downC offD for32. He tried for forgery in a law court but was lucky enough to _____ .A get onB get offC get throughD get out33. The captain turned ____ early that night, not realizing that the icebergs were so closeA inB downC intoD OFF34. You promised you would do it. Why did you go ____ on your word?A backB awayC overD by35. The numerals have become, _____ , his friends, and he knows all their relations and acquaintances.A as it isB as it wasC as it wereD as they are36. A safety analysis _____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.A would identifyB will identifyC would have identifiedD will have identified37. Jennifer took this opportunity to repay her friends for their kindness ____ , she would have had to entertain them in her small apartment in Charlotte town.A OtherwiseB HoweverC ButD Nevertheless38. The window is never opened ____ in summer.A butB exceptC whenD while39. Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold ____ bacteria in foods to a safe level.A a number ofB the number ofC an amount ofD a quantity of40. Jean Wagner‗s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that is ____ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A is to be analyzedB has been analyzedC be analyzedD should have been analyzedII. Error spotting (20points, 1*20)Directions: Decide which underlined part is incorrect and mark the corresponding letter.41. The process depends, however, upon the drawer, cupboard and storage space being provided, A Bfor the lack of which some thing may literally have no place to go .C D42. Immediately after I put my head on it, I got to understand that translation wasn‗t as mechanical A B Ca job as I had held it to be.D43. Living in a remote country village, many forms of entertainment are in accessible to us.A B C D44. Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide effort to send food and medicine A B Cto the starved people.D45. The government deems it essential that people are psychologically able to resist the impactA Bbrought about by the transition from planned economy to market-oriented economy.C D46. At seeing him, I couldn‗t resist laughing because his suit hung loosely, as if ta ilored forA B Csomeone twice his size.D47. What is often stressed in most of the literature, an objective of Women Lib is to do away with A B Cunfair discrimination against women.D48. If ambition is to be well regarded, the reward of ambition —— wealth, distinction, control over A Bone‗s destiny ——must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition‘s behalf.C D49. Mr. Smith regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it wasA B Chis own fault.D50. Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly, which really have surprised us all.A B C D51. The parent as teacher-counselor acts in accord with the developmental model of child rearing, Aby which the child is viewed as an extremely plastic organism with virtually unlimited potentialB Cfor growth and development.D52. For every patient with AIDS, it is estimated that there are 10 times as many as ARC, orAAIDS-Related Complex, a precursor to the fullblown disease, and 50 times as many who already B Chave been infected with the agent human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.D53. If only the nature of the aging process is better understood the possibility of discovering aA B Cmedicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote.D54.As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop mass transit to A B Ctake place of private cars.D55. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, A Band program computers to locate specific in formation.C D56. Once an occupation came to be received to be ―female‖, employers showed little interest inA Bchanging that perception, even when higher profits were expected to be gained.C D57. It is inevitable that the natural resources throughout the world are diminished as the demandA B Cfor them is on the increase.D58. The men who wrote the United States Constitution did the best they could on the face ofA B Ccircumstances which confronted them at the time.D59.I am sure one of the main reasons why boys and girls are such good companions today is thatA Bthey are no longer afraid of showing their feeling towards each other.C D60.The data received from the two spacecrafts whirling around Mars indicate that there is muchA B Cevidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet.DIII. Cloze (10 points, 1*10)Directions: Fill in each underlined space with one word that best suits the context of the following passage.Today it is out of fashion to speak in ___61______ of characters. But there is no more essential aspect of any person.Character is made up of those principles and values that give your __62___ direction, meaning and depth. These constitute your inner sense of ___63_____ is right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct ___64____ on who you are. They include ___65____ traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness and generosity —— which arise ___66______ the hard choice we have to _67___ in life. So wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught.___68____ some people wonder if our inner values __69_____ anymore. After all, hasn‗t our noted bank executive succeeded in every visible way ___70____ his transgressions( 错误，过失)。