英语常见同根形容词辨析
英语同根词意思
英语同根词意思同根词: 在同一语种中词根相同、意义相似的词比如动词wake 有叫醒的意思。
造句:please wake me tomorrow morning明天请叫醒我。
wake,叫醒,的形容词是:awake意思是醒来的。
比如:I am awake,我现在醒着的。
我起来了。
那么这里动词wake 跟形容词awake,根据我最开始给出的定义,他俩意思相同,虽然一个是动词一个是形容词,但是都是跟醒有关。
而且形似。
所以我们就说着两个词是同根词。
根=形,根 = 意思。
再比如:color:名词颜色colorful形容词=五彩缤纷的他俩也是同根词。
一般名词后边+ful就变成了形容词。
比如:care,小心careful小心的。
当然不是所有名词后边都加ful就变成了形容词。
同根词只是让你记单词容易些。
比如你只认识care,不认识careful,当你知道同根词的概念之后,你就能才出来careful是care 的形容词了,意思是小心的的意思。
再比如beauty,你知道是美丽的意思吧?那比如你不知道beautiful是啥意思,可是你感觉你怎么好像认识前边半部分呢?那你就可以顺藤摸瓜才出来beautiful是美丽的的意思。
当然很多tive结尾也是形容词。
比如construct =建设constructive=有建设性的。
所以你要多看,就能找到规律,这样即便不用背单词,也会无形中增加您的单词量。
1,首先你要练就看到一个词,虽然不知道他啥意思,你最起码能区分他的词性。
比如是名词啊?还是动词啊?还是形容词啊?2,阅读多了,记得基本词根了,就能猜出很多不知道的词的意思了。
祝您学业有成。
同根形容词
同根形容词同根形容词就是由同样的词根派生而意义不同的形容词。
比如说一个consider可以派生出considerable(值得考虑的)和considerate (体贴的)两个形容词,这种同根形容词很多,大家先看下边的单词:你发现什么规律了吗?interest——interested——interesting relax——relaxed——relaxing, embarrass——embarrassed——embarrassing bore——bored——boringtire——tired——tiringrelax——relaxed——relaxingamaze——amazed——amazing surprise——surprised——surprising他们都属于同根单词,由同一个动词在后边加—ing和—ed构成形容词。
那怎么正确使用呢?很多同学对这两个形容词怎么正确使用不大感冒,其实区分它们非常的简单,大家看一下。
像interesting,它后边有个ing形式,和thing 的尾巴是一样的,thing是东西的意思,所以以ing结尾的是修饰物的。
而interested,这是过去分词充当的形容词,他是用来修饰人的。
其他所有的都是一样的原理。
请看例句:1.We are interested in the English story because it's very interesting.我们对这个英语故事感兴趣,因为它很有趣。
2.The boy is very excited to see the exciting moment.这个男孩看到这激动人心的时刻,很兴奋。
3.He's very embarrassed because the work is very embarrassing.他很尴尬/窘迫/害羞,因为他的工作令人尴尬。
4.The workers got bored with the boring work in the factory.那个年代的工人们对流水线上的烦人工作感到厌倦。
英语中常见形容词辨析
英语中常见形容词辨析1、calm, quiet, still, silent这几个词都与“静”有关,但它们所表示静的对相是不同的,所描述的物体、场合是不同的。
(1)calm 常指天气平静、无风,海无浪,心境镇定,无忧虑,镇静自若,强调外表等。
如:The weather is calm and the sea is calm. 天气和大海是一片宁静。
Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice. 尽管她心里害怕,她回答问题时心里还是很镇定。
(2)quiet “静止的、宁静的、没有激动、烦恼、忧虑的、”,强调没有扰乱,没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。
如:Ask the children to make less noise and keep quiet. 让孩子们小点声,保持安静。
(3)still “静止不动”、“平静”,突出不发出动作。
如:Please stand still while I am ready to take the photograph. 站着别动,我给你们照相。
It was very late and the night was still. 更深夜静。
(4)silent “声音极小的”、“沉默的”、“寡言的”。
如:John is a silent, thoughtful boy. 约瀚是个不爱讲话,喜欢思考的孩子。
The house was silent because everyone was asleep. 房子里很安静,所有的人都睡着了。
2、worth, worthy(1)worth 表示“值”、“相等于…的价值”。
表示“价值…”的意思时,常与表示钱方面的名词连用;表示“值得…”的意思时,常与名词连用。
它一般用作表语。
常用下面两种句型:sth+ be worth + 动名词或名词,It + be worth (one’s) while + 动名词(或不定式)。
高考考纲英语同根词知识讲解
高考考纲英语同根词高三英语组徐文景1.able adj. 能够的;有能力的;有才干的;干练的同根词:adj.unable 不能的, 不会的disabled伤残的V. disable使残废, 使失去能力, 丧失能力enable使能够, 授予权利或方法n.ability 能力,资格;能耐,才能The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early2.absent adj. 缺席的,不在场的;缺少的,缺乏的;不在意的,茫然的反义词present同根词:absence n. 缺席,缺勤;缺乏,缺少,无;心不在焉,不注意反义词presenceThe presence or absence of clouds can have an important impact on heat transfer 3.absorb vt. 吸收(液体、气体等);吸引(注意);吞并,合并;忍受,承担(费用)同根词:absorbed adj. 被…吸引住,专心致志,全神贯注I get so absorbed in doing something that I am unaware of things happening round me.4.access n. 入口,出口;接近,进入;增长;爆发vt. 接近,进入;使用,接近,获取同根词:accessible adj.能接近的;可进去的The legal aid system should be accessible to more people5.account n. 账,账目;存款;记述,报告;理由vi. 解释;导致;报账同根词:accountant n. 会计人员,会计师6.accurate adj. 精确的,准确的;正确无误的accuracy n. 精确(性),准确(性)7.acquire vt. 获得,取得;学到acquirement n.取得,习得;成就,造诣同根词:v. enquire询问inquire打听,询问;调查acquire获得;学到[知识等];养成[习惯]8.act v. 行动;表现;表演;起作用n. 行为;行动;法案,法令;短节目同根词adj. active积极的, 能起作用的, 现行的n.action动作, 作用, 战斗, 行动, 举动, 行为activity活动actor男演员actress女演员They have learned the lessons of business management theory, and put them into action9.adapt vi. 适应于,适应不同情况(或环境)(to) vt. 改编,改写;改变…以适合(for)同根词:adaptation适应,[书]改写本The book described the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions10.add vt .添加,增加addition n.增加;(算数用语)加11.adjust v.调整,调节,适应,习惯adjustment n. 调整,适应12.admire v. 钦佩;羡慕admirable a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的13.admit vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)admission n. 准入, 接纳14.adolescence n. 青春,青春期adolescent n. 青少年15.advertise vt. 为……做广告advertisement n. 广告16.agency n. 代理机构agent n. 代理人,经济人17.agree v. 同意;应允agreement n. 同意,一致;协定,协议18.agricultural a. 农业的agriculture n. 农业,农学19.alcohol n. 含酒精饮料,酒alcoholic a. / n. 含酒精的,酒鬼20.amaze v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊amazing a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的21.amuse vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐amusement n. 娱乐22. analyse v. 分析analysis n. 分析,分析结果23.anxiety n. 担忧,焦虑anxious a. 忧虑的,焦急的24.apologize vi. 道歉,谢罪apology n. 道歉;歉意25.appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出现,露面;容貌26. applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请apply v. 申请27.appoint v. 任命,委任,安排,确定(时间地点)appointment n. 约会28.approve v.赞成,同意,批准,通过approval n.赞成,同意,29.architect n. 建筑师,设计师architecture n.建筑学,建筑设计,风格30.argue vi. 争辩,争论argument n. 争论,辩论31.arrange v. 安排,布置arrangement n. 安排,布置32.arrival n. 到来,到达arrive vi. 到达;达到33.assess v.评价,评定(性质,质量)assessment n. 看法,评价34.assist v. 帮助,协助assistance n. 帮助,援助,支持assistant n. 助手,助理35.associate v. 联想,联系association n. 协会,社团,联系36.assume v. 假定,假设assumption n. 假定,假设37.astronaut n. 宇航员astronomer n. 天文学家astronomy n. 天文学38. athlete n. 运动员athletic a. 健壮的,体育运动的39.attract v. 吸引,引起attraction n. 吸引,爱慕attractive a. 迷人的,有吸引力的40.behave v. 守规矩,行为behaviour n. 行为,举止41.belief n. 信条,信念believe v. 相信,认为42.beneficial a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的benefit n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益43.brave a. 勇敢的bravery n. 勇气44.breath n. 气息;呼吸breathe vi. 呼吸breathless a. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的45.care n. 照料;小心v. 介意,在乎careful a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的careless a. 粗心的,46.caution n. 谨慎,小心,警告cautious a. 小心的,谨慎的47.celebrate v. 庆祝celebration n. 庆祝;庆祝会48.central a. 中心,中央;主要的centre (美center ) n. 中心,中央49.changeable a.易变的,变化无常的change n 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换;兑换50.challenge n.挑战(性)challenging a.具有挑战性的51.character n.(汉)字.字体;品格characteristic a. 典型的,独特的52.cheer n. & vi.欢呼;喝彩cheerful a.兴高采烈的,快活的cheers int. 干杯,(口)谢谢53.chemical a. 化学的n. 化学品chemist n. 药剂师;化学家chemistry n. 化学54.collect vt. 收集,搜集collection n. 收藏品,收集物fort n. 安慰;慰问comfortable a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的municate v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等)communication n.交际,交往;通讯pete vi. 比赛,竞赛competence n.能力,胜任,管辖权competition n. 比赛,竞赛competitor n. 竞赛者,比赛者58.confident a. 自信的confidential a. 机密的,保密的59.congratulate vt. 祝贺congratulation n. 祝贺,庆贺60.conservation n 保存;(自然资源的)保护,管理conservative a. 保守的,守旧的;保守主义的;谨慎的n.保守的人,保守主义61.consider vt. 考虑considerate a. 体贴的consideration n. 考虑;关心62.construct v. 构筑;建造,建设construction n.建造,建设,建筑物63.consult v. 咨询,商量consultant n. 顾问64.contribute v. 