have和have got和there be 等相近词的辨析

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1.have和have got

英美说“有”句法不同。如:Have you any sisters? (英)

Have you got any sisters?(英,口语)

Do you have any sisters? (美)

但指“经常性、反复进行”时,只能用have。如:

I've got a toothache.我牙疼。(一时性)

I often have a toothache.我经常牙疼。(经常性)

have与由动词转化的名词组成短语时,不能用have got代替,只能用have。如: have a dance, have a dream, have a drink, have a fight, have a joke, have a look, have a rest, have a swim。

一些习惯用语和句型中的have不能用have got代替。如:

have a bath, have a holiday, have a lesson, have breakfast/lunch/supper 以及havea talk with…, have a word with…等。

2.have和there be

(1)have表“所属”关系的“有”;there be指某处“有”。如:

The man has a brother in Beijing.此人有个弟弟在北京。

There are many books on the desk.桌子上有很多书。

The desk has four legs.书桌有四条腿。

There are many people in the room.房间里有很多人。

(2)在have含“所有”的意义较弱的情况下,可与there be互换。如:

We have much rain this year. = There is much rain this year.今年下了不少雨。There is a map on the wall. = We have a map on the wall.墙上有张地图。The wall has a hole in it. = There's a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。A year has 365 days. = There are 365 days in a year.一年有365天。

3.good和well

good 是形容词,用作表语和定语;它表示戏剧、电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好;表示人品好、人的善良和对其他人的和睦、亲切。如:

I have a good book.我有一本好书。

What a good play it is!多好的一部戏呀!

She is a good student.她是个好学生。

It's very good of you to help me.你来帮助我太好了。

well是形容词和副词。作形容词时只作表语,指处于满意的状态或指身体健康状况良好。如:

All is well with us.我们一切都很顺利。

I think he will get well.我想他会好的。

I am quite well today.我今天身体很好。

well作副词,修饰动词。如:

Kate doesn't sing well, but she dances well.凯特唱歌唱得不好,但她跳舞跳得很好。

4.class 和lesson

class表示“(一节课两节课的)课”,指以四十(五十……)分钟为单位的课堂教学活动,也可指“(学校的)班级”或“全体学生”。如:

They have no classes on Sundays.他们星期天不上课。

Class Four is a big class.四班是一个大班。

lesson的意思是“课文”、“功课”或“(一节课两节课的)课”着重指教学内容而言。作“课”解时可和class换用。如:

We have two English lessons/classes every day.我们每天上两节英语课。

He has no lessons/classes on Sundays.他星期天不上课。

She gives lessons in English.她用英语讲课!

Please read Lesson Five.请读第五课。

This book has 15 lassons.这本书有十五课。

He often helps me with my lessons.他常帮助我做功课。

注意:作“功课”解时,要用复数。

5.intereting 和intaested

interesting是“令人感兴趣的”之意,表示事物本身能使人发生兴趣。如:

The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。

It's an interesting story.这是很有趣的故事。

interested常表示某人对某事物感兴趣,多用be interested in sth.句型。如:

She is interested in the story.她对这个故事很感兴趣。

说明源于同一动词的现在分词和过去分词被用作形容词时,一般都有这种区别,现在分词作形容词用时,表示事物本身具有“令人……”“使人……”之意,过去分词作形容词用时,表示主语对某事“感到……”。常见的还有exciting, xcited, bored, boring, moving, moved等。修饰interesting用very,修饰interested用much, very much和very均可。

6.them和they

them为人称代词宾格。在句中作宾语。如:

She often helps them with their work.她常常帮助他们干活。(作动词的宾语)

Mike is playing football with them.迈克正在和他们一起踢足球。(作介词的宾语)

they是人称代词主格,在句中作主语。如:

They have many books.他们有很多书。

They are my good friends.他们是我的好朋友。

7.it, one

it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,而one所代替的是同类事物中的“一个”。如:

I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.

我需要一辆自行车,可没钱买。(one指的是任何一辆自行车,此处不能用it去代替,注意bike前用不定冠词a。)

I need the bike but I have no money to buy it.我需要这辆自行车,可没钱买。(it特指上文的the bike, 而不是别的自行车,此句中的it不能用one去代替,注意bike前用定冠词the。)

one只能代替可数名词,其复数形式是ones,而it既可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不可数名词。如:

This story is a true one.这个故事是真实的。(句中的one代替上文的可数名词story。)

The white dresses go with the hat better than the blue ones.白色套装比蓝色套装更配这顶帽子。(句中的ones代替上文的dresses。)

Look, there is a book on the floor. Please pick it up.你瞧,地板上有一本书,请把它捡起来。(句中的it代替上文的可数名词a book。)

May I borrow some money? I will give it back to you next week.我可以借一些钱吗?下周我会把钱还给你。(句中的it代替上文的不可数名词money。)

it通常不加修饰语,而one可以加上不同的修饰语。如:

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