语法查漏7—定语从句(教师版)
2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版)：定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句 放在先行词的后面。
考点精讲一——关系代词引导的定语从句
情景导入
A real friend is someone who① walks in when the rest of the world walk out.A real friend is someone whose② support we can count on.A real friend is someone who① sees our true self ， not just the face who/whom/that③ we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends who/whom/that③ we love.
4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
关系词
位置不同
表意不同
既可以放在主句前，也 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动
as 可以放在主句后，有时 词多用see，know，expect，say，
还可插入主句中
mention，report等
which 通常放在主句之后
《定语从句》 讲义
《定语从句》讲义一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种在英语中非常常见且重要的语法结构。
它在句子中充当定语，用来修饰一个名词或代词，使其含义更加明确和丰富。
简单来说，定语从句就是一个句子，放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，起到描述和限定的作用。
通过定语从句，我们能够更详细、更准确地表达我们想要表达的意思。
比如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the book”，让我们清楚知道是哪一本书有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
常见的关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose。
常见的关系副词有：when、where、why。
关系词在定语从句中不仅起到引导的作用，还在从句中充当一定的成分。
例如，在“The man who is standing there is my teacher”这个句子中，“who”是关系代词，在从句“who is standing there”中作主语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物，但在一些情况下，只能用 that 不能用 which。
当先行词是不定代词（如 all、anything、nothing 等）、先行词被最高级、序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物时，通常用 that 而不用 which。
例如：All that glitters is not gold（发光的未必都是金子。
）This is the first book that I have read（这是我读过的第一本书。
）The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned（掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。
定语从句-关系副词(教师版)-2020年高考英语语法从句专项训练
关系副词常见的关系副词关系副词先行词句中成分例句when时间状语There are occasions when（on which（one must yield.where地点状语Beijing is the place where（in which（I was born.why理由状语Is this the reason why（for which（he refused our offer?切记：没有how和whataffected us a lot?1)Do you remember the days we spent together?we stayed together?effect is still existing?答案：which/that; which/that; when; whosewas built twenty years ago ?2)Do you remember the farm we visited together?we stayed together?products are sold all over the word?答案：which/that; which/that; where; whose即学即练caused his sickness?3)Do you believe the reason he gave to us yesterday?he did not come to school yesterday?答案：which/that; which/that; whyhe talks with his parents?4)I don’t like the way he told us yesterday?leads to our city?答案：which/that; which/that; that常考易错点1．介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句介词置于从句句首:从句常由介词＋关系代词whom, which引导。
《定语从句语法》PPT课件
A. these B. those C. that D. which
4.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her
heart into her mouth.
A. It
B. which C. this D. that
16
5 ①He still lives in the rooChina.
A.works
B.is working
C.are working D.has been working
Tom is the only one of the students who_ _ C_ to Shanghai.
A. have gone B. have been
10
Without friendship, one can't be happy
although he is rich enough. As for me, I
will never forget the days __ I spent with my dearest friend. [哈尔滨市]
A. that
C.has been D.had gone
• 19
谢谢观赏~~~
20
faces to the east.
② He still lives in the room _A___ is in the
north of the city.
③ He still lives in the room C__ there is a
beautiful table.
A .which
B. whose
13
定语从句讲解(完整版)
定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构，用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中，定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面，我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词，即被修饰的名词或代词；关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来；从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词：先行词通常是名词或代词，它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如：The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）2. 关系词：关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）3. 从句：从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如：那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用，即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT)
1).That’s all that I know.I can do for you?
小结： 1).that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语， 不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
2).which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作 宾语，可以省略. 3).who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语
可以省略,（常用whom）
注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语 从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：
1.关系代词that, which引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系 代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语)
which / that 作主语. (不能省)
This is a dream. The dream will never come true. This is a dream which/that will never come true. （作主语） The dog has been found. The dog was lost. The dog that/which was lost has been found.
The boy who/that broke the window is called Roy.
who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略) The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now. The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语） Practise: 1. The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night.