贡献contribution n. 贡献65.convenience n. 便利convenient a. 便利的,方便的conventional a. 依照惯例的,习惯的66.correct v. 改正;纠正a. 正确的,对的;恰当的correction n. 改正67.count vt. 数,点数counter n. 柜台,结账处68.danger n. 危险dangerous a. 危险的69.dark n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮a. 黑暗的;暗淡的;深色的darkness n. 黑暗,阴暗70.dead a. 死的;无生命的death n. 死die v. 死71.decorate vt.装饰…,修饰…decoration n.装饰,修饰72.decide v. 决定;下决心decision n. 决定;决心73.deep a. 深ad. 深;深厚depth n. 深,深度74.defence (美defense) n. & v. 防御;防务defend vt. 防守;保卫75.delight n. 快乐;乐事delighted a. 高兴的,快乐的76.describe vt. 描写,叙述description n. 描述,描写77.develop v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发vt. 冲洗(照片)development n. 发展,发达,发育,开发78.devote vt. 把…奉献, 把…专用(于)devotion n. 奉献,奉献精神79.differ v. 相异,有区别difference n. 不同different a. 不同的,有差80.difficult a.难;艰难;不易相处difficulty n. 困难,费力81.direct a. / vt. 直接的;直达的;直截了当的指挥;指导;监督;管理;指挥(演奏);导演(电影)direction n. 方向;方位director n. 所长,处长,主任;董事;导演directory n. 姓名地址录82.dirt n. 污物;脏物dirty a. 脏的83.disability n.. 残疾;无能disabled a. 残废的,残疾的84.disagree vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见disagreement n. 意见不一致;相违;争论85.disappoint vt. 使失望disappointment n. 失望;沮丧86.discuss vt. 讨论,议论discussion n. 讨论,辩论87.discover vt. 发现discovery n. 发现88.distance n. 距离distant a. 远的,遥远的89.distinction n.差别,区别,优秀,卓越distinguish v. 区分,辨别,分清90.distribute v. 分发,分配district n. 区;地区;区域91.disturb vt. 扰乱;打扰disturbing a. 令人不安的,引起恐慌的92.divide vt. 分,划分division n. (算术用语)除93.dust n. 灰尘,尘土dustbin n. 垃圾箱dusty a. 尘土般的,尘土多的94.edition n.(发行物的)版,版(本)editor n. 编辑cate vt. 教育,培养educator n. 教育家education n. 教育,培养96.electric a. 电的electrical a. 电的;电器的electricity n. 电;电流electronic a. 电子的97.encourage vt. 鼓励encouragement n. 鼓励98.end n. 末尾;终点;结束v. 结束,终止ending n. 结局;结尾,最后endless a. 无止境的;没完的99.energetic a. 精力旺盛的energy n. 精力,能量100.enjoy vt.欣赏;享受乐趣;喜欢enjoyable a. 愉快的;有趣的101. equal a.平等的vt.等于,使等于equality n. 平等102.equip vt. 提供设备;装备;配备equipment n. 装备,设备103.evidence n. 证据,证明evident a.清楚的,显而易见的104.exist vi. 存在existence n.存在;生存;存在物105.explain vt. 解释,说明explanation n. 解释,说明106.express vt 表达;表示;表情n. 快车,特快专递expression n. 表达;词句;表示,说法;表情107. face n. 脸vt. 面向;面对facial a. 面部用的108.fail v. 失败;不及格;衰退failure n. 失败109.fair a. 公平的,合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的;(人)白肤金发的n. 集市;庙会;展览会fairly ad. 公正地,正当地;相当(程度)地fairness n. 公平;公正faith n. 信仰;信念110.favour (美favor) n. 恩惠;好意;帮助favourite (美favorite) a. 喜爱的n. 特别喜爱的人(或物)111.fluency n.(外语)流利,流畅fluent a. (外语)流利的,流畅112.fog n. 雾foggy a. 多雾的113.fortunate a. 幸运的;侥幸的fortune n. 财产;运气114.grow (grew, grown) v. 生长;发育;种植;变成growth n. 生长,增长115.happily ad. 幸福地,快乐地happiness n. 幸福,愉快happy a.幸福;快乐的,高兴的116.hope n.& v. 希望hopeful a. 有希望的;有前途的hopeless a.没有希望,不可救药的117.ill a. 有病的;不健康的illness n. 疾病118.importance n. 重要性important a. 重要的119.impress vt. 留下极深的印象impression n. 印象,感觉rm vt. 告诉;通知information n. 信息121.injure vt. 损害,伤害injury n. 受伤处122.instruct vt. 通知;指示;教instruction n. 说明,须知;教导123.insurance n. 保险insure vt. 给……保险124.intend vt. 想要,打算intention n. 打算,计划,意图125.invent vt. 发明,创造invention n. 发明,创造inventor n. 发明者,创造者126.judge n. 裁判;审判员;法官vt. 判断,断定judgement n. 裁判ugh n.& v. 笑,大笑;嘲笑laughter n. 笑;笑声w n. 法律,法令;定律lawyer n. 律师129.light n. 光,光亮;灯,灯光vt. 点(火),点燃a. 明亮的;轻的;浅色的lightning n.闪电130.live vi生活;居住;活着a活的,活着的;实况,现场(直播)的lively a. 活泼的;充满生气的131.love n.& vt. 爱;热爱;很喜欢lovely a. 美好的,可爱的132.luck n. 运气,好运lucky a. 运气好,侥幸133.mean(meant,meant) vt.意思,意指meaning n. 意思,含意134. merciful a. 仁慈的;宽大的mercy n. 怜悯135.mix v. 混合,搅拌mixture n. 混合物136. move v. 移动,搬动,搬家movement n. 运动,活动137.mud n. 泥, 泥浆muddy a. 泥泞的138.music n. 音乐,乐曲musical a. 音乐的,爱好音乐的n. 音乐片musician n. 音乐家,乐师139.natural a. 自然的nature n. 自然, 性质,种类140.noise n. 声音,噪声,喧闹声noisily ad. 喧闹地noisy a. 喧闹的,嘈杂的141.novel n. (长篇)小说novelist n. 小说家142.peace n. 和平peaceful a. 和平的,安宁的143. perform v. 表演,履行;行动performance n. 演出,表演performer n. 表演者,执行者144.person n. 人personal a. 个人的,私人的personnel n. 全体人员,职员personally ad. 就自己而言145.physical a. 身体的;物理的physician n.(有行医执照的)医生physicist n. 物理学家physics n. 物理(学)146.poison n. 毒药poisonous a. 有毒的,致命的147. policy n. 政策,方针political a. 政治的politician n. 政治家politics n. 政治148.pollute vt. 污染pollution n. 污染149.possess vt. 占有;拥有possession n. 所有,拥有;财产,所有物150.possibility n. 可能,可能性possible a. 可能的possibly ad. 可能地,也许151. prefer vt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢preference n. 选择,趋向152.preparation n. 准备prepare vt. 准备,预备,调制,配制153.present a出现的,出席的n. 礼物,赠品vt. 呈奉,奉送presentation n. 演示,演出154.produce vt. 生产;制造product n. 产品,制品production n. 生产;制造155.profession n.(需要有高等教育学位的)职业(如医生或律师)professor n. 教授156.proper a. 恰当的,合适的properly ad. 适当地157.protect vt. 保护protection n. 保护158.punish v. 惩罚,处罚punishment n. 惩罚159.reception n. 接待receptionist n. 接待员160.refer vi. 谈到,提到,涉及,有关referee n. 裁判,仲裁,调解员reference n.提到,涉及,谈及,查询161. regard v. 把……看作regards n. 问候,致意regardless a. 不顾,不加理会162.regular a. 规则的,经常regulation n. 规则,规章163.relate vi. 有关;涉及relation n. 关系;亲属relationship n. 关系relative n. 亲属,亲戚164.rely v. 依赖,依靠reliable a. 可信赖的,可依靠的165.religion n. 宗教religious a. 宗教的166.report n.& v. 报道,报告reporter n. 记者,新闻通讯员167.represent vt. 代表representative n.代表,典型人物168.require vt. 需求;要求requirement n. 需要;要求;必要的条件169.respond v.回答,回应,作出反应responsibility n. 责任,负责170.sad a. (使人)悲伤的sadness n. 悲哀,忧伤171.safe a. 安全的n. 保险柜safety n. 安全,保险172.satisfaction n. 满意satisfy vt. 满足,使满意173.scene n. (戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景scenery n. 风景,景色,风光174.science n. 科学,自然科学scientific a. 科学的scientist n. 科学家175.secure a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的security n. 安全,平安176.separate v. 使分开,使分离a. 单独的,分开的separately ad. 单独地,各自地separation n. 分离,隔离177.servant n. 仆人,佣人serve vt. 招待(顾客等),服务service n. 服务178. settle vi. 安家,定居settlement n. 新拓居地;(美)部落,村落settler n. 移居者,开拓者179. sharp a. 锋利的,尖的sharpen v. (使)变锐利,削尖sharpener n. 削尖用的器具180. shave (shaved, shaved 或shaven) v. 刮(脸,胡子)shaver n. 电动剃须刀181.shoot (shot, shot) vt. 射击,射中,发射n. 嫩枝;苗;芽shooting n. 射击182.sick a.有病,患病的,(想)呕吐sickness n. 疾病183.sign n. 符号,标记signal n. 信号,暗号signature n. 签名184.silence n. 安静,沉默silent a. 无声的,无对话的185.simple a. 简单的,简易的simple-minded a.纯朴,头脑简单simplify v. 使简化,使简易simply ad.简单地,(加强语气)的确186.skill n. 技能,技巧skilled a. 熟练的;有技能的skillful a. 熟练,精湛的,灵巧的skillfully ad. 精湛地,巧妙地187.snow n. 雪vi.下雪snowball n. 雪球snowman n. 雪人snowy a. 雪(白)的;下雪的;多(积)雪的188. social a. 社会的;社交的socialism n. 社会主义socialist a. 社会主义的society n. 社会189.spirit n. 精神spiritual a. 精神的;心灵的190.spoon n. 匙, 调羹spoonful n. 一匙(的量)191.stain n. 污点,污渍,染色剂stainless a. 无污点的stainless steel 不锈钢192.strength n. 力量,力气strengthen vt. 加强,增强193.subject a隶属的;受支配的;易受…的;在…条件下vt. 使隶属;使服从;使受到n. 题目;主题;学科;主语;主体subjective a. 主观的194.suffer vi. 受苦,遭受suffering n. 痛苦,苦难195.suggest vt. 建议,提议suggestion n. 建议196.survival n. 存活,幸存survive v.生存,存活,幸免于难197.taste n. 品尝, 尝味;味道vt. 品尝, 尝味tasteless a. 无滋味的tasty a. 味道好的198.technical a. 技术的,工艺的technique n. 技术;技巧,方法technology n. 技术199.tend v. 往往会,常常就,倾向,趋于tendency n. 倾向,偏好,性情200.terrible a. 可怕的;糟糕的terrify vt. 使人感到恐怖terror n. 