语法专题 第一讲名词和冠词

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高考英语一轮语法知识 名词和冠词

高考英语一轮语法知识  名词和冠词

专题一 名词和冠词(一)名词1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加 s 。

friend 朋友→friendsnation国家→nations(2) 词尾是 s ,x ,ch ,sh 时一般加es 。

知识点一 名词的数interest 兴趣→interests change 变化→changesmember 成员→members painting 油画→paintings bus 公共汽车→buses fox 狐狸→foxes coach 教练→coaches bush 灌木丛→bushes 注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加 s 。

(3) 词尾是辅音字母+y 时,变 y 为 i 再加 es 。

enemy 敌人→enemies hobby 业余爱好→hobbies difficulty 困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母+y 时,直接加 s 。

guy 家伙→guys key 钥匙→keys(4) 词尾是f 或fe 时,多将 f 或fe 变为 ves 。

shelf 架子→shelves knife 刀子→knives wolf 狼→wolves calf 牛犊→calves housewife 家庭主妇→housewives(5) 词尾是 o 的名词,有些直接加s ,有些加 es 。

piano 钢琴→pianos photo 相片→photos zoo 动物园→zoos bamboo 竹子→bamboos tomato 番茄→tomatoes potato 土豆→potatoes 实录:名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语,但不能作谓语。

1818 专题一名词和冠词第1 页(共8 页)小学数学资料群:271730239,小学奥数群:221739457,中考数学群:579251397,初中奥数学生群:253736211,初中奥数教练群112464128,中考物理群:227284641,初中物理竞赛群:271751304,中考化学名词单数变复数,直接加-s 占多数;s,x,z,ch,sh 来结尾,直接加上-es;词尾是f 或fe,加-s 之前先变ve;辅母+y 在词尾,把y 变i 再加-es;词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es 请记好,hero, tomato, potato。

2012届高三英语一轮复习语法精讲:专题1 冠词和名词(北师大版)

2012届高三英语一轮复习语法精讲:专题1 冠词和名词(北师大版)

专题一冠词和名词一、冠词一、概念冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。

英语中的冠词有两种,一种是定冠词the,另一种是不定冠词a和an。

二、用法1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源,是―一个‖的意思。

a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,而an 则用于以元音音素开头的单词前,均表示泛指。

(1)表示―一个‖,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr Ling is waiting for you.(2)代表一类人或物。

As a middle school student, I must put all my heart into my studies.Tom wants to buy an English-Chinese dictionary for his sister's birthday.(3)词组或短语。

a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry2.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有―那(这)个‖的意思,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。

Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.(2)上文提到过的人或事。

The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.(3)指世上独一物二的事物。

the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar―美元‖;the fox―狐狸‖。

与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人。

高考英语(外研版)大一轮复习课件语法专题+一、名词和冠词

高考英语(外研版)大一轮复习课件语法专题+一、名词和冠词
recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover→discovery发现
choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 -age -cy
-dom -ence -ness
-th
-y -ty -ity
例词 short→shortage不足;短缺 efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密 free→freedom自由;自主 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 careless→carelessness粗心大意 strong→strength力气;强项 warm→warmth温暖;热情 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴 safe→safety安全 disable→disability无能;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任
特别提示 ①当这些名词前有修饰语时,则要用不定冠词。如:a bright moon,a new
world。 ②有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词,如:space太空,
nature自然,man人类。 5.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前。如:in the east,in the
northwest,play the piano。 6.用于序数词和形容词最高级前面。

小学英语语法(名词、冠词、介词详解)

小学英语语法(名词、冠词、介词详解)

小学英语语法(名词、冠词、介词详解)第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。

它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。

二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。

2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。

三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式。

many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。

3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰。

不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。

注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。

如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

高考英语_2019语法考点通关讲义:名词和冠词

高考英语_2019语法考点通关讲义:名词和冠词

第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律课提示:对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。

短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。

解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分,如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。

【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3.(2016·四川卷)Any smell might attract natural enemies_ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.5.(2018·桂林市联考)To them,life is a _competition (compete)—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.6.(2018·济南期末检测)Julie is one of the women(woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions.7.(2018·漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.8.(2018·昆明第一中学适应性训练)Engelbart, the inventor of the computer mouse, developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer, obtaining a patent for it long before the mouse's(mouse) widespread use.[规律总结]1.提示词为名词时,分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变,则一般考查所给名词的复数形式;如果作定语表示“……的”,则一般考查名词的所有格。

