英语论文Introduction
引言英文作文模板英语
引言英文作文模板英语英文：Introduction is a crucial part of any essay or article. It serves as the first impression for the readers and can either capture their attention or make them lose interest. Therefore, it is important to have a strong and engaging introduction. In this article, I will discuss some tips and tricks on how to write an effective introduction.Firstly, it is important to have a clear and concise thesis statement. The thesis statement should be thecentral idea of the essay or article and should be presented in a way that is easily understandable for the readers. It should also be interesting and thought-provoking to capture the readers' attention.Secondly, using a hook can be an effective way to grab the readers' attention. A hook can be a quote, a statistic, a question, or a story that relates to the topic of theessay or article. It should be something that is surprising or intriguing to make the readers want to read more.Thirdly, providing some background information can be helpful in setting the context for the essay or article. This can be done by giving some historical or cultural context, or by explaining the significance of the topic.Lastly, it is important to have a smooth transition from the introduction to the body of the essay or article. This can be done by using transitional words or phrases, or by summarizing the main points of the introduction.中文：引言是任何文章或论文的关键部分。
英文学术论文Introduction部分的写作方法
Sub-moves 1) Indicate a gap 2) Identify a problem 3) Extend previous knowledge
Moves 3 Occupy the niche
Note: 1) the word “outline” means that the content in that sub-move is very brief, no details 2) RQs are not necessary sometimes
Sub-moves 1) Outline aim, purpose 2) Specify RQs 3) Outline the theoretical perspectives 4) Describe methodology & design 5) Indicate scope/delimitation 6) explain contribution and vzation of the thesis
But in the introduction chapter of the dissertation, we usually use the following subtitles, altogether three, namely: 1) Background of the study (corresponding with Moves 1 and 2) 2) Aim and significance of the study (corresponding with Move 3.1---3.6) 3) Organization of the dissertation (corresponding with Move 3.7)
英语议论文五段式结构
英语议论文五段式结构英语议论文的基本结构通常采用五段式方法，分别是：引言段（Introduction）、论点段（Argument）、反驳段（Counterargument）、让步段（Acknowledgement）和结论段（Conclusion）。
下面将详细介绍这五个段落的内容及写作方法。
一、引言段（Introduction）引言段是整篇议论文的开篇，引起读者的兴趣，并准确地阐述你要探讨的论题。
在引言段中，还应包括一句能清晰表达出整个议论文主题的论点句（Thesis Statement）。
引言段还可以使用引人入胜的事实、统计数据、引用名人名言等手段来吸引读者，并为你的观点提供背景信息。
二、论点段（Argument）论点段是整篇文章的主体部分，用来阐述你的论点、提供论据以及展开论证。
通常可以根据你的论题选择一个最重要的观点或论点，然后用1-2段逐步阐述并提供论据。
每段的主题句（Topic Sentence）应当清晰明确，并帮助读者理解你的主要论点。
在论点段中，你可以使用事例、统计数据、研究结果、权威观点等来支持你的论点。
记住，每个段落的结尾应该引出下一个论点。
三、反驳段（Counterargument）反驳段用来提出反对你的论点的观点，并进行驳斥。
在这个段落中，你需要选择最具说服力的反对观点，并给予反驳。
首先，简要陈述对方观点的核心内容，然后逐一提出反驳的理由和论据。
这一部分的目的是表明你对于对方观点的理解和辩驳能力。
四、让步段（Acknowledgement）让步段用来表明你主张的论点并不是绝对正确，存在一定的局限性。
在这个段落中，你可以通过承认一些相对的真实性或合理性来增加你论点的可信度。
与此同时，你仍然要强调自己的观点正确性的主要方面。
这部分的目的是表明你能够考虑到问题的多方面角度，并加强你的论证力度。
五、结论段（Conclusion）结论段是整篇文章的总结和结束。
在结论段中，你需要重新强调你的主要观点和论点，并总结你的关键论证。
英文科技学术论文Introduction
大多数英文科技学术论文都可以使用一种所谓 Introduction-Methods-Results and Discussion (IMRAD) 的形式，如下图的沙漏所示，先由普遍到具体问题，再由具体到普遍结论。
这里先总结Introduction的写法和注意事项与中文论文“简短”的“概述”(或“前言”)不一样，英文的Introduction内容通常较长。
好的论文在Introduction部分很见功底，文献的阅读量、信息综合能力，可以给读者很多的信息量，因此写好它容不得半点马虎。
Introduction(说明综述)部分的内容通常用来为作者创造一个研究空间。
先介绍目前的研究现状，然后指出存在的不足或尚没有解决的问题，最后再介绍“存在的问题”是“如何”被作者的研究所解决。
因此，Introduction可以由这“三波”或者说“三部分”来组成。
第一波：提出研究现状和此研究的重要性先通过陈述表明所要研究问题的重要性——当然这部分内容不是必须，并介绍此领域的研究现状，具体可参考文献综述引用。
研究问题要与自己的研究内容高度相关，时态一般可用一般现在时，并通过很确定的语气和具体的形容词来强调研究的重要生。
The flow of foams is seen in many process, and its use in major industries means that an understan ding of foam rheology is of paramount importance.第二波：强调有必要解决存在的问题指出该研究目前存在的问题，可以通过提问的方式或者通过某种方式扩展此领域已有知识和结论。
这一波非常重要，只有指出存在的问题或尚待解决的问题，才能突显出自己的研究价值。
在这一部分的写作时，一般通过转折词来表示过渡，并在指出问题时使用负面的词汇。
… however, the relationship between emergence and soil temperature has not been investigated p reviously…In contrast to the extensive literature describing ….., little attention has been paid to…第三波：介绍作者自己的研究内容介绍作者的研究目的和大致的研究内容。
英语专四作文introduction
英语专四作文introduction As a language learner, I believe that mastering English
is essential for both personal and professional development. In today's globalized world, English has become a lingua franca, and proficiency in this language can open up a
world of opportunities. Whether it's for traveling,
studying abroad, or pursuing a career in an international company, being able to communicate effectively in English
is a valuable skill that can greatly enhance one's life.
作为一个语言学习者，我相信掌握英语对个人和职业发展至关重要。
在当今全球化的世界中，英语已成为一种通用语言，精通这种
语言可以打开机会的大门。
无论是为了旅行、出国留学，还是追求
在国际公司工作，能够有效地用英语交流是一项极具价值的技能，
