本科英语毕业论文标准范文
英语本科毕业论文优秀范文
××大学毕业设计(论文）题目Analysis of the contextual meaning of English Word 作者张芳丹层次本科专业英语学号指导教师×年×月×日××大学成人高等教育毕业论文（设计)评审表注:此表一式二份，与学籍表一起进入学员毕业档案××大学毕业设计（论文）任务书学院学生姓名：学号：专业：英语1 设计（论文）题目及专题:Analysis of the contextual meaning of English Word2 学生设计（论文）时间：自年月日开始至年月日止3 设计(论文）所用资源和参考资料:〔1〕Nida , E 。
A . Language in Culture and Society。
New York : Harper&Row 。
1964.(the whole book）〔2〕Ogden， C. K and Richard， I。
A。
The Meaning of Meaning 〔M〕. London： Routledge and Kegan PAUL。
1923。
(the whole book) 〔3〕Saeed， J. I。
Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell。
1997。
(from page 53 to 132）〔4〕胡壮麟.语言学教程〔M〕。
北京：北京大学出版社。
2005。
6 (the whole book）〔5〕何伟。
英语语篇中的时态研究。
北京大学出版社.2008.2 （from page 50 to 193）4 设计（论文）完成的主要内容：Ⅰ．Contextual Meaning and Figures of SpeechⅡ。
Contextual Meaning and Culture5 提交设计（论文）形式（设计说明与图纸或论文等)及要求:〔1〕要求认真、独立完成毕业论文(设计）的写作〔2〕要求按照学校规定的论文（设计）格式撰写论文（设计）〔3〕要求及时同指导老师进行沟通,按步骤完成论文（设计）的写作和答辩工作。
英语毕业论文范文
英语毕业论文范文Graduation Thesis: The Impact of Technology on Education1. IntroductionEducation plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and societies. Over the years, technology has had a profound impact on various aspects of education. This paper aims to discuss the positive and negative effects of technology on education and explore the potential future developments.2. Positive effects of technology on education2.1 Improved accessibility: Technology has made education more accessible to people globally, breaking the barriers of distance and time. Online courses and virtual classrooms enable individuals to learn from anywhere at any time.2.2 Enhanced engagement: Technology can make learning more interactive and engaging. The use of multimedia tools such as videos, animations, and games can stimulate students' interest and improve their understanding.2.3 Personalized learning: Technology allows educators to tailor instruction to individual students' needs and interests. Adaptive learning software can provide targeted feedback and content based on students' performance, helping them progress at their own pace.2.4 Collaborative learning: Technology facilitates collaboration and communication among students and teachers. Online forums, video conferencing, and document sharing platforms enable students to work together on projects and exchange ideas.3. Negative effects of technology on education3.1 Distractions: The prevalence of technology in classrooms canbe a distraction for students. The temptation to use social media or play games during class time can hinder their focus and academic performance.3.2 Information overload: With the vast amount of information available on the internet, students may find it challenging to discern reliable sources and filter out irrelevant information. This can lead to a lack of critical thinking skills and a decrease in the quality of research.3.3 Inequality: The access to technology and digital resources is still unequal worldwide, creating a digital divide between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds. This disparity can further widen the educational gap.4. Future developments in technology and education4.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI has the potential to revolutionize education by providing personalized and adaptive learning experiences. Intelligent tutoring systems can analyze student data and tailor instruction accordingly, improving learning outcomes.4.2 Virtual Reality (VR): VR technology can create immersive learning environments that enhance students' understanding and engagement. Students can virtually visit historical sites, explore the human body, or practice complex skills in a safe and controlled setting.4.3 Online learning platforms: The popularity of online learning platforms is likely to continue growing. These platforms offer a wide range of courses and certifications from renowned universities and experts, making education more accessible and affordable.5. ConclusionTechnology has undoubtedly transformed the field of education, bringing both advantages and challenges. As technology continues to advance, it is crucial to strike a balance between embracing its potential benefits and addressing its negative impacts. By harnessing technology effectively, education can become more inclusive, engaging, and tailored to individual students' needs, ultimately preparing them for the demands of the future.。
毕业英语论文范文
毕业英语论文范文毕业论文(设计)质量是衡量高等职业院校办学成果最为重要的依据之一,也是评价一个学生综合素质的重要标尺。
下面是小编为大家推荐的毕业英语论文范文，供大家参考。
毕业英语论文范文范文一：商务英语毕业论文Implication of Cultural Differences on International Business NegotiationsAbstractBusiness negotiations under different cultural conditions are cultural negotiations. With the development of economic globalization and frequent business contacts，cultural differences havebecome very important. If they are neglected， they could cause unnecessary misunderstanding，or even undermine the result of business negations. Therefore， it is of great significance to know different cultures of different countries as well as ways to avoid cultural conflicts in the context of international business negotiations. The paper begins with the definition of culture，analyzes the causes of cultural differences and explains the impact of cultural differences on international business negotiations from three perspectives of communication process，negotiation style and values concept. Finally，it analyzes effective ways to deal with the problem arising from cultural differences in the negotiation process. The paper stresses that in business negotiations between different countries negotiators should accept the other party's culture， try to make him be accepted and make a correct evaluation with help of effective communications. In a word，for successful cultural negotiations，cultural differences need to be perceived，accepted and most importantly played down.Key words:culture cultural difference business negotiation impactContents1. Cultural difference (4)1.1 The definition of culture (4)1.2 The causes of cultural differences (4)1.2.1 Geographical differences (4)1.2.2 Ethnic differences (4)1.2.3 Political differences (4)1.2.4 Economic differences (4)1.2.5 Religious differences (4)1.2.6 The concept of difference (5)1.3 Importance of international business negotiations on Cultural differences (5)2. Cultural differences on the impact of international business negotiations (5)2.1 Communication process (5)2.2 Negotiating style (8)2.3 Values (8)2.3.1 Ethics (8)2.3.2 Sense.............................................................................. (8)2.3.3 Concept of Collective (8)2.3.4 Concept of time (8)3. How to deal with international business negotiations and culturaldifferenc es (9)3.1 To learn more about the former in the negotiations of the cultural differences that may arise (9)3.2 In the negotiations necessary to correctly handle the cultural differences (9)3.3 Negotiations to do a good job of follow-up for the exchange of cultural differences (10)4. References (11)Business negotiation in interpersonal relationships as a special form， relate to different geographical， ethnic， social and cultural exchanges and contacts， which have taken place in cross-cultural negotiations. In cross-cultural negotiations，the different geographical， ethnic， cultural differences will affect the thinking of those negotiations，the negotiation style and behavior，thus affecting the entire negotiation process. Therefore， to engage in business activities， especially for the cross-border business activities must understand and master the links between different cultures and differences. Conducting negotiations with the organization，also have to understandthat cultural differences impact on the negotiations， only the face of such a positive impact on the desired objectives can be achieved1. Cultural differences1.1 the definition of cultureNational culture is a country-specific concepts and value systems，which constitute the concept of people's lives and work behavior. The nations of the world as a result of specific historical and geographical and gradually formed its own unique cultural traditions and cultural patterns. As the difference of Chinese and Western traditional customs，values，religious