高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词

高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词

高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词1.冠词和名词一、不定冠词a(an)的主要用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。

表示one 概念。

eg. ①a girl 一位女孩 ②an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个。

eg. ① His father is a doctor. ② I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于表示时间、速度或价格等意义的名词之前,表示单位,译为“每一”。

eg.① The rent is $100 a week.D. 指某人或某物,意为a certain ,常用在第一次提到某人或某物时。

eg. ① A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。

E. 用于抽象名词前,表示抽象名词具体化。

(success,difficulty, failure,help, beauty, comfort,danger, pride, honor, pleasure,pity)eg. ① What a pleasant surprise you brought us. F. 表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。

eg. ① have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。

② have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。

中考英语语法复习名词代词数词冠词和介词

中考英语语法复习名词代词数词冠词和介词

第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。

二、名词的分类(一)专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。

如:Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词,叫普通名词。

如:desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...(二)可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

1、可数名词复数的变化规则a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches;c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, city-cities ;d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ;e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况1)__________+es 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如:photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们)-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese(中日不变英法变,其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式,如:tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰,若要表示数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。

山东省新高考英语大二轮总复习 第一讲 名词和冠词教案-人教版高三全册英语教案

山东省新高考英语大二轮总复习 第一讲 名词和冠词教案-人教版高三全册英语教案

第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一) 名词[考纲解读·定方向]语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。

短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。

解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分,如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词;有的还要结合语境分析句子成分,来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。

如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向]1.填名词的单复数若提示词是名词,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的单复数。

2.填名词的所有格提示词为名词时,如果作定语表示“……的”,则一般考查名词的所有格。

3.派生为名词[典例感悟][典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析:invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词,其前有several修饰,应用复数形式。

[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.解析:Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格,根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。

[典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life,and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily,and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.解析:months 考查名词的数。

专题01 名词、冠词-2022年高考英语语法易错点快速突破(解析版)

专题01 名词、冠词-2022年高考英语语法易错点快速突破(解析版)

专题01 名词冠词一真题感悟1.(2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换。

动词变为名词。

前面是the,后面是介词of,中间应当使用名词形式。

2.(2021高考全国乙卷)_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词单复数。

根据下文range from whale watching to hiking...可知活动不止一个,需用复数形式。

3.(2020高考全国卷I)The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。

be of+抽象名词,且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。

4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。

第01讲 冠词(不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词)-2024年中考英语学霸必刷子母题

第01讲 冠词(不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词)-2024年中考英语学霸必刷子母题

专题一语法知识语法知语法知识识第①讲冠词要点归纳思维导图冠词考向及母题典例考向1 不定冠词用法速记口诀:名词头秃,出门戴冠;名词单数,辅a元a n。

注释:冠词使用在名词前,可数名词单数前使用不定冠词,以辅音开头的词前用a,元音开头的词前用an 可数名词单数:以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前用a: a door ;a cat ;a"k".以元音音素开头的单词或字母前用an: an egg;an apple ;an"o"...(2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题)We often have three meals_______day. And we usually(2021·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)My aunt has only one child, and she wants ______ child.A.the second B.a second C.two【答案】B【详解】句意:我姑姑只有一个孩子,她想要第二个孩子。

考查序数词用法。

根据“My aunt has only one child, and she wants…child.”可知,此处表示“再一,又一”,用“不定冠词+序数词”表示,故选B。

考向2 定冠词(2023·吉林·统考中考真题)Jenny ordered a hamburger and ________ hamburger was nice.A.a B.an C.the(2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)Hangzhou will hold ________ 19th Asian Games in 2023.A.a B.an C.the(2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)Bob is my brother. He likes playing ________ basketball, but he doesn’t like playing ________ piano.A.the; a B./; the C.an; the【答案】B【详解】句意:鲍勃是我的兄弟。

【中考英语复习之语法过关(牛津译林版)】课时01 名词 冠词(学生版及答案)

【中考英语复习之语法过关(牛津译林版)】课时01 名词 冠词(学生版及答案)

第一课时名词、冠词1.名词名词是历年中考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。

名词部分主要考查: ①名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数) ①名词和冠词的搭配 ①抽象名词的具体化 ①名词的词性变化①名词的词义辨析1.(1)规则变化①以-o 结尾的下列名词要加-es :“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿”,即Negroes ,heroes, potatoes ,tomatoes 。