可以极大地改善一个人的生活。
introduction的英语范文
introduction的英语范文The art of introduction is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and communication. It serves as the gateway to forming new connections, establishing rapport, and setting the tone for subsequent interactions. A well-crafted introduction can leave a lasting impression and pave the way for successful relationships, whether in personal or professional settings.At its core, an introduction is about conveying essential information about oneself or a topic in a concise and engaging manner. It is the opportunity to present oneself, share relevant details, and create a positive first impression. The art of introduction involves a delicate balance of providing the right amount of information, tailoring the content to the specific audience, and striking a tone that is both approachable and professional.One of the primary purposes of an introduction is to establish a connection with the other person or group. This connection can be fostered through various means, such as sharing common interests, highlighting shared experiences, or expressing mutual goals. Byfinding common ground, the introduction can create a sense of familiarity and trust, making the subsequent interaction more productive and meaningful.Moreover, a well-crafted introduction can set the stage for a successful dialogue. It allows the individual to position themselves within the context of the conversation, providing the necessary background information and setting the expectations for the exchange. This can be particularly important in formal or professional settings, where the introduction serves as a gateway to more substantive discussions and collaborative efforts.In addition to fostering connections and setting the stage for productive interactions, a strong introduction can also convey confidence and competence. The way one presents themselves, the clarity of their communication, and the depth of the information shared can all contribute to the perception of the individual's capabilities and credibility. A confident and well-prepared introduction can help establish the individual as a valuable contributor, opening doors to new opportunities and enhancing their professional reputation.Furthermore, the art of introduction extends beyond the initial encounter. It is an ongoing process that continues throughout the course of a relationship or interaction. As situations and contextschange, the individual must be able to adapt their introduction to suit the evolving needs and expectations of their audience. This adaptability demonstrates versatility and the ability to navigate different social and professional environments effectively.In the digital age, the importance of introduction has become even more pronounced. Online interactions, such as virtual meetings, job applications, and social media profiles, require individuals to craft introductions that are succinct, attention-grabbing, and representative of their true selves. The ability to effectively introduce oneself in these digital spaces can significantly impact the success of personal and professional pursuits.Overall, the art of introduction is a critical skill that encompasses a multitude of elements, from establishing connections and setting the tone to conveying confidence and adaptability. Mastering this art can open doors, facilitate meaningful dialogues, and pave the way for lasting, productive relationships. Whether in personal or professional settings, a well-crafted introduction can serve as the foundation for a successful and fulfilling interaction.。
英语论文英文文献中introduction的写法
02
Key elements of writing the
introduction section
Background information
Provide necessary background
Introduce the general context and setting of the research, including the field, topic, and key concepts This helps establish a foundation for the reader to understand the research problem and its significance
Motivation for the study
Explain why the research is important or relevant, often by addressing practical implications or theoretical contributions
Research objectives
State the research questions that will be addressed in the
paper
Specify the objectives of the research and how they will
be achieved
Indicate the expected contributions of the research
The Writing Method of Introduction in English
Pape
目录
怎样写好英文论文的Introduction部分？
怎样写好英文论文的Introduction部分？在论文写作过程中，很多同学搞不清abstract和introduction的区别，认为这两个部分都是一样的，由于概念的模糊导致introduction的写作存在问题。
那么什么是introduction，又应该怎么写这一部分呢？摘要我们都知道主要是对文章内容从选题背景，主要内容和研究问题三个部分来概述。
而Introduction部分是要求内容在对应的选题上更加精确，即通过承接摘要部分提出的内容来展开话题，从比较宏观的学术背景逐渐过渡到本文的研究课题来说服目标读者。
Introduction部分需要明确呈现的三个部分：一是background；二是research gap；三是study purpose。
总的来说，就是从what is known到what is unknown最后推出自己的研究问题。
