2016年 高中英语名词讲解

绝对不可数n. fun, housework, homework, advice, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, machinery等
A (1)Tables are made of ____. A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods B (2)Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices D (3)He gained his ______by printing ___of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
4. The young dancers looked so charming in
their beautiful clothes that we took B. masses of
D. a large amount of
______pictures of them. B
A. many of
C. the number of
不可数n.与可数n.的转化 表示种类： fruit, fish等 The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. There are various fishes in the pool. 表示具体的事物： success, failure, pleasure, honour, knowledge, surprise等 表示―一场/一段/一件......‖ A heavy snow is falling. It's a timely rain. 表示―一杯/罐/瓶‖的tea, coffee, beer, sugar, hair等 two teas, three beers 表示不同意思时：paper 纸(u); 论文；试卷(c) room 空间，余地（u）; 房间 （c）
Abstract Nouns （抽象名词 ） Material Nouns （物质名词 ）
二、数(Number)
1.规则名词单复数变化: （1）一般的词，直接在词尾加－s book→books
A: Singular number (单数) B: Plural number (复数)
mouth→mouths house→houses
妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷遇见发了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮月光。
wife→wives knife→knives wolf→wolves thief→thieves shelf→shelves self→selves life→lives half→halves leaf→leaves 其他情况：roof→roofs belief→belifs
名词
考点分析
名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、
名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名
词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的 量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
知识要点
一、分类
A:专有名词 B:普通名词 Countable nouns (可数名词) Individual Nouns （个体名词） Collective Nouns （集体名词 ） Uncountable nouns (不可数名词)
a friend of my father’s; a book of Tom’s
4.表示“某人自己的”的属格: 用of one’s own表示，不可用of＋反身代词。 例如：This is the house of
my own.
1.The village is far away from here indeed. It’s ______walk. D A. a four hour B. a four hour’s C. a four-hours D. a four hours’
修饰可数名词的词： many, many a(n) , a great/good many, a few/few, a ( great/large) number of
修饰不可数名词的词： much, a little/little, a great deal of, a large/great amount of 既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词的 词： a lot of = lots of a large quantity of = large quantities of plenty of masses of
(6) 有没有s结尾意义不同：
glass –glasses, cloth –clothes, work –works, sand –sands, water –waters, wood –woods, good–goods, time –times(时代), paper –papers(论文), green –greens(青菜), custom –customs(海关), spirit –spirits(酒精,情 绪 ), light –lights(灯), experience –experiences(经 历 ),
D 2.He dropped the ________and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
girl→girls
（2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的词在词尾加－es
glass→glasses box→boxes match→mathces
brush→brushes
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加－es
country→countries party→parties
（4）以f或fe结尾的词，应变f或fe为v再 加-es
(1)集体名词只用作复数：
police, cattle, people, poultry, the youth
(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词:
clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage), wealth
(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：
family, class, population, staff, crew, couple, public, group, team, audience
5. We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in
our new apartment. We need to buy ______ D B. many C. little D. some
more furniture.
A. any
6. I hear_______ boys in your school like B playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little 7. We always keep ________ spare paper, c in case we ran out. A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many
(4) 只有复数形式的名词:
clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, resources
(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数:
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, news,woods(森林), works(工厂)
然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、
海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也 可以用～’s属格。如：today’s newspaper;
the city’s transportation
① 一般的名词，包括不以s结尾的复数名词， 在词后加’s。如：the children’s book ② 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加～’。 如：the teachers’ office ③ 以s结尾的专有名词的所有格，既可加～’s 也可加～’。如：Engels’（s）letter ④ 两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用 所有格形式，如:Tom and Mike’s room 若表示分别拥有时，则要在每个名词后用 所有格形式，如:Tom’s and Mike’s rooms
2. 不规则名词单复数变化:
（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species,
species, aircraft, Swiss spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, （2）改变字母： foot --feet, tooth --teeth, goose --geese, mouse --mice , phenomenon
另： penny （pence或 pennies） （3）增加字母: child --children, ox --oxen （4）合成名词: 若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；
若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数
passer-by→passers-by
grown-up→grown-ups
3. 名词单复数的特殊情况