①以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词需要把f 或fe 去掉,加-ves :“为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半”,即selves ,lives ,thieves ,wives ,knives ,leaves ,shelves ,wolves ,halves 。

(2)不规则变化但是没有起作用的。

1.-’s ’s 或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s 或’。

①表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。

Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间 Tom and Jim’s room 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间 at the barber’s 在理发店2.of 所有格:无生命的事物的名词通常用of 所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of 所有格。

the content of the novel 小说的内容the name of the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字3.双重所有格:“名词+of +名词所有格”或“名词+of +名词性物主代词”。

a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亚的一个戏剧a photo of mine我的一张照片随堂练习考点1名词辨析①.单项选择1.—We can always find something good in a bad if we look for it.—It’s so true. Let’s make full use of what comes.A.situationB.directionC.instructionpetition2.Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice has been increased greatly.A.populationB.contributionC.productionD.introduction3.The landing of China’s rover(登陆车) Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great in space exploration.A.progressB.projectC.productD.protection4.Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of for many people.A.hungerB.healthC.pollutionD.population5.Mr. Huang was born in Nanjing, but Suqian has become his second .A.familyB.houseC.villageD.hometown6.—Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lilliput in the report?—I’m not sure. Maybe I need to read some about it before writing.A.reasonsB.rewardsC.resultsD.reviews7.Maria is always full of because she takes exercise every day.A.energyB.talentC.humourD.wealth8.—We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology.—Hard to believe! Scientists are full of which leads to great changes in our life.A.attractionB.inventionC.positionD.contribution9.—I’m not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report.—You should read some about the book before writing.A.reviewsB.reasonsC.resultsD.rewards10.The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his .A.attentionB.safetyC.actionD.growth①.词汇运用1.So far, China has built nearly 600,000 cultural centers in . (村庄)2.We need to increase our (知识) of the history of the Communist Party of China.3.Lulu’s best friend never gives up her (梦想)of being a teacher.4.My daughter’s sweet (嗓音) always makes me relaxed.5.I have made much more (进步) in Physics this term.6.Jumping the rope is a kind of full-body exercise and it is great for the .(大脑)7.Modern (医学)is developing fast. As a result, many diseases can be prevented or cured.8.In 1964, Yuan Longping found a natural hybrid rice plant that had many a over others.9.The task is too difficult. Lucy has no c but to ask others for help.10.Go and talk openly with your friends. It helps build (信任).11.According to a survey, those born in the 2000s have a strong sense of national (自豪).考点2名词复数①.单项选择1.There are many teachers in this primary school.A.womanB.woman’sC.womenD.women’s2.We see some rising into the air at the opening of our new library.A.balloonsB.balloonC.balloones3.The pink hair band must belong to .A.Linda’sB.LindaC.hers4.Mr. Liu is a wise man, and he often gives us a few .A.suggestionsB.adviceC.hobbiesD.knowledge5.On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the 110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.A.manB.menC.men’sD.mens’①.词汇运用1.The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my room. (son)2.Over the years, Gong Bao Chicken has become one of the most popular (dish) in Chinese restaurants throughout the world.3.(参观者) must show their health QR codes and check their temperature before they gointo the museum.4.Scientists have found that talk to each other all the time. Their language is a kind of chemical. (plant)5.Have you read the report? Those (英雄) stories really touched me deeply.6.Mother’s cooking skills will not only satisfy our (胃) but also our spirit.7.Thomas Edison, one of the greatest (invent) in the world, created over 1,000 things.8.—Is this your umbrella?—No, it’s another (visit).9.—What do I need to make a thank-you card?—You need some (纸),glue and a pair of scissors.随堂练习①.单项选择1.If you fight hard, know who you are, and are proud of who you are, you've got a good to win.A.choiceB.chanceC.decisionD.direction2.Peter is interested in reading books about animals and plants. He has a real of animals, birds and flowers.A.courageB.energyC.knowledgeD.experience3.The man next door is a to Bruce. He doesn’t even know the neighbor’s name.A.strangerB.volunteerC.trainerD.teacher4.—I often go to the science museum on the weekend.—I guess we have different . I love novels.A.troublesB.interestsC.promisesD.standards5.—Why did the artist make no to be understood or liked?—He didn’t care what others think of him.A.riskB.effortC.suggestionD.balance6.—Timmy, I can’t afford to let the situation get worse. I must take to put it right.—I can’t agree more. It’s what you do right now that makes a difference.A.decisionsB.directionsC.sidesD.steps7.A factory will be built for the of this type of new energy car.A.positionB.populationC.productionD.pronunciation8.With the of the computer, museums today are different from what they used to be.A.introductionB.invitationC.instructionD.direction9.—Finding information is not a big deal today.—Yes, the is how we can tell whether the information is true or not.A.advantageB.messageC.challengeD.knowledge10.Mr. Jobs together with others started Apple Inc. in 1976 and made it a technology .A.inventorB.engineerC.pioneerD.fighter①.词汇运用1.Five soldiers have devoted themselves to protecting our motherland and we will remember these (hero) names.2.It is surprising that the rain didn’t make much (different) to the game.3.The girl’s sweet voice caught several well-known (音乐家) attention.4.There was not much /ˈdaɪəlɒ/ in this drama play, but we all enjoy it.5.We decided to advertise our new (产品) which were made of steel.6.—Whose handbags are these?—They are those managers’ (wife).7.I saw some (德国人) and Englishmen dancing in the street the day before yesterday.8.All the (lead) names and numbers are on the list. You can call them one by one.冠词冠词是中考考必考热点,以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主,把冠词结合名词一起考查。