beliefs ， different ways of thinking， etc， making the different performance of Chinese and Western cultures.1.2 the causes of cultural differencesCultural diversity caused by many reasons， T o sum up， the main source of cultural differences are in the following areas:1.2.1 geographical differencesRefers to the geographical differences in different geographic regions due to the geographical environment， the level of economic development and traditional differences in habits，people often have different language，lifestyle and hobbies. And these will affect their behavior. For example， the West and the American people in some countries treat Christmas important， but in areas such as near the equator do not have snow all the year round， the people of some African countries may not have the concept of Christmas because the best modified Christmas is snow， as to the people in the region that are not long-term snow ，there is little concentration of Christmas than American States.1.2.2 national differencesEthnic differences is the different ethnic groups in the development of long-term process， the formation of their own language，customs and preferences，habits. Their diet，clothing，accommodation，festivals and rituals，such as material and cultural life of their own characteristics. Take the history of our country and our Hun Han， the Xiongnu people are valiant， characteristics of typical nomads. And we tame the Han character，the typical characteristics of farming nation. Which led to the Huns in the diet， clothing， accommodation，festivals and rituals，such as material and cultural life are different with Han.1.2.3 the political differencesPolitical differences are due to the political system and the policies and regulations on people's behavior with the role of a standardized， so that all peoples in the political aspects on the concept of the existence are differences. Take the United States and France as example， the United States by the Constitution the powers of the President of the severe restrictions on the two major powers with other institutions of Congress and the Supreme Court of strong constraints. While France also had to set was ready to royalist restoration of the monarchy of the Third Republic to amend the Constitution a little further expand the powers of the president.1.2.4 economic disparitiesEconomic differences are result of the economic factors of a reflection of cultural differences. For example， the people in the Western developed countries are rich lives and high level of education， people will pay more attention to the quality of life，security means more generally. And economic backwardness of the Third World， people care more about food and clothing.1.2.5 religious differencesReligion is the development of human society to a certain stage of historical phenomenon， Religion has its own (Catholic) Major epidemic in Western Europe and South American; Islam is the scope of the whole of the Middle East and North Africa. Buddhism is more prevalent in Asian countries. The world has three major religions: Christianity，Buddhism and Islam. Christian (Protestant) is major epidemic in Northern Europe，North America and Australia; people in many parts of Asia believe in Buddhist. Different religions have different cultural tendencies and precepts，which affect the way of people understand things， codes of conduct and values.1.2.6 the concept of Values differenceValues are means of objective evaluation criteria of things. It includes the concept of time， wealth， the attitude towards life，the attitude to risk and so on. Different societies’ people to the same things and problems will come to different and even opposite conclusions.Geographical differences，ethnic differences，political differences，economic differences，religious differences and differences in concepts have the impact on people's penetration in the food， clothing， accommodation， festivals and rituals，such as material and cultural life in all its aspects. Thus affecting people's behavior，values，religious beliefs and modes of thought have a lot of difference， Finally has formed the various countries and areas of cultural differences.1.3 cultural differences on the importance of international business negotiationsPractice in the negotiations， many negotiators often do not understand，or took note of the cultural importance of thesignificant impact on negotiations. Negotiating parties for foreign culture，some negotiators may have noticed some of the other negotiations， "different" or "hard to understand" the concrete manifestation of negotiations，but that is not important. Some people blindly believe that negotiation is the use of foreign-related facts and figures to speak， and the facts and data are common. Similarly，some foreign countries’ negotiators to negotiations with each other to maintain harmonious relations， they will notice the similarities between both cultures， while ignoring their differences. Let's look at an example.In 1992，negotiators from China and other 12 experts of different professions to form a delegation to the United States purchases about 30 million U.S. dollars of chemical equipment and technology. The US naturally does everything possible to satisfy them. One of them is negotiations in the first round of the delegation sent to each of them a small souvenir. The Souvenirs packaging is very particular is a beautiful red box，red for advanced. But when the delegation was pleased to open the box when face-to-face in accordance with the Americans，Everyone's face appears very not the nature actually--there is a golf cap，but the color is green. American businessman's intention is: after signing the contract，and everyone to play golf. But they don’t know the "be a cuckold" is the biggest taboo in Chinese men. Finally the delegation did not sign the contract，not because the Americans "insult" people，but because they work careless，and even don’t know the common sense that Chinese men taboo "be a cuckold". How can we feel free to tens of millions of dollars project to them? It can be seen that the failure of the Americans negotiation is due tothey do not understand the Chinese culture.From the above examples，we can learn in business negotiations，if we do not attach importance to each other's cultural differences， the negotiations are likely to lead to failure.2. Cultural differences on the impact of international business negotiationsThe impact of culture on negotiations is extensive and profound，and different cultures will naturally divided people into different groups， this region， the difference between their respective groups are bringing people of different cultural groups tend to alienate each other; On the other hand， different cultural communication and exchanges between people are also obstacles. Therefore，the requirements of the negotiators to accept each other's culture， but also by cultural differences，unmistakably reveals that the purpose of understanding of each other's behavior，and they have been accepted by the other party， and ultimately reach a consensus agreement.Overall， the impact on culture negotiations are in following several aspects:2.1 the communication processCultural differences on the communication process of the negotiations，first of all is the performance of the communication language in the negotiation process. Language is a bridge of any country， any region and any nation. States companies， individuals to conduct business negotiations， we must first have the language to this. The differences language of international business activities is the most direct and clear. Such as China's "white elephant" brand batteries，to the English "White Elephant" it would cause bad associations.Because the "White Elephant" In addition to the name ofanimals that have two meanings: "The owner did not use， but may be useful to others; do not reuse things." Solve the language problem is very simple，you can hire a translator or use a common third language to talk. While the negotiators of the language used in a variety of cultures with higher fitness， but no matter what， the difference is obvious. Such as Japan， Brazil and France Culture，the Japanese style of business