汉英翻译课件之 谓语确定

Two thirds of the swampland has/have been reclaimed for farming. Forth minus fifteen leaves/leave twenty-five. Seven plus/and five makes/make twelve. All of the cargo was/were lost. All of the crew were/was saved.
句子翻译之谓语确定
英汉谓语之比较
英语句子谓语只有动词和动词词组才能充当； She was smiling. He likes translation. They have become health-conscious. John is at home. We gave him advice. We consider that plan wonderful. He has put the salt on the table. The children might have been playing in the garden. I agree with you on that point. In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.
学校教育不仅要抓智育，更要重视德育。 Schools must provide students not only sound intellectual training, but, more importantly, moral development.
2 汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来
大学在推动经济增长方面的作用已是有目共睹。 Already, the university’s role as an engine of economic growth is well recognized. 我们的国防变得越来越巩固和强大。 Our national defence becomes more and more consolidatory and powerful. 他在会上说的话非常正确，非常有说服力。 What he said at the meeting is very right and persuasive. 他们ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ言语和行动充满了信心和自豪。 They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.
5 如果在一个句子中有几个动词，就确定一 个动词作谓语，其他动词可译作非谓语动 词或介词短语。 中国观察问题不是看社会制度。 China does not regard social system as criterion in its approach to problems. 他告诉我在各种情况下都要保持冷静。 He told me to keep calm under all circumstances.
几年前发现了一颗新彗星。 A new comet was discovered a couple of years ago. 据说，这条高速公路明年通车。 It is said that this highway will be open to traffic next year. 为了欢迎外国贵宾，安排了一场音乐会。 A concert was laid on for the distinguished foreign visitors.
这些时装模特逐渐镇定下来，有了自信。 These fashion models gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence; Gradually, these fashion models calmed down and regained self-confidence. 这座旅馆能接待300多个旅客。 This hotel can contain/accommodate over three hundred passengers/guests.
女主人端着几杯葡萄酒走了进来。 The hostess came in with several glasses of wine. 南宁市政府招商代表团吸引了许多东南亚客商来南 宁洽谈项目。 The delegation of inviting investment of Nanning City has attracted many businessmen from Southeast Asia to Nanning to hold talks on different projects. 上海采取了一系列优惠政策吸引外资。 A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital.
我常去北京。 I often go to Beijing. 他常去上海。 He often goes to Shanghai. 他昨天去了常州。 He went to Changzhou yesterday. 从这三个例子看出，汉语的谓语无形态变化， 而英语的谓语有变化。
英译时谓语的确定 1 谓语确定应充分、贴切传达愿意； 中国经济将融入世界经济大潮。 The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy. The economy of China will converge with that of the world. 中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。 The central government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR. The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.
我看见几朵嫩黄的向日葵，衬托在一片碧蓝 的天空里。 I saw some fresh yellowish sunflowers against a blue sky.
6 如果不知道原文动作发出者是谁，或原文 主语为人们、大家等，或句中含有据说、 据传等提法时，译文中谓语常用被动； 新改建的城中公园建了许多草坪。--Plenty of lawns were built in the gardens of the new-renovated city’s centers. 大家知道盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 Salt is known to have a strong corroding effect on metals. 应该教育孩子讲实话。 Children should be taught to speak the true.
Every boy and every girl in this room is/are entitled to a copy. Many a man and woman in this community finds/find himself and herself in need. My sisters or brother is/are likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers are/is coming. Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were/was confident of victory.
Either my brothers or my father is/are coming. No one except his own supporters agree/agrees with him. Neither Julia nor I am/is going. Joe’s new trousers are/is black and white. Domestic cattle provide/provides us with milk, beef and hides. Ham and eggs is/are a good breakfast.
汉语的谓语也是句子中的重要成分，但汉语 的谓语除了用动词充当，还可以用形容词、 名词或其他词语充当。 他买了一本书。 他是江苏人。 小王今年29岁。 南京的秋天很美。 我的老师今天不在学校。
在英语句子中，作谓语的动词对句子其他成 分的形式和句子结构有很大影响。谓语受 主语支配，在人称和数上必须和主语一致。 He has put the salt( them) on the table. 汉语句子中主语和谓语只要求在语义上一致， 而无须在形式上对应。汉语句子中谓语不 受主语支配，没有人称、数和时态变化。
凉爽而清新的风正从南方吹来。 粮食工业和纺织工业主要靠农业提供原料。 老师一再强调透彻理解是翻译的关键。 这篇文章读起来不像一个12岁的小孩写的。 他走出图书馆，腋下挟着几本书回到了教室。 必须指出，他犯了严重错误。
4 谓语和主语在人称和数上必须保持一致；
当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。 ---Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country. 五十英里对我来说是很长一段路程。 Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.
3 用系表结构作谓语； 连系动词之后须带主语补语（Subject complement)) Eg: the capital of the United States was once New York City. The puddle got bigger the more it rained. 这些椅子舒适大方，携带方便。--These chairs are comfortable and convenient to carry. 她变得如此温柔和体贴。--she becomes so gentle and considerable. 在陌生的环境里她感到很不自在。--she didn’t feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.