所以Introduction一开始要陈述的是自己研究课题领域的大背景和重要性，第一部分的主要目的是向读者展示自己选择的研究方向前人有过那些经典的理论和实验，证明你对这个领域已经有全面客观的了解。
这样才能向第二部分进行。
第二部分即找到课题领域的研究空白。
所谓空白，包括尚未设涉及的问题和前人没有研究透彻或者随着该领域发展一些需要理论或实验需要进行进一步修正。
这些都可以作为你了解到的研究空白，同时为你接下来的选题陈述奠定基础。
接下来就是要基于前两个部分的陈述点出本文的研究课题、研究意义和采用的研究方法。
写Introduction有几个需要注意的问题：首先在字数上不要过多，尤其在概述背景的部分，不要堆砌罗列文献，要选择与自己选题密切相关的著作或著名理论来陈述。
其次要时刻记得Introduction的目的是要让读者通过对这一部分的阅读对你的研究产生兴趣，即吸引读者。
Introduction属于论文中最难写的部分之一，这一部分的成败直接影响到你整篇论文的质量。
所以要在初稿完成后反复修改，不要过多赘述也不要一带而过。
英语作文的introduction
英语作文的introduction全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1IntroductionAs one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, English plays a crucial role in global communication, business, and culture. With over 1.5 billion speakers worldwide, English has become the lingua franca of the modern era, connecting people from different countries and cultures. In this introduction, we will explore the importance of English as a language of international communication, its history, and its impact on society.Importance of English as a Global LanguageEnglish is often referred to as the global language, as it is used as a common means of communication among people from different linguistic backgrounds. In today's interconnected world, English proficiency is a valuable skill that opens up opportunities for individuals in various fields, such as business, education, and travel. Many multinational companies require their employees to be fluent in English, as it facilitates communication with clients and colleagues from around theworld. Moreover, English is the primary language of instruction in many universities, making it essential for students who wish to pursue higher education abroad.History of the English LanguageThe English language has a rich and diverse history, shaped by various influences over the centuries. Originating from the Germanic tribes that invaded Britain in the 5th century, Old English was the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons. The Norman Conquest of 1066 brought French elements into the language, leading to the Middle English period. During the Renaissance, many Latin and Greek words were incorporated into English, transforming it into the Modern English we know today. The spread of the British Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries further promoted the global use of English, solidifying its status as an international language.Impact of English on SocietyThe widespread use of English has had a profound impact on society, shaping the way we communicate, learn, and interact with one another. English has become the language of the internet, with the majority of online content available in English. This has made information more accessible to a global audience, breaking down barriers and fostering cross-culturalunderstanding. English also plays a key role in the entertainment industry, with many movies, TV shows, and music produced in English reaching a worldwide audience.ConclusionIn conclusion, English is a language that transcends borders and connects people from different corners of the globe. Its significance as a tool for communication, education, and business cannot be overstated. As we continue to navigate an increasingly interconnected world, proficiency in English will be essential for individuals seeking to thrive in a globalized society.篇2Title: Introduction to English CompositionIntroduction:English composition is an essential skill that every student should strive to master. Whether you are writing an essay, a research paper, a report, or any other type of written work, having a solid foundation in English composition will help you communicate your ideas effectively and clearly. In this introductory essay, we will discuss the importance of English composition, the key components of a well-written piece, and tips to improve your writing skills.Importance of English Composition:English composition is the art of expressing thoughts, ideas, and emotions through written words. It allows individuals to communicate their thoughts and experiences with others, creating a connection between writer and reader. A well-written composition can persuade, inform, entertain, or provoke thought, making it a powerful tool for communication.In academic settings, English composition plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking skills, analytical abilities, and communication proficiency. Students who excel in English composition are better equipped to analyze complex ideas, synthesize information, and present their arguments effectively. This skill is essential for success in higher education, as well as in the professional world.Key Components of a Well-Written Composition:A well-written composition should have a clear structure, coherent organization, and strong supporting evidence. The key components of a well-written piece include:1. Introduction: The introduction should grab the reader's attention, provide context for the topic, and present the thesis statement.2. Body: The body of the composition should present the main points of the argument, supported by evidence and examples. Each paragraph should relate to the overall thesis and flow logically from one to the next.3. Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the main points, restate the thesis, and leave a lasting impression on the reader.Tips to Improve Your Writing Skills:To improve your English composition skills, consider the following tips:1. Read widely: Reading books, articles, and essays can expose you to different writing styles, vocabulary, and ideas.2. Practice writing: The more you write, the better you will become. Set aside time each day to practice writing and experiment with different techniques.3. Seek feedback: Ask for feedback from peers, teachers, or writing tutors to help you identify areas for improvement.4. Edit and revise: Always edit and revise your work to check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors, as well as clarity and coherence.5. Study grammar and vocabulary: Understanding grammar rules and expanding your vocabulary can enhance the quality of your writing.Conclusion:English composition is a valuable skill that can benefit you in academic, professional, and personal endeavors. By mastering the key components of a well-written composition and following the tips provided, you can improve your writing skills and become a more effective communicator. Remember that practice makes perfect, so don't be afraid to challenge yourself and strive for excellence in English composition.篇3IntroductionEnglish writing is a key skill that is essential for academic, professional, and personal success. In today's globalized world, the importance of being able to effectively communicate in written English cannot be overstated. Whether you are writing an essay, a report, a business proposal, or even just a simple email, strong writing skills are crucial for conveying your ideas clearly and persuasively.In this essay, we will explore the importance of English writing, the key components of a well-written piece of writing, and some strategies for improving your English writing skills. We will also discuss the different types of English writing, such as narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive writing, and provide tips for each.English writing is not just about following grammar rules and using fancy vocabulary. It is about structuring your ideas in a logical and coherent way, using appropriate language for your audience, and engaging your readers through interesting and relevant content. Good writing is also about editing and revising your work to ensure that it is clear, concise, and error-free.By honing your English writing skills, you will be able to express yourself effectively in a variety of contexts and achieve your goals more easily. Whether you are a student looking to excel in school, a professional seeking to advance in your career, or simply someone who wants to communicate more clearly and persuasively, improving your English writing skills will open up a world of opportunities for you.In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the art of English writing, exploring the key principles, techniques, and strategies that will help you become a more confident andproficient writer. Let's embark on this journey together and unlock the power of English writing.。
怎么写论文的Introduction部分
怎么写论文的Introduction部分
写引言，首先需要确定你做了什么和你发现了什么，所以写引言的最佳时间是在写完整篇文章之后，或者至少起草了报告的各个部分之后。
一般来说文章的结构通常是按照如Fig.1. 来完成。
Fig. 1. The shape of a research article or thesis.
从图表的形状中可以注意到的一点是，论文写作中思路是逐渐向中央部分变窄，之后变宽的。
这表明信息在introduction和
Discussion/Conclusion中的排序方式：在introduction中，开始时相当笼统，逐渐缩小你的研究焦点，然后展开你的研究方法和实验结果。
而在讨论/结论中则相反，你需要将你的观点再重新展宽回到引言最开始的层次中讨论。
做一个不太恰当的比喻，如果把写论文比作是讲一个故事的话，首先故事开始前，需要一个开场白暖一下场，这部分内容是用来让你的读者，可能是不了解你的讲故事风格，或者赶时间只是来随便听听的人能够进入到故事的氛围中来。
暖场结束之后，需要逐步引导读者深入探索，所以一般在introduction的结尾，需要一段话将故事的前期铺垫衔接上故事的主体，也就是方法和结果部分。
在这里，你将给读者展现你的逻辑思考和实验设计，并介绍实验结果，利用实验数据得出结论。
主体介绍完成之后就是讨论和结论部分，在这里需要给读者留下想象空间，或者将故事的主题突显出来。
同样的，在这两者之间加入一段衔接的话是必要的。
下面展示一段引言的范例：
Fig. 2. An e某ample introduction paragraph.。
如何写好论文的introduction
句型1：用表示否定意义的词例little，few， no或none of+名词作主语。如：
例 a．Little information／attention／work／
research… b．Few studies／investigations／
researchers／attempts… C．No studies／data／calculations… d．None of these studies／findings／
如何写好论文的introduction
题名的字数。题名不应过长。国外科技期刊一 般对题名字数有所限制。总的原则是，题名应 确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内 容的前提下，题名词数越少越好.