communication is the most polite， more positive commitment to the use of recommended and guarantees，and less use of threats， commands and warnings of freedom of speech， their manners of speech style， The most prominent is that they do not often use "no"， "you" and facial gaze， but to maintain a period of silence; Brazilian businessmen to use "no" and "you" at the higher frequency，their negotiation style seems more presumptuous， and it seems not lonely in the negotiations， to gaze at each other and touch each other from time to time; French businessmen negotiating style is all the most presumptuous， in particular， their use of threats and warnings at the highest frequency，in addition，they are still very frequent use of interrupted， facial gaze， as well as "no" and "you". It can be seen， only to clarify these differences that can avoid the reticent Japanese，Brazilian over enthusiasm or the French’s misunderstanding of the threat， which achieved the success of international business negotiations.Cultural differences impact on the negotiation process not only in the process of language communication， but also in the process of non-verbal communication. Cultural differences will lead to different countries or regions in the body language of negotiations， the use of action language significantly different，or even the same language of action is diametrically opposed tothe transfer of information. For example， the vast majority of countries are in favor of nod his head for agree. But in India，Nepal and other countries that are certainly shaking his head，that is， shaking his head and smiling， that is positive meaning，some people just do it diagonally on the rise is still a good way，some people are a population frequency said "You are right! You are right!" but a continuously shaking his head，often make others do not know its true psychological and full of doubt. But negotiators shape， movement， language， awareness and use of the differences， also create an obstacle for the negotiations in communication.Cultural differences also can lead to the negotiators of the differences in communication. People of different cultures have their preferences and habits of communication and cross-cultural negotiations in the negotiating parties often belong to different cultures， have their own customary means of communication. Accustomed to different means of communication between the parties to conduct a more depth in communication， often cause a wide range of issues. From countries with a high culture of the negotiators and those from countries with low culture of the negotiators may be in different ways of expression during the negotiation process. From countries with a high culture of the negotiators may be chosen euphemism，indirect ways to express their meaning. While from low culture of the negotiators preference for using oral expression to negotiate，direct or receive a clear message，straightforward means to express themselves. These two negotiators from different cultures during the negotiations，the party think the other side is often too rough，while the other may think that the other side lack of good faith in negotiations， or misunderstanding the silence ofeach other's conditions for its approval.2.2 the negotiation styleThe negotiation style is the main bearing and the attitude which displays in the negotiations activities. the style of negotiations in the course of negotiators’ behavior， conduct and control of the negotiation process of the method and means. Negotiators negotiations Style with a deep cultural stigma. Culture not only determines the Ethics Code of Ethics for negotiators，but also affects the way of thinking negotiators’ behavior and personality，so that make the negotiators of different cultural backgrounds form a very different style of negotiation. Negotiating style of the negotiation process for the negotiations between the two sides approach the relationship，contacts， and even the structure of the negotiations has a direct impact.Adhere to cultural differences，negotiating styles can be divided into two types: the negotiation style of Oriental and Western style negotiations. Oriental style is based on negotiations as the background of oriental culture of Asian countries negotiation styles，with Japan，South Korea for a typical representative:Japanese business men are conservative，attention to status-oriented，credit and the initial cooperation，co-dependent relationship between stress and good at negotiating. Japanese attached great importance to the negotiations in the transaction to establish harmonious interpersonal relationships. If there had been contacts with Japanese，before the negotiations should be recall the past exchanges and friendship between the two sides，which will be beneficial to the next negotiations. They did not support and habit the direct， purelycommercial activities. If it is the first time to establish trade relations with Japanese， the party responsible for higher status in charge visits in opposite party enterprise at the same level status person in charge is extremely important，it attached great importance to Japanese companies and the trading relationship with you. When negotiations with Japan，it’s the best to send staff rank and status at high-level than the other side. This will facilitate the conduct of the talks. It should also be noted that Japanese women's status in society is lower，generally they not allowed to participate in the operation and management of large companies activities，the Japanese are also in a number of important occasions of non-female. Therefore， when encountered formal negotiations generally not appropriate to allow women to participate in， or else they may be skeptical， and even expressed dissatisfaction.Korean character stubborn， often stuck to their own views in the negotiations and will not easily compromise. In this case we must grasp the strategy， it is necessary to adhere to argue，but also common sense to master a certain sense of propriety，and sometimes also need to be patient. On the other hand，South Korea in the negotiations seldom to express the views directly， often need the other side to try to figure out， in order to accurately understand the meaning of each other，South Korea may ask the same question repeatedly，so that when making decisions to ensure the correctness. And South Korea signed a contract does not mean that their success will not be changed， for other reasons they would seek to amend or re-start negotiations with you.Western-type style of negotiation is based on Western culture of Europe and the United States as the background styleof negotiations. The main representatives are the United States and United Kingdom.Americans often talk about "Business is Business" (business to the business) means doing business need to not recognize one's own closest relatives， insist on the principle of things not for people. "Time is money"，"money is everything" is the unswerving credo of American. Their business activities is often straightforward，be anxious for success，business came straight to the point， they always picking up the phone to talk，sit down and get straight to the point，They calculate the progress by the hour and the number of days， their opponents often feel pressure from them. American businessmen do not like the use an agent or participate in negotiations with the consultant，give others the impression that they can say on behalf of the company. They like to sit down to do business immediately. In addition，the United States businessmen attached great importance to economic benefits， they have a slang called: "Bang for Buck"， that is， with minimum capital investment to obtain the greatest benefit.British merchants engaged in commercial activities pay more attention to informal traders than other countries in the world，but also more conservative. Even today， the world has entered the electronic information age， in the UK by telephone to talk about business is unacceptable. British businessmen are more willing to make full preparations in advance， and then face-to-face talks. As long as they do not believe that the details of a settlement will not solve， they will never