2020届高三语法复习：定语从句(教师版)
2020届高三语法专题复习一：定语从句Ⅰ.定语从句中关系词的选定：方法：确定先行词，并根据它在从句中所充当的成份来选择关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose 或关系副词when,where,why如：(1)The exact year that/which Angela and her family spent together in Paris was2010.(2)I am looking forward to the day when my son can understand my affection for him.(3)Maria settled down in Paris in1998,where three years later,she received her doctor’s degree.(1)Is this factory D you visited last Friday?(2)Is this the factory A you visited last Friday?(3)Is this factory C/B you spent your last summer holidays?小提示：将疑问句转换为陈述句后再完成句子。
句型转变：This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house the window of which broke last night.=This is the house of which the window broke last night.对比填空：(1)No drug is free from risk,of which some might be rather serious or even deadly.(2)Last March,a nuclear disaster broke out in Japan,whose shadow was cast over U.S.energy policy.(3)On hearing the adjustment of educational policies,many netizens put up posts,78%of which conveyed the message of approval.注意：1.当先行词为way在从句中做状语时，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式：/;in which;that.2.当先行词为time(次数)并在从句中作状语，引导定语从句的关系词用that(可省略).3.引导定语从句的关系代词who,that,which在从句中作主语时，绝不能省略.4.当定语从句中先行词为case,point,atmosphere,situation,scene,activity,etc且在从句中充当状语，关系副词多用where；而先行词为occasion,times（时候），period,stay,etc则多用when.【题组训练】1.I do n’t like the way that/in which/he treats his parents.2.This is the second time that I have been here.3.Young adults realize what they learnt from the book can’t handle situations that/which appear in reality.4.We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.5.I can think of many cases that/which you know nothing about.6.There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives.7.We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.8.I have few occasions when I can stay with my wife and children.Ⅱ.关系代词that和which的用法1.限制性定语从句中，只用that不用which的情况：(1)先行词为不定代词anything,something,everything,nothing,the one,all,much,little等。
定语从句专项教师用
定语从句专项教师用复合句中，修饰某一名词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代名词称为先行句。
定语从句常由关系词来引导，关系次分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词和关系副词不但在句中引导定语从句，而且在定语从句中担任成分。
理清两种关系词：一. 关系代词I. 关系代词及其用法（1）who指人，常在句中作主语。
例如：The man is a policeman. He is shaking hands with my father. The man who is shaking hands with my father is policeman.（2）whom 也指人，在从句中作宾语，常常可以省略。
例如：The professor has gone to Shanghai. You wish to see him. The professor（whom）you wish to see has gone to Shanghai.（3）whose 通常即指人也指物，在从句总常常作定语即whose +n. =n. +of which/whom例1. I live in a room. Its windows face the south. I live in a room whose windows face the south=例2. This is the woman scientist. Her name is known all over the country.This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the countryThat tree, whose branches are are almost bare, is very old.（4）which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略例1.China is a country. It has a long history. .China is a country which has a long history.（5）that 既可以指人，又可以指物，，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语里可以省略例1：The woman used to live next door. She spike to me in the shop例2.There are some interesting TV plays. I’d like to see them注意：such......as......如此。
初中英语语法之——定语从句
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who， 如： / whohas a sense of duty won’t 1) Any man that __________ do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests___________ that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 (一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, 错 is very famous here. (___) 2)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (____) 对 2. 介词后不能用。 which get 1) We depend on the land from ______we our food. that/which 2) We depend on the land _____________we get our food from.
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： that they visited in London was The first place ______ the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film______ that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
合并为一个句子
2017宁夏教师资格考试：定语从句语法详解
2017宁夏教师资格考试：定语从句语法详解2017年02月17日13:40:41 来源：宁夏中公教育2017年教师资格考试进入黄金备考阶段，宁夏教师资格考试参加全国统一考试，考试科目比以前增加了许多，相对应的考试难度也有所增加，在这里中公教育专家整理了一些教师资格证相关的备考技巧分享给各位考生，希望对各位的考试能有所帮助。
需要更多指导，请选择在线咨询一对一解答。
中公教师网整理了定语从句语法详解，希望能够帮助考生备考教师资格英语学科考试，赢得高分。
一、定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。
定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。
eg: She is a beautiful girl. (形容词)I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. (形容词)(修饰不定代词的定语后置)He is an English teacher. (名词)(名词作定语时一般用单数，例外的有sports, 如 a sports star)I have a lot of work to do. (不定式)The book written by a schoolboy is very popular now. (过去分词短语)We can see the rising sun. (现在分词) = the sun is rising.He is in the reading room. (动名词) = the room for readingThe boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother. (从句)注意：1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面;但当形容词修饰的是something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, everybody, somewhere等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。
北师大版初一下英语常用语法知识——定语从句知识点总结(含答案解析)
一、选择题1．Tom gets to school early every day, so he is ___________ late for class.A．never B．sometimes C．usually A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：汤姆每天上学很早，所以上课从不迟到。
考查副词。
A. never从不；B. sometimes有时候；C. usually经常。
根据前文Tom gets to school early every day可知，汤姆经常早到学校，所以他上课从不迟到。
A选项符合句意，故选A。
【点睛】常见的频度副词有never（从不），seldom（很少），sometimes（有时），often（经常），usually（通常），always（总是）。
从100%（always）至0（never）可以这样排序：always（100%）＞usually（80%）＞often（60%）＞sometimes（40%）＞seldom（20%）＞never（0）2．—You’re going to Hong Kong. What are you doing_______?—I’m going sightseeing. It will be ________time in Hong Kong.A．to there; the first B．there; my firstC．in there; my first D．there; my the first B解析：B【解析】【详解】句意：——你打算去香港。