恐惧,惊恐201.theoretical a. 理论的theory n. 理论202.think(thought, thought) v. 想;认为;考虑thinking n. 思索;见解;想法thought n. 思考,思想;念头203.thirst n. 渴;口渴thirsty a. 渴的204.thrill n./ v. 兴奋,激动thriller n. 惊险小说205.tour n. 参观, 观光, 旅行tourism n. 旅游业;观光tourist n. 旅行者,观光者206.tradition n. 传统,风俗traditional a. 传统的,风俗的207.translate vt. 翻译translation n. 翻译;译文translator n. 翻译家,译者208.urge v. 敦促,催促,力劝urgent a. 紧急的,紧迫的e n.& vt.利用,使用,应用used a. 用过的;旧的;二手的useful a. 有用的,有益的useless a. 无用的user n. 使用者;用户ual a. 通常的,平常的usually ad. 通常,经常211.valuable a. 值钱的,贵重的value n. 价值,益处variety n. 种种,种类various a. 各种各样的,不同的212. violence n. 暴力行为violent a. 暴力的213.wealth n. 财产,财富wealthy a. 富的214.worried a. 担心的,烦恼的worry n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰215.worth a. 有…的价值,值得…的worthless a.没有价值,没有用的worthwhile a. 值得做的worthy a. 值得的216.wound vt.伤,伤害n.创伤,伤口wounded a. 受伤的217.zip v.& n.拉开(或扣上)……的拉链;拉链zipper n. 拉链习惯用语和固定搭配ahead of 在……之前all the best 一切顺利,万事如意answer for 对……负责apart from 除去,除了as a matter of fact 事实上,其实as a result (作为)结果as usual 通常,平常地adapt oneself go sth. 让某人自己适应。
常用同根异义词辨析
distinguish, distinguished, distinguishable
distinguish: 区别,辨别 distinguished:著名的 distinguished:著名的 杰出的 卓越的 distinguishable:看得清楚的 distinguishable:看得清楚的 区分得开的 e.g. I think gray hair makes you look rather distinguished. Tom is hardly distinguishable from his twin brother. Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals.
economy, economic, economical, economics
economy: 经济,节约,节省 economic:经济的 economic:经济的 经济上的 economical:指 节约的,节俭的” economical:指“节约的,节俭的”,多指费用或 开支上的节省,常做表语或定语,当表节省的具 体内容时,其后用of 体内容时,其后用of 连接。 economics:经济学 economics:经济学 e.g. The car is quite economical of petrol. It seems to me that much of her difficulties are economic.
comprehend, comprehensive, comprehensive comprehend: 领会,理解 comprehensive:全面的, comprehensive:全面的,综合的 comprehensible:“可以理解的”常与to连用 comprehensible:“可以理解的”常与to连用 e.g. It is not comprehensible to ordinary minds. She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. I can’t comprehend how you could have can’ been so stupid.
几组易混同根形容词辨析
英语篇同根形容词,顾名思义,就是指含有相同词根的形容词。
这些形容词从外形结构上看,极为相似,容易混淆不清。
对此,笔者归纳了如下几组易混同根形容词,以期能够帮助同学们准确把握。
一、pleasant与pleasedpleasant与pleased这一组同根形容词均含有“高兴,愉悦”之意,但两者也有不同之处。
pleasant,意为“令人愉快的,宜人的,舒适的,友好的,和善的”,常用作定语修饰物,常与day,place,face,weather,voice,smile等名词连用,其反义词为“unpleasant”。
例如:We spent a pleasant weekend together.我们一起度过了一个愉快的周末。
The woman had a pleasant face.这位女士面相和善。
What a pleasant weather.How about goingout for a walk?多么宜人的天气啊。
出去散散步怎么样?pleased,意为“喜悦的,满意的”,多指对某物或某人感到高兴或满意,含有被动的意味,常用作表语,其后可以与with,about或动词不定式连用,构成固定短语,其中be pleasedwith指对某物或人感到高兴或满意;bepleased about,指对某事感到高兴或满意;bepleased to do sth.则指乐于做某事。
例如:John was pleased about his exam results.约翰对他的考试成绩很满意。
He has made such great progress that theteachers are pleased with him.他进步得很快,老师们对他感到很满意。
I’m very pleased to hear about your news.听到你的消息我非常高兴。
二、interesting与interestedinteresting与interested也是同根形容词。
同根形容词辨析
1. confident, confidential confident意为“有信心的,自信的”He is quite confident that he will be able to pass the final English examination.confidential意为“表示信任的;机密的,机要的”Don't become too confidential with strangers.parative,comparable comparative意为“比较的;相对的,比较而言的”Let's make a comparative studyof the two languages. comparable意为“可以相提并论的”The achievements of an athlete and a writer are not comparable.3.considerable,considerate considerable意为“相当多(大、长、重)的”He amassed a considerable fortune.considerate意为“为他人着想,考虑周到的”I t was considerate of you not to play the piano while I wasasleep.4.continual,continuous continual意为“继续不断的,一再反复的”,指时间较长但是中间有短暂的间歇,多指重复的动作,常用来修饰一些令人不愉快的东西。
He hates these continual arguments with his wife.continuous意为“连续的,持续的”,指连续不断,中间没有间歇。
the brain needs a continuous supplyof blood.5.effective,efficient effective意为“有效的,效果好;生效的”,指得到所希望的结果或产生较长远的效果。
中考英语 重难考点解疑(三年真题+两年模拟)第七讲 形容词(原卷版 )
第七讲形容词考点扫描☆聚焦中考中考英语对形容词句型的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1、形容词词义的辨析2、同根词辨析3、形容词短语、副词词义辨析、形容词副词混合辨析。
高频考点一:形容词词义的辨析分析近年中考真题可知,对于形容词的考査注重语言环境下的词义辨析,且偏向同类形容词词义辨析,如人物描述类、情感情绪类、事物描述类、词义相近类、词义相对类其他类。
高频考点二:同根词辨析分析近年中考真题可知,主要在完形填空中考查同根词辨析。
同根词辨析主要涉及词义相对和词性的差别。
高频考点三:形容词短语分析近年中考真题可知,对形容词短语的考查主要在按要求完成句子中,考查考生在语境中使用形容词短语的能力。
高频考点四:副词词义辨析分析近年中考真题可知,兰州主要在完形空中考查副词词义辨析,省卷主要在单项选择中考考查角度包括:ly结尾的副词、易考副词、频度副词和其他副词的考查。
高频考点五:形容词副词混合辨析分析近年中考真题可知,对形容词、副词的混合辨析主要在单项选择和完形填空中考查,其考查的特点为:选项为两个或三个单词的两种词性之间旳混合辨析。
考点剖析☆名师点拨高频考点剖析一:形容词词义的辨析考生在解答此类试题时,首先要确定各选项的含义,然后分析语境和逻辑关系,确定正确答案。
下面将常见的同类形容词列举如下:1.人物描述类talll高的short矮的fat胖的thin瘦的bind眼盲的deaf耳聋的active活跃的cute可爱的famous有名的friendly友好的funny有趣的handsome英俊的humorous幽默的popular受欢迎的smart聪明的serous严肃的strong强壮的young年轻的2.情感情绪类bored无聊的disappointed失望的excited兴奋的frightened害怕的happy开心的interested感兴趣的lonely孤独的nervous焦虑的;紧张的proud骄傲的,自豪的sad伤心的surprised惊讶的3.事物描述类worried担忧的available可利用的bad坏的boring无聊的different不同的fantastic极好的popular流行的special特别的useful有用的4.词义相近类Expensive与high:描述物品贵用expensive,描述物品价格(price)高用high;loney与alone描指述人感到孤独的用lonely(可作定语、表语和宾语补足语),描述人独自的用alone③sleepy与asleep:描述人瞌睡的用sleepy(作表语或前置定语),描述人睡着的状态用asleep(作表语或宾语补足语)。
英语同源词——精选推荐
同源形容词同源形容词,也称同根形容词,就是由同一个词根而派生出来的不同的形容词。
这类形容词的语义有些有所联系,有些却相差很远,以下总结了一些典型的例子,供大家参考。
◇1Beneficial beneficentbeneficial having a helpful or useful effect eg. Fresh air is beneficial to one's health. 新鲜空气有益於健康.Beneficent giving help; showing kindness eg. a beneficent patron 慷慨的赞助人◇2credulous credible creditablecredulous too ready to believe things and therefore easy to deceive eg. credulous people who believe what the advertisements say 轻信广告的人.Credible that can be believed or trusted eg. It seems barely credible, ie seems almost impossible to believe. 这似乎难以置信.Creditable of a quite good standard and deserving praise or approval eg. a creditable attempt, performance, etc 值得赞扬的努力﹑表现等. ◇3Exhaustive exhausting exhaustedExhaustive very thorough; looking at every detail eg. an exhaustive enquiry, search 彻底的调查﹑搜查Exhausting making you feel very tired eg. an exhausting day at workExhausted very tired eg. The exhausted troops surrendered. 部队人困马乏结果投降了.◇4Industrial industriousIndustrial connected with industry eg. industrial development 工业发展Industrious working hard eg. The Chinese are an industrious nation. 中华民族是个勤劳的民族◇5noticeable noted notoriousNoticeable easy to see or notice eg. There's been a noticeable improvement in her handwriting. 她的书法有了明显的进步noted well known because of a special skill or feature eg. a town noted for its fine buildings, as a health resort 以精美的建筑物﹑疗养地而闻名的城镇.Notorious well known for being bad eg. a notorious criminal, area, bend in the road 天怒人怨的罪犯﹑地区﹑急转弯◇6Official officiousOfficial connected with the job of sb who is in a position of authority eg. in his official capacity as mayor 以其市长的官方身分.Officious too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders eg. We were tired of being pushed around by officious civil servants. 