sign， all must have to do as rule. As a result of the British very great importance to the position， the title is also very important to them. Therefore，the selection status of the person as a broker of highly influentialbusiness，political forces and the role of trade unions in the business also can not be neglected.Of course，it also must pay attention to the actual negotiations process， although the same cultural background of the negotiators， the talks there was a clear difference， but subject to sub-culture，as well as other factors，the same cultural background of individual negotiators， the negotiations style can be very different.2.3 Cultural valuesCultural values is measure the consequences of people's behavior and standards. They affecting the way of people understanding the problems and will give rise to a strong emotional impact. In different cultures，values will be very different. Culture in a very appropriate behavior in another culture may be seen as immoral. For example，Americans believe that nepotism is immoral， however it as an obligation at the majority of Latin American culture. Therefore，the Understanding of a certain society in popular as well as these ideas in the personal behavior the degree which respects is very important. Our discussions here will focus on those activities is essential to understand the socio-economic values，more specifically，is these for promote the cross-cultural communicative competence and the values is worth noting.2.3.1 EthicsChina has heavier ethics. "Acquaintance" and "relationship" has its own special meaning and significance， once the relations have been established，the two sides have become acquaintances or friends， and generous concessions to help the situation appear， and the degree of trust and tolerance will be improved，so the Chinese people have more oral agreement.Americans is not the case，they do not pay attention to cultivating the feelings of both sides， and attempts to separate business and friendship. To deal with the problem， often used the legal means， lawyers come forward to solve the problem is common，it is flexible and not rigid，we should clearly recognize this point. However，once sign the contract，they are very much focused on the legal contract， the performance of the contract is higher. The Chinese delegation to the West，maybe a long time no one could entertain，and this misunderstanding of the people are not interested in their visit; Europeans come to China， No matter what they do may find that there are people who accompanied，and this misunderstanding of the people lack of trust in them. Of foreign visitors， a senior care too much， not to mention dinner， often mistakenly believe that this expressed his company's products or have a preference， this in fact is the Chinese hospitality， This can lead to subsequent disappointment， and even complain.2.3.2group awarenessIn the course of the Chinese and Western cultural traditions and different cultural values， on the negotiations issues tend to have a confrontation or misunderstanding. China's national character has a very remarkable phenomenon， that is Settles on the face or the dignity. At the negotiating table， if make a choice from "decent" and "interest"， both the Chinese people will often choose to "decent." Why do the Chinese people want to save face at all costs? Because of the ideological core of Chinese culture is a group consciousness. In accordance with the sense that each one is not a separate person，but living in a certain social relations， and no face will not the face of others， there is no face on the people and will not be able to live in the social andgroup life，and may even be abandoned by society and the groups. But not like Westerners，they value the interests of negotiations，they will not hesitate to choose interest from "decent" and "interest" of the two. Chinese people regarding negotiations result whether can bring honor for their face， looks extremely important，as well as some Western negotiators in their works cautioned China in the talks， we must note that use of China's national character. It is clear that only a correct understanding and properly grasp the existence of Chinese and Western differences in national character， can effectively help us in a timely manner to correct our own shortcomings and strengthen our own advantages and use of other's shortcomings to collapse of other's strengths.2.3.3 the concept of collectiveChina's concept of collective a stronger emphasis on collective responsibility，Therefore the negotiations pattern basically is the collective， but to make the final decisions are a decisive one， and even the decisive one simply has not entered the stage. This is known as the cultural experts of "high from the right to culture"，in the event of difficult issues more complicated， the negotiators on the difficult decisions; and the Western culture of Jurists which was referred to as "low from the right to culture"，on the surface is one or two people out，negotiators have been given the appropriate permissions，or assisted in its decision-making think-tank，which in the negotiations，the sole responsibility of the negotiations were heavier， higher and more flexible.2.3.4 the concept of timeConcept of time and how it decided the people's action plan for international business negotiations has a broad impact of theinvisible. The daily negotiations behavior manifests observes the difference aspect of time may be is the most obvious results of the performance. Jewish businessmen attached great importance of time. They always believe that time is not money， time and goods， is the capital to make money. Money can borrow， but time can not be borrowed，the time is more valuable than money. A wealthy Jewish income of 200，000 US dollars monthly have been considered such an account: his daily wage is 8 1000 U.S dollars，then about 17 U.S. dollars per minute. If he had been disturbed and waste 5 minutes， then is the equivalent of stolen 85 U.S. dollars in cash. Strong concept of time improved the efficiency of the Jews， they are often at work in seconds and every second counts. On the Jewish people， never appear leave early，late，or to stall for time and so on. In the business activities of the Jews "Uninvited guest" is almost as the same as the “unwelcome person”，because uninvited guests will disrupt the timing of the original， and waste everybody's time. For the time extremely mean of the Jewish，in the time to discuss the concept of time is stronger. Before Jews in the negotiations， the time must have been agreement. They agreed not only in a certain period of a day，but also appointment "from the starting points to a few minutes to talk about." During the meeting， in addition to polite greetings outside， the Jews immediately to discuss business， this is have good manners and good performance， at the same time that mean respect of each other.3. how to deal with the cultural differences on international business negotiationsOnly recognize and accommodate cultural differences can take the whole process of negotiations in response to。
英语毕业论文格式模板范文(实用3篇)
英语毕业论文格式模板范文(实用3篇)科学技术发展进步的同时，国际间的科技交流活动也越来越多，因此，科技英语的使用需要也在相应扩大，为了准确、全面解释科技英语所表达的内容，应掌握客观性、真实性、合理性、严谨性等特点，同时，还应注意上下文的有序衔接，科技英语特点主要体现在词汇、句法以及句型等方面。
1.基本特点。
科技英语翻译时，应尽可能做到释义还原，避免出现片面还原、语义歧义、主观猜测等现象，做到完整释义的基础上，针对所翻译的科技文章进行修饰，选择适合的风格。
首先，严密性。
翻译科技内容时，只有坚持严密性原则才能完成翻译目标，才能彰显科技文章的信息价值，如果不注重翻译的严密性，那么药理类科技文章、实验操作类科技文章则会失去研究意义，并且还会对阅读者产生误导，影响学习方向和研究深度。
然后，多变性。
科技文在表达的过程中无需绝对化和一致化，但在翻译过程中，应注意语序、语法以及词义的合理性，避免主观翻译、随意翻译，选择恰当词义对其准确翻译、灵活翻译。
最后，深入浅出。
由于阅读科技英语翻译文的读者存在差异性，读者群体的知识结构、理解能力不尽相同，翻译者确保原文释义不变的前提下，应适当改变语言风格和类型，确保翻译后的科技文章能够被不同读者理解，同时，这也是完成翻译目标的基本表现。
专业词汇：由于这类单词的释义较明确、单一，并且单词应用较具体，对于这类词汇应注重日常积累，广泛查阅相关资料，做好记录、温习等工作，例如，atom，原子、diode，二极管。
常用词汇：这类词汇在日常生活中较为常见，并且应用率较高，同一词汇在生活中和科技类文章中会被解释成新的意思，例如，feed在生活中和科技词汇翻译中分别指“饲料”和“注入”；solution分别指生活中的“答案”以及科技词汇“溶解”；sevice在生活中有“服侍”之意，科技词汇将被翻译成“检修”、“保养”。
一词多义：这类词汇在科技英语中的应用次数较多，并且应用范围较广，并且多义即针对不同领域而言，例如，power一词常出现在物理学领域、数学领域光学领域、工程领域和机械领域，分别指的是“功率”、“乘方”、“放大率”、“电力”和“工具”。
本科毕业论文英语介绍模板
