专业英语-整理版

Chapter 1 Introduction: Why Project Management?True/False1) Projects have a process orientation. F2) Client interest in a project is highest during the termination and conceptual phases. T Multiple Choice1). A project typically has:A) A defined start and end date.B) A defined start date but no defined end date.C) No defined start but a defined end date.D) No defined start or end date.2) Which of the following statements about project success criteria is best?A) Project cost is an external performance measure.B) Completion time is an internal performance measure.C) Client acceptance is an internal performance measure.D) Client acceptance is often referred to as conducting a quality check.Short Answer1) What changes in the business environment have necessitated a greater use of projectmanagement skills?Chapter 2 The Organizational Context: Strategy, Structure, andCultureTrue/False1) The same project managed in the same fashion may succeed in one organization but failin another. T2) Organizational culture can be influenced in a variety of ways, including by rewardsystems and key organizational members. TMultiple Choice1) Which of the following is not an element of strategic management?A) formulating cross-functional decisionsB) implementing cross-functional decisionsC) evaluating cross-functional decisionsD) eliminating cross-functional decisions2) Companies that are structured by grouping people performing similar activities intodepartments are:A) project organizations.B) functional organizations.C) matrix organizationsD) departmental organizations.Chapter 3 Project SelectionTrue/False1) A simplified scoring model addresses all the weakness of a checklist model for projectscreening. T2) The present value of money is lower the further out in the future I expect to spend it. F Multiple Choice1) An internal operating issue in project screening and selection is:A) expected return on investment.B) change in physical environment.C) patent protection.D) chance that the firm’s goodwill will suffer due to the quality of the finished project.2) A project with the chance for a big payout may be funded if an important criterion is:A) cost.B) opportunity.C) top management pressure.D) risk.Short Answer1) What is the time value of money principle and how does it apply to project selection?P91, the front halfChapter 4 Leadership and the Project ManagerTrue/False1) The most important characteristic of a project leader is ability to inspire. F2) The new leader must make a conscious effort to distance himself from the people beingled. FMultiple Choice1) A project champion is:A) a project manager that always completes projects within the allotted time frame.B) a sponsor in top management that is keenly interested i n the project’s success.C) a project manager that always completes projects within the allotted budget.D) a project manager that always completes projects within the allotted time frame andunder budget.2) Which of the following is a traditional duty of a project champion?A) cheerleaderB) visionaryC) politicianD) technical understandingChapter 5 Scope ManagementTrue/False1) Scope management is the function controlling a project in terms of its goals andobjectives during the execution phase. F2) Scope reporting not only identifies the type of information that will be reported, but alsoto whom it will be reported and with what frequency. TMultiple Choice1) Which of these is not a typical element of a statement of work?A) introduction and backgroundB) a list of activities needed to complete the projectC) technical description of the projectD) timeline and milestones2) In the case of projects developed for external clients, work authorization typicallyaddresses:A) budget linkage.B) audit trail establishment.C) resource requirements.D) contractual obligations.Chapter 6 Project Team Building, Conflict, and Negotiation True/False1) The first step in assembling a project team is to talk to potential team members. F2) Cross-functional cooperation directly influences both the actual implementation of theproject and the team members’ assessment that the project experience was worthwhile. T Multiple Choice1) Project management people skills include:A) team building.B) scheduling.C) budgeting.D) project evaluation.2) Which of these factors does not influence cross-functional cooperation?A) accessibilityB) physical proximityC) rules and proceduresD) self-efficacy.Short Answer1)What are the steps in assembling a project team? Which is most critical? Why? P183Chapter 7 Risk ManagementTrue/False1) The risk is highest in the earliest phase of the project life cycle. T2) Contingency reserves require a construction company to hold back some funds in anaccount just in case something happens that increases the overall project cost. T Multiple Choice1) Risk management is a:A) three stage process.B) four stage process.C) five stage process.D) six stage process2) The probability