我们厌恶那些把我们支来支去(爱发号施令)的公务员◇7Practical practicablePractical concerned with practice and action rather than theory eg. practical experience, skills 实践经验﹑实际技能Practicable (of an idea, a plan or a suggestion) able to be done eg.a practicable scheme, solution, suggestion, etc 切实可行的计画﹑解决办法﹑建议等◇8Respectable respective respectfulRespectable considered by society to be acceptable, good or correct eg. a respectable married couple 一对值得尊敬的夫妻respective of or for or belonging to each as an individual eg. After the party we all went off to our respective rooms. 聚会之後我们回到各自的房间respectful feeling or showing respect eg. listen in respectful silence 必恭必敬地静听着◇9successful successivesuccessful achieving your aims or what was intended eg. a successful businesswoman,career, plan 获得成功的女商人﹑事业﹑计划successive following immediately one after the other eg. The school has won five successive games. 该校已连胜五场比赛.◇10Sensitive sensible sensationalSensitive easily hurt or damaged eg. A sensitive nerve in a tooth can cause great pain. 牙神经易受损伤, 可产生巨痛Sensible able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion eg. It was sensible of you to lock the door. 你把门锁上了, 做得对.Sensational causing great surprise, excitement, or interest eg. a sensational crime, victory, etc 骇人听闻的罪案﹑轰轰烈烈的胜利.◇11Intense intensiveIntense very great; very strong; extreme eg. intense heat, pain, etc 酷热﹑剧痛.Intensive concentrating all one's effort on a specific area eg. They teach you English in an intensive course lasting just a week; it's quite an intensive few days! 他们用一周时间教速成英语课程, 那几天可真紧张! ◇12Intelligent intelligible intellectualIntelligent good at learning, understanding and thinking in a logical way about things; showing this ability eg. an intelligent child 聪明的孩子Intelligible that can be easily understood eg. intelligible speech 明白易懂的讲话Intellectual of the intellect 智力的; 理智的eg. the intellectual faculties 智能intellectual interests, pursuits, etc 需用脑力的爱好﹑研究等◇13contemptible contemptuousContemptible not deserving any respect at all eg. contemptible cowardice 可鄙的胆怯Contemptuous feeling or showing that you have no respect for sb/sth eg. a contemptuous person, attitude, remark 傲慢的人﹑态度﹑言语等◇14Alternative alternateAlternative that can be used instead of sth else eg. The alternative book to study for the examination is `War and Peace'. 可供应考选读的另一本书是《战争与和平》Alternate happening or following one after the other regularly eg. on alternate days, eg on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, etc 每隔一日(如星期一﹑三﹑五等). alternate triumph and despair 交替而来的得意与失意. ◇15Politic politicalPolitic well judged; prudent (指行为)得当的, 审慎的eg. When the fight began, he thought it politic to leave. 刚一打起来他就想到还是走为上策.Political connected with the different groups working in politics eg. a political party, debate, crisis 政党﹑政治论战﹑政治危机◇16Potent potentialPotent (of drugs, etc) having a strong effect eg. a potent charm,cure, medicine 很有效的符咒﹑治疗法﹑药物Potential that can develop into sth or be developed in the future eg. The book is arguably a potential best seller. 该书或可成为一部畅销书◇17confident confidentialConfident feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful eg. a confident smile, manner, speech 显示信心的微笑﹑态度﹑讲话等confidential meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people eg. confidential information, files, letters 机密情报﹑文件﹑信件◇18negligent negligiblenegligent not giving proper attention or care to sth; careless eg. He was negligent of his duties. 他玩忽职守negligible of very little importance or size and not worth considering eg. a negligible amount, error, effect 微不足道的数量﹑错误﹑作用◇19momentary momentousmomentary lasting for a very short time eg. a momentary pause, interruption, success 暂短的停顿﹑中断﹑成功Momentous very important; serious eg. a momentous decision, occasion, event 重要的决定﹑场合﹑事件◇20distinct distinctiveDistinct easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite清楚的eg. The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足迹清晰易辨, 一定是不久前留下来的.distinctive that distinguishes sth by making it different from others 特别的; 有特色的eg. a distinctive appearance, style, smell 特殊的外表﹑风格﹑气味◇21disinterested uninterestedDisinterested not influenced by personal feelings or interests; unbiased 无个人利害关系的; 公正无私的; eg. My advice is quite disinterested. 我的建议是正直无偏的Uninterested having or showing no interest or concern; indifferent eg. He was totally uninterested in sport◇22earthly earthyearthly of this world; not spiritual 现世的; 尘世的eg. earthly joys, possessions 尘世的享乐﹑财产.Earthy of or like earth or soil泥土的; 像泥土的; eg. earthy colours / smells◇23exceptionable exceptionalExceptionable that sb can object to 可反对的eg. There are no exceptionable scenes in the play. 这出剧中没有能引起争议的情节.Exceptional unusually good ;very unusual eg. show exceptional musical ability 表现出非凡的音乐才能.◇24fatal fatefulfatal causing or ending in death致命的eg. a fatal accident 致命的Fateful important and decisive eg. fateful events, moments 决定性的事件﹑时刻◇25fleshly fleshyfleshly of the body; sensual or sexual eg. fleshly lusts 肉慾Fleshy of or like flesh; rather plump eg. a fleshy body 肥胖的身体◇26ingenious ingenuousIngenious (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems (指人)善於用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的; 心灵手巧的eg. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very ingenious! 那麽说是你把金属线穿过那个小孔的了, 真灵巧!(of a thing)original in design and well suited to its purpose (指物件)设计独特而精巧的eg. an ingenious device, gadget, etc 精巧的装置﹑小机械等.Ingenuous honest, innocent and willing to trust people eg. an ingenuous smile纯真的微笑◇27mysterious mysticalmysterious full of mystery; hard to understand or explain eg. a mysterious event, crime, etc 神秘的事件﹑罪行等Mystical having spiritual powers or qualities that are difficult to understand or to explain奥妙的causing feelings of awe and wonder 引起敬畏和惊奇的eg. For me, standing before the temple door as the sun rose was a mystical experience. 旭日东升, 我站在神殿门前, 体验到油然而生的敬畏之情.◇28spiritual spirituousSpiritual connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical things eg. concerned about sb's spiritual welfare 关心某人精神上的幸福Spirituous(of a drink) containing much alcohol eg. spirituous liquors, ie those that are distilled and not only fermented 烈性酒.◇29tortuous torturousTortuous not simple and direct; long, complicated and difficult to understand eg. followed a tortuous road down the mountainside 顺着蜿蜒的路下山Torturous causing sb severe pain in order to punish them or make them say or do sth◇30elementary elementalelementary in or connected with the first stages of a course of study eg. an elementary class 初级班Elemental wild and powerful; like the forces of nature eg. the elemental fury of the storm 暴风雨的肆虐◇31temporal temporaryTemporal connected with the real physical world, not spiritual matters eg. the temporal power of the Pope, ie as head of the Vatican State 教皇在世俗方面的权力temporary lasting or intended to last only for a short time; not permanent eg. temporaryemployment 临时工作。
中考英语词汇同根词归纳
中考英语词汇同根词归纳英语词汇的学习是中考英语备考的重点之一。