你在那里做什么？——我去观光。
这是我第一次去香港。
考查介词辨析及序数词。
there那儿，那里，是一个副词，前面不需要加介词，故排除A和C；first是序数词，“第一”，前面须加限定词，my和the都是限定词，两者选其一即可，不能同时都使用。
故选B。
3．Tony ________ gets up early, so he is never late ________school.A．never; for B．never; toC．always; for D．always; to C解析：C【解析】【详解】句意：托尼总是很早起床，所以他从不上学迟到。
(完整版)定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一．定语从句的概述：1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语，从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词，who broke the window是限制性定语从句，明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句：是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子，复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语，主句是复合句的主体，可以独立存在，从句需要有一个连词引导，是修饰说明主句的，不能独立存在，根据在句中的不同作用，从句可以分为三类：定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句。
二．引导定语从句的关系词有两大类：1. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which，as（主，宾，定）关系副词：when, where, why.（状语）2. 关系词的作用：（1）引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。
三．定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.限定性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。
Book7Unit4语法定语从句（教师版）
Book7Unit4语法定语从句（教师版）Revise the Attributive Clause例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.1. 主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句⼦的主句。
（例句中，This is the boy是主句）2. 定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的⼀个名词或代词，有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的⼀个定语。
（例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy）3. 先⾏词：被定语从句修饰的名词等，它⼀般出现在定语从句的前⾯。
（例句中，the boy是先⾏词）4. 关系词：关系词指⽤来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
（例句中，who是关系代词。
）关系词的三个作⽤：起着连接主句和从句的作⽤；在定语从句中充当⼀个句⼦成分；指代被修饰的先⾏词。
（例句中，who起着连接作⽤，作定语从句的主语，同时在意思上，指代的是前⾯的先⾏词the boy）在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语1. 指⼈时可以⽤who, 也可⽤thatDo you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle.2. 指物时可以⽤which, 也可⽤thatI like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday？3. whose作定语，可以指⼈也可以指物He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.4. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略（此语法卷中x表⽰省略）I like the meal that/which/x we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/x we talked about just now?5. 关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的⼈称和数必须与它所代替的词即先⾏词⼀致。
高三语法复习定语从句(教师版)
高三语法复习第3讲定语从句定语从句01.结构：先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句先行词一般为名词，代词，人称代词或者上文中的一件事情关系代词：that,which ,who, whom, as ,whose关系副词：when ,where ,why02做题方法1)先找到从句，从句的未知大致有两种主谓/系宾/ 表（宾，表为现行词）关系代词/关系副词+从句I never forget the day when we first met in the campus.主（主语为先行词）+关系代词/关系副词+从句+ 谓/系宾/ 表The man that I talked to in the elevator is my professor in the college.2)分析从句的成分，通过句子成分分析从句中缺主语，宾语，标语，选择that，which，who, whom,as ,从句中缺定语，选择whose（先行词与从句中名词构成所属关系）从句中缺状语，选择when，where ,why.3)根据先行词，判断关系词的选择。
1.Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.2.Do you know the boy(whom) we met at the gate?3.The exact year(which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.4.She is the pop star(that/who/whom) I want to see very much.Among the many dangers(which/that) sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.5.The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.6.It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.7.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.8.Students should involve themselves in community activities where/in which they can gain experience for growth.9.Tell me the reason why/for which you came late.03关系词的用法1）必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。
教师招聘高中英语“定语从句考查点归纳”(语法知识)
教师招聘高中英语“定语从句考查点归纳”（语法知识）【定语从句考查点归纳】定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年教师招聘考试的热点。
它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高考生的应变能力，现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下：一、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /【解析】答案是D.命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。
遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.A. whichB. thatC. /D. where【解析】正确答案是D.为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。
倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、拆分词组和固定搭配3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where【解析】正确答案分别是D和A.一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。
首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。
上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part (in)。
高考语法专题：三大从句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)((教师版)
高考语法专题：三大从句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）（教师版）一、名词性从句种类作用热身训练·先练后背主语从句在复合句中作主语，相当于名词，一般置于谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放在主句之后①__________he will come or not doesn’t mattermuch.②__________comes here will be welcome.③It is certain________he will come.答案①Whether②Whoever③that表语从句在复合句中作表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后④It looks________it is going to snow.答案as if宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，相当于名词⑤He asked me________team could win the game. 答案which同位语从句放在名词(news, problem, idea,suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等)之后，表明其具体内容⑥You have no idea________worried we are.⑦The fact________he lied again greatly surprised us.答案⑥how⑦that引导连词that 引导连词whether/if 连接代词what, who, whom, whose,which, whatever, whoever,whichever,whomever等连接副词where, when, why, how,whenever, wherever,however等主语从句不能省略that，不作成分，没有词义用whether，不用if。
不作成分，“是否”之意what, whatever, which,whichever用来指物，who,whom, whoever,whomever用来指人。
从句—定语从句(英语语法课件)
5.The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that 在从句中作宾语）
back from Paris tomorrow. I’m seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from Paris.