英语语法专题名词和冠词ppt

英语语法专题名词和冠词ppt

are to animals. ( 06山东 ) A. as B. that C. what D. which
4.Engines are to machines ____ hearts
复合句的种类
without mentioning ____ his teammates had done. ( 06上海 ) A. what B. which C. why D. while
名词复数的规则变化(5)
a tomato some tomatoes some potatoes some heroes Heroes love tomatoes and potatoes.
名词复数的不规则变化(1)
foot -- feet child - children tooth -- teeth mouse -- mice
exercise-exercises
名词复数的规则变化(3)
以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加-s变复数: two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
| |专有名词 | |
| 名 | | 个体名词 | |
| | | | 可数名词 |
| | | 集体名词 | |
| |普通名词 | | |
| 词 | | 物质名词 | |
副词,介词短语或句 子
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语 补足语
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形容词,名词,介词 短语等
She always keeps the house clean.

通悟语法系列1:冠词和名词(PPT)(讲练结合)

通悟语法系列1:冠词和名词(PPT)(讲练结合)

“一种(份, 阵……)”(物 质名词)
What a heavy rain!
(1)不定冠词有a和an两种形式, 常位于名词或名词的修 饰语前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音 音素时, 用a; 而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素 为元音音素时, 用an。注意: 判断用a还是an的依据是 紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素, 而 不是该词的第一个字母是不是元音字母。例如:
【考点精讲】 冠词包括不定冠词a/an和定冠词the, 不用冠词的情况 也可称为零冠词。考查冠词的基本用法主要就是考查 冠词的泛指和特指, 在语法填空和短文改错中都会有 所涉及。在语法填空中对冠词进行考查时, 不给出提 示词。
1. 不定冠词(a/an)的用法(八个“一”)
“一”(=one)
I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.
(4)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。 The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago. (5)表示世界独一无二的事物, 如the moon, the sun, the earth, the universe, the world, the sky等。 *No one knows when the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.
“任一”(=any)
A dictionary is enough.
“某一”(=a certain)
A Mr Smith is waiting to see you.
“一个、一场、一次、 As a manager, he is a success

名词冠词

名词冠词


2.2定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但 较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine. 把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富 人; the living 生者。
情况 构成方法 读音 例词 __________________________________________________ 一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags 读 /z/; car-cars ___________________________________________________ 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词
bus-buses watch-watches ___________________________________________________ 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾 的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses ___________________________________________________ 以辅音字母+y 变y 为i 结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies

高考英语语法语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词

高考英语语法语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词

高中英语语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词名词一. 名词的分类1. 普通名词:○1个体名词,如man,woman,desk,pencil 一般可数,○2集体名词,如class,family,police,army 有单、复数形式。

○3物质名词,如meat,rice,cotton,iron 一般不可数,○4抽象名词,如life,help,happiness,sadness 没有单、复数之分。

2. 专有名词,如England,Shanghai,London,Smith,Karl Marx二. 名词的数1. 可数名词单复数变化形式可数名词是表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。