中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文，其英文题 名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语 要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的 词可以省略或变动。例如：工业湿蒸汽的直接 热量计算，the direct measurement of heat transmitted wet steam。英文题名的直译中译 文是“由湿蒸汽所传热量的直接计量”，与中文 题名相比较，二者用词虽有差别，但内容上是 一致的。
c. Although considerable research has been devoted to…, rather less attention has been paid to…
例： Although there is much hope that threedimensional coupled models will lead to better understanding of the factors that control hurricane intensity and to increased reliability of hurricane intensity forecasts, the present generation of models may not have enough horizontal resolution to capture the full intensity of extreme storms.
introduction英语作文
introduction英语作文introduction英语作文无论是在学校还是在社会中，大家对作文都不陌生吧，通过作文可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一块。
那么一般作文是怎么写的'呢？下面是小编收集整理的introduction英语作文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
introduction英语作文1Hello, I am Cao Wanqian. I am a smart girl.I am 12 years old.I have short and black hair and small eyes.Purple is my favourite colour. Kangaroo is my favourite animal.I have a good friend. It’s name’s Zhao Xhuanru, It’s funny.I like she.introduction英语作文2Hello!My name is Ding Jinyan.My English name is Tina.I am a chinese girl.I’m 12 years old.In my family,there are four people.My mother,father,bother ang me.I like watching TV,playing computer games,reading books and playing the guitar.I’m a clever girl.My dream is to be a star.I like English,Chinese,Music and History.My favourite subject is English.Because learning English is very happy and exciting.Do you want to be my friend?。
英文作文introduction
英文作文introduction英文，As an introduction, I would like to share alittle bit about myself. My name is Lily, and I am a 25-year-old college student from China. I am majoring in international business, and I have always been passionate about learning new languages and experiencing different cultures.中文，作为一个介绍，我想跟大家分享一下关于我自己的一些事情。
我的名字叫莉莉，我是一名来自中国的25岁大学生。
我主修国际贸易，我一直热衷于学习新的语言和体验不同的文化。
英文，I have been learning English since I was in elementary school, and I have also studied Japanese and Spanish. I believe that being multilingual has opened up many opportunities for me, both in terms of my education and my personal growth.中文，我从小学开始学习英语，还学过日语和西班牙语。
我相信多语言的能力为我打开了很多机会，无论是在教育上还是在个人成长上。
英文，In addition to my passion for languages, I also love to travel. I have been fortunate enough to visit several countries, including the United States, Japan, and Spain. These experiences have allowed me to broaden my horizons and gain a deeper understanding of different customs and traditions.中文，除了对语言的热爱，我还热爱旅行。
英语毕业论文introduction
IntroductionChina is an oriented country with five-thousand-year-old history, attracting tourists from all over the world. Covering an area of 9.6milliom square kilometers, China has abundant tourism resources, boasting of spectacular natural sceneries and cultural relics. China’s tourism industry has undergone an unprecedented growth. According to World Tourism Organization (WTO) forecast, China is set to become the world’s largest tourism destination and the fourth major source of tourists b y 2020.Therefore, tourism has become a significant industry in the national economy.After the opening-up and reform policy, China has received millions of foreign visitors who are attracted by China’s natural landscape and human culture. To help foreign tourists know China well and to make a good impression on them, Tour Commentaries, as a forcible medium, plays an irreplaceable role while the translation of them is of equal importance.Tour is a linguistically communicative activity between the translator and tourists and all kinds of linguistic communication have an inherent feature that is cooperation. The most famous and systematic notion of what linguistic cooperation mean is Grice’s description of some effects of communicative activities (Hickey, 2001). Many translators and scholars have contributed to the theory applying to the translation. Hicky(2001)said that the Gricean account is developed primarily with spoken conversation in mind, however it does written texts, he pointed out that it is feasible to argue that the fact of translation severs this connection, or the very translation text severs the connection between the writer’s intentions and the target-language readers’ recognition of them.And domestically, Duan Haiyan(2007)and Zhang Jin（2008）pays much attention to the features of language in English introduction in her paper without clear and classified translation methods. Other scholars discuss translation skills of Tour Commentaries from different angles, Chen Gang (2002) points out that the translator should develop cross-cultural consciousness in five aspects and suggests some translation strategies to solve the problems in TC. Zeng Dan (2006) discusses thetranslation strategies in terms of the functional theory and has a further exploration on the translation of dynasty, historical figure culture proper noun. Xiong Linlin(2007) gives an in-depth discourse analysis at the macro-level of Tour Commentaries on the basis of Nord’ discourse model on relevance theory.The contents of TC are relevant to the local characters, Zhangjiajie is no exception. Located in the northwest part of Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie is a place with pleasant scenery of typical Karst formation and multiple ethnic minorities including Tujia ethnic minority and Miao ethnic minority. Many data about scenic spots in Zhangjiajie have been collected for detailed analysis in this study，which is to improve the quality of tourism translation and to attract more foreigners to visit China. The author collected brochures, books and notices and websites about the scenic spots in Zhangjiajie which will be cited for the analysis in the thesis．