掌握同根词的变形和词义,能够帮助同学们更好地理解和记忆英语词汇。
以下是一些常见的同根词归纳。
1. act (行动)- actor(演员):a person who performs in plays, movies, or television shows- act(表演):to perform in a play, movie, or television show- action(行动):the process of doing something in order to achieve a purpose or goal2. believe(相信)- belief(信念):a feeling of being sure that someone or something exists or is true or trustworthy- believable(可信的):able to be believed- disbelieve(不相信):to not believe3. collect(收集)- collection(收藏):a group of objects that have been collected- collector(收藏家):a person who collects things as a hobby- collective(集体的):done by people acting as a group4. govern(统治)- government(政府):the group of people who control and make decisions for a country, state, etc.- governor(州长):a person who is the leader of the government of a state, province, etc.- ungovernable(难以驾驭的):impossible to govern or control5. invent(发明)- invention(发明):something that is made for the first time- inventor(发明家):a person who invents something- inventive(有创造力的):having or showing an ability to think of or create new things or ideas6. organize(组织)- organization(组织):a group of people who work together in an organized way for a shared purpose- organizer(组织者):a person who plans and arranges an activity or event- organizational(组织的):related to the way something is organized or the way an organization is run7. predict(预测)- prediction(预测):a statement about what will happen in the future- predictor(预测者):a person or thing that predicts something- predictable(可预测的):able to be predicted or expected8. succeed(成功)- success(成功):the fact of getting or achieving wealth, respect, or fame- successful(成功的):having achieved a lot, having a lot of money, or having achieved something important- unsuccessful(不成功的):not achieving or not likely to achieve success9. connect(连接)- connection(连接):the act of connecting two or more things together- connector(连接器):a device that is used to connect two or more parts of a machine or electrical system- disconnected(不连接的):not connected or joined together10. inspire(激励)- inspiration(灵感):a person, place, experience, etc. that makes someone want to do or create something- inspirational(激励的):making someone feel enthusiastic or excited about something- uninspiring(无灵感的):not making someone feel enthusiastic or excited about something这些同根词的归纳可以帮助同学们更好地理解和记忆英语词汇。
英语同源形容词
同源形容词同源形容词,也称同根形容词,就是由同一个词根而派生出来的不同的形容词。
这类形容词的语义有些有所联系,有些却相差很远,以下总结了一些典型的例子,供大家参考。
◇1Beneficial beneficentbeneficial having a helpful or useful effect eg. Fresh air isbeneficial to one's health. 新鲜空气有益於健康.Beneficent giving help; showing kindness eg. a beneficentpatron 慷慨的赞助人◇2credulous credible creditablecredulous too ready to believe things and therefore easy to deceiveeg. credulous people who believe what the advertisements say 轻信广告的人.Credible that can be believed or trusted eg. It seems barelycredible, ie seems almost impossible to believe. 这似乎难以置信.Creditable of a quite good standard and deserving praise or approvaleg. a creditable attempt, performance, etc 值得赞扬的努力﹑表现等. ◇3Exhaustive exhausting exhaustedExhaustive very thorough; looking at every detail eg. anexhaustive enquiry, search 彻底的调查﹑搜查Exhausting making you feel very tired eg. an exhausting day at workExhausted very tired eg. The exhausted troops surrendered. 部队人困马乏结果投降了.◇4Industrial industriousIndustrial connected with industry eg. industrial development 工业发展Industrious working hard eg. The Chinese are an industrious nation. 中华民族是个勤劳的民族◇5noticeable noted notoriousNoticeable easy to see or notice eg. There's been a noticeable improvement in her handwriting. 她的书法有了明显的进步noted well known because of a special skill or feature eg. a town noted for its fine buildings, as a health resort 以精美的建筑物﹑疗养地而闻名的城镇.Notorious well known for being bad eg. a notorious criminal, area, bend in the road 天怒人怨的罪犯﹑地区﹑急转弯◇6Official officiousOfficial connected with the job of sb who is in a position of authority eg. in his official capacity as mayor 以其市长的官方身分.Officious too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders eg. We were tired of being pushed around by officious civil servants. 我们厌恶那些把我们支来支去(爱发号施令)的公务员◇7Practical practicablePractical concerned with practice and action rather than theory eg. practical experience, skills 实践经验﹑实际技能Practicable (of an idea, a plan or a suggestion) able to be done eg.a practicable scheme, solution, suggestion, etc 切实可行的计画﹑解决办法﹑建议等◇8Respectable respective respectfulRespectable considered by society to be acceptable, good or correct eg. a respectable married couple 一对值得尊敬的夫妻respective of or for or belonging to each as an individual eg. After the party we all went off to our respective rooms. 聚会之後我们回到各自的房间respectful feeling or showing respect eg. listen in respectful silence 必恭必敬地静听着◇9successful successivesuccessful achieving your aims or what was intended eg. a successful businesswoman,career, plan 获得成功的女商人﹑事业﹑计划successive following immediately one after the other eg. The school has won five successive games. 该校已连胜五场比赛.◇10Sensitive sensible sensationalSensitive easily hurt or damaged eg. A sensitive nerve in a tooth can cause great pain. 牙神经易受损伤, 可产生巨痛Sensible able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion eg. It was sensible of you to lock the door. 你把门锁上了, 做得对.Sensational causing great surprise, excitement, or interest eg. a sensational crime, victory, etc 骇人听闻的罪案﹑轰轰烈烈的胜利.◇11Intense intensiveIntense very great; very strong; extreme eg. intense heat, pain, etc 酷热﹑剧痛.Intensive concentrating all one's effort on a specific area eg. They teach you English in an intensive course lasting just a week; it's quite an intensive few days! 他们用一周时间教速成英语课程, 那几天可真紧张! ◇12Intelligent intelligible intellectualIntelligent good at learning, understanding and thinking in a logical way about things; showing this ability eg. an intelligent child 聪明的孩子Intelligible that can be easily understood eg. intelligible speech 明白易懂的讲话Intellectual of the intellect 智力的; 理智的eg. the intellectual faculties 智能intellectual interests, pursuits, etc 需用脑力的爱好﹑研究等◇13contemptible contemptuousContemptible not deserving any respect at all eg. contemptible cowardice 可鄙的胆怯Contemptuous feeling or showing that you have no respect for sb/sth eg. a contemptuous person, attitude, remark 傲慢的人﹑态度﹑言语等◇14Alternative alternateAlternative that can be used instead of sth else eg. The alternative book to study for the examination is `War and Peace'. 可供应考选读的另一本书是《战争与和平》Alternate happening or following one after the other regularly eg. on alternate days, eg on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, etc 每隔一日(如星期一﹑三﹑五等). alternate triumph and despair 交替而来的得意与失意. ◇15Politic politicalPolitic well judged; prudent (指行为)得当的, 审慎的eg. When the fight began, he thought it politic to leave. 