选修7unit1 Grammar 学案

Revise the Infinitive英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。

非谓语动词的句法作用The definition of infinitive不定式由“to + do (动词原形)”构成, 其否定形式是“not to do”, （不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。

1.主语(subject)2. 表语(predicative)3. 宾语(object)4.宾补(object complement)5. 定语(attribute)6. 状语(adverbial)7. 独立结构(absolute construction)1. 不定式作主语(subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.若不定式太长, 往往用it作形式主语, 不定式后置。

2. 不定式作表语(predicative)My job is to protect the world.不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。

All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.前有do后无to的用法。

具体参考如下：（1）连词连接两不定式前面的有do后面的to do的to省略，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long.Tom have no choice but to give it up.（2）用is连接，不定式作表语时前面主语有do时后面表语to do的to省略，如：What I want to do is stay at home.What I want is to stay with you.（3）注意这里说的前有do后无to的前面的do要是实意动词do,不能是助动词do3. 不定式作宾语(object)Lin Shuhao likes to play basketball.I find it still necessary (for him) to work hard if he wants to win.某些动词后往往用it作形式宾语, 不定式后置。

句型：t h i n k/c o n s i d e r/f i n d/…+i t+a d j.+t o d o常见动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish + to doLook at the sentences and find the rules.e.g. I’m glad / pleased to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.不定式可以用在某些形容词后作宾语，如：sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed…4. 不定式作宾补(object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.引导不定式作宾补的动词warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force, expect …+ sb. to do sth.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.不定式做宾补时不带to的情况1. 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；2. 使役动词(let, have, make)后。

五看(watch, see, look at, notice, observe)三使(make, let, have)二听(listen to, hear)一感觉(feel)C o m p a r i s o nThey saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.Mother made John wash the car.John was made to wash the car.以上的动词用于被动式，to 要还原5. 不定式作定语(attribute)1.He is looking for a suitable coat to wear.Tom has a nice pen to write with.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(a)She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends.(b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.2. 当名词被the first, the last, the only等词以及形容词最高级修饰时She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。

4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需加适当的介词。

Please pass me some paper to write on.comparison1) Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）6. 不定式作状语(adverbial)I got up early to catch the train.在一些短语中也有体现:comparisonin order to, so as to,enough to,only to不定式作状语的作用1.表示目的He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.2. 表示结果He was so foolish as to believe it.= He was such a fool as to believe it.= He was foolish enough to believe it.3. 出乎意思的结果He woke up only to find that he was sleeping outdoors.Identify its function1. It is good to help others.2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.4. I don’t have time to sit around f eeling sorry for myself.5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6. A big company has decided to buy it from me.7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.答案Identify its function1. It is good to help others. (subject)2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. (subject)3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. （predicative）4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. （attribute）5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. （attribute）6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. （object）7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. （object）8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. （adverbial9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. （adverbial10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. （object complement）ⅡMultiple choice1.He is said to ____ to his country because a new president comes into power.A. be allowed to returnB. allow to returnC. allow returningD. be allowed returning2.He spoke in such a high voice ____ at the further end of the room.A. as to be heardB. to be heardC. as to hearD. to hear3.--- Do you work in the lab every afternoon?--- No, but sometimes, I wish I ____ .A. had time toB. had time to doC. have time toD. have time4.I’ll do whatever I can ____ my English.A. improveB. to improveC. improvingD. to improving5.Could you tell me the way you’ve thought of _____ ?A. to do itB. doing itC. do itD. has to do it6.Every minutes is made full _____ of _____ our lessons.A. to use, studyB. use, studyingC. useful, to studyD. use, to study7.Whom would you rather _____ the work?A. to have to doB. to have doC. have to doD. have do8.Pieces of bamboo or wood ____ books between 2nd and 5th century AD.A. used to formedB. used to formC. were used to formD. used to be forming9. Smith appears ______ a long time. He is impatient for my arrival.A. to waitB. to be waitingC. to have waitedD. to have been waiting10. He is said ______ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A. to have been badly treatedB. treating badlyC. being badly treatedD. to be treated badly11. --- Why was he fined?--- He happened to _____ several flowers in the park.A. be seen pickB. be seen pickingC. be caught to pickD. catch picking12. Reading English in the morning seems to be a rule _____.A. to never breakB. never to be breakingC. never to be brokenD. never to break13. For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only ______ to come again the next day.A. tellingB. to be toldC. told d. being told14. --- Why so serious, dear?--- Nothing. I’m just thinking about the problem _____ tomorrow.A. discussedB. will be discussedC. to be discussedD. being discussed15. Which do you enjoy _____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?A. spendingB. to spendC. being spendD. spendⅢ语法填空While English is getting more and more important in your schools, Chinese has become popularamong foreign kid. But Chinese can be more difficult ____1____(learn). Many foreign kids thinks that Chinese characters have too many strokes, but they still want to learn it. Some South Korean students begin to learn ____2____(write) the language on their first day at school. ___3___(help) students learn Chinese, South Korean holds popular speaking competitions for high school students every year.The Chinese Ministry of Education ____4____(say) in the interview yesterday that last year nearly 33 million people from 85 countries ____5____ (learn) Chinese. Some even try ___6____(write) and draw in a Chinese way.China ___7___(develop) so fast that foreign countries intend ____8____(understand) China better to help them with business. The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese. It ____9____(send) more than 200 Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world. Nowadays, more and more colleges ___10___(set) up in foreign countries.Keys: 1. to learn 2. to write 3. To help 4. said 5. were learning6. to write7. is developing8. to understand9. has sent 10. are being setⅣFill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.1.I’m afraid it’ll be very hard for you to adapt (adapt) this story for children.2.After thinking (think) everything over, she decided not to resign (not resign) her post.3.You’d better not get ( not get) annoyed at this ignorance.4.All of us are satisfied, since everything seems to be going (go) on smoothly.5.It might be better to try (try) to discuss (discuss) in his language as he isn’t used to speaking (speak) inEnglish yet.6.If you couldn’t get anything to open (open) the beer bottle with, why not try (try) opening (open) itwith your teeth?7.He ran all they way to the station only to find (find) the train had left.8.---Did he manage to carry (carry) the truck upstairs?---No, he didn’t. He isn’t strong enough even to move (move) it.9.She remembered passing (pass) on most of the information, but she forgot to mention (mention) oneor two of the most important facts.10.His attempt to solve (solve) the problem failed again.11.The enemy was reported to have run (run) away two days before.12.All I am trying to do is（to ）clear (clear) all the rubbish here.13. In the library I noticed Diana talk (talk) for a moment with David.ⅤTranslate the following sentences.学好英语很难。