本科毕业论文英语介绍模板IntroductionThis paper aims to introduce the undergraduate graduation thesis, titled [Title of the Thesis], which focuses on [the main topic or objective of the thesis]. The thesis is a comprehensive study that investigates [the research problem or question] and aims to provide novel insights and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of [field of study].BackgroundTo provide a context for the thesis, it is essential to discuss the background and significance of the research topic. The current state of [field of study] reveals [the existing gap in knowledge or problem] that requires further exploration and analysis. This thesis seeks to address this gap by examining [specific aspects or factors] and their impact on [related phenomenon or issue]. By doing so, it contributes to the understanding of [field of study] and offers potential solutions to relevant practical problems.Objective and Research QuestionsThe objective of this thesis is to [state the main objective or goals of the research]. To achieve this, several research questions have been formulated, which are as follows:1. [Research Question 1]: This question aims to explore [specific aspect or factor] and its implications on [related phenomenon or issue].2. [Research Question 2]: This question seeks to examine [specific aspect or factor] and its influence on [related phenomenon or issue].3. [Research Question 3]: This question investigates [specific aspect or factor] and its relationship with [related phenomenon or issue].MethodologyThe research methodology employed in this thesis follows a [quantitative/qualitative/mixed methods] approach. The [specific research design or method] was used to collect and analyze the data. The sample consisted of [describe the sample size and characteristics] and was selected based on [the specific criteria or sampling technique]. Data was collected through [specific data collection methods, such as interviews, surveys, or observations].Results and AnalysisThe findings of the research are presented and analyzed in this section. The data collected were analyzed using [appropriate statistical or thematic analysis techniques] to identify patterns, trends, and relationships between variables. The results demonstrate [the key findings, insights, or conclusions] related to the research questions and objectives.Discussion and ImplicationsThe discussion section provides an interpretation and evaluation of the results obtained from the analysis. It explores the implications of the findings in relation to the existing literature and theory in the field. The limitations of the study are also addressed, acknowledging the potential constraints and challenges faced during the research process.ConclusionIn conclusion, this undergraduate graduation thesis has investigated [the research problem or question] in the field of [field of study]. Through the use of [specific research methodology], the research questions were addressed, and specific findings were generated. The implications of the results were discussed, highlighting their significance and potential contributions to the field. This thesis serves as an important contribution to theexisting body of knowledge in [field of study], and it is hoped that it will inspire further research and practical applications in the future.。
本科毕业论文关于英文翻译
本科毕业论文关于英文翻译自改革开放以来，不同国家的人急于了解他国的文化，电影作为跨文化交流的一种方式，为电影界迎来了春天。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于本科英文翻译毕业论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!本科英文翻译毕业论文篇1英文电影片名翻译初探摘要：电影作为一种艺术形式，深受大众喜爱。
国与国之间的文化交流，电影也是一个重要组成部分。
把国内的好影片介绍出去，把国外的好影片引进来，翻译是重要一环，而首先吸引观众的就是片名。
片名的翻译起着重要的作用。
翻译片名，要以传递信息和唤起美感为目的。
在文字转移过程中，应切实保留原作的信息价值和美学价值。
既要忠于原片内容，还要注意文字优美、言简意赅，具有强烈的吸引力和感染力，本文针对目前英文电影片名翻译的现状，对英文电影片名翻译的有关理论展开讨论，同时提出了翻译片名的几种基本方法。
关键词：电影;英文电影;片名翻译;方法电影是人们喜闻乐见的艺术形式，它能传播信息、抒发感情、反映丰富多彩的生活。
给人们带来艺术上的享受。
一部好的影片之所以能吸引成千上万的观众，除了演员的精湛演技、富有哲理的对话以及绚丽多彩的画面外，与其寓意深刻、回味无穷的片名有着直接的联系。
片名，是影视片的品牌商标，看似简单却是作者颇费神思的产物，寥寥数词凝聚着整个作品的精髓。
电影片名翻译是一项重要而富于创造性的工作。
佳译能够为影片锦上添花。
对丰富国内观众业余文化生活，促进国际间文化艺术交流起到不可忽视的作用。
翻译片名大多直译，形式与内容皆相似，朴实明了又贴切。
但是片名的翻译也是语际交流，是不同文化之间的交流。
观众对象不同，文化和欣赏习惯也有差异，原语与译语的表达方式和习惯有同有异。
片名翻译时，也应深入理解影片的内容蕴涵和风格，揣摩措词用语，力求准确把握原语与译语的表层意义和联想意义，既要考虑对等，更要考虑到译名的传意性和可接受性。
一、英文电影片名翻译现状(一)一片多名的问题日前，电影片名翻译中存在着混乱、不规范的现象，一片多名的问题较突出。
英语系毕业论文范文
英语系毕业论文范文Due to the rapid development of globalization, the demand for English proficiency has been increasing continuously around the world. As a result, English has become the most widely spoken language for international communication and has taken a central position in the field of language education. Therefore, English teaching has been an essential component in almost all the countries' education system. For English teaching, vocabulary is an essential component as it plays a significant role in learners' oral and written English proficiency. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the factors that affect English learners' vocabulary acquisition and provide effective strategies to enhance English learners' vocabulary through various approaches.Firstly, English language learners' diverse backgrounds influence their vocabulary acquisition. English learners' home language, age, and social backgrounds significantly influence their vocabulary acquisition. On this basis, vocabulary learning should be based on learners' diverse backgrounds and learning needs. The English teacher needs to understand eachstudent's background and tailor vocabulary learning to their level and interests to increase their motivation.Secondly, English learners' proficiency levels affect their vocabulary acquisition. Beginning-level students prefer learning vocabulary through pictures, while intermediate and advanced English learners rely more on context and use of English. Therefore, the teacher should make use of different vocabulary teaching strategies to suit learners' different proficiency levels.Thirdly, vocabulary learning is greatly affected by learning materials. Using insufficiently prepared or irrelevant teaching materials can make learners lose interest and decrease their motivation to learn. It is recommended that teachers choose and create appropriate learning materials which stimulate learners' interest, context, and relevance of the words.Finally, the teacher's proficiency level in English and teaching skills also play an essential role in English learners' vocabulary acquisition. Good teachers provide not only good learning materials but also creative teaching approaches to promote and facilitate students' vocabulary acquisition. They can integrate multimediaresources such as videos, games, and songs to make the class more enjoyable and interactive.There are various effective strategies to enhance English learners' vocabulary, such as memorization, context-building, and native speaker input. One of the highly recommended strategies is using context-based vocabulary learning. This method enables learners to learn new vocabulary in context through reading, writing, and listening. Through this technique, learners can get better insights into word meanings, usage, and spelling.Another effective strategy is using flashcards. Flashcards allow learners to associate new vocabulary words with pictures, associations, and translations. The use of flashcards in groups facilitates group learning and enhances communication.The third strategy is to use a variety of learning resources. There are diverse English learning resources available: online tools, mobile applications, English-language magazines, and newspapers. These resources are invaluable tools for independent language learning, which not only enhance learners' vocabulary but also promote listening and reading skills.In conclusion, vocabulary is a crucial aspect of proficiency in the English language. English learners' background, proficiency level, learning materials, and teaching skills all influence their vocabulary acquisition. However, using various effective strategies such as context-based learning, flashcards, and diverse learning resources can facilitate learning and promote English learners' vocabulary acquisition.。
毕业论文英语专业相关范文
毕业论文英语专业相关范文推荐文章商务英语论文相关范文热度：毕业论文英语翻译相关范例热度：毕业论文英语专业相关毕业范文热度：护理专业实习工作体会总结范文热度：最新护理专业毕业生自我鉴定热度：随着全球化进程的不断推进,英语在我们生活中的地位也越来越重要,但全面英语普及学习中,学术界方面对英语论文的要求也越来越高。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英语专业毕业论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!英语专业毕业论文篇1从高低语境文化视角解析汉英语篇结构差异的成因但语篇的结构不是随意组合的，是有条理、上下连贯、前后一致的有机的语言整体，有一定的规律可循。