刚一打起来他就想到还是走为上策.Political connected with the different groups working in politics eg. a political party, debate, crisis 政党﹑政治论战﹑政治危机◇16Potent potentialPotent (of drugs, etc) having a strong effect eg. a potent charm,cure, medicine 很有效的符咒﹑治疗法﹑药物Potential that can develop into sth or be developed in the future eg. The book is arguably a potential best seller. 该书或可成为一部畅销书◇17confident confidentialConfident feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful eg. a confident smile, manner, speech 显示信心的微笑﹑态度﹑讲话等confidential meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people eg. confidential information, files, letters 机密情报﹑文件﹑信件◇18negligent negligiblenegligent not giving proper attention or care to sth; careless eg. He was negligent of his duties. 他玩忽职守negligible of very little importance or size and not worth considering eg. a negligible amount, error, effect 微不足道的数量﹑错误﹑作用◇19momentary momentousmomentary lasting for a very short time eg. a momentary pause, interruption, success 暂短的停顿﹑中断﹑成功Momentous very important; serious eg. a momentous decision, occasion, event 重要的决定﹑场合﹑事件◇20distinct distinctiveDistinct easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite清楚的eg. The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足迹清晰易辨, 一定是不久前留下来的.distinctive that distinguishes sth by making it different from others 特别的; 有特色的eg. a distinctive appearance, style, smell 特殊的外表﹑风格﹑气味◇21disinterested uninterestedDisinterested not influenced by personal feelings or interests; unbiased 无个人利害关系的; 公正无私的; eg. My advice is quite disinterested. 我的建议是正直无偏的Uninterested having or showing no interest or concern; indifferent eg. He was totally uninterested in sport◇22earthly earthyearthly of this world; not spiritual 现世的; 尘世的eg. earthly joys, possessions 尘世的享乐﹑财产.Earthy of or like earth or soil泥土的; 像泥土的; eg. earthy colours / smells◇23exceptionable exceptionalExceptionable that sb can object to 可反对的eg. There are no exceptionable scenes in the play. 这出剧中没有能引起争议的情节.Exceptional unusually good ;very unusual eg. show exceptional musical ability 表现出非凡的音乐才能.◇24fatal fatefulfatal causing or ending in death致命的eg. a fatal accident 致命的Fateful important and decisive eg. fateful events, moments 决定性的事件﹑时刻◇25fleshly fleshyfleshly of the body; sensual or sexual eg. fleshly lusts 肉慾Fleshy of or like flesh; rather plump eg. a fleshy body 肥胖的身体◇26ingenious ingenuousIngenious (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems (指人)善於用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的; 心灵手巧的eg. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very ingenious! 那麽说是你把金属线穿过那个小孔的了, 真灵巧!(of a thing)original in design and well suited to its purpose (指物件)设计独特而精巧的eg. an ingenious device, gadget, etc 精巧的装置﹑小机械等.Ingenuous honest, innocent and willing to trust people eg. an ingenuous smile纯真的微笑◇27mysterious mysticalmysterious full of mystery; hard to understand or explain eg. a mysterious event, crime, etc 神秘的事件﹑罪行等Mystical having spiritual powers or qualities that are difficult to understand or to explain奥妙的causing feelings of awe and wonder 引起敬畏和惊奇的eg. For me, standing before the temple door as the sun rose was a mystical experience. 旭日东升, 我站在神殿门前, 体验到油然而生的敬畏之情.◇28spiritual spirituousSpiritual connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical things eg. concerned about sb's spiritual welfare 关心某人精神上的幸福Spirituous(of a drink) containing much alcohol eg. spirituous liquors, ie those that are distilled and not only fermented 烈性酒.◇29tortuous torturousTortuous not simple and direct; long, complicated and difficult to understand eg. followed a tortuous road down the mountainside 顺着蜿蜒的路下山Torturous causing sb severe pain in order to punish them or make them say or do sth◇30elementary elementalelementary in or connected with the first stages of a course of study eg. an elementary class 初级班Elemental wild and powerful; like the forces of nature eg. the elemental fury of the storm 暴风雨的肆虐◇31temporal temporaryTemporal connected with the real physical world, not spiritual matters eg. the temporal power of the Pope, ie as head of the Vatican State 教皇在世俗方面的权力temporary lasting or intended to last only for a short time; not permanent eg. temporaryemployment 临时工作。
中考英语语法复习形容词、副词
形容词、副词形容词考点一:同类形容词词义辨析同类形容词词义辨析主要在完形填空题型中考查,偶尔会在单项填空题型中考查。
主要涉及人物描述类和物品描述类。
考生在做此类试题时,首先应读懂句意,抓住题干中的关键信息,并分析各选项表达的意思,结合日常生活的常识及语境即可选出正确答案。
考点二:词义相对类形容词辨析词义相对类形容词辨析主要在完形填空题型中考查,偶尔会在单项填空题型中考查。
此类考点的试题,选项的设置中一般有两对词义相对类形容词。
常根据语境选择最佳答案。
考点三:同根词词义辨析同根词词义辨析在完形填空题型中有考查。
此类考点的试题,选项设置一般是同一个词根,通过给词根加前/后缀转换成不同的词。
考生在做此类试题时,可以先分析句子结构,然后确定空处所作的成分,再根据各个词性在句子中所作的成分来选择出正确答案。
考点四:形容词短语辨析英语有很多形容词短语,常见的有:(1) 与about搭配be worried about 对……担忧be crazy about 对……着迷be sure about 对……有把握be sorry about 对……感到遗憾be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格be careful about 对……小心翼翼be curious about 对……好奇be anxious about 对……感到焦虑(2) 与at搭配be amused at 以……为乐be annoyed at 对……恼怒be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be angry at 对……生气be good at 在……方面擅长(3) 与for搭配be famous for 因……而著名get ready for 为……做好准备be sorry for 为……感到抱歉be fit/unfit for 适合/不适合be good for 对……有好处be bad for 对……有坏处be suitable for 适合…… be thirsty for 渴望(4) 与in搭配be interested in 对……感兴趣be weak in 在……方面薄弱be different in 在……方面不同be rich in 富于,盛产be successful in 在……方面成功(5) 与of搭配be proud of 为……感到自豪be afraid of 害怕……be full of 充满……be tired of 对……厌倦(6) 与with搭配be angry with... 生……的气be busy with... 忙于……be filled with... 充满……be patient with... 对……有耐心be popular with... 受……欢迎be careful with 小心be satisfied with... 对……感到满意be pleased with 对……感到满意be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格(7) 与to搭配be close to 接近,靠近be good to 对……好be kind to 对……和蔼be rude to 对……粗鲁be polite to 对……礼貌be useful to 对……有用be related to 与……有关be similar to 与……相似-ing形容词常修饰物-ed形容词常修饰人例句surprising 令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the news.interesting 有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news?We are excited about the traveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/满意的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with us.frightening 令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by her deeply.tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的It’s a long tiring day.I’m too tired.fascinating 迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.副词以ly结尾的副词辨析➢副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,句中作状语、表语、宾补等。
同根异义形容词