A comparative analytical case-study method will be adopted, and this contrastive analysis is conducted from lexical and syntactic features to discourse norm and culture conventions．Source texts and target texts of the tourist commentaries are paired up for analysis．Examples are employed to illustrate the applied translating methods．The purpose is to give a tentative reconstruction of the translation process based on CP．After the collection of TC, it can be found that the quantity of TC’s translation unconsciously is not satisfied. There are many problems in the TC of scenic spots in Zhangjiajie: not united proper nouns, ambiguous expressions, unnecessary prolixity, unbelievable legends, irrelevant interpretations, and exaggerations etc. In this study, four maxims will be applied to analyze the problems during the translation of the source texts; finally some suitable translation strategies are put forward based on Grice’s CP and its four maxims with practical examples to improve the quality of TC translation of Zhangjiajie.。
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**标题：[论文题目]**In this paper, we aim to explore the topic of [具体研究主题] and its significance in [相关领域或背景]. This topic has attracted considerable attention in recent years, due to its profound impact on [阐述研究主题的重要性和影响]. Our primary objective is to provide a comprehensive examination of [研究目标或问题], shedding light on its various aspects and complexities.To achieve this goal, we have employed a multi-faceted approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. By conducting extensive literature reviews, case studies, experiments, or surveys, we have gathered a wealth of data and insights to inform our analysis. This diverse range of methods allows us to approach the subject from different perspectives, enhancing the credibility and validity of our findings.The paper is structured as follows: Firstly, we will delve into the theoretical foundations of [研究主题], exploring relevant concepts, theories, and previous research in the field. This section will provide a solid framework for understanding the subsequent discussions. Subsequently, we will present the methodology employed in our research, detailing the data collection techniques and analytical procedures employed. Following this, the results of our investigation will be presented, accompanied by in-depth discussions and interpretations. Finally, we will summarize the key findings of the study, discuss their implications, and propose potential areas for future research.Throughout this paper, we strive to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on [研究主题] by offering novel insights, theoretical contributions, or practicalimplications. Our hope is that this work will not only enhance understanding of the subject matter but also inspire further research and discussions among scholars and practitioners in the field.。
英语 论文 introduction
I. Introducing the topic1. Providing background informationAnimals are friends of human beings, and languages of all nations have a great number of words denoting animals. People associate their feelings and emotions, even happenings and natural phenomena with various animals. Many animals have become a kind of symbolism in people’s mind, and this symbolism is reflected in language. For instance, sayings like “as busy as a bee”appear in many languages. However, these sayings do not necessarily coincide from one language to another due to different outlook of life and concept of beauty in different cultures.2. Quoting an authorityResearchers have shown that the words people speak may be far less important than the body language used when delivering verbal message. They estimate that less than 10 percent of the whole message understood by an audience is the actual content. Some 30 percent is attributed to the pitch and tenor of a person’s voice and 60 percent to other forms of non-verbal communication from body language to facial expressions to hand gestures. (Charles Mitchell, 2000)3. Starting with an anecdoteII. Focusing on the issueThe article tries to analyze the features of the subtitles of the movie Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon in terms of time-space constraints, informative function and cultural factors, and then puts forward corresponding strategies for translation, with concrete examples for illustration.In this thesis, the author will discuss the differences of cultural connotations between Chinese and English animal words, and try to investigate the importance of the input of culture in vocabulary teaching.III. Reviewing previous research1. Defining the key termsWhat is language? Different researchers have different concepts. Webster’s New World Dictionary offers several most frequently used scenes of the word “language”, namely: (1) human speech; (2) the ability to communicate by this means; (3) a system of vocal sounds and combination of such sounds to which meaning is attributed, used for the expression or communication of thought and feelings; (4) the written representation of such a system. These definitions give the conceptual meanings of language