常见的语篇结构有议论、描写、说明和叙事。
不管结构如何，较大的语篇都有，只是不同的语体的语篇通常用不同的结构形式表达开头、中间、结尾等部分。
汉英语篇结构存在很大的差异，本文从高低语境文化角度分析汉英语篇结构差异产生的原因。
一、汉英语篇组织结构对比对语篇差异的研究，一般认为起始于美国学者卡普兰(Kaplan)所开创的“对比修辞学”。
卡普兰认为，英语语篇的组织结构具有直线发展的特点，英语段落通常有主题句直截了当地点明段落的中心思想，以后各句进而将其充分展开、说明，最后收尾，汉语的语篇行文方式则往往是螺旋型的，对其主题不是直接陈述和论证，而是从不同方面迂回地进行阐述。
也就是汉语语篇属于“螺旋型”模式，英语语篇结构属于“直线型”模式。
斯考仑(Scollon)认为汉英语篇之间的差异在于分别倾向于采用“归纳式”和“演绎式”的话语模式。
归纳就是先提出次要论据，然后在推出主要论点。
说话者在得出某个特定结论之前要充分说明多方面的原因，并通过详述论据来试探听话者对话题的潜在接受程度，直到认为合适的时候方才引入话题。
演绎是先提出主要论点，然后接下去提出次要论点或支持论证，说话之初就引入话题，是为了使后面的一系列支撑性论据显现出清晰的关联性。
从上述观点可以看出，汉语语篇结构属于“归纳式”，类似于卡普兰的“螺旋形”模式;英语语篇结构属于“演绎式”，类似于卡普兰的“直线型”模式。
本科生英语专业毕业论文范文
本科生英语专业毕业论文范文本科生英语论文范文范文一：英语本科毕业论文The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'UrbervillesThesis statement:Everyone knows that Tess’s life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion.OutlineⅠ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'UrbervillesA. Women’s role in industrial movements during 19th century in EnglandB. A brief commentary of the novel1. the writer --Thomas hardy2. general introduction of the novelⅡ.Tess’s spirit of revolt all through her lifeA. Tess’s fight to the moribund society1. the moribund society2. Tess’s fight to the moribund societyB. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept1. the traditional moral concept2. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral conceptC. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion1.the hypocritical religion in that time2. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religionD. Tess’s resistance to the unfort unate marriage1.Tess’s unfortunate marriage2. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriageⅢ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance inimbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring.AbstractThis paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concen trates on :1 Tess’s fight to the moribund society. 2 Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept. 3 Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion. 4 Tess’sresistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals thatTess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life.key of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate内容提要本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。
英语专业本科毕业论文(跨文化交际类)
英语专业本科毕业论文（跨文化交际类）届毕业论文美国价值观与中国传统文化元素的融合与冲突——以动画片《花木兰》和《功夫熊猫》为例The Compatibility and Conflicts between American Values and Chinese Elements in Animated Movies Mulan and Kung Fu Panda院部外国语学院专业英语专业姓名班级学号指导教师完成时间:年月The Compatibility and Conflicts between American Values and Chinese Elements in Animated Movies Mulan and Kung Fu Pandabyauthor’s nameUnder the Supervision ofProfessor nameSchool of Foreign LanguagesSchool NameDateAcknowledgementsI wish to express my sincere gratitude to all the teachers of (school name) whose instructions and guidance have made my four years at this university a rewarding experience.My special gratitude goes to Professor John Doe, my supervisor, for the support and inspiration he gave me during the course of my thesis writing. Without his kind encouragement, sound advice and patient instruction, this thesis could not have been accomplished.My appreciation also goes to my classmates who have accompanied me through my four-year education. I wish to thank them for incessant care and encouragement. I am likewise indebted to all my friends whose warm encouragement and caring comfort meant a lot to me when my confidence in fulfilling this thesis almost shattered.My parents, who have been an unfailing source of support and encouragement，especially in time of difficulty and frustration，deservesmy whole-hearted thanks. I wish to dedicate this thesis to my family for their love and support.The Compatibility and Conflicts between American Valuesand Chinese Elements in Animated Movies Mulan andKung Fu PandaAbstractMulan and Kung Fu Panda are two animated films produced byAmerican Hollywood industry in 1998 and 2008 respectively. With the cultural background and characters originating in ancient China, the films present a fascinating audio-visual world to the audience in which the compatibility and conflicts of the American values and Chinese traditional elements exist simultaneously.The compatibility is a result of the ongoing cultural globalization while the conflicts arise as a sign that there are still some irreplaceable peculiarities of Chinese traditional culture.In terms of cross-culture study, the attitude of American film makers towards Chinese culture is worthy of our penetrating thinking. Besides, how should Chinese deal with the products that contains Chinese traditional element but are produced by foreigners also needs our discussion.Keywords: Mulan; Kung Fu Panda; American values; Chinese elements;compatibility; conflicts; cultural globalization; cross-cultureI美国价值观与中国传统文化元素的融合与冲突——以动画片《花木兰》和《功夫熊猫》为例摘要美国好莱坞的迪斯尼公司和梦工厂公司分别于1998年和2008年制作了两部动画巨片——《花木兰》和《功夫熊猫》。
英语专业毕业论文范文(仅供参考)
英语专业毕业论文范文（仅供参考）A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH OF --------------------UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS BY ---------------------------- CLASS: 3 GRADE: 2002 SUPERVISED BY --------------------------- June 2006 Contents Chapter One: Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne…………………………………...P1 Chapter Tw Depravity---the Origin of the Scarlet Letter…………………………..P2 Chapter Three: Hester Prynne’s Resurrection --- From Suffering and Redemption to Salvation……………………………………………………………………………...P5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….P10 References…………………………………………………………………………..P11 Hester Prynne---Resurrection Abstract: The Scarlet Letter makes the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. Hawthorne is a pious Christian, and is deeply influenced by the theology. He’s so much indulged in the religious doctrine that people can find the reflection of the God almost everywhere in his works. After reading The Scarlet Letter, one is mostly impressed by the spirit of The Bible the story depicted. The book chiefly discusses sin and how to atone for it. Hester Prynne is the heroine of the fiction. This paper researches her fate to illustrate the influence of The Bible to Hawthorne. Hester Prynne commits adultery an d is forced to wear a scarlet letter “A” on her breast. At the beginning, she encounters all kinds of sufferings, both from the society and from her own soul. However, she realizes her sin and tries her best to atone for it. And she dose not choose to avoid her fault. Finally, through her endeavor, God forgives her. In short, sin and atoning for sin, that is the purpose of this paper. Keywords: The Scarlet Letter., Hester Prynne, The Bible, sin and atonement. 摘要：《红字》使美国作家纳撒尼尔霍桑誉满全球。
毕业论文英文专业毕业范文
毕业论文英文专业毕业范文英语是目前世界上流行最广的语言，并且正在成为一种全球性语言。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于毕业论文英文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业论文英文篇1浅议美式英语与英式英语的不同摘要：如今，英语可说是已经变成一种世界性的语言。
对中国学生而言，几乎一开始接触学习的就是英国英语。
然而，由于美国在全球经济的地位与日俱增，导致其语言发音也深入人心，因此我们不得不每天听到一些美式发音的英语，这就造成了我们学习者在学习英语的时候美英发音鱼龙混杂的局面。
不知道自己说或听到的英语到底是接近美式发音还是英式发音。
本文将对“美国普通话” (General American,简称GA)与标准英国发音(Received Pronunciation，简称为RP)进行比较。
对美国英语与英国英语发音的特征作一简要的区分关键词：GA RP 区别差异引言英语真正成为英国人的语言，至今只有三百多年的历史。
接触过英语的人皆知，英语是源于英国的语言，它不只是英国本国的语言，也是各个英语系国家的语言。
这些包括美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、纽西兰等。
在一般人的观念里英国是一个很严谨的国家。
英国人似乎在穿着上，用餐的礼仪上，工作的时候都很严谨，也较有规律。
也因此，大众对英国的语言也有相同的观念，觉得英式英语是一种严谨的语言。
而美国是由英国移民所组成的一个国家，它的建国时间较短，因此，在人们的印象中，美国和英国有着大大的不同。
美国人较热情，做任何事情随心所欲，所以美国人在说话时也应是如此。
在美国的英语中，有许多很口语化的方言和俗语。
英国人和美国人所使用的英语都遵循既定的规则，但随着社会潮流的进步及改变，无论是在英国或是美国，人们所使用的英语也都一直在改变。
只是在大众的感觉里，美国英语改变的速度似乎比英国英语还要来的快。
但事实上，学者们的研究却认为美式英语在某些层面上比英式英语还要守旧。
此外，学者们也认为造成两者差异最大的原因是因为自然环境的不同。
本科英语专业毕业论文
本科英语专业毕业论文浅析商务英语教学中计算机网络利弊摘要：本文通过分析计算机网络在商务英语中的利与弊，探讨计算机网络在商务英语教学中的作用，指出随着信息技术的发展，计算机网络的作用早已远远超出其辅助功能。
培养复合型涉外商务英语人才，应打破传统的商务英语教学模式，建立新的以学生为中心的教学模式，强调商务环境下的语言训练。
同时，学生不仅要掌握商务英语知识和技能，也要掌握计算机方面的知识和技能。
关键词：商务英语教学;计算机辅助;教学模式随着全球经济一体化和我国对外经贸的迅速发展，社会需要越来越多既懂英语，又懂商务的高素质复合型人才。
在培养复合型涉外商务英语人才的过程中，商务英语起到了重要作用。
通过商务英语教学，一方面，学生可以掌握国际贸易主要术语和必要的商务知识，熟悉经贸业务流程，提高听、说、读、写、译方面的基本能力;另一方面，学生还能掌握商务基本礼仪、经济、贸易等基础理论知识，提高跨文化交际能力，从而最终能够胜任用英语进行对外经贸活动的工作，成为复合型涉外商务英语人才。