同根异义形容词Additional (附加的、另外的) additives (附加的、添加的、附加剂); affective (情感的,与情感有关的) affectionate (慈爱的,充满爱意的);comparable (可比较的、比较的) comparative (比较级的、比较的);comprehensive (综合的) comprehensible (可以理解的); conceivable (可能的、想象得到的) conceptive (概念上的,有想象的);considerable(大量的、可观的) considerate (体贴的、善解人意的); continual (持续的,反复发生的) continuous (连续的、持续不断的); deceivable (可骗的) deceptive (欺骗性的、容易使人上当的); decided (坚定的、果断的) decisive (决定性的、确定的); definite (肯定的,明确的,限定的) definitive (权威性的,确定的); democratic (民主的) demographic (人口学的) destructive (破坏性的,具有毁灭性的)destructible (可摧毁的,可破坏的); disinterested (无偏见的、无私欲的) uninterested (不感兴趣的);distinct (清楚的、明显的) distinctive (独特的、与众不同的);distinguished (著名的、闻名的) distinguishable (可以区分的);economic (经济学的) economical (节俭的、经济的); educational (教育的、与教育学有关的) educative (有教育意义的);electrical (电学的) electronic (电子学的) electric(以电为动力的); exhaustive (详细的,详尽的) exhaustible (可耗尽的,会枯竭的); explicit (讲述的,清除明白的); implicit (暗示的,含蓄的,盲从的)extinct (灭绝的,绝种的) extinctive (趋于灭绝的,使灭绝的);; farther (更远的)further (进一步的); favorable(有利的) favorite (喜爱的,钟爱的) favored (被优惠的,最优惠的); gracious (亲切的,高尚的) graceful (优美的) ; handy (手边的、就近的) handful (一把,少数);healthy (健康的) healthful (有益健康的); historic (历史性的、有历史意义的)historical (历史学的、历史上的); heterogeneous (不同种类的,异类的) homogeneous (同种类的、同类的);heterosexual (异性恋的) homosexual(同性恋的);honorable (尊敬的、可敬的、光荣的) honorary (荣誉的、名誉的) ; imaginative (想象力丰富的、富于想象力的) imaginable(可以想象的、值得想象的) imaginary (想象中的,想象出来的); incredible(令人难以置信的)incredulous(怀疑的,不轻信的);industrial (工业的,产业的) industrious (勤劳的,勤奋的); informed (见多识广的,消息灵通的)informative(信息饱满的,增进知识的);instructional (教育的,指导的) instructive (有教育意义的); intelligent (明智的、聪明的) intelligible (可以理解,可以读懂的); lawless (不受法律的、法律不及的)unlawful (不合法的,非法的) ; lovable (值得爱的、可爱的) lovely (可爱的、活泼的); numerical (数字的、用数字表示的) numerous (大量的、众多的、无数的); populated (有人居住地) populous (人口密集的); respective (分别的、各自的) respectful (尊敬的、敬重的) respectable (值得尊敬的、可敬的); responsible(负责人的、责任心强的) responsive (踊跃的、活跃的); satisfactory (满意的) satisfying (令人满意的) satisfied (满意的); sensible (理智的) sensitive (敏感的、灵敏的); successive (连续的、继承的) successful (成功的) ; tolerant (有忍耐力的) tolerable (可以容忍的) valuable (值钱的、珍贵的)valueless (不值钱的、无价值的) invaluable (无价的、弥足珍贵的)。
同根名词与形容词作定语的区别
同根名词与形容词作定语的区别1.在通常情况下,如果没有相应的派生形容词,原则上可直接用名词作定语,或与之构成合成词。
如:hair style 发式 tooth ache 牙疼service counter 服务台 dog food 狗食bank account 银行户头 car park 停车场blood pressure 血压 birth control 生育控制table tennis 乒乓球 labour force 劳动力road works 道路工程 winter sports 冬季运动2.如果名词有相应的派生形容词,则要注意分清两者在意义上的区别。
试比较:(1) horror films 恐怖影片horrible films 令人感到恐怖的影片(2) a wonder book 一部充满奇事的书a wonderful book 一部奇妙的书(3) a stone path 一条石板路a stony path 一条铺满碎石的路(4) education experts 教育专家(从事教育工作的专家)educational films 教育影片(具有教育意义的影片)(5) gold reserve黄金储备golden sunshine金色的阳光(6) silver coins银币silvery hair银白的头发(7) heart trouble心脏病a hearty welcome热情的欢迎(8) snow mountain雪山snowy table-cloth雪白的桌布(9) rain drops雨滴rainy season雨季(指多雨的季节)(10) rose garden玫瑰园rosy checks红红的面颊(11)colour film彩色电影colourful costumes色彩鲜艳的服装(12) mountain village山村(山里的村庄)mountainous region山区(多山地区)3.有时在汉语看来,似乎要用形容词作定语,但英语习惯上却要用名词作定语。
英语同源形容词的区别介绍
英语同源形容词的区别介绍英语同源形容词的区别介绍在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式,它们词形相近,但词义不同,容易用错,下面小编对这类形容词做一总结。
1)historic: famous in history, 历史上著名的associated with past times 与过去时代有关的a ~ event/speech/spothistorical: belong to history 历史上的a ~ people/novel/play/film/painting~ trend2) electric: worked by, changed with, producing electricity 用电的,带电的, 有电的~ current/cableelectrical: relating to electricity, an idea of a less close connection with electricity~ engineering/apparatus3) economic: of economics~ policy/geography/crisis/cropseconomical: careful in the spending of money and time, not waste 经济的,节俭的an ~ housewife/store4) industrial: of industries 工业的the ~ revolution/products/systemindustrious: hard-working, diligent~ people5) considerable: great much 相当多(大)的a ~ income/distanceconsiderate: thoughtful 体谅的,体贴的周到的She is ~ to others.6) sensible: reasonable, having good sense 实用的,明知的a ~ woman/idea/ 豁达的妇女/明知的观点~ clothes 实用的衣服sensitive: quick to receive impression 敏感的a ~ skin~ paper 感光纸7) continual: going on all the time without stopping or with only short breaks, stop and go repeatedly, 连续的,断断续续的~ rain/noisecontinuous: going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow 连续不断的~ fight/work8) intense: high in degree 强烈的,剧烈的,高度的~ heat炽热/painan ~ lady 热情的女子intensive: deep and thorough 精深的,集中的~ reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业9) respectable: deserving respect, 值得尊敬的,有名望的a ~ man/professionrespectful: showing respect 尊敬人的,有礼貌的,He is always ~to the elders.respective: belongs to each of these 分别的,各自的They sat on their ~ chairs.10) imaginable: that can be imagined 可象想的~ difficultiesimaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的,不真实的~ figureimaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的,运用想象力的a ~ writer11) intelligent: having, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的, 聪明的an ~ looking girl ~ answerintelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. 易了解的, 易领悟的an ~ speech/explanationintellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的, 智力的12) contemptible: deserving contempt 可卑的a ~ liecontemptuous: showing contempt 表示轻视的a ~ look13) credible: that can be believed 可信的,可靠的a ~ witnesscredulous: too ready to believe things. 轻易相信的,易上当的He always cheats ~ people.creditable: that brings credit. 可称赞的a ~ record/deed/effort14) alternate: changing by turns 轮流的,交替的alternative: giving a choice between two things 选择的,两者选一的15) comparable 可比较的,有类似之处的comparative 比较而言的,相当的There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.He lived in comparative comfort recently.16) politic 精明的political 政治的17) beneficial 有益的beneficent 多多行善的18) official 官方的officious 多管闲事的19) potent 强有力的potential 潜在的,可能的20) confident 有信心的,自信的confidential 机密的21) negligent 忽视的,粗心大意的negligible 可忽视的22) momentary 瞬时的,短时的momentous 重大的23) memorable 值得记忆的,不能忘却的memorial 纪念的24) social 社会的sociable 善社交的25) childish 幼稚的childlike 孩子般的26) distinct: clear 明显的,清晰的' distinctive: characteristic 独特的,有区别的27) classic 一流的classical 古典的28) comprehensible 可理解的comprehensive 全面的,综合的29) disinterested 公平的uninterested 冷淡的30) earthly 人间的,尘世的earthy 泥土似的31) effective 有效的efficient 有效率的effectual 奏效的32) exceptionable 反对的exceptional 非凡的33) fatal 致命的fateful 决定性的34) fleshly 肉体的fleshy 肥胖的35) homely 家常的homelike 象家的36) impractical 不切合实际的impracticable 无法使用的37) ingenious 有独创性的ingenuous 直率的,天真的38) manly 男人气派的male 男的masculine 男性的39) movable 可移动的,变动的mobile 可动的,活动地40) mysterious 神秘的mystical 奥妙的41) notable 著名的(指事)noted 著名的(指人)42) Practical 实际的practicable 可行的,通行的43) regretful 遗憾的 seasonable 及时的seasonal 季节的45) spiritual 精神的spirituous 酒精的46) tortuous 弯曲的torturous 受刑的47) transitory 短时间的 (指事) transient 瞬时的 (指人)48) elementary 基本的elemental 自然的49) healthy 健康的healthful 有易于健康的50) likely 可能的likable 可爱的51) desirable 合意的desirous 渴望的52)clean 干净的cleanly 有干净习惯的 Are cats cleanly animals?53) kind 慈善地kindly 友好的,亲切的54) temporal 一时的, 暂时的, 世俗的temporary 暂时的, 临时的。
四级常见同根词义辨析
primary 首要的,初级的,基本的 初级的, 初级的
in the primary stage of development
principle/ principal premier 总理,首相, 首要的
Sens,sent=to feel 感觉
sensible 明智的 sensitive 敏感的,灵敏的,神经过敏的
prim,prin,prem=first 首先,首要 首先,
prime 首要的,主要的;青春,全盛时期
His prime motive is personal ambition. He is in the prime of his career.
primitive 原始的 ,早期的 ,简单的
They built a primitive shelter out of tree trunks.