可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式,有些词单复数形式相同。

单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

○1规则变化A. 单数名词词尾直接加-s。

如bo y—boys,pe n—pens。

B.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词一般加-es。

如glas s—glasses,bo x—boxes,watch—watches。

C. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es。

如baby—babies,lady—ladies。

D.以o结尾的词有些加-es。

如tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes。

以“元音+ o”或“oo”结尾的词和一些以“o”结尾的外来词只加-s。

如radi o—radios,zoo—zoos,photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo—kilos,tobacco—tobaccos。

E. 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v,再加-es。

如wif e—wives,life—lives,knife—knives,wolf—wolves,self—selves,leaf—leaves。

特例:handkerchie f—handkerchiefs或handkerchives,roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,belief—beliefs,cliff—cliffs。

高考词法、句法、语法第一讲:名词和冠词

高考词法、句法、语法第一讲:名词和冠词

冠词的考点
1.考查冠词的一些基本用法,例如:复数名词、不可数名词 表示泛指不用任何冠词;the+单数名词表类指;a/an+单 数名词表泛指。 2.考查冠词的习惯用法。如:play the piano, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。 3.考查冠词的活用。如:抽象名词的具体化,a success; a/an+专有名词表泛指,an Edison。 4.考查零冠词的用法。
2.表示说话双方都知道的人或事物或特指某(些)人或某(些) 事物。 3.与姓氏复数连用,表示夫妇俩或一家人。the Smiths 4.用于逢十的年代复数前表示某个年代。in the twenties 5.the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……越……”。 6.用于“主语+动词+宾语+介词+the+表示身体某一部 位的名词”的固定结构中。如:He hit me on the head. 7.世界上独一无二的事物前及江河、海洋、山脉、海湾等 专有名词前面用定冠词。如:the sun,the Red Sea红海,the Pacific太平洋。 8. 用在最高级前面。如:the largest country
[解析] 考查名词作定语的用法。第一个空用cotton说明衬衫的 材料;第二个空sports作定语时需用复数形式。 [答案 C 答案] 答案
冠词
不定冠 词
不定冠词分为a与an两种形式,主要用于单数可数名词前表 示类别、数量及一些习惯搭配之中。a用在以辅音音素开头 的名词之前。an用在以元音音素开头的名词之前。
[典例 典例1] They told us that it was about twenty ________walk to 典例 _______house. A.minutes';Mike's and Mary's B.minutes';Mike and Mary's C.minute's;Mike's and Mary's D.minute's;Mike and Mary's [解析] 第一空应是表示时间的名词的复数形式,因此只在 minutes后面加“-'”;而house是单数,说明为迈克和玛丽所共有 ,应该只在Mary后面加“-'s”。 [答案 B 答案] 答案

高中语法复习专题一--名词和冠词

高中语法复习专题一--名词和冠词

专题一名词和冠词(一)名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。

friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh时一般加es。

bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。

(3)词尾是辅音字母+y时,变y为i再加es。

enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母+y时,直接加s。

guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时,多将f或fe变为ves。

shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词,有些直接加s,有些加es。

bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录:名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语,但不能作谓语。

记法:规则变化名词单数变复数,直接加-s占多数;s,x,z,ch,sh来结尾,直接加上-es;词尾是f或fe,加-s之前先变ve;辅母+y在词尾,把y变i再加-es;词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es请记好,hero, tomato, potato。

2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚;英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数,是在中心名词后加-s。

语法专题复习方略 第一讲 名词和冠词 专题感悟

语法专题复习方略  第一讲  名词和冠词  专题感悟

语法专题复习方略第一讲名词和冠词Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空1.Let's go to cinema-that'll take your mind off the problem forwhile.解析:go to the cinema与for a while均为习惯搭配,分别指“去看电影”,“一会儿”。

答案:the;a2.The biggest whale is blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long-the height of9-story building.解析:句意:最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸,可以长到大约29米长——其高度相当于一座9层楼的高度。

前一空格处是“the+单数可数名词”表类指;后一个空格处是泛指。

答案:the;a3.We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.解析:句中sky与world都表示泛指,a表示“一”这个数量,相当于“one”。

答案:a;a4.What pity that you couldn't be there to receive prize!解析:该句是感叹句,What a pity that...为固定句型,所以第一空用不定冠词a;而第二空依据语境应该是谈话双方都知道的事物,所以用定冠词the。

答案:a;the5.In order to find better job,he decided to study second foreignlanguage.解析:第一空用不定冠词表泛指,表示“一份更好的工作”;第二空用不定冠词与序数词连用,表示“又一”。

句意:为了找一份更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。

答案:a;a6.Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet andmake room in their day for exercise.解析:泛指平衡饮食,应该用不定冠词。