一、计算机网络对商务英语教学环境的改善。
商务工作的过程实质上是一种交际过程。
商务英语的教学目标是培养在国际商务环境中用英语进行沟通的能力。
传统的商务英语教学环境基本上局限在教室和课本上，给学生提供的是零商务环境，导致学生在走上工作岗位时极有可能遭遇“环境休克”，难以将所学知识应用到实际工作中去。
计算机辅助语言学习 computer - assisted languagelearning在我国已经得到重视和应用，并使许多新的教育理念在英语教学中得以实现。
一计算机网络能够营造自主学习环境。
Henri Holec提出，学校应该设立两个教学目标：一是帮助学生获得语言和交际能力;二是帮助学生获得自主学习能力。
在商务英语教学过程中，计算机网络使学生能够利用多媒体课件和网络丰富的学习资源进行自学，而不受时间、地点的限制。
学生可以根据自身需求和兴趣爱好，自主选择学习内容，调控学习进度，探索学习方法，掌握与商务英语相关的经济、贸易、金融等知识，不断在自身原有经验的基础上建构其对新知识的理解并发展其认知结构。
四川外国语大学英语本科毕业论文标准格式--正文1
A Comparative Study of English Versions of Liu Zongyuan’sJiangxue—from the Perspective of “Three Beauties” PrincipleIntroductionWith its extremely terse and implicit characteristics, Classical Chinese poetry is an art of language and a golden heritage of Chinese literature to the world, which is also a fine integration of beauty in sense, sound and form. Liu Zongyuan, one of “Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties”, has made great contributions to Chinese poetry, one of which is Jiangxue, a five-character quatrain, honored as “the shortest Li Sao”. Jiangxue is a masterpiece bearing beauty in sense, sound and form so that it has appealed many excellent translators to reproduce the original beauty, among whom Xu Yuanchong, Zhao Zhentao, Witter Bynner, Wu Juntao are on the list of the most influential ones.It is widely believed that poetry translation is much more difficult than other common translations but less difficult than classical Chinese poetry translation.1Fortunately, with unremitting endeavor by many scholars, both at home and abroad, many practical translation theories are put forward. One of them is the well-known “Three Beauties” principle—beauty in sense, sound and form, one of the most widely accepted and admired translation principles, which is proposed by Professor Xu Yuanchong, an outstanding and prolific translator.By the way, all the references I collected mainly analyze different English versions of Jiangxue from the perspective of “Three Beauties” principle to highlight this positive translationmethod. But what’s well worth my mentioning is that there are few papers studying this topic in English and the analysis of the different English versions of Jiangxue in my thesis is more comprehensive and persuasive.This thesis is to prove that, by studying different English versions of Jiangxue, Xu Yuanchong’s translation based on his “Three Beauties” principle , aiming to maximize the reproduction of the original beauty in sense, sound and form, has provided a fine manifest for a better understanding of the principle itself, a good source of reference to the analysis and appreciation of other translation works as well as a beacon to a better command of this principle and an advanced level of classical Chinese poetry translation.This thesis is composed of three parts, excluding introduction and conclusion. Part one is a theoretical exploration of Xu Yuanchong’s “Three Beauties” principle. Part two includes a brief introduction to Liu Z ongyuan’s life experiences, the analysis and appreciation of Jiangxue, and the key and difficult points in translating Jiangxue. Part three first presents the demerits and merits of the English versions in reproducing the original beauty in from, in light of the punctuations, the choice of words and the degree of the antithesis; and then it focused on the reproduction of original beauty in sound by analyzing the rhythm and rhyme; and finally it reveals how to reproduce the original beauty in sense in each version in terms of their translations of the original title and main poetic images based on the “Three Beauties” principle.I. A Theoretical Exploration of Xu Yuanchong’s“Three Beauties” PrincipleProfessor Xu Yuanchong, proclaimed as the only expert in the world who can translate Chinese poetry into both English and French version, has made great contribution to the field of translation. The “Three Beauties” principle, a perfect integration of beauty in form, sound, and sense, is a representative one of his brilliant achievements, which is well worth studying for a long time. Not only is this principle a beacon to translators in the domain of Chinese-to-English poetry translation, but also it paves the way for spreading our classical literature to foreign countries.A. The Source of “Three Beauties” PrincipleThe “Three Beauties” principle of tra nslating derives from an idea of Lu Xun. In his work Outline of History of Chinese Literature, Lu Xun first proposed a “Three Beauties” principle, which aimedto choose the best Chinese characters in writing. He says, “When it comes to literary work, its content embraces three beauties: namely, beauty in sense to touch readers’ hearts, this is the first point; beauty in sound to stimulate readers’ ears, this is the sec ond point; beauty in form to affect readers’ eyes, this is the third point.”2Professor Xu applied this principle to the Chinese classical poetry translation. The “Three Beauties” principle, put forward by Xu for the first time, appears in the preface of the Chinese-to-English and the Chinese-to-French versions of The 42 Collections of Chairman Mao’s Poetry. Later on, he threw a brighter light upon this principle in The Art of Translation: “The art of translation is to reproduce the original content and meaning through the form of the translation on the basis of comprehension of the original content through its form. This reproduction is absolutely not a mechanical word-for-word translation, but a recreation of the beauty in sense of the original text. In the process of poetry translation, translators should also reproduce the beauty in sound and the beauty in form besides the beauty in sense of the original text.” In addition, Professor Xu has published A New Translation of Three Hundred Tang Poems and versions of other classical Chinese poetry, in which this principle is embodied completely.B. The Essence of “Three Beauties” PrincipleForm what has been mentioned above, it’s known that the “Three Beauties” principle refers to the reproduction of the original beauty in sense, sound and form in translation. Nevertheless, not all the beauties are equally significant. As Professor Xu put it,beauty in sound is more important than beauty in form but less important than beauty in sense.3 That is, although all the three beauties are desirable, we’d better give priority to reproducing the original beauty in sense, then convey the beauty in sound as much as possible and take the beauty in form into the final consideration if we cannot realize all the three beauties in translation.Beauty in sense aims at reproducing the literal meaning and the artistic conception of the original content accurately. More specifically, there is no need to translate all the images in the original content but an emphasis on moving the readers by suggesting the same picture as the original one does. The method to achieve this goal is somewhat kind of free translation but more demanding than it. A case in point is “欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
毕业论文英语范文
