中国地质大学北京2000年考博英语试题

CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCE PhD EntranceExamination in English20 April 2000Listen To This!Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary（简单、容易）writing skills（技能、能力）and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason(合理的、理智的), of course.The test has five sections, worth a total of 130 points in all; the answers in part 5, the reading test, are worth three points each.The answers for parts 1,2,3, and 5(in others words, every part except 4) should be marked on your answer sheet. The answers for part 4 should be written directly on this test paper.Make sure you READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS for each part of the test!The results of this exam will enable us to compare(比较、对照) your preparation(预备、准备) in English with enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates(候选人、应试者). The “passing” grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on(依靠、指望、依…而定) the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax(精神上放松) and do as well as you can.We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!PART 1. On your paper you see a list of 60 objects (=things) from everyday life. Sometimes you will hear a short description of one of these objects; at other times you will hear a question, decide which object is the answer to the question. Then write the number found next to your choice in the appropriate space on your answer sheet.For example, suppose you hear this: “Object P is device for cleaning clothes. You fill it with water, add first soap and then the dirty clothes, and turn the control dial. The clothes will be swirled round and round in the soapy water, first in one direction, then in the other. Usually there is also a compartment that you can use to spin the excess water out of the wet clothes.” You decide that object P must be a washing machine, so you look for WASHING MACHINE on your list. You see that the number next to WASHING MACHINE is 59. You then write “59” next to P on your answer sheet. (Your actual answer sheet only goes as for as the letter O).In some cases(情况、状况)you will hear a simple question:” When you wear clothes, sooner or later they get dirty. If your clothes are dirty, what machine do you use to clear them?”Again, you decide that the answer is WASHING MACHINE and you therefore write 59 in the space next to P on your answer sheet.Please note(记下、摘录下) that in this part of the test you may use an answer more than once. In theory, you could hear both a description(描述、形容)of an object and, elsewhere, a question requiring that same object as the answer. Of course, you would give the same answer in both cases.You will now have three minutes to look over the list of objects. [A SILENT PAUSE] All right, now let’s begin! [15 points]+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + +1.AIR CONDITIONER 21.FORK 41.REFRIGERATOR2.ALARM CLOCK 22.FUNNEL 42.SCISSORS剪子3.ARMCHAIR 23.GUITAR 43.SCREWDRIVER4.BED 24.HAMMER 44.SLIDE PROJECTOR5.BICYCLE 25.KNIFE 45.SOFA6.BRUSH MP 46.SPOON7.CAMERA 照相机27.LIGHTBULB 电灯泡47.STOVE炉子8.CANDLE 蜡烛28.MIRROR 48.TABLE LAMP9.CAR 29.MOP 拖把49.TAPE RECORDER10.CARPET 地毯30.MOTORCYCLE 50.TELEPHONE11.CD PLAYER 31.PAGER寻呼机51.TELEVISION12.CHOPSTICKS筷子32.PENCIL 52.THERMOMETER13.CLEA VER 33.PERSONALCOMPUTER53. THERMOS BOTTLEB 34.PHOTOCOGREAPH 54.TYPE WRITER15.DESK 35.PHOTOCOPIER 55.TYPEWRITER打字机16.DOORKNOB 门把手36.PIANO 56.V ACUUM CLEANER17.ELECTRIC FAN电扇37.PLIERS 57.VCR18.FAX MACHINE 38.RADIATOR暖气58.VIOLIN小提琴19.FIRE ECTINGUISHER 39.RADIO收音机59.WASHING MACHINE20.FLASHLIGHT手电筒40.RAZOR剃刀60.WRISTWATCH手表PART2. In each of the 10 sentences below there is an underlined words (or words). Decide which of the words in the list at the bottom底、最后of the page can be used to replace the underlined words without changing the meaning of the sentence. The underlined words and the words that you choose must be synonyms. In each case, write the number found next to the synonym in the appropriate(适当的、恰当的) blank on your answer sheet.A.My guess is that two sets of data will turn out to be quite different.B.Have you noticed that all these objects are exactly alike?C.The first phase(阶段、方面)of the project will be complete in two weeks.D.This corporation(公司) is famous for its cutting-edge computer hardware.E.There’s been a drastic(严厉的、激烈的)reduction in the cost of air travel insideEurope since 1995.F.When will the ministry name提名the new director of the institute(学院、学会)?G.They had to travel by train. There was no alternative(抉择、供选择的东西). 47.otherchoiceH.It’s his job to okay(批准、同意) money for new construction(建筑、结构)projects.I.I doubt(怀疑、拿不准)that the committee (委员会)will reach a decision决定this week. J.Several well-known professors came to hear her explain her research findings. The five sentences below also contain underlined words. Find the words in the list at the bottom of the page that mean the opposite (反义词)of these underlined words. Again, write the found next to each item you choose in the appropriate space on your answer sheet.K.The roads in this area are hazardous in winter, but not at other times of year.L.The loan(贷款) from the World Bank will help us to transform(改观、改革) the local environment(自然环境).M.The organizing committee has agreed to shorten the time allotted for each presentation. 