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第一讲名词和冠词一.考点解析1.可数名词及单复数2.不可数名词3.专有名词(一般与冠词结合考查)4.名词所有格二.考查题目1.语法填空(名词单复数,名词所有格)2.短文改错(名词单复数,名词所有格)3.完形填空(语境考查+词义辨析)4.作文三.考点归纳考点一:名词的数1.可数名词的数(1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化(2)小练习1. I have two____________ (knife)2. There are many ___________ here. (box)3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus)4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The ______________ are playing football now. (child)6. I like the red ________________.(tomato)7. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth)8. Do you want some _________? (milk)9. There are ten __________ _________in our school. (woman teacher)二.1.I________(have got )many new ________(friend).2.She______(have got )four ________(photo).3.They________(have got )a_______(teacher).4.It________(have got )four______(leg).5.Two birds_____(be)black.One bird_____(be)yellow.2.不可数名词的数一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用a或an修饰。

通常只用作不可数名词的名词有:milk, homework, housework, weather, news, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, meat, fun, luggage, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。

(1)word意为“消息”, room意为“空间”, man意为“人类”时,通常不带任何修饰词。

Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday.有消息称会议将于周五召开。

(2)名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式。

man doctor→men doctors男医生woman teacher→women teachers女教师考点二抽象名词具体化1.表示某种特征、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词,可以与不定冠词a(n)连用,表示具体的人或物。

主要有:Eg: Failure2.注意某些物质名词可个体化为可数名词,如a coffee一杯咖啡;two teas两杯茶;a paper一篇论文等。

练习1. The study of ___________( 历史) can be very interesting.2. They have removed __________( 家具 ) of this house.3. They like to eat__________ ( 鱼和牛肉) of the restaurant4. Do you like __________(运动 )?5.I’ve b ough t__________ (一个新的熨斗)。

6.I h ad ____________________(一个奇怪的经历)the other day.7.(画画)__________is my hobby.8.Your daugther is quite ______________(一个美女)9.The book contains __________(许多)useful __________(信息)。

10.There _______(有)__________(许多)old medical __________(设备)in the hospital.考点三名词的固定搭配考点四名词所有格1.表示有生命的名词的所有格[名师指津](1)若是几个人共有,或几个词作为一个单位时,在最后一个名词后加“-'s”;若表示各自的所属关系时,各名词的末尾都要加“-'s”。

如:Mary and Mike's desk, Mary's and Mike's mothers。

(2)表示“某某的家/店铺”的名词所有格,常常省略其名词。

如:at Mr White's, at the tailor's。

2.表示无生命的名词的所有格(1)通常用of所有格表示。

While e-commerce worries some merchants, it contributes to the development of delivery industry.尽管电子商务使一些商人担忧,但它促进了快递业的发展。

(2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用-'s所有格表示。

Beijing's parks 北京的公园the factory's output 工厂的产量3.双重所有格双重所有格的构成形式为:名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词的所有格。

Belinda, who is a friend of my sister's, possesses a rare intelligence.贝琳达,我姐姐的一个朋友,拥有非凡的智慧。

名词所有格练习1.__________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.1.This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)2.__________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.3.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.4.Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔)5.They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).6.___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .7.We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).8.He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.9.Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).10._________________________________(林红和李雷的学校) is big and new.11.________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.12.It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.总结:名词的常考点有哪些?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思考:名词在句中可以做什么成分?_________________________________________________________________________________________单句语法填空1.(2016·太原模拟)The little boy ate so many______________(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 2.(2016·山东临沂二模)The ALS makes people’s muscles become hard. It is hard for the patients to move. Stephen Hocking is one of the____________(suffer).3.As we know, New Zealand is famous for its beautiful scenery and ____________(place) of interest. 4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ____________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.5. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their____________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.6. It’s too early to declare his efforts to be a____________(successful).一、考点解析冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,出现在语法填空和短文改错题中.只有两类,共三个(不定冠词a,an和定冠词the).在近五年高考试题中,冠词考题很少考查某一单独考点,一般都是一题两空,涉及两个考点.历年高考试题,冠词考点主要集中在以下内容:1.考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法2.考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法3.考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法2.考查零冠词(即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法5.考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法3.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法7.考查冠词在比较级前的用法8.考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法9.考查有无冠词而迥异短语二.考点归纳考点一冠词的基本用法1.不定冠词的基本用法(1)用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前,表泛指。

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