毕业论文英语范文毕业论文英语范文IntroductionWriting a graduation thesis is an essential part of completing one's academic journey. It is a culmination of years of learning and research, showcasing the knowledge and skills acquired during the course of study. In this article, we will explore the structure and content of a graduation thesis, providing a comprehensive example.Thesis StatementThe thesis statement is the central argument or main idea of the research paper. It serves as a guide for the entire thesis, directing the research and analysis. For instance, the thesis statement for a thesis on the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships could be: "The advent of social media has revolutionized the way people communicate, leading to both positive and negative consequences on interpersonal relationships."Literature ReviewThe literature review section of a thesis provides an overview of the existing research and scholarly articles related to the chosen topic. It demonstrates the understanding of the existing knowledge and identifies any gaps that the thesis aims to fill. In the case of our example thesis, the literature review would explore studies on the effects of social media on communication patterns, relationship satisfaction, and psychological well-being.MethodologyThe methodology section outlines the research design and methods employed to collect and analyze data. It explains how the research question will be answered and the validity of the findings. In our example thesis, the methodology could include surveys, interviews, and content analysis of social media posts. It would also discuss the ethical considerations and limitations of the chosen methods.Results and AnalysisThe results and analysis section presents the findings of the research and interprets them in relation to the thesis statement. It includes statistical data, quotes from interviews, and examples from the content analysis. In our example thesis, this section would discuss the impact of social media on communication patterns, such as increased frequency but decreased depth of interactions. It would also explore the effects on relationship satisfaction, such as jealousy and comparison with others.DiscussionThe discussion section provides an opportunity to delve deeper into the implications of the findings and their significance in the broader context. It connects the research to existing theories and offers explanations for the observed outcomes. In our example thesis, the discussion could explore the role of social media in shaping self-perception and the need for validation. It could also discuss potential interventions to mitigate the negative effects and promotehealthier interpersonal relationships.ConclusionThe conclusion summarizes the key findings and their implications, restating the thesis statement and highlighting the contributions of the research. It offers suggestions for further research and emphasizes the importance of the topic. In our example thesis, the conclusion would emphasize the need for a balanced approach to social media usage and the importance of fostering offline connections.ConclusionWriting a graduation thesis is a demanding but rewarding endeavor. It requires careful planning, extensive research, and critical thinking. The structure outlined in this article provides a framework for organizing the content of a thesis, ensuring coherence and logical progression. By following this structure and incorporating one's unique research findings, students can produce a high-quality graduation thesis that contributes to the body of knowledge in their field.。
英语专业本科毕业论文格式标准范文
附件2A FOLLOW-UP STUDY ON TRANSFERRED TEACHERS’ ENGLISHPRONUNCIATION—A Case in GuangdongA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTSByJACKIE LAMSupervised byProf. Noble HofmannSOUTH CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY，GUANGZHOU，P。
R. CHINAJUNE, 2006ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe completion of this study could never have been possible without the assistance of many people related。
First and foremost，I would like to show my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor，Professor XXX。
Knowledgeable and responsible，Prof. X provided me with valuable guidance and support in every stage of writing this thesis。
He made well—informed and enlightening comments on the organization of the chapters, took pains to go through in great detail every draft of the thesis.Thanks are due to Associate Professor XX，Miss YY and Miss PP, who helped me a lot in collecting data.I would like to express my great gratitude to my classmate FFF, and my dear Australian teacher KK, who have been of great help in analyzing the data. They have been very patient and responsible throughout the whole work。
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毕业综合实训（毕业设计）指导书2012.10[建筑施工技术专业（专科）适用]一、毕业设计的指导思想根据泉州华光摄影艺术职业学院建筑工程技术学院建筑施工技术专业（专科）教学计划的要求，为培养良好的工程素质和较强的岗位技能，获得建设行业工程师基本素质和实际工作能力的训练，能进行建设项目的可行性研究、建筑结构设计，建筑工程预决算、施工组织设计等，面向建筑企业和社会企、事业单位工程管理部门的高等应用型专门人才。
二、毕业设计的目的和要求通过毕业设计，使学生在建设项目结构设计、造价确定和控制的实践过程中，学习和理解本专业所学的各科知识，培养学生综合运用理论知识和专业技能的能力，学会分析和解决在工程中的实际问题，并熟悉其工作程序和施工方法；为今后走上工作岗位打下扎实的基础。
三、毕业设计事项1．准备阶段包括：了解毕业设计的要求，认真阅读毕业设计指导书的内容、调查了解相关的资料；收集相关的工具书。
包括：结构设计规范、施工规范、工程量清单计价规范、标准图集、相关的造价文件和有关材料的市场价格等。
2、毕业设计时间毕业综合设计的时间一般为60天；学生应该按毕业任务书的安排；在规定的时间内完成毕业设计任务，由毕业设计指导教师集中进行指导、检查和答疑。
对部分不能集中进行毕业设计的学生，可以通过电话或者E-mail方式和指导教师进行交互式指导。
为培养建设行业的高等应用型专门人才尽职尽力。
3、成果鉴定（1）上交内容：A、一份内容完整、格式规范的结构设计文件，B、一份内容完整、格式规范的土建、安装工程的预算书，C、一份完整的工程施工组织设计；这三部分内容分三份上交，需要有三个封面，每位学生必须上交这3部分毕业设计内容，否则不能毕业。
（2）考核比重：A、结构设计占55%，施工组织设计占25%、工程预算占20%，毕业设计的总成绩由这三部分成绩的综合得分，最终成绩分五个等级，分别为：100-90分，优秀；90-80分，良好；80-70分，中等；70-60分，及格；60以下，不及格；B、1）旷课超过1/3者，无毕业设计成绩；2）平时成绩占35%，设计成果占65%，其中图纸占设计成果的45%，计算书占设计成果的55%；四、毕业设计主要内容（第一部分：框架结构设计）一、设计题目：(1)中学教学楼设计；（2）住宅单体设计；（3）小型宾馆设计(4)别墅设计（5）小型商业楼设计（6）中学办公楼设计二、设计要求（一）学生可自行选择设计题目.（二）建筑设计要求1、建筑概况：拟在泉州市区新建一栋建筑物，场地面积为90m×50m，建筑需满足基本的功能要求。
2. 设计内容与要求：（1）总建筑面积：2000㎡左右建筑层数：3~4层（2）建筑设计部分1）建筑设计说明书：内容为设计依据，设计意图及消防疏散，结构布置，采光通风，平面布置，立面造型等一系列问题的考虑。
2）建筑设计部分完成的图：内容参考比例要求底层平面 1：100～150 三道尺寸线，轴线，标高等楼层平面 1：100～150 与底层吻合，标准可适当简化正立面、侧立面 1：100～150 轮廓清晰美观，可标注标高及两端轴线屋顶平面 1：100～150 表示屋面排水组织示意主剖面图一个 1：50～100 三道尺寸线及有关标高，轴间尺寸等楼梯平面、剖面图 1：50 尺寸线及有关标高，轴间尺寸等门窗表、施工说明类别，编号，洞口尺寸，数量等（三）结构设计要求1、根据建筑设计、材料供应和技术条件，合理确定结构方案布置。
结构布置要求：适用、合理、规则、经济，并满足抗震设计一般要求和抗震构造措施。
结构形式：钢筋混凝土框架结构2、结构计算内容：1）在主体建筑部分选取代表性框架及其柱下基础进行计算。
荷载包括恒荷载、活荷载、风荷载及水平地震作用；内力分析包括在竖向荷载作用和水平荷载作用下的弯矩、剪力、轴力计算，并绘制出相应的弯矩图、剪力轴力图及轴力图；截面计算应采用考虑不同荷载组合下在截面产生的最不利组合值，并依此进行配筋计算，配筋应同时满足承载及构造要求，构造配筋内容依据应体现在计算书上。
2）现浇混凝土楼盖设计，包括楼板配筋计算、主次梁截面配筋计算；三、设计资料（一） 地质水文及风压资料1） 场地位于泉州市区，抗震设防按国家设防标准。
2） 基本风压：w 0=0.65；主导风向为东南风。
地面粗糙度类别为B 类。
3） 场地地层剖面图如图1所示，稳定地下水位深度为2m 。
综合评价，场地类别为二类。
（二） 设计依据《建筑结构荷载规范》GB50009-2001（2006版）《混凝土结构设计规范》GB50010-2002《砌体结构设计规范》GB50003-2001《建筑结构抗震设计规范》GB50011-2001（2008版）0.5m2.5m 2m 1.5m杂填土 粉质黏土 淤泥质土 γ=17kN/m 3 γ=18kN/m 3f ak =150kPaγ=17kN/m 3f ak =60kPa图1 场地土层资料剖面图《建筑地基基础设计规范》GB50007-2002《建筑结构制图标准》GB/T50105-2001（三）其它参考资料《建筑结构》（第三版），张学宏主编，中国建筑工业出版社；《建筑结构抗震构造设计》，李九宏主编，武汉理工大学出版社等。
四、完成后应交的内容（一）计算书一份包括：1）建筑设计说明，结构设计说明等；2）结构平面布置图（标准轴线、尺寸线、编号、标高等）；3）一榀框架的荷载计算、内力计算及截面设计（绘出弯矩图、剪力图及轴力图）；4）标准层楼板设计及计算，绘出计算简图、配筋计算、说明构造配筋的设置；5）现浇板式楼梯设计及计算，包括梯段板、平台板、平台梁计算；6）一榀框架柱下独立基础设计。
7）结语、参考文献（二）图纸建筑施工图：前面已经说明。
结构施工图：1）结构设计总说明；2）基础平面布置图、基础配筋详图；3）标准层结构平面布置及楼板配筋图；4）包含楼板、主次梁的配筋图，主次梁配筋详图。
（要求必须手绘，描图、打印无效）5）一榀框架梁柱及节点配筋图； 6）楼梯剖面配筋图。
图纸要求：使用AUTOCAD制图（注明手绘除外），统一采用2#硫酸纸打印，标题栏按统一格式，计算书全部用标准课设纸手抄。
另，可根据实际情况增加图纸数量。
计算书、建筑施工图、结构施工图，三者装订成册，格式统一。
五、进度安排：指导老师可根据学生实际情况适当调整进度（1至2天偏差），保证质量的同时保证进度，应每周检查班级每个学生进度。
时间进度安排（第二部分：施工图预算设计指导）1、施工图预算的编制依据（1）完整施工图：建筑施工图、结构施工图，安装平面图及系统图以及相关的标准图集等；（2）《建设工程工程量清单计价规范（2008版）》、《福建省建筑和装饰工程消耗量定额（上下册）》、《全国统一安装工程预算定额》及补充定额、定额补充解释等；（3）常用的各种数据、计算公式、各类常用标准图集及各种工具书等。
2、施工图预算的编制原则（1）必须实事求是的计算工程量及工程造价，做到既不高估、冒算，又不漏算、少算；（2）必须充分了解工程情况及施工工艺，做到工程量计算准确，定额套用合理；（3）必须认真执行国家及各省、市、地区的各项现行规范、政策，及各项具体规定和有关调整变更通知。
3、施工图预算的编制步骤和方法（1）熟悉施工图纸施工图纸是编制预算的基本依据。
只有对设计图纸较全面详细地了解之后，才能结合预算定额项目划分，正确而全面地分析该工程中各分部分项的工程项目，才可能有步骤地按照既定的工程项目计算其工程量并正确地计算出工程造价。
（2）了解现场情况和施工组织设计资料及有关技术规范应全面了解现场的地质条件、施工条件、施工方法、技术规范要求、技术组织措施、施工设备、材料供应等情况，并通过踏勘施工现场补充有关资料。
（3）熟悉预算定额预算定额是编制工程施工图预算的主要依据。
只有对预算定额的形式、使用方法和包括的工作内容有了较明确的了解，才能结合施工图纸，迅速而准确地确定其相应的工程项目和工程量计算。
（4）列出工程项目在熟悉图纸和预算定额的基础上，根据定额的项目划分、工程量清单，列出所需计算的分部分项工程项目名称。
（5）计算工程量工程量计算是编制施工图预算的原始计算数据，要求“不重不漏”，即不重项不漏项、不重算不漏算。
计算工程量要严格按照工程量计算规则的规定进行计算，特别注意应该扣除和不应该扣除、应该增加和不应该增加的相关规定。
同时还要按照一定的计算顺序进行，即“先基础、后主体、再装饰;装饰工程先外后内;同一项目内容自下而上顺序计算;同一张图纸先上后下、先左后右顺序计算;需要重复利用的数据先行计算;先整体、后扣除、再增加”等，从而避免和防止“重”、“漏”现象的产生，同时也便于校对和审核。
（第三部分：施工组织设计指导）1、施工组织设计编制程序（1）根据工程施工图、单位工程施工条件计算工程量（2）根据工程确定的施工方法及工程量计算结果计算工程施工图预算（3）编制施工进度计划，并做好资源供应计划（4）根据确定的施工方案，做好工程平面布置图（5）确定主要技术措施、主要技术经济指标2、施工组织设计额内容包括以下几个主要方面内容：（1）施工项目的工程概况（2）施工部署或施工方案的选择（3）施工准备工作计划（4）施工进度计划（5）各种资源需要量计划（主要是劳动力需要量）（6）施工现场平面布置图（7）质量、安全和节约等技术组织保证措施（8）各项主要技术经济指标（9）结束语五、毕业设计总进度控制：10周~17周毕业设计总进度安排六、毕业设计的成绩评定毕业综合设计答辩小组根据学生的完成毕业综合设计和毕业答辩情况，按照下列的标准评定学生的毕业设计成绩（比例控制：优：10%～15%；良：20%～30%；中：30%～40%；及格或不及格：10%～20%）：（1）优：按期圆满完成毕业综合实训指导书规定的任务；能熟练地综合运用所学理论和专业知识；计算、分析结果正确、严密，报价合理；独立工作能力较强，科学作风严谨；完成的综合设计资料条理清楚，论述充分，文字通顺，符合技术用语要求，符号统一，编号齐全，书写工整。
（2）良：按期圆满完成毕业综合实训指导书规定的任务：能较好地运用所学的理论和专业知识；计算、分析结果正确，报价合理；有一定的独立工作能力，科学作风良好；有一定的水平。
完成的综合设计资料条理清楚，论述正确，文字通顺，符合技术用语要求，书写工整。
投标书完备、整洁、正确。
答辩时，思路清晰，论点基本正确，能正确地回答主要问题。
（3）中：按期圆满完成毕业综合实训指导书规定的任务；在运用所学的理论和专业知识上基本正确，但在非主要内容上有欠缺和不足；立论正确，计算、分析基本正确；有一定的独立工作能力：完成的综合设计资料水平一般。
说明书文理通顺，但论述有个别错误（或表达不清楚），书写不够工整。