and its representative forms.The most typically and generally acceptable definition is: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. This definition is mostly generalized and it distinguishes human language from any other animal s’ languages.A famous Chinese linguist Zhao Shikai defined language from different angles:(1) language is a social action and a carrier of information; (2) language is a system of structure; it contains phonetics, vocabulary and meaning, morphology and syntax; (3) language is a social phenomenon because it is an instrument of human communicationin a society; (4) language is a physiological phenomenon because it is connected with the organs of speech, the nervous system and muscular activities; (5) language is a psychological phenomenon because it is closely related to man’s psychological activities; (6) language is also a physical phenomenon owing to the propagation of speech sounds. These definitions are comparatively complete and all-around. It defines language from different angles like linguistics, sociology, psychology, physics, etc.On the basis of the above-mentioned points, language may be defined as follows: language is a system of symbols based on physiology, psychology and physics. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information used for human communication in a society.2. Providing theoretical backgroundThe relationship between language and culture is not just that between a part and a whole. It is much more complex than that. Language is the carrier and container of culture; language, as a mirror of culture, is strongly influenced and shaped by culture; language and culture is closely related, each influencing and shaping the other. As E. Sapir, an American linguist, points out that a language can’t exist in a “cultural vacuum”, nor can it exist in a vacuum of practices and beliefs inherited from the society. As the carrier of culture, every language has its own system and structure. And every nation has its own living habits, thinking way, language psychology, behavior criterion, sense of worth, and culture tradition.3. Evaluating related researchEuphemism has been used for a long time. It is also widely studied by Chinese and foreign scholars with great interest. In 1932, in a relatively long time in China, advocated by Chen Wangdao in his book An Introduction to Rhetoric, euphemism was studied as a means of rhetorical devices. In 1983, Chen Yuan discussed euphemism in his book Sociolinguistics in great details. From then on, more and more Chinese scholars who study foreign languages began to carry out some researches on this subject and published a large number of papers which made the study of euphemism step into a new stage. In recent years, Liu Chunbao has compiled A Dictionary of English Euphemisms, and it is regarded as an important work on euphemism. In English-speaking countries, American linguist Menken’s The American Language and British linguist Hugh Rawson’s A Dictionary of Euphemisms and Other Doubletalk are both extraordinary works on euphemism.However, it is not difficult to find that most of these works deal with euphemism in a single language. They either treat euphemism as a rhetorical device or discuss the nature of euphemism. Few works or papers are devoted to the comparison of euphemism between two languages and get the corresponding translation strategies. In other words, most of the researches have been done in the linguistic field. As far as the author of this thesis is concerned, the discussion on the translation of euphemism is of great significance in cross-cultural communication. It will help the readers to overcome some barriers in understanding or translating euphemism.4. Formulating the research designThis thesis attempts to offer some strategies for the translation of euphemism inEnglish-Chinese and Chinese-English translation on the basis of Chen Hongwei and Li Yadan’s translation criterion—“similarity in function and correspondence in meaning”. Starting with the discussion on translation and culture, the thesis compares English and Chinese taboo words, and provides specific euphemisms that substitute taboo words with some translation strategies which may be helpful to the English learners and translators.SampleWith the globalization of economy and especially with its accession to the WTO, China is taking an increasingly active part in world business activities. It is therefore necessary and inevitable for domestic enterprises to enter into business contracts with overseas companies or company groups. Considering the importance of a contract, it is very essential to make sure that a contract is correctly made and understood by the contracting parties. This is especially so for an international business contract, where two or more different languages are usually involved.An international business contract is often characterized by a rigid format, a well thought-out content, a complicated structure, and formal language. In order to make the terms clear and the rights and obligations of the two parties specified and controversial interpretations avoided, effective language use is of vital importance. It is often the case that, among other things, a large number of subordinate clauses are used towards such an objective.Sometimes several clauses are used to modify one verb, or one clause will contain another. With regard to the place where a subordinate clause is put, there can be a great difference between English and Chinese. It has thus become a key problem of how to render a subordinate clause, an adverbial clause in particular, from the source language into the target language in the translation of international business contracts. So in what follows, the author proposes to take a relatively detailed look at this problem, basing on relevant translation theories and standards.。