四级常见同根词义辨析
cid, cis=fall 落下
• incident 附带事件,小事件,事变 • accident 事故 • casual 偶然的,随意的 • occasional 偶尔的,间或发生的
Fac,fic,fect=do
• • • • • affect 影响 vt. effect 效果,效应 effective 有效的 efficient 高效的 sufficient 足够的,充足的 proficient 熟练的
Speci -种,类 种
species 种,类 the origin of species specialist 专家 specialty 特产,专长 Hami melon specialize 专门研究 be specialized in specific 特定的, 明确的,具体的
specific environment , specific reply particular 特别的,特定的
常用的同根异义词辨析 (排版整齐)
1 character, characteristiccharacter:“品质,本性,品德”,做不可数名词characteristic:“特征,个性”,可数名词e.g. All these are characteristics of imperialism.That is the Swiss national character.2 compare, comparable, comparativecompare: 比较,对比comparable:”可比较的,适合相比的”常与to连用comparative:比较的,相对的e.g. This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.If you compare their work, you will find his is much better.3 comprehend, comprehensive, comprehensivecomprehend: 领会,理解comprehensive:全面的,综合的comprehensible:“可以理解的”常与to连用e.g. It is not comprehensible to ordinary minds.She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.I can’t comprehend how you could have been so stupid.4 concern, concerned, concerningconcern: 作为动词“涉及,有关,关心,担心”concerned:形容词,作前置定语“关切的”,作后置定语“有关的”concerning : 介词,等同于regarding, consideringe.g. The speech which he made concerning the project has bothered me greatly.Our losses are beginning to concern me.5 confide, confidence, confidentconfide: “吐露”,与介词in连用, 意思“充分信赖”confidence:信任,信心confident:确信的,有信心的,自信的词组搭配:in confidence: 私下地,秘密地take into one’s confidence: 把…作为知己e.g. We need a chairman in whom everyone has confidence.There is no one here I can confide in.6 continue, continual, continuouscontinue: 继续continual :“不停的, 频频的”,强调重复或持续发生,但中间有间断continuous: “连续不断的”,所表示的连续暗含中间绝对没有间断e.g. Our journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different village.Wet weather may continue for a few more days.7 consider, considerable, considerate, consideration , concerningconsider:考虑,把……当作……considerable :相当大的,相当多的considerate: “体贴的,体谅的”等同于thoughtfulbe considerate of :为……着想, 考虑到consideration:名词,“考虑, 深思, 体谅”take into consideration : 考虑到, 顾及considering :介词,“鉴于”e.g. These books were very dear to him and he bought them at considerable expense whenhe was studying abroad.8 differ, different, differentialdiffer: 不同,不一样different:“差异的,不同的”,短语为“be different from”differential :有区别的,鉴别性的e.g. They pay differential rents according to their income.The brothers differ widely in their tastes.9 distinct, distinctivedistinct:指人表示思想,概念清楚明白;指物表示容易让人看到或感受到distinctive :指有特色的,特殊的e.g. He could not give a distinct explanation of his intention.Soldiers wear distinctive uniforms.10 distinguish, distinguished, distinguishabledistinguish: 区别,辨别distinguished:著名的杰出的卓越的distinguishable:看得清楚的区分得开的e.g. I think gray hair makes you look rather distinguished.Tom is hardly distinguishable from his twin brother.Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals.11 economy, economic, economical, economicseconomy: 经济,节约,节省economic:经济的经济上的economical:指“节约的,节俭的”,多指费用或开支上的节省,常做表语或定语,当表节省的具体内容时,其后用of 连接。
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英语常见同根形容词辨析李金平同根形容词(conjugate adjectives)是指词根(root)相同的形容词。
同根形容词的形成主要有两个原因:一是词根一词多义,不同词义衍生出不同含义的形容词;二是词根含义相同,但是添加的词缀不同而形成不同含义的形容词。
同根形容词在拼写和意义上比较相近,因而很多学生对它们认识不清,难以分辨彼此,影响正常的表达。
本文列举了90组常见的同根形容词并举例说明其不同的用法,希望对英语学习者有所裨益。
1. advisable 可取的,适当的,明智的advisory 顾问的,咨询的;劝告的,供咨询的e.g. It is advisable that you leave now. 你最好现在走。
Advisory Center for Education (英国)教育咨询中心Our report is only advisory because we have no power to act. 我们的报告只是提供意见,因为我们无权行动。
2. alike 相同的,相象的(只作表语,前面不可加very,可加much或者very much)like 相同的,相象的(用作表语和定语,前面可加very)likely 很可能的(用作表语和定语)e.g. England and America are alike/like in many ways. 英美两国在许多方面相象。
The two brothers are much alike/very like. 这兄弟俩非常相象。
Like thinking produces like ideas. 相同的思想产生相同的看法。
It seems likely that they’re out. 他们很可能外出了。
This is a likely plan. 这是一项有可能成功的计划。
3. alive 活的,活着的(只作表语)live活的,活着的(只作定语)living 活的,活着的(既可作表语,又可作定语)lively生动的,栩栩如生的;充满生气的;活泼的,轻快的(既可作表语,又可作定语)e.g. Some of the plants are dead, but most of them are still alive/living. 这些植物有些已经死了,可是大多数还活着。
all living things 一切生物The cat was playing with a live mouse. 那只猫正在玩一只活老鼠。
a lively description 生动的描述The patient seems a little livelier this morning. 那病人今天早晨好象精神些了。
He was listening to some very lively dance music. 他正在听非常轻快的舞曲。
4. alone 单独的(作表语)lone 单独的,独自的(作定语,指客观状态)lonely 寂寞的,孤独的(指主观感觉);单独的,独自的(作定语,指客观状态,等同于lone);偏远的,人迹罕至的(作定语,指地方)lonesome寂寞的,孤独的(指主观感觉,等同于lonely);令人感到孤独的e.g. I didn’t feel lonely though I was alone in the room. 虽然我独自在房间里,但是并不感到孤独。
a lone/lonely rider 独行骑士Antarctica is the loneliest place on the earth. 南极是地球上最偏远的地方。
She’s a bit lonesome and far from home. 她有些寂寞,又远离家园。
a lonesome place令人感到孤独的地方5. appreciable 可察觉的,看得出来的appreciative 感激的,感谢的;表示赞赏的e.g. The increase in salary will be appreciable. 这次工资增长将很可观。
They are deeply appreciative of your help. 他们对你的帮助深为感激。
His appreciative words pleased them all. 他的赞美之辞令他们都很高兴。
6. asleep 睡着的(作表语)sleepy 睏的,欲睡的e.g. Don’t wake her up --- she’s fast/sound asleep. 别吵醒她---她睡得很熟/很香。
That beer made me quite sleepy. 我喝了那啤酒后昏昏欲睡。
7. audible 听得见的auditory 听觉的e.g. The speaker was scarcely audible. 演讲者的声音几乎听不见。
She had auditory difficulties for which an ear operation was necessary. 她有听觉障碍,必须动耳部手术。
8. childish (指人举止)幼稚的,孩子气的(贬义)childlike 天真的,孩子般的(中性或褒义)e.g. Don’t be so childish; you’re 18 now, and should behave like a grown man. 不要这样幼稚,你已经18岁了,举止应该像个成年人。
She followed him with childlike trust. 她像小孩子那样天真的信任他。
9. circular 圆形的,环形的circulatory (指血液、空气等)循环的e.g. The house looks circular, but it isn’t a complete circle. 这房子看上去是圆形的,但并不是正圆。
the heart and the circulatory system 心脏与血液循环系统10. classic 最优秀的,第一流的,经典的;简朴而典雅的(等同于classical)classical 古典的,古典派的;简朴而典雅的(等同于classic)e.g. This is a really classic French champagne. 这确实是上乘的法国香槟。
the classical music of China 中国的古典音乐She wore a dress of classical/classic simplicity. 她身穿一件简朴典雅的连衣裙。
11. coherent 连贯的,条理清楚的cohesive 粘合的,凝聚的e.g. Writing should be coherent. 写作应该条理清楚。
cohesive forces in society 社会凝聚力12. colored 有色的;有……色的colorful 色彩丰富的,鲜艳的e.g. colored races 有色人种She wore a cream-colored dress. 她穿了一件米色衣服。
She saw a bird with colorful wings. 她看见一只翅膀色彩艳丽的鸟。
13. commendable 值得表扬的,值得称赞的commendatory 表扬的,称赞的e.g. commendable efforts to save the environment 值得表扬的为拯救环境所做的努力a commendatory letter 表扬信14. comparable 比得上的,可与相比的comparative相当的,比较而言的;比较的e.g. Nothing is comparable to her beauty. 她的美无与伦比。
In a poor country, owing a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth. 在贫穷的国家,有辆自行车就算是比较富裕的象征了。
They made a comparative study of the two kinds of plants. 他们对这两种植物作了比较研究。
15. comprehensible 能理解的,可以领会的comprehensive 综合的,全面的e.g. One often finds a writer’s books more comprehensible if one knows about hislife and the time when he was alive. 如果知道作者的生平及其所处的时代,往往就比较容易理解他写的书。
The government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for industrial development. 政府就工业发展计划作了全面的解释。
16. compulsive 不加节制的,难以抑制的,上瘾的compulsory 必须要做的;强制的;义务的e.g. Compulsive smoking is bad for one’s health. 不加节制的吸烟有害健康。
He is a compulsive liar. 他说谎成瘾。
Which subjects are compulsory in your department? 你们系那些是必修科目?You must go; it’s compulsory and you’ll be fined if you don’t. 你必须去,这是强制性的;如果不去,就要罚款。
compulsory education 义务教育17. confident 有信心的,自信的confidential 机密的,秘密的e.g. He spoke in a confident voice. 他说话的声音很自信。
This information is confidential. 这是机密情报。
18. consequent 由于……结果而引起的(常与on/upon搭配)consequential 随之发生的(尤指间接发生的);重大的,重要的e.g. His success was consequent on/upon his hard work. 他的成功来自勤奋。
She was injured and suffered a consequential loss of earnings. 她受了伤因而收入受损。
a consequential decision 重大决定19. considerable 相当多的,相当大的considerate 考虑周到的,体贴的e.g. His father left him a considerable amount of money. 他的父亲留给他一笔相当可观的钱。