29.extend延伸延长N.Professor Philips seldom has difficulty in finding support for his research.O.These soil (泥土、土壤)samples are free of(免…的、无…的) radioactive material.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + POSSIBLE SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS (=OPPOSITES)1.a couple of 21.demonstration 41.monitor2.a number of 22.design 42.never3.abound 23.designate 43.not many4.abundant 24.deteriorate 44.obtain5.advancing提高上涨25.dividing 45.odd6.alter改变变更26.don’t believe 46.optional7.another choice 27.expand扩大扩展47.other choice8.aspect 28.extand 48.perilous9.authorize 29.extend延伸延长49.preserve10.be manufactured 30.extremely advanced极端高级50.prove11.blocked 31.few 51.rarely12.calibrate 32.filter 过滤52.safe13.call 33.frequently经常地53.shift14.collaborate 34.identical 54.similarpatible 35.imply 55.stage16.constitute 36.improve 56.striking17.contain 37.knife-like 57.suspect18.core 38.let 58.suspicion19.dangerous 39.longer 59.unprecedented20.decimal 40.modify 60.versatilePART 3. Each question in this part consists of one more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C or D. Decide which one of four parts is not good English. Then write the letter found under that part in the proper space on your answer sheet.If the four underlined parts are all good English and there is no error in the sentence, then write E in the space on your answer sheet. REMEMBER! You always have FIVE possible choices: A, B, C, D or E (=error).1.I have ever traveled abroad. The trips was in 1998, when I attended a three-A ever用否定句B Cday conference in Bangkok.D2.There is a friend of John’s who seems to know everything about trees. He canA B Ctell you the species and the approximate age of most of trees that he encounters.D of the trees3.I wish to make an important announce: the airport bus will leave from theA B announcemant Cfront of the conference center at five o’clock sharp.D4.As everybody in our part of town knows, my neighbor is a honest man. HeA B annever tells lies, no matter what the situation happens to be.C D5.I’m not doing any teaching this semester. Last semester, on the other hand, IA Bteached two courses, one for undergraduates and the other for graduateC taught Dstudents.6.I told my parents how much I wanted to go to the concert, but they let me stayA Bhome anyway. I was angry for days afterward. at homeC D7.Are you willing to help us find a new source of finance support? You neverA Bseem to have any difficulty in getting money for research. EC D8.Call me as soon as you back to Beijing. I want to know what you find out onA are back Byour trip as soon as possible. The information may well help me in making myC Down plans.9.At present目前my associates同事and I are conducting a survey of groundwaterA Bpollution in the Tianjin area and a few adjacent counties for Ministry of LandC the Dand Resources.10.When the traffic is as heavy as it is today, a car is no quicker than a bike,A B notespecially for short trips in crowded neighborhoods like the one near ourC Dlaboratory.11.The investigative part of our project will be concluded after three days. ThenA B inwe shall begin to analyse the results and write them up for publication.C D12.Why did they put so many furniture s in such a small room? It’s so crowdedA不可数 Bhere that the clerks can hardly move, and the arrangement doesn’t make a veryC Dgood impression on clients.13.Professor Milliken, one of the world’s leading experts on the evolution ofAinsects, is scheduled to come to Beijing in July. After he stays here for a fewBdays, I am to accompany him on a tour of Yunnan.C am about to D14.Do you have any idea who took the papers were lying on this table? I left themA B 去were Chere about 20 minutes ago and now they’ve gone.D15.My wife is much happier since we got our own flat. We have much more roomA 完成时态B一套房间 Cnow , and she very likes the location not far from the office where she works.D16.Give me a telephone when you get home,would you? Otherwise I’ll wonderA B Cwhether you’ve arrived safely or not. Telephone(call)D17.I don’t think of John as a fancy dresser—he almost always wears very plainAclothes—so when he walked in wearing an expensive and very stylish ItalianBsuit, I was quite surpris ing. As a matter of fact,I did n’t recognize him at first.C surpris ing(ed) D18.It’s not always easy to tell what John is thinking. For instance, yesterday IAknow he was quite upset with（by）Anne, yet he smiled very friendly while he wasB Ctalking to her. I’m sure she had no idea how felt at the time.D19.If you didn’t help me, I would have been in serious trouble last month. IA Bcertainly don’t think I could have met the deadline for that big project I wasCworking on. Failure to meet it would probably have cost me my job.D20.As soon as the new student stepped into the classroom, I knew that I met himA Bsomewhere before, but I couldn’t recall the details. Later I remembered meetingChim at a friend’s birthday party in March.DPARTS 5 The sentences below contain one or more blanks. In each blank you must write ONE appropriate word. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Put one and only one word in each blank. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer is automatically wrong. Putting nothing in a blank also counts as an error. [50 points]+ + + + + + ++ + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + 1. The man sitting next to me on the plane was tense(nervous) because he had neverflown before. I told him not to worry.2. Who wrote this letter? I can’t read the signature at the bottom.3. The phone is ringing. It must_be John. If it’s not John, then it’s possibleMargaret.4.. You’d better hurry up or you’ll miss the bus!5. I can’t get to sleep. My neighbors are making too much noise.6. The thermometer温度计is an instrument工具for taking temperature.7. My brother had to take the national university entrance exam three times beforehe was afraid to say. Now he is happily passed after the third time, I asked him how he had_done on the test, but he was afraid to say. Now he is happily studying (majoring )chemistry at a university in Changchun.8. We look forward to meeting Mary again. It has been four years since (the) her lastvisit.9. A weather forecast is only approximate,including(despite)all complex predictions.10.__Distence(Like) Shanghai, Chongqing is thousands of kilometers from the coast.11. Hydrogen [H] is lighter__ than____any other __matter(element).12. Yesterday on my way to work I got caught in a terrible traffic jam .It took me twohours to get from my home to the place where I work.13.Our lab has a lot of new machinces(equipment). Most of it was imported(bought)from Japan, Germany and the US. Now that it has been installed, we are worried how to use it. All of it seems to work well except for the new electron microscope from America.14.The direction of plant growth is affected by light.15._while(Capital?)_ Beijing is a political and cultural hub, Shanghai is primarily acenter of commerce and finance.16.Motorola is a multinational company with branches分支all over the world.17.You people are not working fast enough to complete this project by the end ofMay. You need to work much faster hardly if you want to do that.18.Scientists used to think that Jupiter was a rocky planet.Actually(However), itconsists almost entirely完全地of gas.19.I tried to explain why we needed more money, but it was evident (obvious显而易见clear)from the way the bank manager reacted that I had failed to persuade him.20.These days a lot of bikes are stolen on our campus. The students would like toknow how this theft 失窃can be eliminated根除消灭.21.I’d rather play cards than watch TV tonight. There’s absolutely 绝对完全nothingworth watching on TV.22.He tried play cards than watch TV tonight. There’s absolutely nothing worthwatching on TV.23.The fire spread through the building quickly, but (finally)luckly everybodymanaged to escape. There were n’t even any injuries. The authorities官方、当局are investigating 调查审问the fire on the owner, who apparently stored dangerous goods in the basement.24.If I were you, I would n’t buy that refrigerator冰箱. It’s too expensive. Look atthis one over here. It costs less and holds more food. Why do n’t you consider buying this one instead?PART 5. First read the article below carefully and completely. Then answer the question on its content. In each case write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. Each answer is worth three points.You are not allowed to use a dictionary. However, we have provided a short list of difficult words with their definitions to help you read the text. Read this vocabulary list before you begin the article.VOCABULARY FOR THE ARTICLEan aerosol: matter floating in the atmosphere in tiny separate quantities that move together like a cloudan aperture:an opening in a device, e.g. a hole to admit rays of lightan archive: a place for storing documents or datato bounce: to behave like a basketball when you drop one on a hard surface compelling: very persuasiveto decipher something : to made something understandable despite its complexityto disentangle something: in a situation where things are mixed together in a confusing way, to separate the parts so that everything is more easily observed or understoodto earmark something for something: to decide that something should be used for a specific purposeembers:after a fire, small pieces of wood that are no longer in flames but are still very hota fleet: an organized group of ships or spacecraftto glean something from something: to collect something in small quantities(because it is scarce )myriad: very very manyto quadruple: to become four times largerserendipitous: producing a positive, happy or useful result purely by chanceto smolder: to continue to produce smoke after flames have disappearedvital signs: indications of how healthy or unhealthy someone isvoluminous: large in volume, abundant[1]Flying 705 kilometers above the earth’s surface, a satellite called Terra is using five state-of-the-art sensors to conduct a comprehensive health examination of our world. Everything from clouds and plants to sunlight and temperature and fire and ice influences climate, and Terra is just beginning to collect this information every day over the entire globe. As the bus-sized satellite circles the earth from pole to pole, its sensitive instruments track the planet’s vital signs as each region comes into view.