英文论文introductino范文
介绍一个【CS 计算机】，【EE 信号处理】领域的introduction 通用写作模板,模板将introduction分成5段，供大家参考。
在每段英文后面，配备了相对应的中文，以方便大家阅读。
本文格式，包括引用都是按照IEEE 的格式写的。
【第一段】研究意义，也可以叫研究的作用，或者称为研究的应用场景。
格式如下:（topic）has been extensively studied in the literature. Some major applications of （topic） include speech processing, e.g. [1]-[3], Video Surveillance, e.g. [4], [5], biomedical image processing, e.g. [6], and sensor fusion, e.g. [7], [8].（某某研究）已经在学术界被广泛的研究，（某某研究）d的应用场景包括语音信号处理，例如[1]-[3], 视频监控，例如 [4], [5], 医学图像处理，例如[6], 和传感器融合，例如 [7], [8].【第二段】以前类似的研究，以及它们的不足之处。
格式如下:Different approaches have been utilized for (topic). These approaches consist of approaches A, e.g. [ ], approaches B, e.g. [ ], and approaches C, e.g. [ ]. Each of these approaches has its strengths and limitations. Approaches A provide (strengths ). However, (limitations). Approaches B provide (strengths ). However, (limitations). Approaches C provide (strengths ). However, (limitations). Basically, no approaches is perfect, that is (issues have not been addressed).针对（某某研究）已经提出了很多种方法。
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that
Research Fruit (tense)
Hedge (1982)
that
1. Facts (present) 2. Accepted standard method or technology (present) 3. Certain situation (past) 4. Suggestion or hypothesis (“may + verb”)
Image
has/have been widely discussed Has/have been extensively examined has/have been thoroughly investigated has/have seldom been discussed/have
in the last decade.
since 1995
General description of research field – example sentences (4)
There be
Research extentLeabharlann Research Theme
There has/have been
much research on little research on many studies on few reports on
printing.
attention
color.
Many A number of Several Quite few
has been studies conducted/performed/published on experiments have been done regarding
image.
1. Background & Research Field
– Background information is widely accepted facts, but sometimes according to reference materials. – From general to specific background information, from wide to narrow. – Tense:
Literature Time.
– From old to new.
Literature Category.
– Classify literature. – Describe in the above two way individually.
– Sentences Style
(1) General description of research field (2) Literature oriented (3) Authors oriented (4) Author oriented
Voice:
– Passive (theme as subject) – Active (authors as subject)
Authors oriented – example sentences (1)
Authors
Verb (present perfect, active voice)
– In some climates, control of house dust has been found to be …. [2]. – The hypothesis is supported by …. [Larsson et al., 1998; Kadi et al., 1998]
For widely accepted facts, no reference. Tense:
Authors Many investigators Several researchers A number of authors Few writers
Verb (present perfect, active voice)
have found/ /shown /reported /suggested
since 1995
General description of research field – example sentences (3)
Research theme
Verb (present perfect, passive voice)
Time (optional)
in recent years.
color.
(3,4,5,7)
Authors oriented – example sentences (2)
Research Theme
Verb (present perfect, passive voice)
have been studied /investigated /examined /explored /reported on /discussed /considered
has/have been
the subject of much research the subject of few studies the focus of a great deal of research
in recent years. in the last decade.
has drawn/attracted Color have drawn/attracted much attention/interest little attention/interest
General description of research field – example sentences (1) Verb (present perfect, passive voice) Research Theme
Research situation
Much Little No A volume of
For facts, present tense. For trends, present perfect tense.
– E.g. – The study of … has been the focus of many recent studies. – Various approaches such as … have been employed …
Most are widely accepted facts, so no reference. Always describe research trend, so present perfect tense. The focus is research theme, so passive voice.
color.
– (2) Literature oriented
First sentence: description of general facts related with paper. The focus of the sentence is material, and the theme discussed is always subject. E.g.
Much Little
work research
has been done/performed/conducted/carried out/devoted on has been published regarding
has been devoted/directed to has been focused on
– (1) General description of research field
Research situation of certain problem in this field. How much related research has been done on certain problem.
– Past tense.
Author oriented – example sentences (1)
Author & literature time
Verb (past tense, active voice)
showed found reported noted suggested observed pointed out
2. Literature Review
– Only refer literature related with the paper. – Arrange according to:
Relationship with this paper.
– From more related to less related.
– 2. Literature Review – 3. Problem (with 2.) – 4. Research Objective – 5. Outline of Method – 6. Theory or Application Value (with 4.) – 7. Paper Structure (Thesis or Dissertation)
– Present or present perfect, sometimes past tense.
– (3) Authors oriented
Introduce research work of some authors/researchers/scholars. Tense:
– Present perfect
that
Research fruit
References
that
…
(Brown, 1992; Forman, 1986, McGee, 1998)
– (4) One Author oriented