Double attributive clauses：
1.The cat killed the rat that ate the rice that lay in the house that Jack built.
is elder in charge. Unluckily, Daniel had an emergency
who
cost the dog
food money. When parents came back home, they found their room dirty
garbage was all over the place and the dog __w_h_i_c_h__ name was Spot looked tired and
《英语语法》
定语从句 Attributive Clause.
Please listen to the song and fill in the blanks.
Baby won't you tell me why there is sadness in your eye I don't wanna say goodbye to you. Love is one big illusion （that）I should try to forget but there is something （that） left in my head You're the one who set it up now you're the one to make it stop I'm the one whose feeling lost right now Now you want me to forget every little thing （that） you said but there is something （that） left in my head
2022年人教版高考英语语法复习 第7讲 定语从句
模块四五彩缤纷的从句:三大从句和特殊句式第7讲定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
考点一关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系代词先行词句法功能who 人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom 人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=of人或物定语whom/of which)that 人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which 物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语as 人或物主语、宾语、表语1. 限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
※If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it your way.※We cannot say that none that we saw on TV were true.(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
※ After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
※That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.※When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。
※My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
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Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __where__his employees enjoy their work.解析：本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。
将“in＋先行词atmosphere”还原回从句中成立，因此答案为where。
2．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time __when__he should be able to be independent.解析：分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为time。
定语从句为空格后句子，缺少时间状语，用when引导。
句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他应该能独立的时候。
3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon __which__ school education depends.解析：本句为定语从句。
引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。
4．It is a truly delightful place, __which__ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析：此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。
句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。
5．The books on the desk，__whose__covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，________和covers 之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。
句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
根据语境填whose。
6．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of __which__ were published in the 1990s.解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。
句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。
7．Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon，__which__calls for our great concern.解析：句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题。
我认为这是一个需要我们极大的关注的现象。
从句子结构分析可以看出，空白后面句子是一个非限制性定语从句，对前面句子进行补充说明。
8．The number of smokers，__as__is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.解析：此句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。
as意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报道的那样”。
句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了17%。
9．Some passers－by witnessed the car accident __where__ five passengers were killed, a baby included.解析：句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。
设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
10．“Spit－take” refers to an act __where__ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.解析：句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。
设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。
11．Cultural shock is a feeling __which/that__most travelers experience in a foreign country __where__ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.解析：句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。
分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为a feeling，且在从句中作experience的宾语，因此用which/that引导；第二空的先行词为a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
12．Tibet is such a place __as__ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.解析：句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。
定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，引导词应用关系代词as。
13．Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, __where__ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.解析：句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。
设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
14．In 2014, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China __as__ almost each person could benefit from in life.解析：句意为：在2014年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一个人都能从中受益。
先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from的宾语，因此用as引导。
15．We expect you to become someone of __whom__ we'll feel very proud in the future.解析：句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。
feel proud of 意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。
16．The movie Pompeii came out this February, __which__ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.解析：句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。
逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。
17．Anyone __who__ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.解析：句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。
设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。
18．Then he waved his hand in the direction from __which__ the woman had called.解析：句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。
设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，且在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。
19．Will you think of those individuals__who/that__ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life?解析：句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的individuals，故填who或that。
20．On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm __where__ we learnt to plant potatoes.解析：句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。
设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
Ⅱ. 语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There was a time __1. when__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason __2. why__ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, __3. where__ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide __4. whose__ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from __5. whom__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we gotalong well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6. that/which__ we did. My father and the guide __7. who/that__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into __8. which__ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through __9. which__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10. As__ our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.”Ⅲ. 单句改错1．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.答案与解析：it→which 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少指代前面这个句子内容的主语，所以要用which。