that legal and managerial structures put together to develop and operatethe project will not perform well is:A) operating risk.B) political risk.C) organizational risk.D) integration risk.Chapter 8 Cost Estimation and BudgetingTrue/False1) Direct costs are those clearly assigned to the aspect of the project that generated the cost.T2) Material is an example of a cost that is recurring, variable and direct. TMultiple Choice1) Which of the following is a direct cost?A) laborB) rentC) depreciation on equipmentD) health benefits2) Workers paid $15.00 per hour with an overhead charge of 1.45 and a personal timeallowance of 1.15, have what total direct labor cost for an 8-hour work day?A) $151.30B) $174.00C) $200.10D) $236.80Chapter 9 Project Scheduling: Networks, Duration Estimation, and Critical Path True/False1) Preceding activities are those that must occur before others can be done. T2) A backward pass is performed when it is necessary to undo some work that has beenperformed in order to complete it properly. FMultiple Choice1) The least amount of float is found:A) in a resource-limited schedule.B) after a burst activity.C) on the critical path.D) after a merge activity.2) An activity has an optimistic time estimate of 15 days, a most likely estimate of 24 days,and a pessimistic estimate of 40 days. What is the expected duration of the activity?A) less than 27 days but greater than or equal to 26 daysB) less than 26 days but greater than or equal to 25 daysC) less than 25 days but greater than or equal to 24 daysD) less than 24 daysChapter 10 Project Scheduling: Lagging, Crashing, and Activity Networks True/False1) Finish to start lags are the same as additional activity slack. F2) The critical path may not contain a dummy activity. TMultiple Choice1) The most common type of logical sequencing between tasks is referred to as the:A) finish to start relationshipB) finish to finish relationship.C) start to start relationship.D) start to finish relationship.2) An activity performed by a subcontractor is scheduled for 20 weeks at an anticipated costof $100,000. Due to slippage on the critical path you need to reduce this activity by three weeks. If the subcontractor informs you that the activity can be completed in 15 weeks for $200,000, what is the slope for the activity?A) $20,000 per weekB) $33,333 per weekC) $5,000 per weekD) $13,333 per weekShort Answer1) What are the strengths and weaknesses of AOA and AON techniques?Chapter 11 Critical Chain Project SchedulingTrue/False1) If people believe that they built extra time into their initial estimates, they are usuallymore likely to begin project work right away. T2) The critical chain is usually the same as the critical path. FMultiple Choice1) The first step in TOC methodology is to:A) identify the constraint.B) exploit the constraint.C) subordinate the system to the constraint.D) elevate the constraint.2) In order to estimate completion of a Gaussian, or lognormal, distributed activity time witha 90% or higher degree of confidence, the time may be overestimated by as much as:A) 20%.B) 80%.C) 160%.D) 200%.Chapter 12 Resource ManagementTrue/False1) All that is needed to create a resource loading calendar is the Work Breakdown Structureand the activity network. T2) In-process inventory represents the amount of work waiting to be completed but delayeddue to unavailable resources. TMultiple Choice1) A project that must be finished by December 31st is:A) time constrained. P381B) resource constrained.C) mix-constrained.D) capacity constrained.2) The amounts of individual resources that a schedule requires during a specific timeperiods is referred to as the resource’s:A) loading.B) capacity.C) constraint.D) drag.Chapter 13 Project Evaluation and ControlTrue/False1) Gap analysis refers to any measurement process that first determines the goals and thenthe degree to which the actual performance lives up to those goals. F2) The project implementation profile assesses the performance of the project team withrespect to 10 critical success factors and can be used on an ongoing project. TMultiple Choice1) The first step in the control cycle is:A) setting a goal.B) measuring progress.C) comparing actual with planned performance.D) taking action.2) The project baseline is established by combining data from the:A) work breakdown structure and the project budget.B) time-phased project budget and the PERT chart.C) S-curve and the project budget.D) time-phased project budget and the work breakdown structure.Chapter 14 Project Close-Out and Termination True or false1) A project that is terminated by extinction is not completed successfully. T2) Closeout activities are typically among the highest priority activities in a project. F Multiple Choice1) The termination of Boeing’s Sonic Cruiser project is an example of:A) termination by extinction.B) termination by addition.C) termination by integration.D) termination by starvation.。