[2]Certain environmental changes are occurring today at rates never before seen in our plane t’s recent history. Imagine, for instance, the hundreds of fires set deliberately every year to clear land for agriculture, a practice that has quadrupled during the past century. Humans today burn an average of 142,000 square kilometers of tropical forest – an area roughly the size of Anhui – every year. Some of Terra’s sensors can track the flames and gauge move through the atmosphere. One of these sensors can even distinguish changes at a resolution of 15 meters –a view close enough to pick out spots where smoldering embers may again burst into flame.[3]Terra is the flagship of the Earth Observing System(EOS), a National aeronautics and Space Administration satellite that will bring scientists closer to deciphering the earth’s climate well enough to predict future changes –a goal that requires an unprecedented ability to differentiate natural cycles from changes that people create. Natural geologic forces, such as volcanic eruptions, variations in ocean currents and cycles of ice ages, have been is compelling scientific evidence showing that human activities are speeding up the rate of global change and have even attained the magnitude of a geologic force.[4]We need to take many measurements all over the world, over a long period, in order to supply computers simulations with the right information to enable us to forecast climate change. To that end, we and our EOS colleagues identified 24 factorsthat together play a major role in determining climate. These factors include the flux of sunlight and other radiant energy, concentrations of greenhouse gases, snow and ice cover, clouds and aerosols, and changes in vegetation and other land-surface features. The Terra mission is designed to measure 16 of those 24 characteristics.[5]In 1988 NASA’s Earth System Sciences Committee issued a report calling for a long-term strategy for measuring the earth’s vital signs. This committee emphasized that the only feasible way to monitor these signs consistently for a long time is by using satellite-borne sensors that can “see”the earth from space. Consequently, in 1991 NASA initiated the Earth Observing System, and the US Congress has since earmarked $7.4 billion to design and implement the program through October 2001. Our team devoted $1.3 billion to building and launching Terra, the newest member of the EOS fleet.[6]Terra rocked orbit on 18 December 1999, and specialists now guide its flight and control its sensors from a command center at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Terra’s sensors are not actively scanning the surface as do instruments that transmit laser or radar beams and track the way they bounce off the surface of the plant. Terra’s sensors are passive, much like a digital camera.[7]Packets of energy – sunlight and infra-red light – escape the earth’s atmosphere and pass through the sensor’s apertures. Those energy packets then strike specially designed detectors that are sensitive to discrete wavelengths of electromagnetic energy. Similar to the way we can tune in different stations on a car radio, Terra’s spectroradiometers enable researchers to detect different wavelengths of radiant energy. If those wavelengths are red, green and blue, they can easily make a color image that our eyes can see. If the measured wavelengths are invisible, such as those in the ultra-violet or infra-red portions of the spectrum, scientists must assign them a visible color to make a “false-color” image that our eyes can interpret.[8]The EOS missions rely on two integral components in addition to the satellites : a system for storing the information and people to interpret it. Already the project supports some 850 scientists at government agencies and academic institutions around the world. What the satellites beam back to earth is a voluminous stream of numbers – tens of trillions of bytes of information each week – that must be processed to become meaningful. An advanced computer network, called the EOS Data and Information System(EOSDIS), receives and processes the number. Four centers across the US then serve as archives for the measurements from Terra, distributing them to scientists and non-scientists alike.[10] This free sharing of data contrasts sharply with many past satellite missions, for which access to data was limit to all but big-budget research organizations. A single image from the Landsat satellites, the first of which was launched in 1972, can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars. Some of Terra’s data, on the other hand, will be broadcast on X-band directly to anyone who has a compatible receiving station and the capacity to process and store such a huge flow of information. A variety of commercial markets can benefit from EOS data.[11] In addition to Terra, three other EOS satellites are already orbiting the globeand measuring other vital signs of the climate, such as changes in the sun’s energy output and winds blowing over the oceans. If these instruments survive their predicted lifetimes, and if Congress continues to fund the EOS effort, these satellites will be followed by 15 or more others, and together they will generate a 15-year global data set. To make accurate climate predictions, we will need such measurements spanning several decades.[12] Integrating observations from the sensors on board Terra and the other EOS satellites will make it possible to disentangle the myriad causes and effects that determine climate. Monitoring how patterns of deforestation correlate with rainfall and cloud cover, for example, will help researchers to assess how the loss of trees affects regional water cycles. Comparing similar measurements from more than one sensor will help to ensure that all instruments are seeing the same signals and that on-board calibration devices are working properly. Researchers will also compare the satellite measurements with those gleaned from dozens of other instruments based in aircraft, on ships and buoys, and on the ground.[13] The process of diagnosing climate takes hundreds of hours of computer time. The first four-dimensional “snapshot” of our planet will probably not be ready until next winter, and scientists may need many years after that to the first thorough statistical evaluation. The earth’s climate system is intricately interconnected. What we have described only scratches the surface of what the Terra innovative studies and new applications emerge in the years ahead.1 The Terra satelliteA is smaller than an automobileB is smaller than a car but bigger than a TV setC is bigger than a carD is of a size not indicated in the article2The path that the Terra satellite followsA.is consistently westwardB.changes from day to day, as the satellite receives new instructions fromthe ground station in MarylandC.is consistently eastwardD.is north to south, then south to north3The primary objective of the satellite is toA.gather information on a wide range of factors that affect the planet’sweatherB.study the impact of human beings on climatic changeC.predict future changes in the weatherD.determine which weather patterns are natural in origin and which havebeen accidentally brought about by human beings4According to the article, when Terra observes areas where tropical rain forest is burning, it canA.make out where flames are, but not how hot the fire isB.gather data simultaneously from a disaster area as large as AnhuiprovinceC.deter spots that are likely to start burning vigorously againD.distinguish man-made fires from fires with purely or mostly naturalcauses5.Scientists who observe the globe as a whole now believe thatA.volcanic eruptions have always been the main force rearranging thesurface of the planetB.if it were not for human activities, climate change would haltC.ocean currents and ice ages are less important in changing the climatethan are human beingsD.the effort of human activities is as great as that of a force in altering theplanet6.In order to predict changes in the earth’s climate, scientists need toA.generate a completely new series of computer models that can simulatethe weather more accuratelyB.add further satellites to the EOS fleet, so all 24 key weather factors canbe studied, not just 16 of them, as nowC.decide which of 24 factors have a truly significant effect on weatherpattersD.provide their computer simulations with a consistent stream of data fromall over the world, gathered over a long period of time7.The US Congress hasA.spent $7.4 billion on the Terra satellite since 1991B.granted NASA $7.4 billion to build and launch a new Terra satelliteC.promised NASA $1.3 billion to build and launch a new Terra satelliteD.announced that it will provide no further money for the EOS projectafter October 20018.Terra’s sensors resemble a digital camera in that theyA.measure energy input from the earth rather than transmit scanning orradar beamsB.track the angle at which laser and radar beams are reflected by theearth’s surfaceputer the amount of laser and radar energy absorbed by the surfaceof the earthD.scan the surface of the planet but do not transmit laser or radar beams9.The main factors limiting who can receive EOS data areA.politicalB.financialC.technicalmercial10.According to this article, the EOS effortA.is still in its preliminary stagesB.should continue for at least 14 more yearsC.if half-way to completionD.is nearly complete, though much statistical work remains to be done+ + + + + + + + THE END+ + + + + + + +。